442 lines
38 KiB
XML
442 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.784.27296" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d1e3a2e5-ba9d-4dbb-be1c-c12899750e83" ID-PMC="PMC6160820" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-784-95" ID-PubMed="30279632" ID-ZBK="3436AC4AC7DD421C838E0F4FFE74152B" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-784-95" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 784" ModsDocTitle="Stigmellamultispicata Rociene. & Stonis, an Asian leafminer on Siberian elm, now widespread in eastern North America (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae)" checkinTime="1536774126142" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Gilrein, Daniel Owen & Eiseman, Charles S." docDate="2018" docId="0E94AD0EA982C7F82B0311C4D3AF6E83" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 784: 95-125" docOrigin="ZooKeys 784" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.784.27296" docTitle="Stigmella ulmivora Beirne" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="95" masterDocId="FFA7FFD476402361D3299155FF8CD677" masterDocTitle="Stigmellamultispicata Rociene. & Stonis, an Asian leafminer on Siberian elm, now widespread in eastern North America (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae)" masterLastPageNumber="125" masterPageNumber="95" pageNumber="95" updateTime="1668166209519" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Stigmellamultispicata Rociene. & Stonis, an Asian leafminer on Siberian elm, now widespread in eastern North America (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nieukerken, Erik J. van</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gilrein, Daniel Owen</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Eiseman, Charles S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>784</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>95</mods:start>
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<mods:end>125</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.784.27296</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.784.27296</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-784-95</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">3436AC4AC7DD421C838E0F4FFE74152B</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3436AC4AC7DD421C838E0F4FFE74152B</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="147598527" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E94AD0EA982C7F82B0311C4D3AF6E83" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E94AD0EA982C7F82B0311C4D3AF6E83" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName authority="(Fologne) Beirne" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella ulmivora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ulmivora">Stigmella ulmivora (Fologne) Beirne</taxonomicName>
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Figures 3, 4, 10, 11, 13, 15, 17, 27, 30-33
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Nepticula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nepticula ulmivora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ulmivora">Nepticula ulmivora</taxonomicName>
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Fologne, 1860: 199. Syntypes, Belgium, Brussels region, reared from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ulmus</taxonomicName>
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, 1859, emerged 1860, Fologne [probably lost].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella ulmivora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ulmivora">Stigmella ulmivora</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Beirne, BP" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Section B" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" pagination="191 - 218" title="The male genitalia of the British Stigmellidae (Nepticulidae) (Lep.)." url="http://www.jstor.org/pss/20490833" volume="50" year="1945">Beirne 1945</bibRefCitation>
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: 199 [recombination]; van
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<bibRefCitation author="Nieukerken, EJ van" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" pagination="65 - 246" title="Revised classification and catalogue of global Nepticulidae and Opostegidae (Lepidoptera: Nepticuloidea)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9799" volume="628" year="2016">Nieukerken et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
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: 105 [full synonymy].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella ulmivora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ulmivora">Stigmella ulmivora</taxonomicName>
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can be separated from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. multispicata" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="multispicata">S. multispicata</taxonomicName>
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by the slightly larger size, the dark collar, and the antennae with the terminal 7-8 flagellomeres white. In Europe and North America there are no other
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stigmella</taxonomicName>
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species with the same combination of characters. The male genitalia are very similar to those of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. multispicata" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="multispicata">S. multispicata</taxonomicName>
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, but have a deeper indentation in the uncus, and longer and more distinct sublateral processes of the transtilla. The female differs by the blunt ovipositor and the spiny ductus spermathecae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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Leafmines differ from those of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. multispicata" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="multispicata">S. multispicata</taxonomicName>
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by the egg position not being in vein axils; in Europe mines are inseparable from those of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ulmiphaga" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="ulmiphaga">S. ulmiphaga</taxonomicName>
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(Preissecker, 1942). Due to the variability of mines of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ulmivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="ulmivora">S. ulmivora</taxonomicName>
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, they sometimes are difficult to separate from those of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. lemniscella" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="lemniscella">S. lemniscella</taxonomicName>
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(Zeller, 1839), from which the yellow larva emerges through the leaf upper side, not the underside as in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ulmivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="ulmivora">S. ulmivora</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="redescription">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Redescription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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Male (Figure 3). Forewing length 2.1-2.5 mm (2.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.1, 10), wingspan 4.6-5.2 mm. Head: frontal tuft black, collar cream white. Scape cream white. Antenna fuscous, terminal 7-8 flagellomeres completely white, with 25-29 segments (26.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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1.6, 10), ratio to forewing length 10-13 segments/mm (11.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.9, 10). Thorax and forewing shining fuscous bronze, a silver fascia at 2/3, apex darker fuscous, terminal cilia concolorous, underside dark fuscous. Hindwing grey-brown. Abdomen brown, no visible anal tufts.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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Female (Figure 4). Forewing length 1.9-2.6 mm (2.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.2, 10), wingspan 4.2-5.4 mm. Antenna with 19-23 segments (21.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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1.2, 8), ratio to forewing length 8-11 segments/mm (9.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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1.0, 8). Otherwise as male, abdomen with conspicuous long protruding ovipositor, with small anal tufts.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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Male genitalia (Figs 10, 11, 13). Capsule length 190-210
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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(203.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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10.2, 4), ca 0.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide. Vinculum anteriorly with pointed and anteriorly protruding lateral corners. Uncus distinctly bilobed, lobes adjacent. Gnathos with widely separated posterior processes, running parallel. Valva length 180-185
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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(182.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.7, 4), rather narrow, 2.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–2.4×">-2.4x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide, distally becoming narrower, slightly curved inwards, transtilla with pointed distinct sublateral processes (Figure 13). Juxta present, haltere-shaped. Phallus 275-440
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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(351.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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68.4, 4), 2.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–3.3×">-3.3x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide; vesica with many relatively stout cornuti, varying from long and pointed to broadly triangular, with anterior cornuti smaller.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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Female genitalia (Figs 15, 17). No anal papillae; T8 rounded, not elongated, anterior and posterior apophyses short, almost equal in length, anterior ones ca 170-210
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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, posterior ca 185-200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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. Bursa length ca 770-930
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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; accessory sac strongly curved. Corpus bursae completely covered with relatively distinct pectinations; accessory sac and vestibulum without sclerotizations. Ductus spermathecae originating from accessory sac, basally wide and covered with many spines, with several narrow and indistinct convolutions.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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Larva (Figs 27, 32). Head-capsule (n=2) length 300-310
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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, width 300-315
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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Host plants.
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus minor" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minor">Ulmus minor</taxonomicName>
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Mill.,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. glabra" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="glabra">U. glabra</taxonomicName>
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Huds.,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ulmus</taxonomicName>
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spp. (
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<taxonomicName family="Ulmaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="family">Ulmaceae</taxonomicName>
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). Reared specimens labeled as coming from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Acer</taxonomicName>
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were from cocoons found on trunks of that tree; therefore this cannot be considered a host record.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName genus="Leafmine" lsidName="Leafmine" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="genus">Leafmine</taxonomicName>
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(Figs 30-33). Egg on leaf underside, against a vein. Mine a highly variable gallery, ranging from short and filled with dense frass in thick leaves (usually in the sun) to long and narrow, often partially following a vein, with frass either linear or becoming contorted, mines sometimes much winding. Larval exit on leaf underside.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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Figures 30-33.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella ulmivora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ulmivora">Stigmella ulmivora</taxonomicName>
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, leafmines and larvae on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus minor" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minor">Ulmus minor</taxonomicName>
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, Greece. 30-32 Akhaia, Strofilia, 4.xi.2011, larva RMNH.INS.29046 33
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ilía">Ilia</normalizedToken>
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, Olympia, 5.xi.2011. Scale bars: 5 mm. Photographs E.J. van Nieukerken.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Larva (Figure 32). Bright green, feeding with venter upwards; head capsule translucent brown. Larvae descending by silken threads, spinning a brown cocoon on debris or on tree trunks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Life history. Bivoltine, or possibly partially univoltine in northern parts of Europe. Larvae in June to early July, again in August to November. Adults recorded from May (a single April record) to early July and again in August.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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Widespread throughout Europe, east to the Volga region in Russia (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Johansson and Nielsen 1990</bibRefCitation>
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, van
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<bibRefCitation author="Nieukerken, EJ van" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Scandinavica" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" url="https://fauna-eu.org" year="2017">Nieukerken 2017</bibRefCitation>
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). The species occurs both in natural habitats and on trees in cities, often in large numbers (EJvN, personal observations).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="dna barcodes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">DNA barcodes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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We have 13 barcodes from across Europe, all belonging to BINBOLD:AAI0023, with some variation, a maximum distance for the Greek barcodes of 2.41% to the rest. The nearest neighbor, at 6.31%, is
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella multispicata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multispicata">Stigmella multispicata</taxonomicName>
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(Figure 44).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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Adults: 25♂, 50♀. Croatia: 1♂, Krk, Kampelje, 17.viii.2001; 1♀, Krk, Mt. Hlam, loc. Branusine, 15.viii.2012. Germany: 1♀, Berlin; 1♂,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Thüringen">Thueringen</normalizedToken>
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, Bad Blankenburg, Muschelkalk, 1.vii.1986; 1♀,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Thüringen">Thueringen</normalizedToken>
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, Bad Blankenburg, Schwarzatal, 5.vii.1986. Italy: 1♂, Cuneo, Entracque, ca 1 km SE, Il Bosco, 16.viii.2007, la on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ulmus</taxonomicName>
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; 1♂, 1♀, same locality, 13.x.2008, la on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ulmus</taxonomicName>
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; 1♀, Latina, Monti Aurunci, 4 km NW Castelforte, 22-23.vi.1969. Netherlands: 2♂, 2♀, Gelderland, Wageningen,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ulmus</taxonomicName>
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, e.l. 19.v.1977; 1♀, ibidem, larva x.1989,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ulmus</taxonomicName>
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; 2♂, 3♀, Noord-Brabant, Breda, v.1877; 1♀, ibidem, e.l. 10.vi.1877, "acer pseudop."; 2♂, 1♀, ibidem, e.l. 25.vi.; 1♀, 3 damaged adults, ibidem, v.1878; 1♀, Noord-Holland, Amsterdam, 2.viii.1937; 1♂, Noord-Holland, Amsterdam, Koloniaal instituut, 7.viii.1937; 1♀, Noord-Holland, Amsterdam,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ulmus</taxonomicName>
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, e.p. 30.vi.1929; 1♀, ibidem,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ulmus</taxonomicName>
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e.l. 27.iv.1942; 5♀, ibidem,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ulmus</taxonomicName>
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e.l. 29.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="vii–">vii-</normalizedToken>
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2.viii.1943; 1♀, Noord-Holland, Amsterdam N.W.,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ulmus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 16.viii.1942; 1♂, 4♀, ibidem,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ulmus</taxonomicName>
|
||
e.l. 2-14.viii.1947; 1♀, ibidem,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ulmus</taxonomicName>
|
||
e.l. 6.vi.1948; 1♀, ibidem,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ulmus</taxonomicName>
|
||
e.l. 11.vi.1948; 1♀, Noord-Holland, Bussum, 16.iv.1934; 1♂, Noord-Holland, Castricum, 15.viii.1979,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ulmus</taxonomicName>
|
||
e.l. 13.vi.1980; 6♂, 9♀, Noord-Holland, Hilversum,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ulmus</taxonomicName>
|
||
e.l. 4-24.vi.1943; 4♀, ibidem,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ulmus</taxonomicName>
|
||
e.l. 17.v.-6.vi.1945; 1♀, Noord-Holland, Overveen, 7.vi.1929; 1♂, ibidem, 1.vii.1929; 2♀, Zuid-Holland, Den Haag,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ulmus</taxonomicName>
|
||
e.l. 9.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="v–">v-</normalizedToken>
|
||
10.vi.1865; 1♀, Zuid-Holland, s Gravenhage, 29.v; 1♀, Zuid-Holland, Lexmond, 3.viii.1999; 1♂, Zuid-Holland, Rottm. [Rotterdam], e.p. 22.vi.1901; 1♂, ibidem, e.l. 24.vi.1864; 1♂, ibidem, e.l. 13.vii. 1870; 1♂, ibidem, 21.vi.1877; 1♀, ibidem, pupa in iv, e.p. 21.vii.1879; 1♀, ibidem, 27.v.1877. Poland: 1♂, Silesia, Wroclaw (Breslau), e.l. iii.1882.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
Leafmines and larvae. When no hostplant is given, read
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ulmus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. - Czech Republic: 1 mine, Moravia, Lednice, 3 km SW, forest near lake, 3.x.1992. France: 4 larvae, vacated mines, Alpes-Maritimes, Saorge, 0.8 km SW,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="vallée">vallee</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Roya, 9.x.2008,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. minor" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="minor">U. minor</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 1 vacated mine, Alpes-Maritimes, Tende, ca 1 km S, E. slope, 10.x.2008,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. glabra" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="glabra">U. glabra</taxonomicName>
|
||
; mines,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouches-du-Rhône">Bouches-du-Rhone</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Aix-en-Provence, Parc Jourdan, 12-16.x.1983; several vacated mines, Cher, Villeneuve-sur-Cher, 30.vii.2009,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. minor" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="minor">U. minor</taxonomicName>
|
||
; vacated mines,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Drôme">Drome</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Beaurières">Beaurieres</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 4 km W: Marais des Boulignons, 21.viii.2002; 1 vacated mine, Eure, Le Marais Vernier, la
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vallée">Vallee</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 5.x.2017; 2 vacated mines,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Finistère">Finistere</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Presqu’île">Presqu'ile</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Crozon, ca 4 km E Crozon,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Aber">l'Aber</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 12.vii.2006; 1 vacated mine, Haut-Rhin, Colmar, 3 km SW, Le Neuland, 26.ix.2002; 1 larva, 4 mines, Haut-Rhin, Lapoutroie, La Bohle, 21.x.2002,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. glabra" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="glabra">U. glabra</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 3 vacated mines, Indre-et-Loire, Huismes, N of Contebault, along C17, 8.x.2017; several vacated mines,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lozère">Lozere</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Marjoab, 2.5 km SW Meyrueis, 22.vii.2009,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. minor" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="minor">U. minor</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 3 vacated mines,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lozère">Lozere</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Barre-des-Cévennes">Barre-des-Cevennes</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 26.vii.2009,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. minor" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="minor">U. minor</taxonomicName>
|
||
; vacated mines,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrenees-Orientales</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Port-Vendres, near railway station, 28.vii.1982. Germany: 1 vacated mine, Brandenburg, Erkner, 9-11.ix.2007; several vacated mines, Saarland, Neunkirchen, Zoo, 30.ix.2004; 1 vacated mine, Sachsen-Anhalt, Dornburg, 2 km S, along Elbe, 19.vii.2014. Greece: 2 larvae, many mines, Akhaia, Strofilia, S Kalogria, 4.xi.2011,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. minor" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="minor">U. minor</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 6 larvae, several mines,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ilía">Ilia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Olympia, archeological site, 5.xi.2011,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. minor" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="minor">U. minor</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Italy: 1 vacated mine, Bolzano, Vinschgau, Prad an Stilfser Joch, Suldenbach banks, 27.vii.2005; 1 larva, many mines, Cuneo, Entracque, ca 1 km SE, Il Bosco, 16.viii.2007; several mines, Cuneo, Entracque, ca 1 km SE, Il Bosco, 13.x.2008; 3 vacated mines, Roma, Trevignano Romano, 17.ix.2005. Monaco: 3 vacated mines, Monaco Ville, E slope of Palais Principier, 9.viii.2007. Netherlands: mines, Gelderland, Winterswijk, Bekendelle, along Slinge, 1.x.1979; 1 larva, mines, Gelderland, Nijmegen, Winkelsteeg, 11.x.2008; mines, Limburg, Eys, railway near Piepert, 11.ix.1979; mines, Limburg, Thorn, klooster Bethanien, 24.ix.1979; mines, Limburg, Gulpen, NW, holle weg, 8.x.1979; 1 mine, Limburg, Thorn: Baarstraat, 3.x.1988; mines, Noord-Holland, Castricum, hedge along road, 15.viii.1979; mines, Noord-Holland, Castricum, hedge along road, 15.viii.1979; mines, Noord-Holland, Amstelveen, Beneluxbaan, median reserve, 21.ix.1979; several vacated mines, Overijssel, Weerribben, Ossenzijl, Venebosch, 27.viii.2011; several vacated mines, Zeeland, Middelburg N., Brigdamseweg, 2.viii.2009; 1 larva, 1 mine, Zuid-Holland, Den Haag, Waalsdorpervlakte, 7.x.2007; mines, Zuid-Holland, Leiden W, experimental garden University, 5.vii.1979; mines, ibidem, 5.ix.1979; mines, Zuid-Holland, Wassenaar, Meijendel, near Kijfhoek, 18.ix.1979; 1 larva, Zuid-Holland, Oegstgeest, Rhijngeest, 23.ix.1997. Portugal: 1 mine, Tras-os-Montes, PN Montesinho, Salgueiros, Vallone das Furnas, 8 km N Vinhais, 30.vii.2001. Romania: a few vacated mines, Brasov,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brașov">Brașov</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Mt.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tâmpa">Tampa</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 2.viii.2011. Sweden: several vacated mines, Bohuslan, Svenneby,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Valön">Valoen</normalizedToken>
|
||
Nature Reserve, 7.viii.2008.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="north american ulmus leafminers">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
North American
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ulmus</taxonomicName>
|
||
leafminers
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
Previously only two
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Nepticulidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="family">Nepticulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
were known to feed on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ulmus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in North America:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella apicialbella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicialbella">Stigmella apicialbella</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Chambers, 1873) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ectoedemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ectoedemia ulmella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ulmella">Ectoedemia ulmella</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Braun, 1912). This is a much poorer fauna than the seven European species (van
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nieukerken, EJ van" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Scandinavica" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" pagination="1 - 27" title="A provisional phylogenetic check-list of the western Palaearctic Nepticulidae, with data on hostplants (Lepidoptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/187631286X00099" volume="17" year="1986">Nieukerken 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Puplesis, R" journalOrPublisher="Backhuys Publishers, Leiden" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" title="The Nepticulidae of eastern Europe and Asia. Western, central and eastern parts." year="1994">Puplesis 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and in Asia the number is probably still higher, but for several species that are potentially
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ulmus</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeders the hosts are as yet unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
Identification of the North American
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Nepticulidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="family">Nepticulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
mines and adults reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ulmus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is straightforward. For convenience we provide a key that distinguishes these from other insects that form partially or entirely linear mines. Primary blotch mines on elm are formed by additional species of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Coleophoridae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="family">Coleophoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coleophoridae" genus="Coleophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coleophora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Coleophora</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Gracillariidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="family">Gracillariidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Cameraria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cameraria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cameraria</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllonorycter" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phyllonorycter</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Buprestidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="family">Buprestidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" genus="Brachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Brachys</taxonomicName>
|
||
; possibly also
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Curculionidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="family">Curculionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tachygonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tachygonus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tachygonus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="family">Tenthredinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Fenusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fenusa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Fenusa</taxonomicName>
|
||
). For a complete key, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Eiseman (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="key to north american ulmus (linear) leafmines">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
Key to North American
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ulmus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(linear) leafmines
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Orchestes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orchestes</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Curculionidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="family">Curculionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Agromyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agromyza aristata" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aristata">Agromyza aristata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Malloch, 1915
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Agromyzidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="family">Agromyzidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bucculatricidae" genus="Bucculatrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bucculatrix" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bucculatrix</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Bucculatricidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="family">Bucculatricidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bucculatricidae" genus="Bucculatrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bucculatrix eclecta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eclecta">Bucculatrix eclecta</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Braun, AF" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" pagination="1 - 208" title="The genus Bucculatrix in America north of Mexico (Microlepidoptera)." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/118941" volume="18" year="1963">Braun 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus alata" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alata">Ulmus alata</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. pumila" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="pumila">U. pumila</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">40-43</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ectoedemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ectoedemia ulmella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ulmella">Ectoedemia ulmella</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Nepticulidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="family">Nepticulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">36-39</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella apicialbella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicialbella">Stigmella apicialbella</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">19-22</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella multispicata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multispicata">Stigmella multispicata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |