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<document id="19A191479123E61C9D5E6C979A9587E6" ID-CLB-Dataset="298212" ID-DOI="10.1653/024.102.0123" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5687f3ac-b688-4b2c-888d-af927b3a8d22" ID-ISSN="1938-5102" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11527878" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1717618298749" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Pinzón Florian, O. P., Scheffrahn, Rudolf H. &amp; Carrijo, Tiago F." docDate="2019" docId="1F6087FBFFF9FFACFC9CFC5E14E2FD36" docLanguage="en" docName="FlaEntomol.102.1.141-146.pdf" docOrigin="Florida Entomologist 102 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C0CD22107794FB65089F701CBA118AA5.2:FlaEntomol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="C0CD22107794FB65089F701CBA118AA5" docStyleName="FlaEntomol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Aparatermes thornatus Pinzon and Scheffrahn 2019, sp. nov. 2018" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="144" masterDocId="E359FF83FFFBFFA8FFD0FFEC1018FFD7" masterDocTitle="Aparatermes thornatus (Isoptera: Termitidae: Apicotermitinae), a new species of soldierless termite from northern Amazonia" masterLastPageNumber="146" masterPageNumber="141" pageNumber="142" updateTime="1717875534572" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="02AA1F59C27EAE512EB8F19B44BE0C50">Aparatermes thornatus (Isoptera: Termitidae: Apicotermitinae), a new species of soldierless termite from northern Amazonia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="190C078FCF4DBA6F736FD0F055FB19F1">Pinzón Florian, O. P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="79963BB09E2936EB877C4709093897F9">Universidad Distrital “ Francisco José de Caldas, ” Cra. 5 E 3 15 - 82 Bogotá, Distrito Especial, Colombia; E-mail: opatriciap @ udistrital. edu. co (O. P. P. F.)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C485C3B2F60D074B66253DDCA4DE5B9A">Scheffrahn, Rudolf H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2284E28BADF81C7FFF3C3E91CBE506F2">University of Florida, Fort Lauderdale Research &amp; Education Center, 3205 College Avenue, Davie, Florida 33314, USA; E-mail: rhsc @ ufl. edu (R. H. S.)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="531DC293FF4C1CD2BE92C92B45C32324">Carrijo, Tiago F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A5555A5D08C78BA6E4478AC7034FE6D8">Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Arcturus Street, 3 - Jardim Antares, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, São Paulo 09606 - 070, Brazil; E-mail: tiagocarrijo @ gmail. com (T. F. C.)</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="1F6087FBFFF9FFACFC9CFC5E14E2FD36" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11527884" ID-GBIF-Taxon="232356969" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11527884" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F6087FBFFF9FFACFC9CFC5E14E2FD36" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F6087FBFFF9FFACFC9CFC5E14E2FD36" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="144" pageId="2" pageNumber="142">
<subSubSection id="DFD36566FFF9FFAAFC9CFC5E158AFC11" box="[844,1426,946,966]" pageId="2" pageNumber="142" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="977636EDFFF9FFAAFC9CFC5E158AFC11" blockId="2.[844,1426,946,1025]" box="[844,1426,946,966]" pageId="2" pageNumber="142">
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFF9FFAAFC9CFC5E1515FC11" authority="Pinzon and Scheffrahn" authorityName="Pinzon and Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2019" box="[844,1293,946,966]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Aparatermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thornatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFF9FFAAFC9CFC5E1437FC11" box="[844,1071,946,966]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="142">Aparatermes thornatus</emphasis>
Pinzon and Scheffrahn
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sp.
<date id="E377102DFFF9FFAAFAE4FC5E158AFC11" box="[1332,1426,946,966]" pageId="2" pageNumber="142" value="2018-11">nov. 2018</date>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="DFD36566FFF9FFAAFC9CFC231446FBD6" pageId="2" pageNumber="142" type="description">
<paragraph id="977636EDFFF9FFAAFC9CFC231446FBD6" blockId="2.[844,1426,946,1025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="142">
Imago. Unknown Worker (
<tableCitation id="DA4B0356FFF9FFAAFC4EFC0113FEFBD6" box="[926,998,1005,1025]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[96,142,195,213]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 1. Measurements (mm) of 19 workers from 7 colonies of Aparatermes thornatus (Roonwal, 1961, equivalence in parenthesis)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C3B66665FFF9FFAAFFB0FF2F1226FF3A" pageId="2" pageNumber="142" tableUuid="C3B66665FFF9FFAAFFB0FF2F1226FF3A">Table 1</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0FF22A68FFF9FFAAFC21FC01144BFBD6" box="[1009,1107,1005,1025]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="2.[108,136,1979,1997]" captionStartId-1="3.[156,184,1102,1120]" captionStartId-2="3.[156,184,2000,2018]" captionTargetBox-0="[96,1488,1082,1946]" captionTargetBox-1="[144,1536,192,1071]" captionTargetBox-2="[144,1536,1164,1968]" captionTargetId-0="figure-468@2.[96,1488,1081,1946]" captionTargetId-1="figure-9@3.[144,1536,192,1072]" captionTargetId-2="figure-50@3.[144,1536,1164,1968]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Aparatermes thornatus worker:(A) dorsal view of head and fore legs (inset shows coloration and pigment variant); (B) lateral view of head and thorax; (C) lateral view of habitus; (D) ventral view of fore coxae; (E) mandibles." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Aparatermes thornatus worker gut: (A) dorsal; (B) lateral right; (C) ventral; (D) lateral lef views.Abbreviations of gut sections: C = crop,EVS = enteric valve seating, M = mesenteron, MT = mesenteric tongue, P1P5 = proctodeal segments." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Aparatermes enteric valve cushions: (A) A. cingulatus; (B) A. abbreviatus; (C) A. silvestrii; (D) A. thornatus." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11527880" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11527882" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11527886" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11527880/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11527882/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/11527886/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="142">Figs. 1-3D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="977636EDFFF9FFAAFFBCF85712B6F832" blockId="2.[96,1488,1978,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="142">
Fig. 1.
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFF9FFAAFF74F8561176F81B" authorityName="Pinzon and Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2019" box="[164,366,1978,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Aparatermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thornatus">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFF9FFAAFF74F8561176F81B" box="[164,366,1978,1996]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="142">Aparatermes thornatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
worker:(A) dorsal view of head and fore legs (inset shows coloration and pigment variant); (B) lateral view of head and thorax; (C) lateral view of habitus; (D) ventral view of fore coxae; (E) mandibles.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<paragraph id="977636EDFFF8FFABFF4CFBA2134FFBAF" blockId="3.[144,1535,1102,1144]" pageId="3" pageNumber="143">
Fig. 2.
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFF8FFABFF03FBA21185FBB7" authorityName="Pinzon and Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2019" box="[211,413,1102,1120]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Aparatermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thornatus">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFF8FFABFF03FBA21185FBB7" box="[211,413,1102,1120]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="143">Aparatermes thornatus</emphasis>
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worker gut: (A) dorsal; (B) lateral right; (C) ventral; (D) lateral lef views.Abbreviations of gut sections: C = crop,EVS = enteric valve seating, M = mesenteron, MT = mesenteric tongue, P1P5 = proctodeal segments.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C3B66665FFF8FFABFF4CF83C147AF835" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11527886" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11527886" box="[156,1122,2000,2018]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11527886/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="143" startId="3.[156,184,2000,2018]" targetBox="[144,1536,1164,1968]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="977636EDFFF8FFABFF4CF83C147AF835" blockId="3.[156,1122,2000,2018]" box="[156,1122,2000,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="143">
Fig. 3.
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFF8FFABFF04F83C115CF835" authorityName="Fontes" authorityYear="1986" box="[212,324,2000,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Aparatermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFF8FFABFF04F83C115CF835" box="[212,324,2000,2018]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="143">Aparatermes</emphasis>
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enteric valve cushions: (A)
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFF8FFABFDE0F83C12B8F835" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[560,672,2000,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Anoplotermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cingulatus">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFF8FFABFDE0F83C12B8F835" box="[560,672,2000,2018]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="143">A. cingulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (B)
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFF8FFABFD17F83C135CF835" baseAuthorityName="Silvestri" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[711,836,2000,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Aparatermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFF8FFABFD17F83C135CF835" box="[711,836,2000,2018]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="143">A. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (C)
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFF8FFABFCBCF83C13D0F835" baseAuthorityName="Emerson" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[876,968,2000,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Aparatermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestrii">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFF8FFABFCBCF83C13D0F835" box="[876,968,2000,2018]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="143">A. silvestrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (D)
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFF8FFABFC22F83C1446F835" authorityName="Pinzon and Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2019" box="[1010,1118,2000,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Aparatermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thornatus">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFF8FFABFC22F83C1446F835" box="[1010,1118,2000,2018]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="143">A. thornatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<typeStatus id="4872884FFFFFFFACFFB0FF2F108DFF0E" box="[96,149,195,217]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">TYPE</typeStatus>
MATERIAL
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</paragraph>
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<typeStatus id="4872884FFFFFFFACFF54FF0210F3FED5" box="[132,235,238,258]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
(worker) colony. Type locality: Francisco de
<collectingRegion id="550DF80FFFFFFFACFD60FF02131EFED5" box="[688,774,238,258]" country="Ecuador" name="Orellana" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Orellana</collectingRegion>
, Parque Nacional Yasuni,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="F2FD502AFFFFFFACFE39FEE7127EFEC8" box="[489,614,267,287]" degrees="76.398000" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" precision="1" value="-76.398">76.398000°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="E377102DFFFFFFACFDA5FEE712CFFEC8" box="[629,727,267,287]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" value="2011-06-02">
<collectingDate id="F333E9C5FFFFFFACFDA5FEE712CFFEC8" box="[629,727,267,287]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" value="2011-06-02">2-VI-2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, col.
<collectorName id="3A3C533BFFFFFFACFFB0FEC510D4FEEA" box="[96,204,297,317]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Scheffrahn</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="3A3C533BFFFFFFACFF03FEC51109FEEA" box="[211,273,297,317]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Chase</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="3A3C533BFFFFFFACFEC7FEC51169FEEA" box="[279,369,297,317]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Mangold</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="3A3C533BFFFFFFACFEA8FEC511A5FEEA" box="[376,445,297,317]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Krecek</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="3A3C533BFFFFFFACFE14FEC5121AFEEA" box="[452,514,297,317]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Myles</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="3A3C533BFFFFFFACFDD8FEC51277FEEA" box="[520,623,297,317]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Nishimura</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="3A3C533BFFFFFFACFDA6FEC512CDFEEA" box="[630,725,297,317]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Setter, EC</collectorName>
1334.
<collectorName id="3A3C533BFFFFFFACFFB0FEAA1061FE8D" box="[96,121,326,346]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">All</collectorName>
the
<typeStatus id="4872884FFFFFFFACFF7BFEAA10CEFE8D" box="[171,214,326,346]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">type</typeStatus>
material will be kept at
<collectorName id="3A3C533BFFFFFFACFE03FEAA1283FE8D" box="[467,667,326,346]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Universidad Distrital</collectorName>
“Francisco Jose de
<collectingRegion id="550DF80FFFFFFFACFF7DFE8F10EBFEA0" box="[173,243,355,375]" country="Colombia" name="Caldas" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Caldas</collectingRegion>
”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977636EDFFFFFFACFF54FE6D1312FE18" blockId="4.[96,778,238,698]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">
<materialsCitation id="27A13CB0FFFFFFACFF54FE6D1312FE18" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4874512303" collectingDate="2011-06-02" collectorName="Scheffrahn &amp; Chase &amp; Mangold &amp; Krecek &amp; Myles &amp; Nishimura &amp; Setter, EC" country="Ecuador" latitude="-76.398" location="Parque Nacional Yasuni" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-0.672" municipality="Francisco" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Orellana" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="EFDE767DFFFFFFACFF54FE6D10F1FE42" box="[132,233,385,405]" name="Ecuador" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
:
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(worker) colony
<collectingMunicipality id="7712AC97FFFFFFACFE3AFE6D125DFE42" box="[490,581,385,405]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Francisco</collectingMunicipality>
de
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1332-EC1334.
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Caño “Los Micos”,
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LS 2013-1137, LS 2013-1573 (Colección Entomológica Forestal Universidad Distrital “
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de
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2018.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFD36566FFFFFFACFFB0FD1D10C5FA97" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" type="description">
<paragraph id="977636EDFFFFFFACFFB0FD1D10E9FCD0" blockId="4.[96,241,753,775]" box="[96,241,753,775]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">
<heading id="CC3E8181FFFFFFACFFB0FD1D10E9FCD0" box="[96,241,753,775]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" reason="9">DESCRIPTION</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977636EDFFFFFFACFF54FCF0129BFB81" blockId="4.[96,777,796,1344]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">
Monomorphic. Head capsule dark orange to reddish brown; fontanelle spot large, lighter, and rather diffuse; spot ofen forming triangular apex with base along postclypeal suture (
<figureCitation id="0FF22A68FFFFFFACFDDCFCBB1257FCBC" box="[524,591,855,875]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[108,136,1979,1997]" captionTargetBox="[96,1488,1082,1946]" captionTargetId="figure-468@2.[96,1488,1081,1946]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Aparatermes thornatus worker:(A) dorsal view of head and fore legs (inset shows coloration and pigment variant); (B) lateral view of head and thorax; (C) lateral view of habitus; (D) ventral view of fore coxae; (E) mandibles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11527880" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11527880/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
inset). Postclypeus strongly inflated; labrum trapezoidal in dorsal view. Antennal articles becoming darker toward apex. Pronotum concolorous with fontanelle spot; posterolateral corners raised. Head and pronotum with numerous long setae interspersed with shorter setae. Foretibia slightly inflated; middle and hind tibia slender. Anterior of fore coxa usually lacking hairs; foretibia with about a dozen stout and a few slender setae along ventral margin. Dentition of mandibles as in
<figureCitation id="0FF22A68FFFFFFACFDCEFBC8127AFBEF" box="[542,610,1060,1080]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[108,136,1979,1997]" captionTargetBox="[96,1488,1082,1946]" captionTargetId="figure-468@2.[96,1488,1081,1946]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Aparatermes thornatus worker:(A) dorsal view of head and fore legs (inset shows coloration and pigment variant); (B) lateral view of head and thorax; (C) lateral view of habitus; (D) ventral view of fore coxae; (E) mandibles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11527880" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11527880/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
. Both mandibles with first marginal tooth projecting beyond apical tooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977636EDFFFFFFACFF54FBB310C5FA97" blockId="4.[96,777,796,1344]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Digestive tube characterized by a rather small crop and voluminous P3. Mesenteron completes a full circle and is terminated by a short and thick mesenteral tongue. Proctodeal segment 1 is even in diameter along its 180° course; enteric valve seating trilobed. Enteric valve composed of 6 cushions each bearing thorn-like spines near their anterior bases; remainder of cushions covered with scale-like reticulations; cushions vary in size with the longest cushion furthest removed from the shortest.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFD36566FFFFFFACFFB0FA9110ECFA0D" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="977636EDFFFFFFACFFB0FA9110F1FA44" blockId="4.[96,233,1405,1427]" box="[96,233,1405,1427]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">
<heading id="CC3E8181FFFFFFACFFB0FA9110F1FA44" box="[96,233,1405,1427]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" reason="9">ETYMOLOGY</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977636EDFFFFFFACFF54FA4410ECFA0D" blockId="4.[96,776,1448,1498]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">The specific name refers to the 6 thorn-like spines on the enteric valve cushions.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFD36566FFFFFFACFFB0F9E11555FE50" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="977636EDFFFFFFACFFB0F9E1111AF9F4" blockId="4.[96,258,1549,1571]" box="[96,258,1549,1571]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">
<heading id="CC3E8181FFFFFFACFFB0F9E1111AF9F4" box="[96,258,1549,1571]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" reason="9">COMPARISONS</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977636EDFFFFFFACFF54F9D411D9F883" blockId="4.[96,777,1592,1876]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFFFFFACFF54F9D4117EF99B" authorityName="Pinzon and Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2019" box="[132,358,1592,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Aparatermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thornatus">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFFFFFACFF54F9D4117EF99B" box="[132,358,1592,1612]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Aparatermes thornatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
workers fit
<bibRefCitation id="F3584B1CFFFFFFACFE07F9D41244F99B" author="Fontes R." box="[471,604,1592,1612]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" pagination="285 - 297" refId="ref3496" refString="Fontes R. 1986. Two new genera of soldierless Apicotermitinae from the Neo- tropical region. Sociobiology 12: 285 - 297." type="journal article" year="1986">Fontes (1986)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="F3584B1CFFFFFFACFD5BF9D410CEF9BE" author="Bourguignon T &amp; Scheffrahn RH &amp; Krecek J &amp; Nagy ZT &amp; Sonet G &amp; Roisin Y." pageId="4" pageNumber="144" pagination="357 - 370" refId="ref3114" refString="Bourguignon T, Scheffrahn RH, Krecek J, Nagy ZT, Sonet G, Roisin Y. 2010. To- wards a revision of the Neotropical soldierless termites (Isoptera: Termiti- dae): redescription of the genus Anoplotermes and description of Longusti- termes, gen. nov. Invertebrate Systematics 24: 357 - 370." type="journal article" year="2010">Bourguignon et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
generic description; however, several characters are very distinct from its 3 congeners. Of the 4
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFFFFFACFE33F99F12ABF950" box="[483,691,1651,1671]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFFFFFACFE33F99F1279F950" box="[483,609,1651,1671]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Aparatermes</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFFFFFACFD6DF99F108EF973" authorityName="Pinzon and Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Aparatermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thornatus">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFFFFFACFD6DF99F108EF973" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">A. thornatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the smallest. The head capsule coloration of
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFFFFFACFDA4F97C131AF973" baseAuthorityName="Silvestri" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[628,770,1680,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Aparatermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFFFFFACFDA4F97C131AF973" box="[628,770,1680,1700]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">A. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFFFFFACFFB0F94110C7F916" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[96,223,1709,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Anoplotermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cingulatus">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFFFFFACFFB0F94110C7F916" box="[96,223,1709,1729]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">A. cingulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFFFFFACFEC6F9411198F916" baseAuthorityName="Emerson" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[278,384,1709,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Aparatermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestrii">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFFFFFACFEC6F9411198F916" box="[278,384,1709,1729]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">A. silvestrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ranges from pale yellow to light orange (
<bibRefCitation id="F3584B1CFFFFFFACFFB5F92710F8F908" author="Fontes R." box="[101,224,1739,1759]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" pagination="285 - 297" refId="ref3496" refString="Fontes R. 1986. Two new genera of soldierless Apicotermitinae from the Neo- tropical region. Sociobiology 12: 285 - 297." type="journal article" year="1986">Fontes 1986</bibRefCitation>
) whereas that of
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFFFFFACFE59F9271219F908" authorityName="Pinzon and Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2019" box="[393,513,1739,1759]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Aparatermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thornatus">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFFFFFACFE59F9271219F908" box="[393,513,1739,1759]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">A. thornatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is strongly reddish in color. Another diagnostic character to separate
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFFFFFACFE25F9041276F92B" authorityName="Pinzon and Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2019" box="[501,622,1768,1788]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Aparatermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thornatus">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFFFFFACFE25F9041276F92B" box="[501,622,1768,1788]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">A. thornatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from its congeners is that all of its enteric valve scaly cushions are thorn-adorned, whereas the other species vary in their thorn number (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFFFFFACFD71F8CF1176F883" authority="Bourguignon et al. 2013" authorityName="Bourguignon" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Anoplotermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cingulatus">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFFFFFACFD71F8CF1066F883" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">A. cingulatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F3584B1CFFFFFFACFF53F8AC1176F883" author="Bourguignon T &amp; Sobotnik J &amp; Hanus R &amp; Krasulova J &amp; Vrkoslav V &amp; CvaCka J &amp; Roisin Y." box="[131,366,1856,1876]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" pagination="694 - 703" refId="ref3274" refString="Bourguignon T, Sobotnik J, Hanus R, Krasulova J, Vrkoslav V, CvaCka J, Roisin Y. 2013. Delineating species boundaries using an iterative taxonomic ap- proach: the case of soldierless termites (Isoptera, Termitidae, Apicotermi- tinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 69: 694 - 703." type="journal article" year="2013">Bourguignon et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="0FF22A68FFFFFFACFEAEF8AC11AEF883" box="[382,438,1856,1876]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[156,184,2000,2018]" captionTargetBox="[144,1536,1164,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-50@3.[144,1536,1164,1968]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Aparatermes enteric valve cushions: (A) A. cingulatus; (B) A. abbreviatus; (C) A. silvestrii; (D) A. thornatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11527886" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11527886/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977636EDFFFFFFACFFB0F869114CF84C" blockId="4.[96,340,1925,1947]" box="[96,340,1925,1947]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">
<heading id="CC3E8181FFFFFFACFFB0F869114CF84C" box="[96,340,1925,1947]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" reason="9">MOLECULAR ANALYSIS</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977636EDFFFFFFACFF54F85C1555FE50" blockId="4.[96,776,1968,2017]" lastBlockId="4.[808,1488,195,391]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">
The phylogenetic tree (
<figureCitation id="0FF22A68FFFFFFACFEB3F85C1180F813" box="[355,408,1968,1988]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[156,184,1524,1542]" captionTargetBox="[144,1526,201,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-295@5.[144,1536,192,1495]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Bayesian phylogeny of all described soldierless New World genera using the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase subunit 1 COI barcode gene showing pos- terior probabilities. Tree rooted on terminal Heterotermes crinitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11527890" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11527890/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) recovered the genus
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFFFFFACFDBFF85C12F5F813" authorityName="Fontes" authorityYear="1986" box="[623,749,1968,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Aparatermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFFFFFACFDBFF85C12F5F813" box="[623,749,1968,1988]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Aparatermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as paraphyletic, with the species
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFFFFFACFE5DF8211214F836" box="[397,524,1997,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Anoplotermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cingulatus">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFFFFFACFE5DF8211214F836" box="[397,524,1997,2017]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">A. cingulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFFFFFACFDEFF82112D5F836" baseAuthorityName="Silvestri" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[575,717,1997,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Aparatermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFFFFFACFDEFF82112D5F836" box="[575,717,1997,2017]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">A. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
more closely related to
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFFFFFACFC36FF2F1465FF00" authorityName="Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2013" box="[998,1149,195,215]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Compositermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFFFFFACFC36FF2F1465FF00" box="[998,1149,195,215]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Compositermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFFFFFACFB5DFF2F150AFF00" authorityName="Fontes" authorityYear="1986" box="[1165,1298,195,215]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Tetimatermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFFFFFACFB5DFF2F150AFF00" box="[1165,1298,195,215]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Tetimatermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFFFFFACFA84FF2F15D2FF00" baseAuthorityName="Araujo" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[1364,1482,195,215]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Ruptitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFFFFFACFA84FF2F15D2FF00" box="[1364,1482,195,215]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Ruptitermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFFFFFACFCF8FF0C1415FF23" authorityName="Pinzon and Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2019" box="[808,1037,224,244]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Aparatermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thornatus">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFFFFFACFCF8FF0C1415FF23" box="[808,1037,224,244]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Aparatermes thornatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recovered as a sister group of
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFFFFFACFAA2FF0C1323FEC6" baseAuthorityName="Emerson" baseAuthorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Aparatermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestrii">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFFFFFACFAA2FF0C1323FEC6" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">A. silvestrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The sample
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFFFFFACFC6EFF11146EFEC6" box="[958,1142,253,273]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Aparatermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFFFFFACFC6EFF111424FEC6" box="[958,1084,253,273]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Aparatermes</emphasis>
sp. A
</taxonomicName>
, of
<bibRefCitation id="F3584B1CFFFFFFACFB49FF1115BAFEC6" author="Bourguignon T &amp; Scheffrahn RH &amp; Nagy ZT &amp; Sonet G &amp; Host B &amp; Roisin Y." box="[1177,1442,253,273]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" pagination="15 - 35" refId="ref3173" refString="Bourguignon T, Scheffrahn RH, Nagy ZT, Sonet G, Host B, Roisin Y. 2016 a. To- wards a revision of the Neotropical soldierless termites (Isoptera: Termi- tidae): redescription of the genus Grigiotermes Mathews and description of five new genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176: 15 - 35." type="journal article" year="2016">Bourguignon et al. (2016a)</bibRefCitation>
, was clustered within the 2 samples of
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFFFFFACFBA7FEF714E9FEF8" authorityName="Pinzon and Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2019" box="[1143,1265,283,303]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Aparatermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thornatus">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFFFFFACFBA7FEF714E9FEF8" box="[1143,1265,283,303]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">A. thornatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, suggesting that these samples belong to the new species described herein. A BLAST search of the COI sequence from
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFFFFFACFBDFFEB91491FEBE" authorityName="Pinzon and Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2019" box="[1039,1161,341,361]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Aparatermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thornatus">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFFFFFACFBDFFEB91491FEBE" box="[1039,1161,341,361]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">A. thornatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also gives a 97% similarity match with the sample reported by
<bibRefCitation id="F3584B1CFFFFFFACFB92FE9F1551FE50" author="Bourguignon T &amp; Scheffrahn RH &amp; Nagy ZT &amp; Sonet G &amp; Host B &amp; Roisin Y." box="[1090,1353,371,391]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" pagination="15 - 35" refId="ref3173" refString="Bourguignon T, Scheffrahn RH, Nagy ZT, Sonet G, Host B, Roisin Y. 2016 a. To- wards a revision of the Neotropical soldierless termites (Isoptera: Termi- tidae): redescription of the genus Grigiotermes Mathews and description of five new genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176: 15 - 35." type="journal article" year="2016">Bourguignon et al. (2016a)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFD36566FFFFFFACFCF8FE5414E2FD36" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="977636EDFFFFFFACFCF8FE54147FFE19" blockId="4.[808,1127,440,462]" box="[808,1127,440,462]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">
<heading id="CC3E8181FFFFFFACFCF8FE54147FFE19" box="[808,1127,440,462]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" reason="9">ECOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977636EDFFFFFFACFC9CFE0F14E2FD36" blockId="4.[808,1489,483,737]" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">
There are no behavioral notes of
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFFFFFACFB57FE0F14E5FE20" authorityName="Pinzon and Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2019" box="[1159,1277,483,503]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Aparatermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thornatus">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFFFFFACFB57FE0F14E5FE20" box="[1159,1277,483,503]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">A. thornatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
when collected; however, its flocculent gut contents suggest that they feed on rather rich organic debris. Their darker color suggests that
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFFFFFACFB1FFDF1155CFDE6" authorityName="Pinzon and Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2019" box="[1231,1348,541,561]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Aparatermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thornatus">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFFFFFACFB1FFDF1155CFDE6" box="[1231,1348,541,561]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">A. thornatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
workers might forage in the open as do species of
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFFFFFACFB52FDD714EEFD98" baseAuthorityName="Araujo" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[1154,1270,571,591]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Ruptitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFFFFFACFB52FDD714EEFD98" box="[1154,1270,571,591]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Ruptitermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The distribution of
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFFFFFACFA6CFDD7139DFDBB" authorityName="Pinzon and Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Aparatermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thornatus">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFFFFFACFA6CFDD7139DFDBB" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">A. thornatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently known from northern Amazonia into
<collectingCountry id="EFDE767DFFFFFFACFA89FDB41375FD5E" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="0FF22A68FFFFFFACFCA7FD9913B5FD5E" box="[887,941,629,649]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[820,848,1979,1997]" captionTargetBox="[812,1485,998,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-693@4.[808,1488,994,1950]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Distribution of Aparatermes from University of Florida Termite Collection records." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11527888" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11527888/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFFFFFACFC6BFD991490FD5E" baseAuthorityName="Emerson" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[955,1160,629,649]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Aparatermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestrii">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFFFFFACFC6BFD991490FD5E" box="[955,1160,629,649]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Aparatermes silvestrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the broadest distribution from
<collectingCountry id="EFDE767DFFFFFFACFCF8FD7F13FEFD70" box="[808,998,659,679]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
south to central
<collectingCountry id="EFDE767DFFFFFFACFB51FD7F14C2FD70" box="[1153,1242,659,679]" name="Paraguay" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFFFFFACFB30FD7F15C8FD70" baseAuthorityName="Silvestri" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[1248,1488,659,679]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Aparatermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFFFFFACFB30FD7F1544FD70" box="[1248,1372,659,679]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Aparatermes</emphasis>
abbreviatus
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="50C94D6EFFFFFFACFC80FD5C13D2FD13" box="[848,970,688,708]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Anoplotermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cingulatus">
<emphasis id="A5BDEAFFFFFFFFACFC80FD5C13D2FD13" box="[848,970,688,708]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">A. cingulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
straddle southern Amazonia to the north and extend in the drier regions southward to central
<collectingCountry id="EFDE767DFFFFFFACFB46FD2114EFFD36" box="[1174,1271,717,737]" name="Argentina" pageId="4" pageNumber="144">Argentina</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>