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<mods:title id="3E6675C7E99BA53AE5D122A7477892CD">The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C370960FF1DF9F3FD967252" ID-CoL="TRQL" ID-ENA="211739" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,556,1554,1581]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hipponicidae" genus="Cheilea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="equestris">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C370960FF1DF9F3FD967252" bold="true" box="[151,556,1554,1581]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C370960FF1DF9F3FEE47253" bold="true" box="[151,350,1554,1581]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cheilea equestris</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C370960FEE6F9F3FD997252" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[364,547,1554,1580]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref112867" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
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<figureCitation id="135D2A0F2C370960FF1DF9D6FF41722F" box="[151,251,1591,1617]" captionStart="PLATE 2" captionStartId="140.[151,234,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@140.[203,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="140" captionText="PLATE 2. A1-A2. Bittium nanum (Mayer, 1864), DBUA-F 1296-2, height 4.9 mm, width 2.0 mm, Malbusca. B. Tenagodus (Tenagodus) obtusus (Schumacher, 1817), DBUA-F 1283-2, height 12.0 mm, width 11.0 mm, Ponta do Castelo. C. Epitonium sp., DBUA-F 931-1, height 4.0 mm, width 2.8 mm, Pedra-que-pica. D1-D3. Janthina krejcii, SMF10135a, height 25.0 mm, diameter 32.0 mm, Macela viewpoint (pictures from Beu, 2017, fig. 26). E1-E3. Janthina typica (Bronn, 1861), DBUA-F-428, height 19.0 mm, diameter 21.0 mm, Ponta do Castelo, (pictures from Beu, 2017, fig. 25). F.Cheilea equestris (Linnaeus, 1758), DBUA-F 1283-1, diameter 30.0 mm, Ponta do Castelo. G1-G3. Hipponix sulcatus (Borson, 1820), DBUA-F 937-1, height 5.3 mm, diameter 14.0 mm, Ponta do Castelo. H1-H2. Euspira atlantica (Mayer, 1862), height 16.0 mm, diameter 19.0 mm, Ponta do Norte lighthouse, LNEG collection (unnumbered). I. Triphorid s.l., DBUA-F 471-5, height 3.2 mm, width 1.3 mm, Ponta do Castelo. J1-J2. Cerithiopsis cf. tubercularis (Montagu, 1803), DBUA-F 1023-1, height 3.0 mm, width 1.2 mm, Ponta do Castelo. K. Petaloconchus intortus (Lamarck, 1818), DBUA-F 946-2, height 13.0 mm, width 6.0 mm, Ponta dos Cedros. L. Thylacodes arenarius (Linnaeus, 1758), DBUA-F 869-1, height 33.0 mm, width 24.0 mm, Ponta dos Cedros. M1-M3. Alvania cancellata (da Costa, 1778), DBUA-F 1296-3, height 4.0 mm, width 2.2 mm, Malbusca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7965291" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7965291/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Plate 2 F</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C370960FF1DF99AFD9C72ED" blockId="37.[151,850,1659,2021]" box="[151,550,1659,1683]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C370960FF1DF99AFD9C72ED" box="[151,550,1659,1683]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
*
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C370960FF2EF99AFD9B72ED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3915688" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3915688" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:62EFDBFF-19EC-4384-8355-CF2FF62E80D6" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[164,545,1659,1683]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/829C7972127B751F600DA52F500CC58A" page="780" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1758">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C370960FF2EF99AFD9B72ED" authority="Linnaeus 1758: 780" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="780" authorityYear="1758" box="[164,545,1659,1683]" class="Gastropoda" family="Patellidae" genus="Patella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplysiida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="equestris">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C370960FF2EF99AFEF472ED" box="[164,334,1659,1683]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Patella equestris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C370960FEDFF99AFD9B72ED" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[341,545,1659,1683]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref112867" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus 1758: 780</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C370960FF1DF97BFD2772CC" box="[151,669,1690,1714]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C370960FF1DF97BFDA772CC" author="Michelotti, G." box="[151,541,1690,1714]" page="137" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1847">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C370960FF1DF97BFDA772CC" ID-CoL="8VQ67" authority="Michelotti 1847: 137" authorityName="Michelotti" authorityPageNumber="137" authorityYear="1847" box="[151,541,1690,1714]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hipponicidae" genus="Pileopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bredai">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C370960FF1DF97BFE8472CC" box="[151,318,1690,1714]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Pileopsis Bredai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C370960FECFF97BFDA772CC" author="Michelotti, G." box="[325,541,1690,1714]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref115616" refString="Michelotti, G. (1847) Description des fossiles des terrains mioce`nes de l'Italie septentrionale. Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen te Haarlem (2). Also as: Ouvrage publie´par la socie´te´Hollandaise des Sciences, et accompagne´d'un atlas de 17 planches. A. Arns &amp; Compie, Leiden, 408 pp." type="book" year="1847">Michelotti 1847: 137</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 5, fig. 3.
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<emphasis id="B912EA982C370960FF1DF959FEBF72AE" box="[151,261,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Caliptraea</emphasis>
[
<emphasis id="B912EA982C370960FE9EF958FE8A72AE" box="[276,304,1721,1744]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">sic</emphasis>
]
<emphasis id="B912EA982C370960FEB5F959FE7872AE" box="[319,450,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Equestroides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C370960FE42F959FDC972AE" author="Millet de la Turtaudie &amp; P. A" box="[456,627,1720,1744]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref115685" refString="Millet de la Turtaudie`re, P. A. (1854) Pale´ontologie de Maine-et-Loire. Cosnier et Lache`se, Angers, 187 pp." type="book" year="1854">Millet 1854: 165</bibRefCitation>
(
<emphasis id="B912EA982C370960FD0BF958FCAA72AE" box="[641,784,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">nomen nudum</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C370960FF1DF939FD4A7291" blockId="37.[151,850,1659,2021]" box="[151,752,1751,1776]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C370960FF1DF939FE7D7291" authority="Bronn" authorityName="Bronn" box="[151,455,1751,1775]" class="Gastropoda" family="Calyptraeidae" genus="Dyspotaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="semicanalis">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C370960FF1DF939FE387291" box="[151,386,1751,1775]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Dyspotaea semicanalis</emphasis>
Bronn
</taxonomicName>
in Hartung 1861: 120, fig. 4.
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C370960FF1DF916FD647370" box="[151,734,1782,1806]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C370960FF1DF916FE7D7373" authority="Bronn" authorityName="Bronn" box="[151,455,1782,1806]" class="Gastropoda" family="Calyptraeidae" genus="Dyspotaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="semicanalis">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C370960FF1DF916FE387370" box="[151,386,1782,1806]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Dyspotaea semicanalis</emphasis>
Bronn
</taxonomicName>
—Bronn in
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C370960FDCAF917FD637370" author="Reiss, W." box="[576,729,1782,1806]" page="33" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1862">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C370960FDCAF917FD637370" author="Reiss, W." box="[576,729,1782,1806]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref122153" refString="Reiss, W. (1862) Mittheilungen u ¨ ber die tertia ¨ ren Schichten von Santa Maria, der su ¨ dlichsten der Azoren, und ihre organischen Einschlu ¨ sse. Nebst Beschreibung dieser letzten und Abbildung der neuen Arten, von H. G. Bronn. Neues Jahrbuch fu ¨ r Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefactunkunde, 1862, 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1862">Reiss 1862: 33</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C370960FF1DF8F5FD327352" blockId="37.[151,850,1659,2021]" box="[151,648,1812,1837]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C370960FF1DF8F5FD327352" box="[151,648,1812,1837]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C370960FF1DF8F5FE7F7353" authority="Bronn" authorityName="Bronn" box="[151,453,1812,1837]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hipponicidae" genus="Mitrularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="semicanalis">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C370960FF1DF8F5FE3A7352" box="[151,384,1812,1836]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Mitrularia semicanalis</emphasis>
Bronn
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C370960FE55F8F4FD3E7352" author="Mayer, K." box="[479,644,1812,1837]" page="54" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1864">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C370960FE55F8F4FD3E7352" author="Mayer, K." box="[479,644,1812,1837]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref114600" refString="Mayer, K. (1864). Die Tertiar-fauna der Azoren und Madeiren. Zurich, published by the author. Z ¸ rich: vi + 107 pp. + 7 pls." type="book" year="1864">Mayer 1864: 54</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C370960FF1DF8D2FD387335" blockId="37.[151,850,1659,2021]" box="[151,642,1843,1867]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C370960FF1DF8D2FD387335" box="[151,642,1843,1867]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C370960FF1DF8D2FDC47335" author="Millet de la Turtaudie &amp; P. A" box="[151,638,1843,1867]" page="598" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1865">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C370960FF1DF8D2FDC47335" authority="Millet 1865: 598" authorityName="Millet" authorityPageNumber="598" authorityYear="1865" box="[151,638,1843,1867]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hipponicidae" genus="Caliptraea" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aequestroides">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C370960FF1DF8D2FEBF7335" box="[151,261,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Caliptraea</emphasis>
[
<emphasis id="B912EA982C370960FE9EF8D5FE8A7335" box="[276,304,1844,1867]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">sic</emphasis>
]
<emphasis id="B912EA982C370960FEB5F8D2FE717335" box="[319,459,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">aequestroides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C370960FE5BF8D2FDC47335" author="Millet de la Turtaudie &amp; P. A" box="[465,638,1843,1867]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref115755" refString="Millet de la Turtaudie`re, P. A. (1865) Indicateur du Maine-et-Loire ou indications par commune de ce que chacune d'elles renferme. Vol. 2. Cosnier et Lache`se, Angers, 616 pp." type="book" year="1865">Millet 1865: 598</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C370960FF1DF8B3FCA07314" blockId="37.[151,850,1659,2021]" box="[151,794,1874,1898]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C370960FF1DF8B3FCA07314" box="[151,794,1874,1898]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C370960FF1DF8B3FE237314" authority="(Mich.)" baseAuthorityName="Michelotti" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[151,409,1874,1898]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hipponicidae" genus="Mitrularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bredai">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C370960FF1DF8B3FEF37314" box="[151,329,1874,1898]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Mitrularia bredai</emphasis>
(Mich.)
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C370960FE3EF8B3FDD87314" author="Sacco, F." box="[436,610,1874,1898]" page="46" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1896">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C370960FE3EF8B3FDD87314" author="Sacco, F." box="[436,610,1874,1898]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref123296" refString="Sacco, F. (1896 b) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 20. (Caecidae, Vermetidae, Phoridae, Calyptraeidae, Capulidae, Hipponycidae e Neritidae). Carlo Clausen, Torino, 66 pp., 5 pls." type="book" year="1896">Sacco 1896b: 46</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 5, figs. 29-30.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C370960FF1DF890FC8273F6" blockId="37.[151,850,1659,2021]" box="[151,824,1904,1929]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C370960FF1DF890FC8273F6" box="[151,824,1904,1929]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
?
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C370960FF23F891FE6573F6" authority="(Boettger)" baseAuthorityName="Boettger" box="[169,479,1904,1928]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hipponicidae" genus="Cheilea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inexpectata">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C370960FF23F891FEC973F6" box="[169,371,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cheilea inexpectata</emphasis>
(Boettger)
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C370960FE73F891FD2473F7" author="Zilch, A." box="[505,670,1904,1929]" page="247" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1934">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C370960FE73F891FD2473F7" author="Zilch, A." box="[505,670,1904,1929]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="193 - 302" refId="ref129859" refString="Zilch, A. (1934) Zur Fauna des Mittel-Mioca ¨ ns von Kostej (Banat). Typus-Bestimmung und Tafeln zu O. Boettger's Bearbeitungen. Senckenbergiana, 16, 193 - 302." type="journal article" year="1934">Zilch 1934: 247</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 13, fig. 62.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C370960FF1DF86EFD1573D9" blockId="37.[151,850,1659,2021]" box="[151,687,1935,1959]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C370960FF1DF86EFD1573D9" box="[151,687,1935,1959]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C370960FF1DF86EFE3273D9" ID-CoL="TRQL" authority="Linne" authorityName="Linne" box="[151,392,1935,1959]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hipponicidae" genus="Cheilea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="equestris">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C370960FF1DF86EFEFD73D9" box="[151,327,1935,1959]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cheilea equestris</emphasis>
Linné
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C370960FE28F86EFDED73D9" author="Abbott, R. T." box="[418,599,1935,1959]" page="165" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1954">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C370960FE28F86EFDED73D9" author="Abbott, R. T." box="[418,599,1935,1959]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref88422" refString="Abbott, R. T. (1954) American Seashells. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, New York, xiv + 541 pp., 40 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7471" type="book" year="1954">Abbott 1954: 165</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl.
<specimenCount id="9D60FD032C370960FD08F86EFD1573D9" box="[642,687,1935,1959]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="generic">21p.</specimenCount>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C370960FF1DF84FFC9573B8" blockId="37.[151,850,1659,2021]" box="[151,815,1966,1990]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C370960FF1DF84FFC9573B8" box="[151,815,1966,1990]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C370960FF1DF84FFE7C73B8" ID-CoL="TRQL" authority="Linne, 1758" authorityName="Linne" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,454,1966,1990]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hipponicidae" genus="Cheilea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="equestris">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C370960FF1DF84FFEFD73BB" box="[151,327,1966,1990]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cheilea equestris</emphasis>
Linné, 1758
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C370960FE6BF84FFD1873B8" author="Brebion, P." box="[481,674,1966,1990]" page="306" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1964">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C370960FE6BF84FFD1873B8" author="Brebion, P." box="[481,674,1966,1990]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref95589" refString="Brebion, P. (1964) Les gasteropodes du Redonien et leur signification. Vols. 1 - 2. The`se de doctorat e`s-Sciences. Faculte des Sciences de l'Universite de Paris, Paris, 775 pp., 15 pls. [27 June 1964, unpublished]" type="book" year="1964">Brébion 1964: 306</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 7, fig. 23.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C370960FF1DF82DFCE8739A" blockId="37.[151,850,1659,2021]" box="[151,850,1996,2021]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C370960FF1DF82DFCE8739A" box="[151,850,1996,2021]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C370960FF1DF82DFDB1739A" authority="(Boettger, 1907)" baseAuthorityName="Boettger" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[151,523,1996,2021]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hipponicidae" genus="Cheilea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inexpectata">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C370960FF1DF82DFEDB739A" box="[151,353,1996,2020]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cheilea inexpectata</emphasis>
(Boettger, 1907)
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C370960FDAFF82DFD68739B" author="Baluk, W." box="[549,722,1996,2021]" page="173" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1975">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C370960FDAFF82DFD68739B" author="Baluk, W." box="[549,722,1996,2021]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 186" refId="ref92675" refString="Baluk, W. (1975) Lower Tortonian Gastropods from Korytnica, Poland. 1. Paleontologia Polonica 32, 1 - 186." type="journal article" year="1975">Bałuk 1975: 173</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 3, fig. 6.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C340963FF1DFF76FC4074D1" blockId="38.[151,1073,150,359]" box="[151,1018,150,175]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C340963FF1DFF76FC4074D1" box="[151,1018,150,175]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C340963FF1DFF76FDBC74D1" authority="(Michelotti, 1847)" baseAuthorityName="Michelotti" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[151,518,151,175]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hipponicidae" genus="Mitrularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bredai">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C340963FF1DFF76FEF374D1" box="[151,329,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Mitrularia bredai</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C340963FEDDFF76FE4574D1" author="Michelotti, G." box="[343,511,151,175]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref115616" refString="Michelotti, G. (1847) Description des fossiles des terrains mioce`nes de l'Italie septentrionale. Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen te Haarlem (2). Also as: Ouvrage publie´par la socie´te´Hollandaise des Sciences, et accompagne´d'un atlas de 17 planches. A. Arns &amp; Compie, Leiden, 408 pp." type="book" year="1847">Michelotti, 1847</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C340963FDAAFF76FCD774D0" author="Ferrero Mortara, E. L. &amp; Montefameglio, L. &amp; Novelli, M. &amp; Opesso, G. &amp; Pavia, G. &amp; Tampieri, R." box="[544,877,150,175]" page="253" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="1984">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C340963FDAAFF76FCD774D0" author="Ferrero Mortara, E. L. &amp; Montefameglio, L. &amp; Novelli, M. &amp; Opesso, G. &amp; Pavia, G. &amp; Tampieri, R." box="[544,877,150,175]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 484" refId="ref102372" refString="Ferrero Mortara, E. L., Montefameglio, L., Novelli, M., Opesso, G., Pavia, G. &amp; Tampieri, R. (1984) Catalogo dei tipi e degli esemplari figurati della collezione Bellardi e Sacco. 2. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Cataloghi 7, 1 - 484." type="journal article" year="1984">
Ferrero Mortara
<emphasis id="B912EA982C340963FD46FF76FD4374D1" box="[716,761,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al</emphasis>
. 1984: 253
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 43, fig. 6.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C340963FF1DFF54FC2074B3" blockId="38.[151,1073,150,359]" box="[151,922,181,205]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C340963FF1DFF54FC2074B3" box="[151,922,181,205]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C340963FF1DFF54FE5074B3" ID-CoL="7QMXG" authority="(Michelotti, 1847)" baseAuthorityName="Michelotti" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[151,490,181,205]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hipponicidae" genus="Cheilea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bredai">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C340963FF1DFF54FE9774B3" box="[151,301,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cheilea bredai</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C340963FEB1FF54FE5E74B3" author="Michelotti, G." box="[315,484,181,205]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref115616" refString="Michelotti, G. (1847) Description des fossiles des terrains mioce`nes de l'Italie septentrionale. Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen te Haarlem (2). Also as: Ouvrage publie´par la socie´te´Hollandaise des Sciences, et accompagne´d'un atlas de 17 planches. A. Arns &amp; Compie, Leiden, 408 pp." type="book" year="1847">Michelotti, 1847</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C340963FD8FFF54FC8F74B3" author="Bertarelli, C. &amp; Inzani, A." box="[517,821,181,205]" page="178" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="1986">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C340963FD8FFF54FC8F74B3" author="Bertarelli, C. &amp; Inzani, A." box="[517,821,181,205]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="177 - 181" refId="ref94202" refString="Bertarelli, C. &amp; Inzani, A. (1986) Prima segnalazione di Cheilea bredai (Michelotti, 1847) nel Pliocene italiano. Bollettino Malacologico, 22, 177 - 181." type="journal article" year="1986">Bertarelli &amp; Inzani 1986: 178</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 1-5.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C340963FF1DFF35FB8B7492" blockId="38.[151,1073,150,359]" box="[151,1073,212,236]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C340963FF1DFF35FB8B7492" box="[151,1073,212,236]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C340963FF1DFF35FE597492" ID-CoL="TRQL" authority="(Linneo, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linneo" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,483,212,236]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hipponicidae" genus="Cheilea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="equestris">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C340963FF1DFF35FEFD7492" box="[151,327,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cheilea equestris</emphasis>
(Linneo, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C340963FE77FF35FC997492" author="Pantoli, D. &amp; Ruggieri, G." box="[509,803,212,236]" page="42" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C340963FE77FF35FC997492" author="Pantoli, D. &amp; Ruggieri, G." box="[509,803,212,236]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="40 - 46" refId="ref118810" refString="Pantoli, D. &amp; Ruggieri, G. (1988) La Cheilea del Pliocene Italiano. Bollettino Malacologico, 24, 40 - 46." type="journal article" year="1988">Pantoli &amp; Ruggieri 1988: 42</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 1, figs. 1-7, text-fig. 1.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C340963FF1DFF12FCFA7575" blockId="38.[151,1073,150,359]" box="[151,832,242,267]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C340963FF1DFF12FCFA7575" box="[151,832,242,267]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C340963FF1DFF12FE6F7574" ID-CoL="TRQL" authority="(Linne, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,469,242,267]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hipponicidae" genus="Cheilea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="equestris">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C340963FF1DFF12FEFD7574" box="[151,327,243,267]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cheilea equestris</emphasis>
(Linné, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C340963FE65FF13FD1D7575" author="Redfern, C." box="[495,679,242,267]" page="48" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C340963FE65FF13FD1D7575" author="Redfern, C." box="[495,679,242,267]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref121682" refString="Redfern, C. (2001) Bahamian Seashells. A Thousand Species from Abaco, Bahamas. Bahamianseashells. com Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, 124 pp." type="book" year="2001">Redfern 2001: 48</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 25, fig. 26.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C340963FF1DFEF0FC0D7557" blockId="38.[151,1073,150,359]" box="[151,951,273,297]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C340963FF1DFEF0FC0D7557" box="[151,951,273,297]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C340963FF1DFEF0FE427557" ID-CoL="TRQL" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,504,273,297]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hipponicidae" genus="Cheilea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="equestris">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C340963FF1DFEF0FEFD7557" box="[151,327,273,297]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cheilea equestris</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C340963FEDFFEF0FE4B7557" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[341,497,273,297]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref112867" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C340963FD98FEF0FCBC7557" author="Landau, B. &amp; Marquet, R. &amp; Grigis, M." box="[530,774,273,297]" page="81" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C340963FD98FEF0FCBC7557" author="Landau, B. &amp; Marquet, R. &amp; Grigis, M." box="[530,774,273,297]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref111673" refString="Landau, B. M, Marquet, R. &amp; Grigis, M. (2004 a) The early Pliocene Gastropoda (Mollusca) of Estepona, southern Spain. 2. Orthogastropoda, Neotaenioglossa. Palaeontos, 4, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="2004">
Landau
<emphasis id="B912EA982C340963FDEDFEF3FD297557" box="[615,659,273,297]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al</emphasis>
. 2004a: 81
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 20, figs. 1, 2.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C340963FF1DFED1FCD37536" blockId="38.[151,1073,150,359]" box="[151,873,304,328]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C340963FF1DFED1FE427536" ID-CoL="TRQL" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,504,304,328]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hipponicidae" genus="Cheilea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="equestris">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C340963FF1DFED1FEFD7536" box="[151,327,304,328]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cheilea equestris</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C340963FEDFFED1FE4B7536" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[341,497,304,328]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref112867" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—Chirli 2008: 16, pl. 4, figs. 11-15.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C340963FF1DFEAEFC1D7519" blockId="38.[151,1073,150,359]" box="[151,935,334,359]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C340963FF1DFEAEFC1D7519" box="[151,935,334,359]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C340963FF1DFEAEFE427518" ID-CoL="TRQL" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,504,334,359]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hipponicidae" genus="Cheilea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="equestris">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C340963FF1DFEAEFEFD7518" box="[151,327,335,359]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cheilea equestris</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C340963FEDFFEAEFE4B7518" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[341,497,334,359]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref112867" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C340963FD98FEAFFD467519" author="Landau, B. M. &amp; Ceulemans, L. &amp; Van Dingenen, F." box="[530,764,334,359]" page="32" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C340963FD98FEAFFD467519" author="Landau, B. M. &amp; Ceulemans, L. &amp; Van Dingenen, F." box="[530,764,334,359]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="177 - 368" refId="ref110990" refString="Landau, B. M., Ceulemans, L. &amp; Van Dingenen, F. (2018) The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France. 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research, 18 (2), 177 - 368." type="journal article" year="2018">
Landau
<emphasis id="B912EA982C340963FDEDFEAEFD297519" box="[615,659,335,359]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al</emphasis>
. 2018: 32
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 33, figs. 1-2.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37C65012C340963FF1DFE75FAF975AD" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C340963FF1DFE75FAF975AD" blockId="38.[151,1437,404,1259]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C340963FF1DFE75FDA075D1" bold="true" box="[151,538,404,431]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Santa Maria material examined.</emphasis>
Maximum diameter 30.0 mm.
<collectionCode id="ED77AE4F2C340963FCFDFE74FC6575D1" box="[887,991,405,431]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">DBUA-F</collectionCode>
1283-1 (1),
<collectionCode id="ED77AE4F2C340963FBE1FE74FB6975D1" box="[1131,1235,405,431]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">DBUA-F</collectionCode>
492 (1), Ponta do Castelo;
<collectionCode id="ED77AE4F2C340963FF70FE58FED875AD" box="[250,354,441,467]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">DBUA-F</collectionCode>
1071 (1), Pedra-que-pica, Santa Maria Island,
<collectingRegion id="49A2F8682C340963FCE4FE58FC7A75AD" box="[878,960,441,467]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Azores</collectingRegion>
, Touril Complex, Lower Pliocene.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37C65012C340963FF4DFE3CFB1476D5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C340963FF4DFE3CFB1476D5" blockId="38.[151,1437,404,1259]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C340963FF4DFE3CFEE37589" bold="true" box="[199,345,477,503]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Description.</emphasis>
Shell medium sized, fragile, ovate, capuliform, with a very depressed profile. Protoconch small, naticiform, multispiral of 2.5 whorls, partly immersed in the teleoconch, placed slightly posterior to midline and displaced slightly to the left. Junction with teleoconch sharply delimited by scar. Teleoconch consists of one rapidly expanding, weakly convex, flattened whorl. Sculpture of irregular, concentric ridges and rugae, and fine spiral threads. Aperture very large, circular, peristome complete, with irregular edge. Inner aspect bears horseshoe-shaped lamina extending from the inner side of the apex (obscured by matrix in Azorean specimens).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37C65012C340963FF4DFD54FAB677D9" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C340963FF4DFD54FE277721" blockId="38.[151,1437,404,1259]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C340963FF4DFD54FEF676B1" bold="true" box="[199,332,693,719]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Discussion.</emphasis>
The diagnostic horse-shoe shaped lamina typical for the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C340963FB90FD54FAAF76B1" authority="Modeer, 1793" authorityName="Modeer" authorityYear="1793" box="[1050,1301,693,719]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hipponicidae" genus="Cheilea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C340963FB90FD54FBCB76B1" box="[1050,1137,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cheilea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C340963FBF3FD54FAAF76B1" author="Modeer, A." box="[1145,1301,693,719]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="83 - 112" refId="ref115989" refString="Modeer, A. (1793) Inledning til kunskapen om Maskkraken I allmanhet. Kongliga Vetenskaps Akademiens nya Handlingar, 14, 83 - 112." type="journal article" year="1793">Modeer, 1793</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is obscured in the Azorean specimens but the dorsal sculpture consisting of irregular, coarse concentric ridges and rugae are typical for
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C340963FE9FFD1CFDD27766" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[277,616,765,792]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hipponicidae" genus="Cheilea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="equestris">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C340963FE9FFD1CFE267769" box="[277,412,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">C. equestris</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C340963FE26FD1CFDDA7766" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[428,608,765,792]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref112867" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The dorsal sculpture changes with ontogeny so that juvenile specimens are elevated and almost smooth, whereas other shells are more depressed and strongly sculptured. The Azorean specimen is fully adult.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C340963FF4DFC88FAB677D9" blockId="38.[151,1437,404,1259]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
In Europe,
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C340963FEC3FC88FE6B77FD" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[329,465,873,899]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hipponicidae" genus="Cheilea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="equestris">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C340963FEC3FC88FE6B77FD" box="[329,465,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">C. equestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was present in Middle Miocene and Pliocene fully tropical assemblages but did not survive the cooling episode at the end of MPPMU1. Today, it has a tropical circumglobal distribution.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37C65012C340963FF4DFC50FDAB7132" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C340963FF4DFC50FCB87095" blockId="38.[151,1437,404,1259]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C340963FF4DFC50FEDA77B5" bold="true" box="[199,352,945,971]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Distribution.</emphasis>
Lower Miocene: Proto-Mediterranean,
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C340963FCB6FC50FCD577B5" box="[828,879,945,971]" name="Italy" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C340963FC0CFC50FB9977B5" author="Sacco, F." box="[902,1059,945,971]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref123296" refString="Sacco, F. (1896 b) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 20. (Caecidae, Vermetidae, Phoridae, Calyptraeidae, Capulidae, Hipponycidae e Neritidae). Carlo Clausen, Torino, 66 pp., 5 pls." type="book" year="1896">Sacco 1896b</bibRefCitation>
). Middle Miocene:?Paratethys,
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C340963FF1DFC34FF5F7791" box="[151,229,981,1007]" name="Poland" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Poland</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C340963FF7CFC34FEC5778E" author="Baluk, W." box="[246,383,981,1008]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 186" refId="ref92675" refString="Baluk, W. (1975) Lower Tortonian Gastropods from Korytnica, Poland. 1. Paleontologia Polonica 32, 1 - 186." type="journal article" year="1975">Bałuk 1975</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C340963FE1CFC34FE417791" box="[406,507,981,1007]" name="Romania" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Romania</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C340963FD86FC34FD347791" author="Zilch, A." box="[524,654,981,1007]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="193 - 302" refId="ref129859" refString="Zilch, A. (1934) Zur Fauna des Mittel-Mioca ¨ ns von Kostej (Banat). Typus-Bestimmung und Tafeln zu O. Boettger's Bearbeitungen. Senckenbergiana, 16, 193 - 302." type="journal article" year="1934">Zilch 1934</bibRefCitation>
). Upper Miocene: Atlantic (Tortonian), NW
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C340963FB1AFC34FB667791" box="[1168,1244,981,1007]" name="France" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">France</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C340963FB64FC34FA357791" author="Brebion, P." box="[1262,1423,981,1007]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref95589" refString="Brebion, P. (1964) Les gasteropodes du Redonien et leur signification. Vols. 1 - 2. The`se de doctorat e`s-Sciences. Faculte des Sciences de l'Universite de Paris, Paris, 775 pp., 15 pls. [27 June 1964, unpublished]" type="book" year="1964">Brébion 1964</bibRefCitation>
); Proto-Mediterranean,
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C340963FE04FC18FE7B706D" box="[398,449,1017,1043]" name="Italy" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C340963FE45FC18FDDF706D" author="Sacco, F." box="[463,613,1017,1043]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref123296" refString="Sacco, F. (1896 b) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 20. (Caecidae, Vermetidae, Phoridae, Calyptraeidae, Capulidae, Hipponycidae e Neritidae). Carlo Clausen, Torino, 66 pp., 5 pls." type="book" year="1896">Sacco 1896b</bibRefCitation>
). Lower Pliocene: Atlantic, Santa Maria Island, Azores (Bronn in Hartung 1861; Bronn in
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C340963FEDEFBFCFE6C7049" author="Reiss, W." box="[340,470,1053,1079]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref122153" refString="Reiss, W. (1862) Mittheilungen u ¨ ber die tertia ¨ ren Schichten von Santa Maria, der su ¨ dlichsten der Azoren, und ihre organischen Einschlu ¨ sse. Nebst Beschreibung dieser letzten und Abbildung der neuen Arten, von H. G. Bronn. Neues Jahrbuch fu ¨ r Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefactunkunde, 1862, 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1862">Reiss 1862</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C340963FE6CFBFCFDCC7049" author="Mayer, K." box="[486,630,1053,1079]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref114600" refString="Mayer, K. (1864). Die Tertiar-fauna der Azoren und Madeiren. Zurich, published by the author. Z ¸ rich: vi + 107 pp. + 7 pls." type="book" year="1864">Mayer 1864</bibRefCitation>
); central Mediterranean,
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C340963FC10FBFCFC777049" box="[922,973,1053,1079]" name="Italy" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C340963FC6AFBFCFBD17049" author="Chirli, C." box="[992,1131,1053,1079]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref98194" refString="Chirli, C. (2006) Malacofauna Pliocenica Toscana. Vol. 5. Caenogastropoda. Chirli, C., Firenze, 144 pp., 46 pls." type="book" year="2006">Chirli 2006</bibRefCitation>
). Upper Pliocene: western Mediterranean, Estepona Basin (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C340963FD9AFBA0FCB87025" author="Landau, B. &amp; Marquet, R. &amp; Grigis, M." box="[528,770,1089,1115]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref111673" refString="Landau, B. M, Marquet, R. &amp; Grigis, M. (2004 a) The early Pliocene Gastropoda (Mollusca) of Estepona, southern Spain. 2. Orthogastropoda, Neotaenioglossa. Palaeontos, 4, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="2004">
Landau
<emphasis id="B912EA982C340963FDFBFBA3FD1D7025" box="[625,679,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al</emphasis>
. 2004a
</bibRefCitation>
); central Mediterranean,
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C340963FBACFBA0FBE37025" box="[1062,1113,1089,1115]" name="Italy" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C340963FBE1FBA0FA2A7025" author="Bertarelli, C. &amp; Inzani, A." box="[1131,1424,1089,1115]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="177 - 181" refId="ref94202" refString="Bertarelli, C. &amp; Inzani, A. (1986) Prima segnalazione di Cheilea bredai (Michelotti, 1847) nel Pliocene italiano. Bollettino Malacologico, 22, 177 - 181." type="journal article" year="1986">Bertarelli &amp; Inzani 1986</bibRefCitation>
). Upper Pleistocene:
<collectingRegion id="49A2F8682C340963FEFBFB84FE757001" box="[369,463,1125,1151]" country="Egypt" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
, Hurghada,
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C340963FDDFFB84FD227001" box="[597,664,1125,1151]" name="Egypt" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Egypt</collectingCountry>
(NHMW coll.). Present-day: Circumglobal distribution; Indo-Pacific (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C340963FF2BFB68FE8C70DD" author="Wilson, B. R." box="[161,310,1161,1187]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref129051" refString="Wilson, B. R. (1993) Australian marine shells. Prosobranch gastropods. Part 1. Odyssey Publishing, Kallaroo, Western Australia, 408 pp." type="book" year="1993">Wilson 1993</bibRefCitation>
), eastern Pacific (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C340963FD8DFB68FD3070DD" author="Keen, A. M." box="[519,650,1161,1187]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref109563" refString="Keen, A. M. (1971) Seashells of Tropical West America. Marine Mollusks from Baja California to Peru (second edition). Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, 1064 pp." type="book" year="1971">Keen 1971</bibRefCitation>
); eastern Atlantic,
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C340963FCEFFB68FC5170DD" box="[869,1003,1161,1187]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cabo Verde</collectingCountry>
archipelago and West African shores (Rolán 2005;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C340963FEBAFB4FFE4070B6" author="Avila, S. P. &amp; Ramalho, R. &amp; Habermann, J. &amp; Quartau, R. &amp; Kroh, A. &amp; Berning, B. &amp; Johnson, M. &amp; Kirby, M. &amp; Zanon, V. &amp; Titschack, J. &amp; Goss, A. &amp; Rebelo, A. C. &amp; Melo, C. &amp; Madeira, P. &amp; Cordeiro, R. &amp; Meireles, R. &amp; Bagaco, L. &amp; Hipolito, A. &amp; Uchman, A. &amp; Da Silva, C. M. &amp; Madeira, J." box="[304,506,1197,1225]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="57 - 73" refId="ref91611" refString="Avila, S. P., Ramalho, R., Habermann, J., Quartau, R., Kroh, A., Berning, B., Johnson, M., Kirby, M., Zanon, V., Titschack, J., Goss, A., Rebelo, A. C., Melo, C., Madeira, P., Cordeiro, R., Meireles, R., Bagaco, L., Hipolito, A., Uchman, A., Da Silva, C. M., Cach &quot; o, M. &amp; Madeira, J. (2015 b) Palaeoecology, taphonomy, and preservation of a lower Pliocene shell bed (coquina) from a volcanic oceanic island (Santa Maria Island, Azores, NE Atlantic Ocean). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 430, 57 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palaeo. 2015.04.015" type="journal article" year="2015">
Ávila
<emphasis id="B912EA982C340963FEFEFB4FFE1E70B9" box="[372,420,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C340963FE66FB4CFE4070B6" author="Landau, B. M. &amp; Harzhauser, M." box="[492,506,1197,1224]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="45 - 72" refId="ref111208" refString="Landau, B. M. &amp; Harzhauser, M. (2022) The Pliocene Gastropoda (Mollusca) of Estepona, southern Spain. Part 14: Clavatulidae (Gastropoda, Conoidea). Cainozoic Research, 22 (1), 45 - 72." type="journal article" year="2022">b</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, 2022), southeastern Florida and West Indies (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C340963FC70FB4CFB3170B6" author="Abbott, R. T." box="[1018,1163,1197,1224]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref88422" refString="Abbott, R. T. (1954) American Seashells. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, New York, xiv + 541 pp., 40 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7471" type="book" year="1954">Abbott 1954</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C340963FB1CFB4CFA8970B9" author="Redfern, C." box="[1174,1331,1197,1223]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref121714" refString="Redfern, C. (2013) Bahamian Seashells: 1161 Species from Abaco, Bahamas. Bahamianseashells. com Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, 501 pp." type="book" year="2013">Redfern 2013</bibRefCitation>
), western Atlantic,
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C340963FF75FB30FED37095" box="[255,361,1233,1259]" name="Bermuda" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
, Carolinian biogeographic province.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C340963FF1DFAD3FDAB7132" blockId="38.[151,529,1330,1356]" box="[151,529,1330,1356]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C340963FF1DFAD3FDAB7132" bold="true" box="[151,529,1330,1356]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C340963FF60FAD3FDAB7132" authority="Defrance, 1819" authorityName="Defrance" authorityYear="1819" box="[234,529,1330,1356]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hipponicidae" genus="Hipponix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C340963FF60FAD3FEED7132" bold="true" box="[234,343,1330,1356]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Hipponix</emphasis>
Defrance, 1819
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37C65012C340963FF1DFA9BFEF171C7" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C340963FF1DFA9BFEF171C7" blockId="38.[151,1437,1402,1465]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<materialsCitation id="3B0E3CD72C340963FF1DFA9BFEF271C7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4117111334" country="France" location="Eocene" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C340963FF1DFA9BFE8E71EA" bold="true" box="[151,308,1402,1428]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<typeStatus id="54DD88282C340963FF1DFA9BFF6871EA" box="[151,210,1402,1428]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C340963FEB7FA9BFD9971EA" authorityName="Roding" authorityYear="1798" box="[317,547,1402,1428]" class="Gastropoda" family="Patellidae" genus="Patella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplysiida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cornucopiae">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C340963FEB7FA9BFD9971EA" box="[317,547,1402,1428]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Patella cornucopiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, R̂ding, 1798 (Defrance 1819: 8), by subsequent designation (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C340963FB76FA9BFA2A71EA" author="Anton, H. E." box="[1276,1424,1402,1428]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref89370" refString="Anton, H. E. (1838) Verzeichniss der Conchylien welche sich in der Sammlung von Herbert Eduard Anton befinden. Anton, H. E., Halle, XVI + 110 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11509" type="book" year="1838">Anton, 1838</bibRefCitation>
).
<location id="8EB960512C340963FF1DFA7EFF5671C7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CF879C2C370963FF1DF9F3FEF171C7:8EB960512C340963FF1DFA7EFF5671C7" box="[151,236,1439,1465]" country="France" name="Eocene" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Eocene</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C340963FF72FA7EFEF271C7" box="[248,328,1439,1465]" name="France" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">France</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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