treatments-xml/data/03/9A/02/039A0252A46CFFE4FCBAF98B67B8CD78.xml

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<mods:title id="9E30B5D48B1E3451D2A81D05340D7ED2">Description of the larva of Brachygonia oculata (Brauer, 1878) (Odonata Libellulidae) with notes on rearing technique</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="227216B5390A2726BFC209EEE9B57BAC">Chan, Juliana P. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CE6E2543ACF77DEE86AC1C87A7ABF09C">Khoo, Max D. Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F18603C34932C81AB38F7F32D0DA5024">Low, Bing Wen</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8B8CB344A46CFFE3FCBAF98B6240CA48" blockId="1.[151,1069,1555,1581]" box="[151,1069,1555,1581]" pageId="1" pageNumber="564">
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A46CFFE3FCBAF98B645DCA48" ID-CoL="MWJK" authority="(Brauer, 1878)" baseAuthorityName="Brauer" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[151,560,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Brachygonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="1" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculata">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A46CFFE3FCBAF98B67EECA48" box="[151,387,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="564">Brachygonia oculata</emphasis>
(Brauer, 1878)
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. Description of last instar larva. Figs. (1 to 4)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8CB344A46CFFE3FCBAF9C36695CA10" blockId="1.[151,1436,1627,1725]" box="[151,248,1627,1653]" pageId="1" pageNumber="564">General:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8CB344A46CFFE3FCEAF9E76454CAD8" blockId="1.[151,1436,1627,1725]" pageId="1" pageNumber="564">
Very small, overall dark brown with long dark banded legs. Head with prominent bulging eyes and dark banded antennae. Abdomen oviform (
<figureCitation id="1308AFC1A46CFFE3FDCBF93B644ACAD8" box="[486,551,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[192,1395,219,1591]" captionTargetId="figure-21@2.[177,1411,179,1619]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Brachygonia oculata F-0 larva, habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4745369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4745369/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="564">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8CB344A46CFFE3FCBAF97C66B6CA9B" blockId="1.[151,1437,1764,2043]" box="[151,219,1764,1790]" pageId="1" pageNumber="564">Head:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8CB344A46CFFE3FCEAF8906348CB9F" blockId="1.[151,1437,1764,2043]" pageId="1" pageNumber="564">
Wider than long, somewhat pentangular. Eyes sloping rearwards. Long setae present on the posterior portion of occiput especially along occipital corner. A tuft of fine black setae on the postfrons centrally. Antennae sevensegmented with dark bands. Labium scoop-shaped (
<figureCitation id="1308AFC1A46CFFE3FEF7F8C86559CB0F" box="[730,820,1872,1898]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1348,1372]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,797,1343]" captionTargetId="figure-227@3.[151,1436,797,1324]" captionText="FIGURE 2A. Labium dorsal view FIGURE 2B. Prementum dorsal view" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4792420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4792420/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="564">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Prementum triangular (
<figureCitation id="1308AFC1A46CFFE3F867F8C862F3CB0F" box="[1098,1182,1872,1898]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1348,1372]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,797,1343]" captionTargetId="figure-227@3.[151,1436,797,1324]" captionText="FIGURE 2A. Labium dorsal view FIGURE 2B. Prementum dorsal view" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4792420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4792420/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="564">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
and 4A). A row of six long primary premental setae and four short secondary premental setae on either side of prementum. 12 to 14 short bristle-like setae present along the distal margin of prementum. Ligula pointed. Labial palps sub-triangular (
<figureCitation id="1308AFC1A46CFFE3F914F80063FDCBD7" box="[1337,1424,1944,1970]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1348,1372]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,797,1343]" captionTargetId="figure-227@3.[151,1436,797,1324]" captionText="FIGURE 2A. Labium dorsal view FIGURE 2B. Prementum dorsal view" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4792420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4792420/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="564">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). Eight long palpal setae along dorsal rim. Moveable hook slender and as long as palpal setae. Six palpal crenations, each with one long palpal seta and one or two shorter setae. 10 to 12 setae along proximal margin of labial palp.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4CE3CCA46FFFE0FCBAF9F564C3CAE0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4745369" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4745369" box="[151,686,1645,1669]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4745369/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" startId="2.[151,250,1645,1669]" targetBox="[192,1395,219,1591]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8B8CB344A46FFFE0FCBAF9F564C3CAE0" blockId="2.[151,686,1645,1669]" box="[151,686,1645,1669]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A46FFFE0FCBAF9F5677ECAE0" bold="true" box="[151,275,1645,1669]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A46FFFE0FD34F9F56782CAE0" baseAuthorityName="Brauer" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[281,495,1645,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Brachygonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculata">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A46FFFE0FD34F9F56782CAE0" box="[281,495,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">Brachygonia oculata</emphasis>
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F-0 larva, habitus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8CB344A46FFFE0FCBAF936669DCAAD" blockId="2.[151,1437,1710,1844]" box="[151,240,1710,1736]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">Thorax:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8CB344A46FFFE0FCEAF94A6209CB51" blockId="2.[151,1437,1710,1844]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">Prothorax narrow with short bristle-like setae along posterior margin. Sparse short bristle spiny setae on pterothorax. Wings sheaths parallel, dark, extending onto S6. Legs with distinctive dark bands on femur and tibia. Short spines throughout entire legs. Tarsus three segmented with sharp pretarsal claws.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8CB344A46FFFE0FCBAF8C46763CB13" blockId="2.[151,1436,1884,2019]" box="[151,270,1884,1910]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">Abdomen:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8CB344A46FFFE1FCEAF81862BECCB0" blockId="2.[151,1436,1884,2019]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,321]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="566" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">
Abdomen oviform with dark mottled markings. Dorsal spines recurved, small from S2 to S5, becoming strongly prominent from S6 to S8 (
<figureCitation id="1308AFC1A46FFFE0FD9AF83C647BCBDA" box="[439,534,1956,1983]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1966,1990]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,1432,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-244@3.[151,1436,1432,1942]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3A. Abdominal spines and anal appendages, dorsal lateral view FIGURE 3B. Anal appendages dorsal view" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4745371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4745371/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">Figs. 3A</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="1308AFC1A46FFFE0FE66F83D6402CBDA" box="[587,623,1957,1983]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,871,895]" captionTargetBox="[293,1289,186,841]" captionTargetId="figure-21@4.[289,1297,181,847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4A. Illustration of prementum. Scale bar = 1mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4792424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4792424/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">4B</figureCitation>
). Very small lateral spines from S3 to S7. Sharp protuberant lateral spines on S8 and S9. Lateral spine on S9 reach end of epiproct. Average length (measured dorsally with inner margin of lateral spine) ratio of S9 lateral spine to S9 is 1:0.84. Fine lateral setae present along abdomen. Measured dorsally, average length ratio of S9+S10 to anal appendages (measured to distal end of paraprocts) 1:1.67.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8CB344A46EFFE1FCEAFF47673FCD24" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">
Small spiny setae on anal appendages. Epiproct triangular (
<figureCitation id="1308AFC1A46EFFE1FF49FF4765A9CC9C" box="[868,964,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1966,1990]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,1432,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-244@3.[151,1436,1432,1942]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3A. Abdominal spines and anal appendages, dorsal lateral view FIGURE 3B. Anal appendages dorsal view" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4745371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4745371/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Figs. 3B</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="1308AFC1A46EFFE1FFD1FF47624DCC9C" box="[1020,1056,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,871,895]" captionTargetBox="[293,1289,186,841]" captionTargetId="figure-21@4.[289,1297,181,847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4A. Illustration of prementum. Scale bar = 1mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4792424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4792424/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">4C</figureCitation>
), shorter than paraprocts, average length ratio 1:1.4. Cerci slightly shorter than epiproct. Average length ratio of cerci to epiproct 1:1.3, ceri to paraprocts 1:1.9.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8CB344A46EFFE1FCBAFEF76572CDEC" blockId="3.[151,1437,367,465]" box="[151,799,367,394]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Measurement ranges in examined specimens (n=6) (mm):</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8CB344A46EFFE1FCEAFE0B6350CDB4" blockId="3.[151,1437,367,465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">TL 9 – 10.8; head width measured across widest section of occiput below compound eyes 2.39 – 3.43; prementum length 1.54 – 1.7; prementum width 1.94 – 2.71; epiproct length 0.59 – 0.64; paraproct length 0.81 – 0.88.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C329E0CFA46EFFE1FCBAFD80621FCF60" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B8CB344A46EFFE1FCBAFD80669ACE57" blockId="3.[151,247,536,562]" box="[151,247,536,562]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">
<heading id="D0C40428A46EFFE1FCBAFD80669ACE57" bold="true" box="[151,247,536,562]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A46EFFE1FCBAFD80669ACE57" bold="true" box="[151,247,536,562]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Habitat</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8CB344A46EFFE1FCBAFDC3621FCF60" blockId="3.[151,1437,603,773]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">
In 
<collectingCountry id="F324F3D4A46EFFE1FC99FDC3674BCE10" box="[180,294,603,629]" name="Singapore" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Singapore</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A46EFFE1FD01FDC367F0CE10" baseAuthorityName="Brauer" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[300,413,603,629]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Brachygonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculata">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A46EFFE1FD01FDC367F0CE10" box="[300,413,603,629]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">B. oculata</emphasis>
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is found exclusively in the western part of the island within a restricted area. One population is found at a shady young secondary forest swampy pool while the other is in a more open pond at a mosaic of forest and scrubland habitats (
<figureCitation id="1308AFC1A46EFFE1FDB2FD3B678ECED8" box="[415,483,674,701]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1469,1493]" captionTargetBox="[179,1407,991,1445]" captionTargetId="figure-65@4.[179,1407,991,1445]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. A shady forest pool and a more open habitat both inhabited by Brachygonia oculata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4745382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4745382/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). The tiny larva inhabits a substrate of submerged tangled leaves, twigs and branches. Throughout Sundaland, the species inhabits a wide range of alluvial forest, peat swamp forest and other forested marshy areas (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A46EFFE1FD14FD7367C9CF60" author="Orr, A. G." box="[313,420,747,773]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" refId="ref3293" refString="Orr, A. G. (2003) A guide to the Dragonflies of Borneo. Their identification and biology. Natural History Publications, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 205 pp." type="book" year="2003">Orr 2003</bibRefCitation>
), and can thrive in secondary and disturbed forests (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A46EFFE1FFC6FD73620ACF60" author="Dow, R. A." box="[1003,1127,747,773]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" refId="ref2916" refString="Dow, R. A. (2009) Brachygonia oculata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2009, e. T 163747 A 5645313. https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2009 - 2. RLTS. T 163747 A 5645313. en" type="book" year="2009">Dow 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSection>
<caption id="DF4CE3CCA46EFFE1FCBAFADC6476C9E5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4792420" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4792420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4792420/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" startId="3.[151,250,1348,1372]" subCaptionStartIDs="3.[151,250,1384,1408]" subCaptionStarts="FIGURE 2B" targetBox="[151,1436,797,1343]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B8CB344A46EFFE1FCBAFADC6476C9E5" blockId="3.[151,539,1348,1408]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A46EFFE1FCBAFADC674BC939" bold="true" box="[151,294,1348,1372]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">FIGURE 2A.</emphasis>
Labium dorsal view 
<emphasis id="B9476F56A46EFFE1FCBAFAF06749C9E5" bold="true" box="[151,292,1384,1408]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">FIGURE 2B.</emphasis>
Prementum dorsal view
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4CE3CCA46EFFE1FCBAF8366439CB8F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4745371" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4745371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4745371/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" startId="3.[151,250,1966,1990]" targetBox="[159,1427,1432,1942]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B8CB344A46EFFE1FCBAF8366439CB8F" blockId="3.[151,897,1966,2026]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A46EFFE1FCBAF8366748CBA3" bold="true" box="[151,293,1966,1990]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">FIGURE 3A.</emphasis>
Abdominal spines and anal appendages, dorsal lateral view 
<emphasis id="B9476F56A46EFFE1FCBAF84A6749CB8F" bold="true" box="[151,292,2002,2026]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">
<figureCitation id="1308AFC1A46EFFE1FCBAF84A6772CB8F" box="[151,287,2002,2026]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1966,1990]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,1432,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-244@3.[151,1436,1432,1942]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3A. Abdominal spines and anal appendages, dorsal lateral view FIGURE 3B. Anal appendages dorsal view" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4745371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4745371/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">FIGURE 3B</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Anal appendages dorsal view
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4CE3CCA469FFE6FCBAFCFF6508CFA2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4792424" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4792424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4792424/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" startId="4.[151,250,871,895]" targetBox="[293,1289,186,841]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8B8CB344A469FFE6FCBAFCFF6508CFA2" blockId="4.[151,1020,871,967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A469FFE6FCBAFCFF674BCF1A" bold="true" box="[151,294,871,895]" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">FIGURE 4A.</emphasis>
Illustration of prementum. Scale bar = 1mm 
<emphasis id="B9476F56A469FFE6FCBAFC136749CFC6" bold="true" box="[151,292,907,931]" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">
<figureCitation id="1308AFC1A469FFE6FCBAFC136772CFC6" box="[151,287,907,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,871,895]" captionTargetBox="[293,1289,186,841]" captionTargetId="figure-21@4.[289,1297,181,847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4A. Illustration of prementum. Scale bar = 1mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4792424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4792424/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">FIGURE 4B</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Lateral illustration of S6 to S10 and anal appendages. Scale bar = 
<quantity id="4CCB1EA1A469FFE6FFE5FC136591CFC6" box="[968,1020,907,931]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" unit="mm" value="1.0">1mm</quantity>
<emphasis id="B9476F56A469FFE6FCBAFC376748CFA2" bold="true" box="[151,293,943,967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">
<figureCitation id="1308AFC1A469FFE6FCBAFC37674DCFA2" box="[151,288,943,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,871,895]" captionTargetBox="[293,1289,186,841]" captionTargetId="figure-21@4.[289,1297,181,847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4A. Illustration of prementum. Scale bar = 1mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4792424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4792424/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">FIGURE 4C</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Dorsal illustration of anal appendages. Scale bar = 
<quantity id="4CCB1EA1A469FFE6FF1CFC376508CFA2" box="[817,869,943,967]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" unit="mm" value="1.0">1mm</quantity>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4CE3CCA469FFE6FCBAFA25621FC9B0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4745382" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4745382" box="[151,1138,1469,1494]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4745382/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" startId="4.[151,250,1469,1493]" targetBox="[179,1407,991,1445]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8B8CB344A469FFE6FCBAFA25621FC9B0" blockId="4.[151,1138,1469,1494]" box="[151,1138,1469,1494]" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A469FFE6FCBAFA25677EC9B3" bold="true" box="[151,275,1469,1494]" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
A shady forest pool and a more open habitat both inhabited by 
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A469FFE6FFBAFA266201C9B3" baseAuthorityName="Brauer" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[919,1132,1470,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Brachygonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculata">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A469FFE6FFBAFA266201C9B3" box="[919,1132,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">Brachygonia oculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSection id="E2BCAAAFA469FFE4FCBAF9B067B8CD78" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="569" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" type="discussion">
<subSubSection id="C329E0CFA469FFE4FCBAF9B067B8CD78" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="569" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8CB344A469FFE6FCBAF9B06776CA27" blockId="4.[151,283,1576,1602]" box="[151,283,1576,1602]" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">
<heading id="D0C40428A469FFE6FCBAF9B06776CA27" bold="true" box="[151,283,1576,1602]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A469FFE6FCBAF9B06776CA27" bold="true" box="[151,283,1576,1602]" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">Discussion</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8CB344A469FFE6FCBAF9E8620FCA93" blockId="4.[151,1437,1648,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A469FFE6FCBAF9E867EECAEF" baseAuthorityName="Brauer" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[151,387,1648,1674]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Brachygonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculata">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A469FFE6FCBAF9E867EECAEF" box="[151,387,1648,1674]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">Brachygonia oculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the subfamily 
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A469FFE6FE8AF9E86506CAEF" authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1917" box="[679,875,1648,1674]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Brachydiplacinae">Brachydiplacinae</taxonomicName>
which consists of 25 genera distributed in Africa, 
<collectingCountry id="F324F3D4A469FFE6FCBAF90C676FCACB" box="[151,258,1684,1710]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">East Asia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F324F3D4A469FFE6FD26F90C671FCACB" box="[267,370,1684,1710]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">Australia</collectingCountry>
and South and Central America (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A469FFE6FECEF90C6500CACB" author="Silsby, J." box="[739,877,1684,1710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" refId="ref3491" refString="Silsby, J. (2001) Dragonflies of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 216 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643100879" type="book" year="2001">Silsby 2001</bibRefCitation>
). The species are generally small to medium-sized and mostly have primitive wing venation (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A469FFE6FEAFF9206562CAB7" author="Silsby, J." box="[642,783,1720,1746]" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" refId="ref3491" refString="Silsby, J. (2001) Dragonflies of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 216 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643100879" type="book" year="2001">Silsby 2001</bibRefCitation>
). To the best of our knowledge from published material, larvae from 14 genera, including 
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A469FFE6FE21F9456412CA93" baseAuthorityName="Brauer" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[524,639,1756,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Brachygonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculata">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A469FFE6FE21F9456412CA93" box="[524,639,1756,1782]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">B. oculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are now described or illustrated (
<tableCitation id="C6B186FFA469FFE6FFD0F944623CCA93" box="[1021,1105,1756,1782]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,152,176]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Known larva of Brachydiplacinae genera" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4CE3CCA468FFE7FCBAFF0064AACCD4" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" tableUuid="DF4CE3CCA468FFE7FCBAFF0064AACCD4">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8CB344A469FFE6FCEAF8986258CB97" blockId="4.[151,1437,1648,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A469FFE6FCEAF898670FCB7F" author="Silsby, J." box="[199,354,1792,1818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" refId="ref3491" refString="Silsby, J. (2001) Dragonflies of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 216 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643100879" type="book" year="2001">Silsby (2001)</bibRefCitation>
highlighted the genera in 
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A469FFE6FEB8F8986534CB7F" authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1917" box="[661,857,1792,1818]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Brachydiplacinae">Brachydiplacinae</taxonomicName>
is a heterogeneous collection of several unrelated groups. This is supported by the body of work on larval morphology (
<tableCitation id="C6B186FFA469FFE6FFB4F8BC6581CB5B" box="[921,1004,1828,1854]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,152,176]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Known larva of Brachydiplacinae genera" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4CE3CCA468FFE7FCBAFF0064AACCD4" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" tableUuid="DF4CE3CCA468FFE7FCBAFF0064AACCD4">Table 1</tableCitation>
). African genera 
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A469FFE6F883F8BC66A2CB07" authority="Kirby, 1889" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Chalcostephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A469FFE6F883F8BC633DCB5B" box="[1198,1360,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">Chalcostephia</emphasis>
Kirby, 1889
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A469FFE6FD24F8D1644DCB07" authority="Kirby, 1889" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1889" box="[265,544,1864,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Hemistigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A469FFE6FD24F8D167FDCB07" box="[265,400,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">Hemistigma</emphasis>
Kirby, 1889
</taxonomicName>
differ in several morphological features. These two genera in turn differ from Neotropical 
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A469FFE6FD0CF8F467A9CBE3" authority="Ris, 1911" authorityName="Ris" authorityYear="1911" box="[289,452,1900,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Elga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A469FFE6FD0CF8F4673BCBE3" box="[289,342,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">Elga</emphasis>
Ris, 1911
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A469FFE6FDDAF8F46565CBE3" authority="Kirby, 1889" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1889" box="[503,776,1900,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Nephepeltia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A469FFE6FDDAF8F46413CBE3" box="[503,638,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">Nephepeltia</emphasis>
Kirby, 1889
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A469FFE6FF38F8F46247CBE3" author="Di Domenico, M. &amp; Carchini, G. &amp; Samways, M. J. &amp; Whiteley, G." box="[789,1066,1900,1926]" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" pagination="97 - 101" refId="ref2857" refString="Di Domenico, M., Carchini, G., Samways, M. J. &amp; Whiteley, G. (2001) Description of the last instar larva of Chalcostephia flavifrons Kirby, 1889 and comparison with other Brachydiplactinae (Anisoptera: Libellulidae). Odonatologica, 30 (1), 97 - 101." type="journal article" year="2001">
Di Domenico 
<emphasis id="B9476F56A469FFE6FF9FF8F56584CBE3" box="[946,1001,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">et al.</emphasis>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
). Furthermore, 
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A469FFE6F8F9F8F466A3CBCF" authority="Ris, 1911" authorityName="Ris" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Argyrothemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A469FFE6F8F9F8F46307CBE3" box="[1236,1386,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">Argyrothemis</emphasis>
Ris, 1911
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A469FFE6FD2AF808644ECBCF" authority="Karsch, 1890" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1890" box="[263,547,1936,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Oligoclada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A469FFE6FD2AF80867E8CBCF" box="[263,389,1936,1962]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">Oligoclada</emphasis>
Karsch, 1890
</taxonomicName>
have long spidery legs resembling corduliids (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A469FFE6F81AF8086290CBCF" author="Neiss, U. G. &amp; Fleck, G. &amp; Pessacq, P. &amp; Tennessen, K. J." box="[1079,1277,1936,1962]" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" pagination="399 - 447" refId="ref3146" refString="Neiss, U. G., Fleck, G., Pessacq, P. &amp; Tennessen, K. J. (2018) Odonata: Superfamily Libelluloidea. In: Thorp, J. H. &amp; Covich, A. P. (Eds.), Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates (Fourth Edition). Volume 3: Keys to Neotropical Hexapoda. Academic Press, London, pp. 399 - 447. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / C 2015 - 0 - 01626 - 4" type="book chapter" year="2018">
Neiss 
<emphasis id="B9476F56A469FFE6F852F80962D5CBCF" box="[1151,1208,1936,1962]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
). Additionally 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A469FFE6FCBAF82C6718CBAA" author="Fleck, G. &amp; Orr, A. G." box="[151,373,1972,1999]" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" pagination="121 - 130" refId="ref3085" refString="Fleck, G. &amp; Orr, A. G. (2005) Une Larve Du Genre Remarquable Nannophyopsis Lieftinck, 1935. Importance Pour La Phylogenie De La Famille (Insecta: Odonata: Anisoptera: Libellulidae). Annalen Des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie B Fur Botanik Und Zoologie, 107, 121 - 130." type="journal article" year="2005">Fleck &amp; Orr (2005)</bibRefCitation>
reported 
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A469FFE6FDCFF82C6529CBAA" authority="Lieftinck, 1935" authorityName="Lieftinck" authorityYear="1935" box="[482,836,1972,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Nannophyopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A469FFE6FDCFF82C64E2CBAB" box="[482,655,1972,1998]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">Nannophyopsis</emphasis>
Lieftinck, 1935
</taxonomicName>
sharing several morphological traits with 
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A469FFE6F90EF82D675BCB97" authority="Rambur, 1842" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Diastatops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A469FFE6F90EF82D63F1CBAB" box="[1315,1436,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">Diastatops</emphasis>
Rambur, 1842
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A469FFE6FD56F840644BCB97" authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1917" box="[379,550,2008,2034]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Palpopleurinae">Palpopleurinae</taxonomicName>
, possibly a result of evolutionary convergence.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4CE3CCA468FFE7FCBAFF0064AACCD4" ID-Table-UUID="DF4CE3CCA468FFE7FCBAFF0064AACCD4" box="[151,711,152,177]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4CE3CCA468FFE7FCBAFF0064AACCD4" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" startId="5.[151,239,152,176]" targetBox="[163,1376,212,1220]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8B8CB344A468FFE7FCBAFF0064AACCD4" blockId="5.[151,711,152,177]" box="[151,711,152,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FCBAFF006767CCD5" bold="true" box="[151,266,152,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Known larva of 
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A468FFE7FD92FF006417CCD5" authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1917" box="[447,634,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Brachydiplacinae">Brachydiplacinae</taxonomicName>
genera
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8CB344A468FFE7FC8EFF4C6267C8A1" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<table id="F93341E4A468001DFC8EFF4C630DC8A1" box="[163,1376,212,1220]" gridcols="3" gridrows="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<tr id="3503B106A468001DFC8EFF4C630DCC89" box="[163,1376,212,236]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<th id="76D2D87AA468001DFC8EFF4C6752CC89" box="[163,319,212,236]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FC8EFF4C6685CC89" bold="true" box="[163,232,212,236]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Genus</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76D2D87AA468001DFDBAFF4C64C6CC89" box="[407,683,212,236]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FDBAFF4C6414CC89" bold="true" box="[407,633,212,236]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">General Distribution</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76D2D87AA468001DFEE4FF4C630DCC89" box="[713,1376,212,236]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FEE4FF4C6558CC89" bold="true" box="[713,821,212,236]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Reference</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3503B106A468001DFC8EFE85630DCD50" box="[163,1376,285,309]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<th id="76D2D87AA468001DFC8EFE856752CD50" box="[163,319,285,309]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A468FFE7FC8EFE856686CD51" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1889" box="[163,235,285,308]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Anatya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FC8EFE856686CD51" box="[163,235,285,308]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Anatya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFDBAFE8564C6CD50" box="[407,683,285,309]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Neotropics</td>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFEE4FE85630DCD50" box="[713,1376,285,309]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A468FFE7FEE4FE85651ACD50" author="Neiss, U. G. &amp; Fleck, G. &amp; Pessacq, P. &amp; Tennessen, K. J." box="[713,887,285,309]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" pagination="399 - 447" refId="ref3146" refString="Neiss, U. G., Fleck, G., Pessacq, P. &amp; Tennessen, K. J. (2018) Odonata: Superfamily Libelluloidea. In: Thorp, J. H. &amp; Covich, A. P. (Eds.), Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates (Fourth Edition). Volume 3: Keys to Neotropical Hexapoda. Academic Press, London, pp. 399 - 447. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / C 2015 - 0 - 01626 - 4" type="book chapter" year="2018">
Neiss 
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FF25FE856556CD50" box="[776,827,285,309]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">et al.</emphasis>
2018
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<tr id="3503B106A468001DFC8EFEC1630DCD14" box="[163,1376,345,369]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<th id="76D2D87AA468001DFC8EFEC16752CD14" box="[163,319,345,369]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FC8EFEC1674FCD14" box="[163,290,345,369]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Argyothemis</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFDBAFEC164C6CD14" box="[407,683,345,369]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Neotropics</td>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFEE4FEC1630DCD14" box="[713,1376,345,369]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A468FFE7FEE4FEC1651ACD14" author="Neiss, U. G. &amp; Fleck, G. &amp; Pessacq, P. &amp; Tennessen, K. J." box="[713,887,345,369]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" pagination="399 - 447" refId="ref3146" refString="Neiss, U. G., Fleck, G., Pessacq, P. &amp; Tennessen, K. J. (2018) Odonata: Superfamily Libelluloidea. In: Thorp, J. H. &amp; Covich, A. P. (Eds.), Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates (Fourth Edition). Volume 3: Keys to Neotropical Hexapoda. Academic Press, London, pp. 399 - 447. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / C 2015 - 0 - 01626 - 4" type="book chapter" year="2018">
Neiss 
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FF25FEC16556CD14" box="[776,827,345,369]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A468FFE7FFACFEC16267CD14" author="Paulson, D." box="[897,1034,345,369]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" pagination="163 - 188" refId="ref3400" refString="Paulson, D. (2004). Critical species of Odonata in the Neotropics. International Journal of Odonatology, 7 (2), 163 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 13887890.2004.9748208" type="journal article" year="2004">Paulson 2004</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3503B106A468001DFC8EFE0D630DCDAF" box="[163,1376,405,458]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<th id="76D2D87AA468001DFC8EFE0D6752CDAF" box="[163,319,405,458]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A468FFE7FC8EFE3B6746CDDE" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1868" box="[163,299,419,443]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Brachydiplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FC8EFE3B6746CDDE" box="[163,299,419,443]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Brachydiplax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFDBAFE0D64C6CDAF" box="[407,683,405,458]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Indomalaya to East Asia and Australia</td>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFEE4FE0D630DCDAF" box="[713,1376,405,458]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A468FFE7FEE4FE0D6548CDC8" author="Ng, L. C. Y." box="[713,805,405,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" refId="ref3243" refString="Ng, L. C. Y. (2015) Freshwater Macroinvertebrates in Hong Kong. Available from: https: // www. biosch. hku. hk / ecology / staffhp / dd / macroinvertebrates / Odonata / odonata. html (accessed 3 February 2021)" type="url" year="2015">Ng 2015</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A468FFE7FF02FE0D65C7CDC8" author="Butler, S. G." box="[815,938,405,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" refId="ref2679" refString="Butler, S. G. (2012) Description of the last instar larva of Brachydiplax farinosa Kruger, 1902 from" type="book" year="2012">Butler 2012</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A468FFE7FF99FE0D6238CDC8" author="Tam, T. &amp; Leung, K. &amp; Kwan, B. S. P. &amp; Wu, K. K. Y. &amp; Tang, S. S. H. &amp; So, I. W. Y. &amp; Cheng, J. C. Y. &amp; Yuen, E. F. M. &amp; Tsang, Y. &amp; Leung, H. W." box="[948,1109,405,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" refId="ref3575" refString="Tam, T., Leung, K., Kwan, B. S. P., Wu, K. K. Y., Tang, S. S. H., So, I. W. Y., Cheng, J. C. Y., Yuen, E. F. M., Tsang, Y. &amp; Leung, H. W. (2011) The Dragonflies of Hong Kong. Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, Friends of the Country Parks, Hong Kong, 368 pp." type="book" year="2011">
Tam 
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FFCAFE0D6277CDC8" box="[999,1050,405,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">et al.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A468FFE7F873FE0D6491CDAF" author="Theischinger, G. &amp; Hawking, J." pageId="5" pageNumber="568" refId="ref3769" refString="Theischinger, G. &amp; Hawking, J. (2006) Complete Field Guide to Dragonflies of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, 376 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643094109" type="book" year="2006">Theischinger &amp; Hawking 2006</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3503B106A468001DFC8EFE68630DCE6D" box="[163,1376,496,520]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<th id="76D2D87AA468001DFC8EFE686752CE6D" box="[163,319,496,520]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A468FFE7FC8EFE68674BCE6D" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1889" box="[163,294,496,520]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Brachygonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FC8EFE68674BCE6D" box="[163,294,496,520]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Brachygonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFDBAFE6864C6CE6D" box="[407,683,496,520]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Sundaland</td>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFEE4FE68630DCE6D" box="[713,1376,496,520]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">This paper</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3503B106A468001DFC8EFDB1630DCE24" box="[163,1376,553,577]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<th id="76D2D87AA468001DFC8EFDB16752CE24" box="[163,319,553,577]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A468FFE7FC8EFDB16758CE24" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1889" box="[163,309,553,577]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Chalcostephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FC8EFDB16758CE24" box="[163,309,553,577]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Chalcostephia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFDBAFDB164C6CE24" box="[407,683,553,577]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Africa</td>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFEE4FDB1630DCE24" box="[713,1376,553,577]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A468FFE7FEE4FDB165A8CE24" author="Di Domenico, M. &amp; Carchini, G. &amp; Samways, M. J. &amp; Whiteley, G." box="[713,965,553,577]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" pagination="97 - 101" refId="ref2857" refString="Di Domenico, M., Carchini, G., Samways, M. J. &amp; Whiteley, G. (2001) Description of the last instar larva of Chalcostephia flavifrons Kirby, 1889 and comparison with other Brachydiplactinae (Anisoptera: Libellulidae). Odonatologica, 30 (1), 97 - 101." type="journal article" year="2001">
Di Domenico 
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FF74FDB265E1CE24" box="[857,908,553,577]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">et al.</emphasis>
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</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3503B106A468001DFC8EFDF1630DCEE4" box="[163,1376,617,641]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<th id="76D2D87AA468001DFC8EFDF16752CEE4" box="[163,319,617,641]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A468FFE7FC8EFDF166BECEE4" authorityName="Ris" authorityYear="1911" box="[163,211,617,641]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Elga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FC8EFDF166BECEE4" box="[163,211,617,641]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Elga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFDBAFDF164C6CEE4" box="[407,683,617,641]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Neotropics</td>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFEE4FDF1630DCEE4" box="[713,1376,617,641]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A468FFE7FEE4FDF1651ACEE4" author="Neiss, U. G. &amp; Fleck, G. &amp; Pessacq, P. &amp; Tennessen, K. J." box="[713,887,617,641]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" pagination="399 - 447" refId="ref3146" refString="Neiss, U. G., Fleck, G., Pessacq, P. &amp; Tennessen, K. J. (2018) Odonata: Superfamily Libelluloidea. In: Thorp, J. H. &amp; Covich, A. P. (Eds.), Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates (Fourth Edition). Volume 3: Keys to Neotropical Hexapoda. Academic Press, London, pp. 399 - 447. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / C 2015 - 0 - 01626 - 4" type="book chapter" year="2018">
Neiss 
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FF25FDF16556CEE4" box="[776,827,617,641]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">et al.</emphasis>
2018
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; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A468FFE7FFACFDF16255CEE4" author="De Marmels, J." box="[897,1080,617,641]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref2770" refString="De Marmels, J. (1990) Nine new Anisoptera larvae from Venezuela (Gomphidae, Aeshnidae, Corduliidae, Libellulidae). Odonatologica, 19 (1), 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1990">De Marmels 1990</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3503B106A468001DFC8EFD30630DCE92" box="[163,1376,680,759]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<th id="76D2D87AA468001DFC8EFD306752CE92" box="[163,319,680,759]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FC8EFD306770CE93" box="[163,285,680,758]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A468FFE7FC8EFD306688CEA5" box="[163,229,680,704]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Fylgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Fylgia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A468FFE7FC8EFD476770CE93" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1889" box="[163,285,735,758]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Hemistigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hemistigma</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFDBAFD3064C6CE92" box="[407,683,680,759]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Neotropics Africa</td>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFEE4FD30630DCE92" box="[713,1376,680,759]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A468FFE7FEE4FD30651ACEA5" author="Neiss, U. G. &amp; Fleck, G. &amp; Pessacq, P. &amp; Tennessen, K. J." box="[713,887,680,704]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" pagination="399 - 447" refId="ref3146" refString="Neiss, U. G., Fleck, G., Pessacq, P. &amp; Tennessen, K. J. (2018) Odonata: Superfamily Libelluloidea. In: Thorp, J. H. &amp; Covich, A. P. (Eds.), Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates (Fourth Edition). Volume 3: Keys to Neotropical Hexapoda. Academic Press, London, pp. 399 - 447. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / C 2015 - 0 - 01626 - 4" type="book chapter" year="2018">
Neiss 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A468FFE7FFACFD316255CEA5" author="De Marmels, J." box="[897,1080,680,704]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" pagination="57 - 78" refId="ref2805" refString="De Marmels, J. (1992) Dragonflies (Odonata) from the Sierras of Tapirapeco and Unturan, in the extreme south of Venezuela. Acta Biologica Venezuelica, 14 (1), 57 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 3266063" type="journal article" year="1992">De Marmels 1992</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A468FFE7FEE4FD4765F5CE92" author="Whiteley, G. &amp; Samways, M. J. &amp; Di Domenico, M. &amp; Carchini, G." box="[713,920,735,759]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" pagination="433 - 437" refId="ref3807" refString="Whiteley, G., Samways, M. J., Di Domenico, M. &amp; Carchini, G. (1999) Description of the last instar larva of Hemistigma albipuncta (Rambur, 1842) and comparison with other Brachydiplactinae (Anisoptera: Libellulidae). Odonatologica, 28 (4), 433 - 437." type="journal article" year="1999">
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</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3503B106A468001DFC8EFC80630DCF55" box="[163,1376,792,816]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<th id="76D2D87AA468001DFC8EFC806752CF55" box="[163,319,792,816]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A468FFE7FC8EFC806770CF55" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1889" box="[163,285,792,816]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Micrathyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FC8EFC806770CF55" box="[163,285,792,816]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Micrathyria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFDBAFC8064C6CF55" box="[407,683,792,816]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Neotropics</td>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFEE4FC80630DCF55" box="[713,1376,792,816]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A468FFE7FEE4FC80651ACF55" author="Neiss, U. G. &amp; Fleck, G. &amp; Pessacq, P. &amp; Tennessen, K. J." box="[713,887,792,816]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" pagination="399 - 447" refId="ref3146" refString="Neiss, U. G., Fleck, G., Pessacq, P. &amp; Tennessen, K. J. (2018) Odonata: Superfamily Libelluloidea. In: Thorp, J. H. &amp; Covich, A. P. (Eds.), Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates (Fourth Edition). Volume 3: Keys to Neotropical Hexapoda. Academic Press, London, pp. 399 - 447. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / C 2015 - 0 - 01626 - 4" type="book chapter" year="2018">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A468FFE7FFACFC806248CF55" author="Dalzochio, M. S." box="[897,1061,792,816]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" pagination="54 - 57" refId="ref2719" refString="Dalzochio, M. S. (2009) Description of the ultimate stadium larva of Micrathyria pseudeximia Westfall (Odonata, Libellulidae). EntomoBrasilis, 2 (2), 54 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.12741 / ebrasilis. v 2 i 2.56" type="journal article" year="2009">Dalzochio 2009</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A468FFE7F802FC8062D4CF55" author="Paulson, D." box="[1071,1209,792,816]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" pagination="163 - 188" refId="ref3400" refString="Paulson, D. (2004). Critical species of Odonata in the Neotropics. International Journal of Odonatology, 7 (2), 163 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 13887890.2004.9748208" type="journal article" year="2004">Paulson 2004</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3503B106A468001DFC8EFCCD630DCFEF" box="[163,1376,853,906]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<th id="76D2D87AA468001DFC8EFCCD6752CFEF" box="[163,319,853,906]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A468FFE7FC8EFCFC6775CF19" box="[163,280,868,892]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Nannophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FC8EFCFC6775CF19" box="[163,280,868,892]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Nannophya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFDBAFCCD64C6CFEF" box="[407,683,853,906]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Indomalaya to East Asia and Australia</td>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFEE4FCCD630DCFEF" box="[713,1376,853,906]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A468FFE7FEE4FCFC6548CF1E" author="Ng, L. C. Y." box="[713,805,867,892]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" refId="ref3243" refString="Ng, L. C. Y. (2015) Freshwater Macroinvertebrates in Hong Kong. Available from: https: // www. biosch. hku. hk / ecology / staffhp / dd / macroinvertebrates / Odonata / odonata. html (accessed 3 February 2021)" type="url" year="2015">Ng 2015</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A468FFE7FF03FCFC65A2CF19" author="Tam, T. &amp; Leung, K. &amp; Kwan, B. S. P. &amp; Wu, K. K. Y. &amp; Tang, S. S. H. &amp; So, I. W. Y. &amp; Cheng, J. C. Y. &amp; Yuen, E. F. M. &amp; Tsang, Y. &amp; Leung, H. W." box="[814,975,868,892]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" refId="ref3575" refString="Tam, T., Leung, K., Kwan, B. S. P., Wu, K. K. Y., Tang, S. S. H., So, I. W. Y., Cheng, J. C. Y., Yuen, E. F. M., Tsang, Y. &amp; Leung, H. W. (2011) The Dragonflies of Hong Kong. Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, Friends of the Country Parks, Hong Kong, 368 pp." type="book" year="2011">
Tam 
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2011
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A468FFE7FFF4FCFC6379CF19" author="Theischinger, G. &amp; Hawking, J." box="[985,1300,868,892]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" refId="ref3769" refString="Theischinger, G. &amp; Hawking, J. (2006) Complete Field Guide to Dragonflies of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, 376 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643094109" type="book" year="2006">Theischinger &amp; Hawking 2006</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3503B106A468001DFC8EFC21630DCF88" box="[163,1376,953,1005]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<th id="76D2D87AA468001DFC8EFC216752CF88" box="[163,319,953,1005]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A468FFE7FC8EFC5F6752CFBA" authorityName="Lieftinck" authorityYear="1935" box="[163,319,967,991]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Nannophyopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FC8EFC5F6752CFBA" box="[163,319,967,991]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Nannophyopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFDBAFC2164C6CF88" box="[407,683,953,1005]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">North-east Indomalaya and Borneo</td>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFEE4FC21630DCF88" box="[713,1376,953,1005]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A468FFE7FEE4FC5F6513CFBA" author="Fleck, G. &amp; Orr, A. G." box="[713,894,967,991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" pagination="121 - 130" refId="ref3085" refString="Fleck, G. &amp; Orr, A. G. (2005) Une Larve Du Genre Remarquable Nannophyopsis Lieftinck, 1935. Importance Pour La Phylogenie De La Famille (Insecta: Odonata: Anisoptera: Libellulidae). Annalen Des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie B Fur Botanik Und Zoologie, 107, 121 - 130." type="journal article" year="2005">Fleck &amp; Orr 2005</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3503B106A468001DFC8EFBB3630DC826" box="[163,1376,1067,1091]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<th id="76D2D87AA468001DFC8EFBB36752C826" box="[163,319,1067,1091]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A468FFE7FC8EFBB36744C826" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1868" box="[163,297,1067,1091]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Nannothemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FC8EFBB36744C826" box="[163,297,1067,1091]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Nannothemis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFDBAFBB364C6C826" box="[407,683,1067,1091]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Eastern North America</td>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFEE4FBB3630DC826" box="[713,1376,1067,1091]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A468FFE7FEE4FBB3652EC826" author="Bright, E." box="[713,835,1067,1091]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" refId="ref2636" refString="Bright, E. (2017) Aquatic Insects of Michigan. Available from: http: // www. aquaticinsects. org / Keys / Odonata / id _ oom _ libellulidae _ nannothemis. html (accessed 3 February 2021)" type="url" year="2017">Bright 2017</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3503B106A468001DFC8EFBED630DC8A1" box="[163,1376,1141,1220]" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<th id="76D2D87AA468001DFC8EFBED6752C8A1" box="[163,319,1141,1220]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FC8EFBED6778C8A1" box="[163,285,1141,1220]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A468FFE7FC8EFBED6770C8E8" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1889" box="[163,285,1141,1165]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Nephepeltia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nephepeltia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A468FFE7FC8EFB346778C8A1" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1890" box="[163,277,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Oligoclada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oligoclada</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFDBAFBED64C6C8A1" box="[407,683,1141,1220]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Neotropics Neotropics</td>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFEE4FBED630DC8A1" box="[713,1376,1141,1220]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A468FFE7FEE4FBED651AC8E8" author="Neiss, U. G. &amp; Fleck, G. &amp; Pessacq, P. &amp; Tennessen, K. J." box="[713,887,1141,1165]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" pagination="399 - 447" refId="ref3146" refString="Neiss, U. G., Fleck, G., Pessacq, P. &amp; Tennessen, K. J. (2018) Odonata: Superfamily Libelluloidea. In: Thorp, J. H. &amp; Covich, A. P. (Eds.), Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates (Fourth Edition). Volume 3: Keys to Neotropical Hexapoda. Academic Press, London, pp. 399 - 447. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / C 2015 - 0 - 01626 - 4" type="book chapter" year="2018">
Neiss 
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FF25FBEE6556C8E8" box="[776,827,1141,1165]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A468FFE7FFACFBED6255C8E8" author="De Marmels, J." box="[897,1080,1141,1165]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref2770" refString="De Marmels, J. (1990) Nine new Anisoptera larvae from Venezuela (Gomphidae, Aeshnidae, Corduliidae, Libellulidae). Odonatologica, 19 (1), 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1990">De Marmels 1990</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A468FFE7FEE4FB34651AC8A1" author="Neiss, U. G. &amp; Fleck, G. &amp; Pessacq, P. &amp; Tennessen, K. J." box="[713,887,1196,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" pagination="399 - 447" refId="ref3146" refString="Neiss, U. G., Fleck, G., Pessacq, P. &amp; Tennessen, K. J. (2018) Odonata: Superfamily Libelluloidea. In: Thorp, J. H. &amp; Covich, A. P. (Eds.), Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates (Fourth Edition). Volume 3: Keys to Neotropical Hexapoda. Academic Press, London, pp. 399 - 447. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / C 2015 - 0 - 01626 - 4" type="book chapter" year="2018">
Neiss 
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FF25FB346556C8A1" box="[776,827,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A468FFE7FFACFB346267C8A1" author="Paulson, D." box="[897,1034,1196,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" pagination="163 - 188" refId="ref3400" refString="Paulson, D. (2004). Critical species of Odonata in the Neotropics. International Journal of Odonatology, 7 (2), 163 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 13887890.2004.9748208" type="journal article" year="2004">Paulson 2004</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8CB344A468FFE7FCEAFB6E65C9C9A1" blockId="5.[151,1436,1270,1476]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
By comparison 
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A468FFE7FD55FB6E6464C975" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1889" box="[376,521,1270,1296]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Brachygonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FD55FB6E6464C975" box="[376,521,1270,1296]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Brachygonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A468FFE7FEF8FB6E626EC975" authority="Brauer, 1868" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1868" box="[725,1027,1270,1296]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Brachydiplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FEF8FB6E6501C975" box="[725,876,1270,1296]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Brachydiplax</emphasis>
Brauer, 1868
</taxonomicName>
for which their distribution overlaps and can occupy the same habitat. They are alike in general habitus appearance. Taxonomically important labium features are also comparable in terms of shape, labial setae and palpal crenation. Morphological characters of four 
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A468FFE7FCE0FAFA67D0C919" box="[205,445,1378,1404]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Brachydiplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FCE0FAFA6709C919" box="[205,356,1378,1404]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Brachydiplax</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
from 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A468FFE7FE2FFAFA64F6C919" author="Butler, S. G." box="[514,667,1378,1404]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" refId="ref2679" refString="Butler, S. G. (2012) Description of the last instar larva of Brachydiplax farinosa Kruger, 1902 from" type="book" year="2012">Butler (2012)</bibRefCitation>
are combined and compared with 
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A468FFE7F80FFAFA62F8C919" baseAuthorityName="Brauer" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[1058,1173,1378,1404]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Brachygonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculata">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7F80FFAFA62F8C919" box="[1058,1173,1378,1404]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">B. oculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<tableCitation id="C6B186FFA468FFE7F897FAFA637DC919" box="[1210,1296,1378,1404]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,239,1518,1542]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison between Brachygonia oculata and Brachydiplax spp." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4CE3CCA468FFE7FCBAFA7665BDCA63" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" tableUuid="DF4CE3CCA468FFE7FCBAFA7665BDCA63">Table 2</tableCitation>
. Three main differences between 
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A468FFE7FD53FA1E679CC9C5" baseAuthorityName="Brauer" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[382,497,1414,1440]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Brachygonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculata">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FD53FA1E679CC9C5" box="[382,497,1414,1440]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">B. oculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A468FFE7FE0AFA1E649EC9C5" box="[551,755,1414,1440]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Brachydiplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FE0AFA1E64D3C9C5" box="[551,702,1414,1440]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Brachydiplax</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
are the smaller size of 
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A468FFE7FFD9FA1E620AC9C5" baseAuthorityName="Brauer" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[1012,1127,1414,1440]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Brachygonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculata">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FFD9FA1E620AC9C5" box="[1012,1127,1414,1440]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">B. oculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, one less palpal seta and its hind legs reaching beyond the end of paraprocts when fully extended.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4CE3CCA468FFE7FCBAFA7665BDCA63" ID-Table-UUID="DF4CE3CCA468FFE7FCBAFA7665BDCA63" box="[151,976,1518,1542]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4CE3CCA468FFE7FCBAFA7665BDCA63" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" startId="5.[151,239,1518,1542]" targetBox="[163,1426,1579,1958]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8B8CB344A468FFE7FCBAFA7665BDCA63" blockId="5.[151,976,1518,1542]" box="[151,976,1518,1542]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FCBAFA766767CA63" bold="true" box="[151,266,1518,1542]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Comparison between 
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A468FFE7FDD4FA7664B7CA63" baseAuthorityName="Brauer" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[505,730,1518,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Brachygonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculata">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FDD4FA7664B7CA63" box="[505,730,1518,1542]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Brachygonia oculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A468FFE7FF23FA7665BDCA63" box="[782,976,1518,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Brachydiplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FF23FA7665F3CA63" box="[782,926,1518,1542]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Brachydiplax</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8CB344A468FFE7FD64F9A26317CBED" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<table id="F93341E4A468001DFC8EF9B363FFCBC3" box="[163,1426,1579,1958]" gridcols="9" gridrows="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<tr id="3503B106A468001DFC8EF9B363FFCA1B" box="[163,1426,1579,1662]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76D2D87AA468001DFD64F9B367F7CA1B" box="[329,410,1579,1662]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FD64F9A267ECCA0A" bold="true" box="[329,410,1594,1647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Mental setae</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76D2D87AA468001DFD95F9B3646CCA1B" box="[440,513,1579,1662]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FD95F9A2679DCA0A" bold="true" box="[440,513,1594,1647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Palpal setae</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76D2D87AA468001DFE04F9B364C0CA1B" box="[553,685,1579,1662]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FE04F9A264C0CA0A" bold="true" box="[553,685,1594,1647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Palpal crenations*</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76D2D87AA468001DFEE5F9B36576CA1B" box="[712,795,1579,1662]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FEE5F9A26563CA0A" bold="true" box="[712,788,1594,1647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Dorsal spines</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76D2D87AA468001DFF18F9B365CCCA1B" box="[821,929,1579,1662]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FF18F9A2651DCA0A" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">S9 lateral spine</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76D2D87AA468001DFF94F9B36226CA1B" box="[953,1099,1579,1662]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FF94F9B36226CA1B" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Epiproct: paraprocts length ratio*</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76D2D87AA468001DF851F9B362BECA1B" box="[1148,1235,1579,1662]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7F851F9B362D7CA1B" bold="true" box="[1148,1219,1579,1662]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Total length (mm)</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76D2D87AA468001DF926F9B363FFCA1B" box="[1291,1426,1579,1662]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7F926F9B3631CCA1B" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Hind legs fully extended</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3503B106A468001DFC8EF93163FFCA9E" box="[163,1426,1705,1787]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<th id="76D2D87AA468001DFC8EF931675ECA9E" box="[163,307,1705,1787]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A468FFE7FC8EF92F669ECA88" baseAuthorityName="Brauer" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[163,301,1719,1773]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Brachygonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculata">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FC8EF92F669ECA88" box="[163,301,1719,1773]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Brachygonia oculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFD64F93167F7CA9E" box="[329,410,1705,1787]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">10</td>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFD95F931646CCA9E" box="[440,513,1705,1787]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">8</td>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFE04F93164C0CA9E" box="[553,685,1705,1787]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">6</td>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFEE5F9316576CA9E" box="[712,795,1705,1787]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">S2 – S8</td>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFF18F93165CCCA9E" box="[821,929,1705,1787]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">reach end epiproct</td>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFF94F9316226CA9E" box="[953,1099,1705,1787]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">1:1.4</td>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DF851F93162BECA9E" box="[1148,1235,1705,1787]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">9 – 10.8</td>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DF926F93163FFCA9E" box="[1291,1426,1705,1787]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">beyond end of paraprocts</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3503B106A468001DFC8EF8AE63FFCBC3" box="[163,1426,1846,1958]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<th id="76D2D87AA468001DFC8EF8AE675ECBC3" box="[163,307,1846,1958]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A468FFE7FC8EF8CB66A2CBED" box="[163,307,1875,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Brachydiplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FC8EF8CB675ECB0E" box="[163,307,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Brachydiplax</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFD64F8AE67F7CBC3" box="[329,410,1846,1958]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">11 – 15</td>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFD95F8AE646CCBC3" box="[440,513,1846,1958]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">9 – 12</td>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFE04F8AE64C0CBC3" box="[553,685,1846,1958]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">6</td>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFEE5F8AE6576CBC3" box="[712,795,1846,1958]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">S3 – S8</td>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFF18F8AE65CCCBC3" box="[821,929,1846,1958]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">less than or reach end epiproct</td>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DFF94F8AE6226CBC3" box="[953,1099,1846,1958]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">1:1.6</td>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DF851F8AE62BECBC3" box="[1148,1235,1846,1958]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">16 – 20</td>
<td id="76D2D87AA468001DF926F8AE63FFCBC3" box="[1291,1426,1846,1958]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">not to end of paraprocts</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8CB344A468FFE7FCBAF840649ECB95" blockId="5.[151,755,2008,2032]" box="[151,755,2008,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<tableNote id="76D5B2CAA468FFE7FCBAF840649ECB95" box="[151,755,2008,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" targetBox="[163,1426,1579,1958]" targetPageId="5">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FCBAF84066C9CB95" bold="true" box="[151,164,2008,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">*</emphasis>
compared to 
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A468FFE7FD1BF840644BCB95" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1902" box="[310,550,2008,2032]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Brachydiplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="farinosa">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A468FFE7FD1BF840644BCB95" box="[310,550,2008,2032]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Brachydiplax farinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2CEB5A468FFE7FE47F8406481CB95" author="Butler, S. G." box="[618,748,2008,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" refId="ref2679" refString="Butler, S. G. (2012) Description of the last instar larva of Brachydiplax farinosa Kruger, 1902 from" type="book" year="2012">Butler 2012</bibRefCitation>
)
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8CB344A46BFFE4FCEAFF0F67B8CD78" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">
The phylogenetic relationship within 
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A46BFFE4FE43FF0F655FCCD4" authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1917" box="[622,818,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Brachydiplacinae">Brachydiplacinae</taxonomicName>
can only be resolved satisfactorily with a proper DNA analysis which is beyond the scope of this paper. To advance this work, 
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A46BFFE4FF98FF236279CCB0" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[949,1044,187,213]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Odonata</taxonomicName>
researchers should search for larva of genera occurring in the same Sundaic region, namely 
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A46BFFE4FF31FF4762E4CC9C" authority="Lieftinck, 1933" authorityName="Lieftinck" authorityYear="1933" box="[796,1161,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Chalybeothemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A46BFFE4FF31FF4765BDCC9C" box="[796,976,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Chalybeothemis</emphasis>
Lieftinck, 1933
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A46BFFE4F8B8FF4763F1CC9C" authority="Kirby, 1889" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1889" box="[1173,1436,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Raphismia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A46BFFE4F8B8FF476360CC9C" box="[1173,1293,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Raphismia</emphasis>
Kirby, 1889
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C33C8C7A46BFFE4FCEAFE9B67BDCD78" authority="Kirby, 1889" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1889" box="[199,464,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Tyriobapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9476F56A46BFFE4FCEAFE9B672CCD78" box="[199,321,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Tyriobapta</emphasis>
Kirby, 1889
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSection>
</treatment>
</document>