135 lines
18 KiB
XML
135 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="3A450793922C49CCAE2B32FF450FF5D1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-ZooBank="F40F4216-16B3-4213-80C0-898E21B69C2D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629810019092" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Giorgi, José Adriano & Vandenberg, Natalia J." docDate="2012" docId="03A7903FE32CAF6AC2CDF9D4FCA015F9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03478p255.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3478" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Phaenochilus punctifrons Weise 1895" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="252" masterDocId="FF9EE847E320AF67C25AFFBEFFE91436" masterDocTitle="Review of the lady beetle genus Phaenochilus Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Chilocorini) with description of a new species from Thailand that preys on cycad aulacaspis scale, Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha:" masterLastPageNumber="255" masterPageNumber="239" pageNumber="251" updateTime="1699115443238" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="BD3B70D28D621F6BBBF752C77BC540B6">Review of the lady beetle genus Phaenochilus Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Chilocorini) with description of a new species from Thailand that preys on cycad aulacaspis scale, Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha:</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="027DB304FBAE9BACBE6560EE0A1221EB" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="55F5B65498CE74E27CB940F647D5CA46">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4FEE3C901493EDA3092C66643D880E45">Giorgi, José Adriano</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="290DA3C4DD276D0A5219182708D71402">Laboratório de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Pará Altamira, Pará 68372 - 040, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="827F722605C744150979C6301FB6F236">Vandenberg, Natalia J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="74C5925378426F5D133CF1B0F5B5304D">Systematic Entomology Lab (SEL), Plant Sciences Institute, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, c / o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, MRC- 168, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A8341EBD477A33C7D45894B34E637668">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="09CDC72496D44066A55EEC02BD6144D4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BA09DCE269D71B84BF2CB7153B298148">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2B2DD694E89DB6EB5E5C2D0C3664C177">2012-09-11</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9E5FECBDCB64F71A3BF54B118132D3CE">3478</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03A7903FE32CAF6AC2CDF9D4FCA015F9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5278879" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5278879" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A7903FE32CAF6AC2CDF9D4FCA015F9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A7903FE32CAF6AC2CDF9D4FCA015F9" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="252" pageId="12" pageNumber="251">
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<paragraph id="8BB12129E32CAF6BC2CDF9D4FD9612B2" blockId="12.[151,639,1642,1668]" box="[151,639,1642,1668]" pageId="12" pageNumber="251">
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<heading id="D0F99645E32CAF6BC2CDF9D4FD9612B2" bold="true" box="[151,639,1642,1668]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="251" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B97AFD3BE32CAF6BC2CDF9D4FD9612B2" bold="true" box="[151,639,1642,1668]" pageId="12" pageNumber="251">
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7.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E5AAAE32CAF6BC2EEF9D4FD9612B2" authority="Weise 1895" authorityName="Weise" authorityYear="1895" box="[180,639,1642,1668]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Phaenochilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctifrons">
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<emphasis id="B97AFD3BE32CAF6BC2EEF9D4FE0712B2" bold="true" box="[180,494,1642,1668]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="251">Phaenochilus punctifrons</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F5CD8E32CAF6BC3AFF9D4FD9612B2" author="Weise, J." box="[501,639,1642,1668]" pageId="12" pageNumber="251" pagination="120 - 146" refId="ref11576" refString="Weise, J. (1895) Neue Coccinelliden sowie Bemerkungen zu bekannten Arten. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 39, 120 - 146 (in German)." type="journal article" year="1895">Weise 1895</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31472A2E32CAF6BC2CDF90FFA6912F1" box="[151,1408,1713,1735]" pageId="12" pageNumber="251" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB12129E32CAF6BC2CDF90FFA6912F1" blockId="12.[151,1408,1713,1735]" box="[151,1408,1713,1735]" pageId="12" pageNumber="251">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1E0607E32CAF6BC2CDF90FFA6912F1" box="[151,1408,1713,1735]" pageId="12" pageNumber="251">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAF0738E32CAF6BC2CDF90FFDA012F1" author="Weise, J." box="[151,585,1713,1735]" page="136" pageId="12" pageNumber="251" year="1895">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E5AAAE32CAF6BC2CDF90FFDA012F1" authority="Weise 1895: 136" authorityName="Weise" authorityPageNumber="136" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,585,1713,1735]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Phaenochilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctifrons">
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<emphasis id="B97AFD3BE32CAF6BC2CDF90FFE7012F1" box="[151,409,1713,1735]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="251">Phaenochilus punctifrons</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F5CD8E32CAF6BC3FAF90FFDA012F1" author="Weise, J." box="[416,585,1713,1735]" pageId="12" pageNumber="251" pagination="120 - 146" refId="ref11576" refString="Weise, J. (1895) Neue Coccinelliden sowie Bemerkungen zu bekannten Arten. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 39, 120 - 146 (in German)." type="journal article" year="1895">Weise 1895: 136</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(original description);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAF0738E32CAF6BC169F90FFC1E12F1" author="Chapin, E. A." box="[819,1015,1713,1735]" page="267" pageId="12" pageNumber="251" year="1965">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F5CD8E32CAF6BC169F90FFC1E12F1" author="Chapin, E. A." box="[819,1015,1713,1735]" pageId="12" pageNumber="251" pagination="227 - 271" refId="ref9928" refString="Chapin, E. A. (1965 b) The genera of the Chilocorini (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 133 (4), 227 - 271." type="journal article" year="1965">Chapin 1965b: 267</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, in part (illustration of male genitalia).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31472A2E32CAF6BC2CDF94AFC021306" pageId="12" pageNumber="251" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB12129E32CAF6BC2CDF94AFC021306" blockId="12.[151,1436,1779,2020]" pageId="12" pageNumber="251">
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<emphasis id="B97AFD3BE32CAF6BC2CDF94AFEA3133A" bold="true" box="[151,330,1779,1804]" pageId="12" pageNumber="251">Type material:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B662B74E32CAF6BC309F94AFC021306" collectionCode="MNHB, MIZW" collectorName="P. Laczynski" pageId="12" pageNumber="251" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
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<typeStatus id="54B59F8BE32CAF6BC309F94AFE5B133A" box="[339,434,1780,1804]" pageId="12" pageNumber="251" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
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, female (
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<collectionCode id="ED1FB9ECE32CAF6BC044F94AFD9C133A" box="[542,629,1780,1804]" pageId="12" pageNumber="251">MNHB</collectionCode>
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) (digital images of dorsal habitus and SEMs of morphological details taken by
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<collectorName id="26FB44FFE32CAF6BC2A7F8A7FE621306" box="[253,395,1816,1840]" pageId="12" pageNumber="251">P. Laczynski</collectorName>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED1FB9ECE32CAF6BC3C3F8A6FE031306" box="[409,490,1816,1840]" pageId="12" pageNumber="251">MIZW</collectionCode>
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) examined). Type locality: “Insula Banguey.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31472A2E32CAF6AC29DF882FCA015F9" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="252" pageId="12" pageNumber="251" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB12129E32CAF6BC29DF882FB2113D2" blockId="12.[151,1436,1779,2020]" pageId="12" pageNumber="251">
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<emphasis id="B97AFD3BE32CAF6BC29DF882FED41362" bold="true" box="[199,317,1852,1876]" pageId="12" pageNumber="251">Remarks:</emphasis>
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Both
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E5AAAE32CAF6BC3D3F883FDD61362" authorityName="Miyatake" authorityYear="1970" box="[393,575,1852,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Phaenochilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metasternalis">
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<emphasis id="B97AFD3BE32CAF6BC3D3F883FDD61362" box="[393,575,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="251">P. metasternalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E5AAAE32CAF6BC027F883FD1E1362" authorityName="Giorgi & Vandenberg" authorityYear="2012" box="[637,759,1852,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Phaenochilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kashaya">
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<emphasis id="B97AFD3BE32CAF6BC027F883FD1E1362" box="[637,759,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="251">P. kashaya</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have been confused with this species in the past (see the corresponding remarks sections, above).
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E5AAAE32CAF6BC030F8DEFC63134E" box="[618,906,1888,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Phaenochilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctifrons">
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<emphasis id="B97AFD3BE32CAF6BC030F8DEFC63134E" box="[618,906,1888,1912]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="251">Phaenochilus punctifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from both of these other species by the less expansive pronotum with the lateral part on each side of the head only weakly prolonged and tightly, evenly rounded apically (
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<figureCitation id="13353DACE32CAF6BC04EF816FD8713F6" box="[532,622,1960,1984]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–27" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[397,1195,186,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-58@10.[354,1232,185,1955]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 25–27. Frontal views of Phaenochilus species, males (for comparative purposes, size adjusted to constant head width using outer margin of eyes as a landmark). 25, P. punctifrons Weise; 26, P. metasternalis Miyatake; 27, P.kashaya, n. sp." pageId="12" pageNumber="251">Figs 25</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13353DACE32CAF6BC027F816FD2013F6" box="[637,713,1960,1984]" captionStart="FIGURES 28–31" captionStartId="11.[151,263,1329,1352]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,943,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-505@11.[151,1436,941,1308]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 28–31. Pronota of Phaenochilus species (size adjusted to constant head width using outer margin of eyes as a landmark): 28, overlapping outlines of all three of the species shown separately at right; 29, P. punctifrons Weise; 30, P. metasternalis Miyatake; 31, P. kashaya n. sp." pageId="12" pageNumber="251">28, 29</figureCitation>
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), by the roughly semicircular shape of the elytral dorsum in a frontal view (
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<figureCitation id="13353DACE32CAF6BC374F872FE6B13D2" box="[302,386,1996,2020]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–27" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[397,1195,186,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-58@10.[354,1232,185,1955]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 25–27. Frontal views of Phaenochilus species, males (for comparative purposes, size adjusted to constant head width using outer margin of eyes as a landmark). 25, P. punctifrons Weise; 26, P. metasternalis Miyatake; 27, P.kashaya, n. sp." pageId="12" pageNumber="251">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
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), and by the nearly symmetrical basal lobe of the male genitalia (
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<figureCitation id="13353DACE32CAF6BC606F872FB5313D2" box="[1116,1210,1996,2020]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1831,1854]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,185,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-134@6.[151,1436,185,1852]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 8–11. Male genitalia of Phaenochilus species. 8, P. mikado Weise (redrawn from Kamiya 1959, Sasaji 1971): a, ventral view of phallobase; b, left lateral view of phallobase; c, left lateral view of sipho. 9, P. flaviceps Miyatake: a, ventral view of phallobase; b, right lateral view of phallobase; c, right lateral view of sipho (reproduced from Miyatake 1970b). 10, P. indicus Miyatake: a, ventral view of phallobase; b, right lateral view of phallobase; c, right lateral view of sipho (reproduced from Miyatake 1970b). 11, P. punctifrons Weise: a, ventral view of phallobase; b, right lateral view of phallobase; c, right lateral view of sipho (specimen from Surigao, Mindanao). Scale bar applies to figs 9–11." pageId="12" pageNumber="251">Fig. 11a</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB12129E32DAF6AC29DFF29FCA015F9" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="252">
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The male genitalia of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E5AAAE32DAF6AC3E6FF27FDBC1486" box="[444,597,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Phaenochilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctifrons">
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<emphasis id="B97AFD3BE32DAF6AC3E6FF27FDBC1486" box="[444,597,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="252">P. punctifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were illustrated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F5CD8E32DAF6AC169FF29FC0A1499" author="Chapin, E. A." box="[819,995,151,175]" pageId="13" pageNumber="252" pagination="227 - 271" refId="ref9928" refString="Chapin, E. A. (1965 b) The genera of the Chilocorini (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 133 (4), 227 - 271." type="journal article" year="1965">Chapin (1965b)</bibRefCitation>
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based on an individual from Mindanao Island which he recorded as “Mindanao, Kolambugan, C.F.Baker #16609” in his little black notebook, and designated as “X-14” (see also remarks under
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E5AAAE32DAF6AC0FAFF5FFCBA14CE" authorityName="Miyatake" authorityYear="1970" box="[672,851,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Phaenochilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metasternalis">
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<emphasis id="B97AFD3BE32DAF6AC0FAFF5FFCBA14CE" box="[672,851,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="252">P. metasternalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, above). This slide could not be located in Chapin’s slide cabinet (USNM), but a second specimen from Mindanao Island labeled “Surigao, Mindanao, Baker” was dissected and found to have matching male genitalia except for the shape of the sipho. When we transferred our new dissection between media of different viscosities, the sipho temporarily assumed an S-shape matching Chapin’s drawing, apparently due to a difference in the hydrostatic pressure on the outside and inside of the siphonal tube. When allowed to equilibrate, the structure resumes the simple curved shape seen in our figure (
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<figureCitation id="13353DACE32DAF6AC734FE2AFF2815F9" captionStart="FIGURES 8–11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1831,1854]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,185,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-134@6.[151,1436,185,1852]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 8–11. Male genitalia of Phaenochilus species. 8, P. mikado Weise (redrawn from Kamiya 1959, Sasaji 1971): a, ventral view of phallobase; b, left lateral view of phallobase; c, left lateral view of sipho. 9, P. flaviceps Miyatake: a, ventral view of phallobase; b, right lateral view of phallobase; c, right lateral view of sipho (reproduced from Miyatake 1970b). 10, P. indicus Miyatake: a, ventral view of phallobase; b, right lateral view of phallobase; c, right lateral view of sipho (reproduced from Miyatake 1970b). 11, P. punctifrons Weise: a, ventral view of phallobase; b, right lateral view of phallobase; c, right lateral view of sipho (specimen from Surigao, Mindanao). Scale bar applies to figs 9–11." pageId="13" pageNumber="252">Fig. 11c</figureCitation>
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). (See also “Remarks” section for
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E5AAAE32DAF6AC01EFE07FD0115F9" box="[580,744,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Phaenochilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monostigma">
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<emphasis id="B97AFD3BE32DAF6AC01EFE07FD0115F9" box="[580,744,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="252">P. monostigma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, above.)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |