treatments-xml/data/03/BC/2F/03BC2F53513CFFE1C1CAF9485A9FFEF2.xml

<document id="8D0592DF84D5F6CA563E2769C9851F42" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.193312" ID-GBIF-Dataset="becbe9e7-b072-464c-a565-fb0915d012f4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="193312" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460132841858" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sparks, John S. &amp; Stiassny, Melanie L. J." docDate="2010" docId="03BC2F53513CFFE1C1CAF9485A9FFEF2" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02341p051.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2341" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi Sparks &amp; Stiassny, 2010, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="FF85572B513DFFEEC15DFF855840FFD0" masterDocTitle="A new species of Ptychochromis from northeastern Madagascar (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with an updated phylogeny and revised diagnosis for the genus" masterLastPageNumber="51" masterPageNumber="33" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1698235167367" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="B6A65B8B59BA7D4D3F2F25A289FED25E">A new species of Ptychochromis from northeastern Madagascar (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with an updated phylogeny and revised diagnosis for the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0F16EC064FFFFE617EA331FD519B3CA1">Sparks, John S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7C67D538DE459736B88149F6DF1EA3BD">Stiassny, Melanie L. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="9ECEE8A76686B91C8F76084216E18DEC">2010</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03BC2F53513CFFE1C1CAF9485A9FFEF2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5624421" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119383035" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5624421" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E7BF8F29-37E5-4D28-857C-7E5380AD276A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC2F53513CFFE1C1CAF9485A9FFEF2" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
<subSubSection id="C30FCDCE513CFFEFC1CAF94859D0F8DA" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAA9E45513CFFEFC1CAF9485AE3F937" blockId="1.[151,675,1741,1802]" box="[151,675,1741,1767]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
<heading id="D0E22929513CFFEFC1CAF9485AE3F937" bold="true" box="[151,675,1741,1767]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9614257513CFFEFC1CAF9485AE3F937" bold="true" box="[151,675,1741,1767]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C6513CFFEFC1CAF9485A44F937" ID-CoL="4Q9YV" box="[151,516,1741,1767]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ernestmagnusi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9614257513CFFEFC1CAF9485A44F937" bold="true" box="[151,516,1741,1767]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A252FF2C513CFFEFC34EF9485AE3F937" box="[531,675,1741,1767]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E45513CFFEFC1CAF97559D0F8DA" blockId="1.[151,675,1741,1802]" box="[151,400,1776,1802]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
<figureCitation id="132E82C0513CFFEFC1CAF975596BF8DA" box="[151,299,1776,1802]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="2.[152,256,999,1023]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,257,1384,1408]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,261,1634,1658]" captionStartId-3="8.[151,258,1254,1278]" captionTargetBox-0="[178,1406,391,932]" captionTargetBox-1="[163,1416,193,1345]" captionTargetBox-2="[225,1363,238,1574]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1435,520,1232]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,346,975]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[151,1436,151,1369]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[213,1382,194,1613]" captionTargetId-3="figure@8.[151,1436,520,1234]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi, AMNH 249490, holotype, adult male, 146.6 mm SL (scale bar = 1 cm)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Left lateral view of the oral jaws and anterior region of the suspensorium of P. ernestmagnusi (AMNH 249489, paratype, 87.5 mm SL, female, C &amp; S) illustrating the “ eastern type palatine ” (shaded in gray) morphology." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Left lateral view of the dorsoposterior margin of the neurocranium illustrating morphology of the supraneural bones (in black) and their relationship to the supraoccipital bone. A) Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi, B) P. makira, C) P. c u r v i d e n s, and D) P. oligacanthus. Arrows indicate degree of overlap of supraoccipital crest by anterior supraneural." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi, AMNH 249490, holotype, 146.6 mm SL, adult male. Freshly captured specimen illustrating adult coloration in life. Photo by Paul Loiselle." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/193313/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/193314/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/193315/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/193316/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Figures 1– 5</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C697ABFE513CFFEFC064F97559D0F8DA" box="[313,400,1776,1802]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,407,431]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,522,1644]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric and meristic data for Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi, new species. Proportional measurements (mm) in percent standard length (SL) or percent head length (HL), unless noted otherwise. Values in parentheses indicate number of specimens examined with that count. (H) indicates count corresponding to holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6ACECD513EFFEDC1CAFE125CCFFE3F" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" tableUuid="DF6ACECD513EFFEDC1CAFE125CCFFE3F">Table 1</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30FCDCE513CFFECC1CAF8B85BF6FEF2" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAA9E45513CFFEFC1CAF8B85CA1F850" blockId="1.[151,1437,1851,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B9614257513CFFEFC1CAF8B85952F887" bold="true" box="[151,274,1853,1879]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
<typeStatus id="54AE20E7513CFFEFC1CAF8B8594EF887" box="[151,270,1853,1879]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED040680513CFFEFC047F8B85934F887" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[282,372,1853,1879]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">AMNH</collectionCode>
<quantity id="4CED33A0513CFFEFC027F8B85A18F887" box="[378,600,1853,1879]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.494901466" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="2.494901466E8">249490, 146.6 mm</quantity>
SL, male, Mananara (du nord) River at Antanambaobe Village (16° 16′ 0 1″S, 49°40′ 0 1″E), 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED5513CFFEFC0D6F8E35A5BF850" box="[395,539,1894,1920]" name="Madagascar" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, 
<quantity id="4CED33A0513CFFEFC37AF8E35A31F850" box="[551,625,1894,1920]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
a.s.l., MG 10-06, coll. P.V. Loiselle, 
<date id="FFABB885513CFFEFC57EF8E35C9CF850" box="[1059,1244,1894,1920]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" value="2006-10-04">4 October 2006</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E45513CFFECC199F80F59C1FF07" blockId="1.[151,1437,1851,2035]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,152,290]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B9614257513CFFEFC199F80F5911F874" bold="true" box="[196,337,1930,1956]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
<typeStatus id="54AE20E7513CFFEFC199F80F590CF874" box="[196,332,1930,1956]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED040680513CFFEFC007F80E59F6F875" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[346,438,1931,1957]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">AMNH</collectionCode>
249488, 9 ex., incl. 1 ex. C&amp;S, 
<quantity id="4CED33A0513CFFEFC217F80E5BBDF875" box="[842,1021,1931,1957]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.77" metricValueMax="9.95" metricValueMin="7.59" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="87.7" valueMax="99.5" valueMin="75.9">75.9–99.5 mm</quantity>
SL, Mananara (du nord) River at Antanibaolina Village (16° 15′ 0 1″S, 49 ° 40′ 41″E), 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED5513CFFEFC25AF8365BD6F81D" box="[775,918,1971,1997]" name="Madagascar" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, 
<quantity id="4CED33A0513CFFEFC2FEF8365BAEF81D" box="[931,1006,1971,1997]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="108.0">108 m</quantity>
a.s.l., MG 09-06, coll. P.V. Loiselle, 
<date id="FFABB885513CFFEFC1CAF85C591AF823" box="[151,346,2009,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" value="2006-10-04">4 October 2006</date>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED040680513CFFEFC038F85C5981F823" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[357,449,2009,2035]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">AMNH</collectionCode>
249489, 8 ex., incl. 1 ex. C&amp;S, 51.5–99.0 mm SL, data as for 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E7513CFFEFC59BF85C5D75F823" box="[1222,1333,2009,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED040680513CFFEFC41CF85C5DDCF823" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1345,1436,2009,2035]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">MNHN</collectionCode>
2009-1674, 2 ex., 79.4–98.0 mm SL, data as for 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E7513FFFECC384FF1D5B04FF62" box="[729,836,152,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED040680513FFFECC212FF1D5BEBFF62" box="[847,939,152,178]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">UMMZ</collectionCode>
248823, 2 ex., 83.0– 
<quantity id="4CED33A0513FFFECC5FAFF1D5D50FF62" box="[1191,1296,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.64" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="86.4">86.4 mm</quantity>
SL, data as for 
<collectionCode id="ED040680513FFFECC19DFF38595AFF07" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[192,282,189,215]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">AMNH</collectionCode>
249488.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E45513FFFECC199FF675BF6FEF2" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,290]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B9614257513FFFECC199FF675A11FF2C" bold="true" box="[196,593,226,252]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Non-Type Material Examined:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED040680513FFFECC307FF675AF5FF2C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[602,693,226,252]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">MNHN</collectionCode>
1935-0007, 1 ex., 
<quantity id="4CED33A0513FFFECC2C3FF675C59FF2C" box="[926,1049,226,252]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.285" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="128.5">128.5 mm</quantity>
SL, Mananara (du nord) River, 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED5513FFFECC1CAFE8D5967FEF2" box="[151,295,264,290]" name="Madagascar" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
. No additional collection locality information available.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6ACECD513FFFECC1C5FC625D26FC2E" box="[152,1382,999,1023]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193313/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[178,1406,391,932]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BAA9E45513FFFECC1C5FC625D26FC2E" blockId="2.[152,1382,999,1023]" box="[152,1382,999,1023]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B9614257513FFFECC1C5FC62595BFC2F" bold="true" box="[152,283,999,1023]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C6513FFFECC07CFC6D5A22FC2F" box="[289,610,1000,1023]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ernestmagnusi">
<emphasis id="B9614257513FFFECC07CFC6D5A22FC2F" box="[289,610,1000,1023]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, AMNH 249490, holotype, adult male, 146.6 mm SL (scale bar = 1cm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30FCDCE513FFFECC199FBA95C95FA6C" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAA9E45513FFFECC199FBA95C95FA6C" blockId="2.[151,1437,1068,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B9614257513FFFECC199FBA9590DFB96" bold="true" box="[196,333,1068,1094]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C6513FFFECC028FBA85A71FB96" box="[373,561,1069,1094]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9614257513FFFECC028FBA85A71FB96" box="[373,561,1069,1094]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Ptychochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibiting the eastern-type palatine morphology (
<figureCitation id="132E82C0513FFFECC5EDFBA85CBEFB97" box="[1200,1278,1069,1095]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,257,1384,1408]" captionTargetBox="[163,1416,193,1345]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,151,1369]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Left lateral view of the oral jaws and anterior region of the suspensorium of P. ernestmagnusi (AMNH 249489, paratype, 87.5 mm SL, female, C &amp; S) illustrating the “ eastern type palatine ” (shaded in gray) morphology." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193314/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) and further distinguished from all congeners except 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C6513FFFECC32BFBD75B5AFBBB" box="[630,794,1106,1131]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandidieri">
<emphasis id="B9614257513FFFECC32BFBD75B5AFBBB" box="[630,794,1106,1131]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">P. grandidieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C6513FFFECC274FBD75BE4FBBB" box="[809,932,1106,1131]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loisellei">
<emphasis id="B9614257513FFFECC274FBD75BE4FBBB" box="[809,932,1106,1131]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">P. loisellei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B9614257513FFFECC2E9FBD75C60FBBB" box="[948,1056,1106,1131]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">P. m a k i r a</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C6513FFFECC502FBD75CAFFBBB" box="[1119,1263,1106,1131]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curvidens">
<emphasis id="B9614257513FFFECC502FBD75CAFFBBB" box="[1119,1263,1106,1131]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">P. curvidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by an anterior displacement of the first supraneural such that it overlies the dorsoposterior margin of the supraoccipital (
<figureCitation id="132E82C0513FFFECC430FBFD58E4FB67" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,261,1634,1658]" captionTargetBox="[225,1363,238,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[213,1382,194,1613]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Left lateral view of the dorsoposterior margin of the neurocranium illustrating morphology of the supraneural bones (in black) and their relationship to the supraoccipital bone. A) Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi, B) P. makira, C) P. c u r v i d e n s, and D) P. oligacanthus. Arrows indicate degree of overlap of supraoccipital crest by anterior supraneural." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193315/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A– C). Among eastern group 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C6513FFFECC348FB185A8BFB66" box="[533,715,1181,1206]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9614257513FFFECC348FB185A8BFB66" box="[533,715,1181,1206]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Ptychochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B9614257513FFFECC381FB185B0EFB66" box="[732,846,1181,1206]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">P. m a k i r a</emphasis>
shares with 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C6513FFFECC2B2FB185C80FB66" box="[1007,1216,1181,1206]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ernestmagnusi">
<emphasis id="B9614257513FFFECC2B2FB185C80FB66" box="[1007,1216,1181,1206]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">P. ernestmagnusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the possession of supraneurals with a characteristically flattened dorsal profile, which is interpreted here as a synapomorphy uniting these two geographically proximate species. Also shared with 
<emphasis id="B9614257513FFFECC2A9FB6D5C24FAD1" box="[1012,1124,1256,1281]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">P. m a k i r a</emphasis>
is the presence of strong (paired) lateral barring as a prominent component of pigmentation patterning; however, 
<emphasis id="B9614257513FFFECC58DFA885D00FAF6" box="[1232,1344,1293,1318]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">P. m a k i r a</emphasis>
can be distinguished by distinctively V-shaped lateral flank bars, whereas in 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C6513FFFECC288FAB75CE0FA9B" box="[981,1184,1330,1355]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ernestmagnusi">
<emphasis id="B9614257513FFFECC288FAB75CE0FA9B" box="[981,1184,1330,1355]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">P. ernestmagnusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the bars are oriented vertically. 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C6513FFFECC04BFADD5AC0FAA1" box="[278,640,1368,1393]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ernestmagnusi">
<emphasis id="B9614257513FFFECC04BFADD5AC0FAA1" box="[278,640,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is further distinguished from 
<emphasis id="B9614257513FFFECC2B4FADD5C18FAA1" box="[1001,1112,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">P. m a k i r a</emphasis>
by conspicuous iridescent spangling on the flank and dorsal fin near its base, dusky grayish-green base coloration (vs. whitish), four lachrymal laterosensory foramina (vs. three), and a total of seven (vs. six) infraorbital bones.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30FCDCE513FFFE9C19BFA425A8DF8B7" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAA9E45513FFFECC19BFA425C14F8E2" blockId="2.[151,1437,1068,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B9614257513FFFECC19BFA42591FFA31" bold="true" box="[198,351,1479,1505]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Description.</emphasis>
Morphometric and meristic data presented in 
<tableCitation id="C697ABFE513FFFECC2CCFA4D5BACFA32" box="[913,1004,1480,1506]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,407,431]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,522,1644]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric and meristic data for Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi, new species. Proportional measurements (mm) in percent standard length (SL) or percent head length (HL), unless noted otherwise. Values in parentheses indicate number of specimens examined with that count. (H) indicates count corresponding to holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6ACECD513EFFEDC1CAFE125CCFFE3F" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" tableUuid="DF6ACECD513EFFEDC1CAFE125CCFFE3F">Table 1</tableCitation>
. External anatomical characteristics and general pigmentation pattern in life and preservation can be observed in 
<figureCitation id="132E82C0513FFFECC540FA685CCCF9D7" box="[1053,1164,1517,1543]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,256,999,1023]" captionTargetBox="[178,1406,391,932]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,346,975]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi, AMNH 249490, holotype, adult male, 146.6 mm SL (scale bar = 1 cm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193313/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Figures 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="132E82C0513FFFECC5C6FA685CEAF9D7" box="[1179,1194,1517,1543]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,258,1254,1278]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,520,1232]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,520,1234]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi, AMNH 249490, holotype, 146.6 mm SL, adult male. Freshly captured specimen illustrating adult coloration in life. Photo by Paul Loiselle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193316/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">5</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="132E82C0513FFFECC5BEFA685CB3F9D7" box="[1251,1267,1517,1543]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,257,1438,1462]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,203,1393]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,194,1417]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Lateral pigmentation pattern in preservation for: A) Ptychochromis makira (AMNH 237131, holotype, 151.0 mm SL, adult male), and B) P. ernestmagnusi (AMNH 249488, paratype, 99.5 mm SL, adult). Dashed lines indicate relative adult lateral barring pattern and orientation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193318/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">7</figureCitation>
B. Moderately deep bodied and laterally compressed. Dorsal body profile convex, becoming significantly more so in larger specimens (ca. 
<quantity id="4CED33A0513FFFECC00EF9BD59F8F982" box="[339,440,1592,1618]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
SL and larger). Ventral body profile weakly to moderately convex. Lateral snout outline straight in smaller specimens, and becoming weakly curved (convex) in larger individuals. Predorsal profile moderately to strongly convex from mid-orbit to dorsal-fin origin, becoming more pronounced in larger specimens and creating weak “nuchal hump”. Supraoccipital crest prominent in lateral view and conspicuously deep bodied in larger individuals (ca. 
<quantity id="4CED33A0513FFFECC25BF9485B28F937" box="[774,872,1741,1767]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
SL). Caudal peduncle short, deep, and laterally compressed. Origin of dorsal fin located well anterior to vertical through pectoral-fin insertion. Origin of pelvic fin located considerably posterior to vertical through pectoral-fin insertion.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E45513FFFECC19BF8B859BAF8AC" blockId="2.[151,1437,1068,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Total vertebral count 27 or 28, with formulae of 13 + 14 (mode), 13 + 15, and 14 + 14 precaudal and caudal vertebrae, respectively.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E45513FFFECC199F80D5DDDF83C" blockId="2.[151,1437,1068,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
Oral jaws isognathous and small. Oral dentition bilaterally symmetrical and bicuspid, with moderately to well-developed distally expanded and slightly recurved cusps (
<figureCitation id="132E82C0513FFFECC22BF8285BFFF817" box="[886,959,1965,1991]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,257,1384,1408]" captionTargetBox="[163,1416,193,1345]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,151,1369]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Left lateral view of the oral jaws and anterior region of the suspensorium of P. ernestmagnusi (AMNH 249489, paratype, 87.5 mm SL, female, C &amp; S) illustrating the “ eastern type palatine ” (shaded in gray) morphology." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193314/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Outer row teeth of both premaxilla and dentary enlarged relative to teeth of inner rows and graded in size (i.e., becoming smaller) posterolaterally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E45513EFFEDC1CAFF1D5C9BFEBC" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,364]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Outer row teeth procumbently implanted in rostral portion of lower jaw, and oriented vertically elsewhere. Outer row teeth in upper jaw more or less vertically oriented. Upper jaw with three or four rows of teeth anteriorly and tapering to single (i.e., outer) row posteriorly. Lower jaw with three rows of teeth rostrally, and tapering to single (i.e., outer) row posteriorly. Although smaller, inner rows of teeth on both premaxilla and dentary of same morphology (bilaterally symmetrical and bicuspid) as those of respective outer row. Dentition covers about anterior 2/3 of dentary and nearly entire surface (&gt;80%) of premaxillary arcade.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6ACECD513EFFEDC1CAFE125CCFFE3F" ID-Table-UUID="DF6ACECD513EFFEDC1CAFE125CCFFE3F" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6ACECD513EFFEDC1CAFE125CCFFE3F" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" targetBox="[151,1436,522,1644]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BAA9E45513EFFEDC1CAFE125CCFFE3F" blockId="3.[151,1436,407,495]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B9614257513EFFEDC1CAFE125949FE7F" bold="true" box="[151,265,407,431]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Morphometric and meristic data for 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C6513EFFEDC3C5FE1D5B9AFE7F" box="[664,986,408,431]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ernestmagnusi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9614257513EFFEDC3C5FE1D5B9AFE7F" box="[664,986,408,431]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A252FF2C513EFFEDC2B5FE1D5C2CFE7F" box="[1000,1132,408,431]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
. Proportional measurements (mm) in percent standard length (SL) or percent head length (HL), unless noted otherwise. Values in parentheses indicate number of specimens examined with that count. (H) indicates count corresponding to holotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E45513EFFEDC1C2FDAF5D76F9BC" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<table id="F9156CE5513E0011C1CAFD8F5DDCF9BC" box="[151,1436,522,1644]" gridcols="4" gridrows="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<tr id="35259C07513E0011C1CAFD8F5DDCFD91" box="[151,1436,522,577]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<th id="76F4F57B513E0011C1CAFD8F599FFD91" box="[151,479,522,577]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Character</th>
<th id="76F4F57B513E0011C33AFD8F5BB2FD91" box="[615,1010,522,577]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C6513EFFEDC382FD8F5BD5FDF1" box="[735,917,522,545]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ernestmagnusi">
<emphasis id="B9614257513EFFEDC382FD8F5BD5FDF1" box="[735,917,522,545]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">P. ernestmagnusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
N Holotype Range
</th>
<th id="76F4F57B513E0011C53FFD8F5CDFFD91" box="[1122,1183,522,577]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Mean</th>
<th id="76F4F57B513E0011C45FFD8F5DDCFD91" box="[1282,1436,522,577]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">SD</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35259C07513E0011C1CAFDD05DDCFDBC" box="[151,1436,597,620]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76F4F57B513E0011C1CAFDD0599FFDBC" box="[151,479,597,620]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Standard length (mm)</th>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C33AFDD05BB2FDBC" box="[615,1010,597,620]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">18 146.6 51.5–146.6</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C53FFDD05CDFFDBC" box="[1122,1183,597,620]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">83.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35259C07513E0011C1CAFD2F5DDCFD11" box="[151,1436,682,705]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76F4F57B513E0011C1CAFD2F599FFD11" box="[151,479,682,705]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Percentage of SL</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35259C07513E0011C1CAFD505DDCFD3C" box="[151,1436,725,748]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<th id="76F4F57B513E0011C1CAFD50599FFD3C" box="[151,479,725,748]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Head length</th>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C33AFD505BB2FD3C" box="[615,1010,725,748]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">18 35.7 34.2–37.1</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C53FFD505CDFFD3C" box="[1122,1183,725,748]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">35.3</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C45FFD505DDCFD3C" box="[1282,1436,725,748]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">0.92</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35259C07513E0011C1CAFC855DDCFCC7" box="[151,1436,768,791]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<th id="76F4F57B513E0011C1CAFC85599FFCC7" box="[151,479,768,791]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Body depth</th>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C33AFC855BB2FCC7" box="[615,1010,768,791]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">18 46.1 41.7–46.1</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C53FFC855CDFFCC7" box="[1122,1183,768,791]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">43.9</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C45FFC855DDCFCC7" box="[1282,1436,768,791]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">1.40</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35259C07513E0011C1CAFCAF5DDCFC91" box="[151,1436,810,833]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<th id="76F4F57B513E0011C1CAFCAF599FFC91" box="[151,479,810,833]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Predorsal length</th>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C33AFCAF5BB2FC91" box="[615,1010,810,833]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">18 42.3 40.4–44.6</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C53FFCAF5CDFFC91" box="[1122,1183,810,833]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">42.3</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C45FFCAF5DDCFC91" box="[1282,1436,810,833]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">1.10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35259C07513E0011C1CAFCD05DDCFCBC" box="[151,1436,853,876]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<th id="76F4F57B513E0011C1CAFCD0599FFCBC" box="[151,479,853,876]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Preanal length</th>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C33AFCD05BB2FCBC" box="[615,1010,853,876]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">18 71.6 71.6–73.5</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C53FFCD05CDFFCBC" box="[1122,1183,853,876]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">72.7</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C45FFCD05DDCFCBC" box="[1282,1436,853,876]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">0.66</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35259C07513E0011C1CAFC055DDCFC47" box="[151,1436,896,919]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<th id="76F4F57B513E0011C1CAFC05599FFC47" box="[151,479,896,919]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Prepelvic length</th>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C33AFC055BB2FC47" box="[615,1010,896,919]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">18 41.3 39.8–48.7</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C53FFC055CDFFC47" box="[1122,1183,896,919]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">42.1</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C45FFC055DDCFC47" box="[1282,1436,896,919]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">1.97</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35259C07513E0011C1CAFC2F5DDCFC11" box="[151,1436,938,961]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<th id="76F4F57B513E0011C1CAFC2F599FFC11" box="[151,479,938,961]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Head width (max.)</th>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C33AFC2F5BB2FC11" box="[615,1010,938,961]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">18 18.6 15.9–18.6</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C53FFC2F5CDFFC11" box="[1122,1183,938,961]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">17.3</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C45FFC2F5DDCFC11" box="[1282,1436,938,961]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">0.74</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35259C07513E0011C1CAFC505DDCFC3C" box="[151,1436,981,1004]" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<th id="76F4F57B513E0011C1CAFC50599FFC3C" box="[151,479,981,1004]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Caudal peduncle length</th>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C33AFC505BB2FC3C" box="[615,1010,981,1004]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">18 15.0 12.4–15.9</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C53FFC505CDFFC3C" box="[1122,1183,981,1004]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">14.4</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C45FFC505DDCFC3C" box="[1282,1436,981,1004]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">0.82</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35259C07513E0011C1CAFB855DDCFBC7" box="[151,1436,1024,1047]" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<th id="76F4F57B513E0011C1CAFB85599FFBC7" box="[151,479,1024,1047]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Caudal peduncle width</th>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C33AFB855BB2FBC7" box="[615,1010,1024,1047]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">16 6.2 4.9–6.7</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C53FFB855CDFFBC7" box="[1122,1183,1024,1047]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">5.9</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C45FFB855DDCFBC7" box="[1282,1436,1024,1047]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">0.60</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35259C07513E0011C1CAFBAF5DDCFB91" box="[151,1436,1066,1089]" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<th id="76F4F57B513E0011C1CAFBAF599FFB91" box="[151,479,1066,1089]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Caudal peduncle depth</th>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C33AFBAF5BB2FB91" box="[615,1010,1066,1089]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">18 16.5 13.3–16.5</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C53FFBAF5CDFFB91" box="[1122,1183,1066,1089]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">15.2</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C45FFBAF5DDCFB91" box="[1282,1436,1066,1089]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">0.85</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35259C07513E0011C1CAFBD05DDCFBBC" box="[151,1436,1109,1132]" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<th id="76F4F57B513E0011C1CAFBD0599FFBBC" box="[151,479,1109,1132]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Pectoral-fin length</th>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C33AFBD05BB2FBBC" box="[615,1010,1109,1132]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">18 31.0 29.8–34.1</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C53FFBD05CDFFBBC" box="[1122,1183,1109,1132]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">32.1</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C45FFBD05DDCFBBC" box="[1282,1436,1109,1132]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">1.24</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35259C07513E0011C1CAFB055DDCFB47" box="[151,1436,1152,1175]" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<th id="76F4F57B513E0011C1CAFB05599FFB47" box="[151,479,1152,1175]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Pelvic-fin length</th>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C33AFB055BB2FB47" box="[615,1010,1152,1175]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">18 30.9 24.3–31.2</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C53FFB055CDFFB47" box="[1122,1183,1152,1175]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">28.7</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C45FFB055DDCFB47" box="[1282,1436,1152,1175]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">1.76</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35259C07513E0011C1CAFB505DDCFB3C" box="[151,1436,1237,1260]" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76F4F57B513E0011C1CAFB50599FFB3C" box="[151,479,1237,1260]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Percentage of HL</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35259C07513E0011C1CAFA855DDCFAC7" box="[151,1436,1280,1303]" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<th id="76F4F57B513E0011C1CAFA85599FFAC7" box="[151,479,1280,1303]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Snout length</th>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C33AFA855BB2FAC7" box="[615,1010,1280,1303]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">18 46.3 35.3–46.3</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C53FFA855CDFFAC7" box="[1122,1183,1280,1303]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">39.3</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C45FFA855DDCFAC7" box="[1282,1436,1280,1303]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">2.71</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35259C07513E0011C1CAFAAF5DDCFA91" box="[151,1436,1322,1345]" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<th id="76F4F57B513E0011C1CAFAAF599FFA91" box="[151,479,1322,1345]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Orbit diameter</th>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C33AFAAF5BB2FA91" box="[615,1010,1322,1345]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">18 29.5 29.5–37.4</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C53FFAAF5CDFFA91" box="[1122,1183,1322,1345]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">34.2</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C45FFAAF5DDCFA91" box="[1282,1436,1322,1345]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">2.13</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35259C07513E0011C1CAFAD05DDCFABC" box="[151,1436,1365,1388]" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<th id="76F4F57B513E0011C1CAFAD0599FFABC" box="[151,479,1365,1388]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Upper-jaw length</th>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C33AFAD05BB2FABC" box="[615,1010,1365,1388]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">18 37.7 26.3–37.7</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C53FFAD05CDFFABC" box="[1122,1183,1365,1388]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">30.1</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C45FFAD05DDCFABC" box="[1282,1436,1365,1388]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">2.69</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35259C07513E0011C1CAFA055DDCFA47" box="[151,1436,1408,1431]" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<th id="76F4F57B513E0011C1CAFA05599FFA47" box="[151,479,1408,1431]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Lower-jaw length</th>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C33AFA055BB2FA47" box="[615,1010,1408,1431]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">18 39.6 35.6–41.2</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C53FFA055CDFFA47" box="[1122,1183,1408,1431]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">38.4</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C45FFA055DDCFA47" box="[1282,1436,1408,1431]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">1.38</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35259C07513E0011C1CAFA2F5DDCFA11" box="[151,1436,1450,1473]" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<th id="76F4F57B513E0011C1CAFA2F599FFA11" box="[151,479,1450,1473]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Interorbital width</th>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C33AFA2F5BB2FA11" box="[615,1010,1450,1473]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">18 32.1 25.6–32.1</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C53FFA2F5CDFFA11" box="[1122,1183,1450,1473]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">28.3</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C45FFA2F5DDCFA11" box="[1282,1436,1450,1473]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">1.55</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35259C07513E0011C1CAFA505DDCFA3C" box="[151,1436,1493,1516]" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<th id="76F4F57B513E0011C1CAFA50599FFA3C" box="[151,479,1493,1516]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Preorbital depth</th>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C33AFA505BB2FA3C" box="[615,1010,1493,1516]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">18 28.7 20.0–28.7</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C53FFA505CDFFA3C" box="[1122,1183,1493,1516]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">24.6</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C45FFA505DDCFA3C" box="[1282,1436,1493,1516]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">2.24</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35259C07513E0011C1CAF9AF5DDCF991" box="[151,1436,1578,1601]" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<th id="76F4F57B513E0011C1CAF9AF599FF991" box="[151,479,1578,1601]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Caudal peduncle length/depth</th>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C33AF9AF5BB2F991" box="[615,1010,1578,1601]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">18 0.9 0.8–1.1</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C53FF9AF5CDFF991" box="[1122,1183,1578,1601]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">1.0</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C45FF9AF5DDCF991" box="[1282,1436,1578,1601]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">0.07</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35259C07513E0011C1CAF9D05DDCF9BC" box="[151,1436,1621,1644]" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<th id="76F4F57B513E0011C1CAF9D0599FF9BC" box="[151,479,1621,1644]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Caudal peduncle length/width</th>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C33AF9D05BB2F9BC" box="[615,1010,1621,1644]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">16 2.4 2.1–3.3</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C53FF9D05CDFF9BC" box="[1122,1183,1621,1644]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">2.5</td>
<td id="76F4F57B513E0011C45FF9D05DDCF9BC" box="[1282,1436,1621,1644]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">0.33</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E45513EFFEDC1C2F92F5C45F911" blockId="3.[159,1255,1706,1988]" box="[159,1029,1706,1729]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Scales in lateral line 16 34 (8), 35 (5, H), 36 (2), 37 (1)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E45513EFFEDC1C2F9505BA4F93C" blockId="3.[159,1255,1706,1988]" box="[159,996,1749,1772]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Scales: lateral line to dorsal fin 18 4 (8), 4.5 (2), 5 (7, H), 6 (1)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E45513EFFEDC1C2F8855B1CF8C7" blockId="3.[159,1255,1706,1988]" box="[159,860,1792,1815]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Scales: pectoral to pelvic bases 18 4 (4), 5 (14, H)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E45513EFFEDC1C2F8A85B36F891" blockId="3.[159,1255,1706,1988]" box="[159,886,1834,1860]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Gill rakers (lower limb 1st arch) 18 11 (15, H), 12 (3)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E45513EFFEDC1C2F8DD5C41F814" blockId="3.[159,1255,1706,1988]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
Vertebrae (pre-caudal + caudal) 18 13+14 = 27 (15), 13+15 = 28 (1), 14+14 = 28 (2, H) Dorsal fin 
<date id="FFABB885513EFFEDC33AF8075B41F849" box="[615,769,1922,1945]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" value="1913-12-18">18 XII 13</date>
(1), XIII 11 (1), XIII 12 (15, H), XIII 13 (1) Anal fin 
<date id="FFABB885513EFFEDC33AF8285AA9F814" box="[615,745,1965,1988]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" value="1918-03-07">18 III 7</date>
(2), 
<date id="FFABB885513EFFEDC241F8285B0BF814" box="[796,843,1965,1988]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">III 8</date>
(13, H), 
<date id="FFABB885513EFFEDC2F1F8285B9AF814" box="[940,986,1965,1988]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">III 9</date>
(3)
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6ACECD5139FFEAC1CAFAED5D21FA4F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193314/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[163,1416,193,1345]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455139FFEAC1CAFAED5D21FA4F" blockId="4.[151,1436,1384,1439]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B96142575139FFEAC1CAFAED595EFA50" bold="true" box="[151,286,1384,1408]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Left lateral view of the oral jaws and anterior region of the suspensorium of 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65139FFEAC521FAED5D78FAAF" box="[1148,1336,1384,1407]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ernestmagnusi">
<emphasis id="B96142575139FFEAC521FAED5D78FAAF" box="[1148,1336,1384,1407]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">P. ernestmagnusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(AMNH 249489, paratype, 87.5 mm SL, female, C&amp;S) illustrating the “eastern type palatine” (shaded in gray) morphology.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455139FFEAC199FA545A97F825" blockId="4.[151,1437,1485,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Lower pharyngeal jaw (LPJ = fused 5th ceratobranchial elements) robust with interdigitating suture on posteroventral margin. Dentition on LPJ and upper pharyngeal jaw (UPJ) comprised of numerous, closely set, strongly hooked and bicuspid teeth. Cusps on LPJ teeth better developed posteriorly. Posteromedially on both LPJ and third pharyngobranchial toothplate, dentition becoming robust and molariform (Fig. 4A); other teeth of these elements hooked and bicuspid. Expansive second pharyngobranchial toothplate bearing five or six rows of well-developed, hooked and bicuspid teeth. Two or three rows of hooked and bicuspid teeth present on “free” second epibranchial toothplate. Fourth upper toothplate covered with numerous, closely-set rows of smaller hooked and bicuspid teeth; teeth becoming progressively smaller and much less well developed posteriorly. Strong concavity and associated sickle-like prong present on caudomedial margin of fourth upper toothplate. Dorsal surface of fourth ceratobranchial elements bearing numerous robust, laterally expanded, toothplates. Fourth ceratobranchial toothplates confluent with outer row gill rakers of these elements. Dentition on fourth ceratobranchial toothplates unicuspid and more or less conical to weakly hooked and bicuspid laterally, and becoming progressively more strongly hooked and bicuspid medially (similar to pattern observed for lateral LPJ dentition). Contralateral fourth ceratobranchial elements bearing strong concavity and associated prong (= hook) on medial margin.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6ACECD5138FFEBC1CAF9E7595BF909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193315/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" targetBox="[225,1363,238,1574]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455138FFEBC1CAF9E7595BF909" blockId="5.[151,1437,1634,1753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B96142575138FFEBC1CAF9E75963F9AA" bold="true" box="[151,291,1634,1658]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Left lateral view of the dorsoposterior margin of the neurocranium illustrating morphology of the supraneural bones (in black) and their relationship to the supraoccipital bone. A) 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65138FFEBC54DF9075D17F949" box="[1040,1367,1666,1689]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ernestmagnusi">
<emphasis id="B96142575138FFEBC54DF9075D17F949" box="[1040,1367,1666,1689]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, B) 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65138FFEBC4D5F90758A4F969" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makira">
<emphasis id="B96142575138FFEBC4D5F90758A4F969" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">P. makira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, C) 
<emphasis id="B96142575138FFEBC049F92759D5F969" box="[276,405,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">P. c u r v i d e n s</emphasis>
, and D) 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65138FFEBC0A7F9275AE1F969" box="[506,673,1698,1721]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oligacanthus">
<emphasis id="B96142575138FFEBC0A7F9275AE1F969" box="[506,673,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">P. oligacanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Arrows indicate degree of overlap of supraoccipital crest by anterior supraneural.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455138FFEBC199F8825AF9F80C" blockId="5.[151,1437,1799,2012]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Eleven or 12 relatively elongate gill rakers arrayed along lower limb of first arch, excluding raker in angle of arch (Fig. 4B). Lower limb rakers of first gill arch denticulate dorsomedially, bearing numerous conical to weakly hooked and bicuspid teeth. Nine weakly developed and triangular epibranchial gill rakers. Remaining gill arches bearing short, robust, and strongly laterally expanded (particularly, distally near crown) rakers. These rakers strongly denticulate dorsally, bearing numerous elongate and conical (becoming bulbous apically) to weakly hooked and bicuspid teeth.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E45513BFFE8C1CAF93C5AC1F8E0" blockId="6.[151,1436,1718,1840]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B9614257513BFFE8C1CAF93C595EF901" bold="true" box="[151,286,1721,1745]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C6513BFFE8C07BF93C5A34F900" box="[294,628,1721,1744]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ernestmagnusi">
<emphasis id="B9614257513BFFE8C07BF93C5A34F900" box="[294,628,1721,1744]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (A) Dorsal view of the lower pharyngeal jaw (fused 5th ceratobranchial elements) illustrating molariform caudomedial tooth morphology. Left lateral view of the: (B) lower limb of the first gill arch (ceratobranchial 1 and hypobranchial 1) with gill rakers shaded in gray, and (C) lachrymal (pores shaded in gray) and additional bones of the infraorbital series.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E45513BFFE9C199F8DB5CA8FE0C" blockId="6.[151,1436,1886,2024]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,152,2007]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Flank squamation comprised of large, regularly imbricate, weakly ctenoid scales. Scale margins becoming progressively more ctenoid posteriorly on flank. Ctenoid scales extend from about dorsal-fin origin (i.e., ranging from slightly anterior to somewhat posterior of fin insertion) dorsal to upper branch of lateral line and somewhat posterior to pectoral-fin base below upper lateral line, to proximal portion of caudal fin. Scales on anterior portion of nape and throughout head region cycloid. Scales on opercle and subopercle cycloid. Cheek scales cycloid and comprising four rows; fourth (ventral) row frequently poorly developed and comprising few scales. Snout, lachrymal, and anterior portion of interorbital region to about level of mid-orbit asquamate. Anterior chest scales somewhat reduced in size and embedded. Scales extending onto caudal fin reduced in size and ctenoid anteriorly, markedly smaller and cycloid posteriorly. Pored scales of lower branch of lateral line frequently extending onto caudal fin (i.e., beyond hypural flexure) for one or two rows. Lateral-line scales with well-developed canals, and numbering 34 to 37 (mode 34). Four or five (mode) scale rows between bases of pectoral and pelvic fins. Four (mode) to six scales in diagonal from upper branch of lateral line to dorsal-fin origin. No scale rows extending onto dorsal- and anal-fin membranes proximal to base of fins.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E45513AFFE9C199FE6D5A71FCFC" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
Dorsal fin with XII or XIII spines and 11 to 13 soft rays. Anal fin with III spines and seven to nine soft rays. First anal-fin spine conspicuously short, whereas second and third spines elongate and more or less similar in length. Distal margins of soft dorsal and anal fins becoming produced and tapered in larger specimens; posteriorly margins reaching to about caudal-fin origin in smaller individuals (&lt;
<quantity id="4CED33A0513AFFE9C582FDDD5D74FDA2" box="[1247,1332,600,626]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
SL) and extending well beyond origin in larger specimens (
<figureCitation id="132E82C0513AFFE9C3B4FDF85B6EFD47" box="[745,814,637,663]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,256,999,1023]" captionTargetBox="[178,1406,391,932]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,346,975]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi, AMNH 249490, holotype, adult male, 146.6 mm SL (scale bar = 1 cm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193313/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Pectoral fin elongate, deep bodied and paddle-like; becoming tapered distally (i.e., dorsal rays much longer than ventral). Adpressed pelvic fin terminating well before anal-fin origin in smaller specimens, and extending to about anal-fin origin in larger individuals (&gt; 
<quantity id="4CED33A0513AFFE9C423FD4D5885FCD7" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="90.0">90 mm</quantity>
SL). Caudal fin emarginate, trailing margins of upper and lower lobes becoming at most weakly produced in larger individuals (&gt; 
<quantity id="4CED33A0513AFFE9C0F9FC9759B7FCFC" box="[420,503,786,812]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
SL).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E45513AFFE9C19BFCB2591CFA8C" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B9614257513AFFE9C19BFCB25AF8FC81" bold="true" box="[198,696,823,849]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Miscellaneous osteology and anatomy.</emphasis>
Exoccipital foramina on posterior of neurocranium poorly developed; simple and lacking complex interior chamber (see 
<bibRefCitation id="EF84E3B4513AFFE9C2F0FCD85C27FCA7" author="Stiassny" box="[941,1127,861,887]" pageId="7" pageNumber="49" refString="Stiassny, M. L. J. (1991) Phylogenetic intrarelationships of the family Cichlidae: an overview. In: Keenleyside, M. H. A. (Ed.), Cichlid fishes: behaviour, ecology, and evolution. Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 1 - 35." type="book chapter" year="1991">Stiassny, 1991</bibRefCitation>
, and Sparks, 2008, for a discussion of exoccipital foramen development in Malagasy-South Asian cichlids). Paired, anterior gas bladder diverticula well developed, elongate, and tube-like; however, rather feeble in structure (i.e., not rigid and thick walled) and similar to main gas bladder chamber. Diverticula in contact with exoccipital region of neurocranium via connective tissue but not penetrating into exoccipital foramina (Sparks, 2008; 
<figureCitation id="132E82C0513AFFE9C470FC775D35FBDC" box="[1325,1397,1010,1036]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,261,1634,1658]" captionTargetBox="[225,1363,238,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[213,1382,194,1613]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Left lateral view of the dorsoposterior margin of the neurocranium illustrating morphology of the supraneural bones (in black) and their relationship to the supraoccipital bone. A) Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi, B) P. makira, C) P. c u r v i d e n s, and D) P. oligacanthus. Arrows indicate degree of overlap of supraoccipital crest by anterior supraneural." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193315/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A). Infraorbital series composed of seven distinct elements (Fig. 4C). Lachrymal (= first infraorbital or IO1) with four neurosensory pores; fourth pore communicating with anterior pore of second infraorbital (IO2). Second infraorbital excluded from orbital margin by IO3. Cephalic laterosensory canals well developed with enlarged pores (e.g., including those on preopercle and dentary; 
<figureCitation id="132E82C0513AFFE9C276FB0D5B3DFB72" box="[811,893,1160,1186]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,257,1384,1408]" captionTargetBox="[163,1416,193,1345]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,151,1369]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Left lateral view of the oral jaws and anterior region of the suspensorium of P. ernestmagnusi (AMNH 249489, paratype, 87.5 mm SL, female, C &amp; S) illustrating the “ eastern type palatine ” (shaded in gray) morphology." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193314/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
&amp; 4C). Uncinate process and anterior arm of first epibranchial element short and robust (Fig. 4B). Well-developed process (= prong/hook) and deep indentation (= excavation) present on medial face of fourth ceratobranchial element. Supraneurals (
<figureCitation id="132E82C0513AFFE9C46BFB575D3BFB3C" box="[1334,1403,1234,1260]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,261,1634,1658]" captionTargetBox="[225,1363,238,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[213,1382,194,1613]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Left lateral view of the dorsoposterior margin of the neurocranium illustrating morphology of the supraneural bones (in black) and their relationship to the supraoccipital bone. A) Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi, B) P. makira, C) P. c u r v i d e n s, and D) P. oligacanthus. Arrows indicate degree of overlap of supraoccipital crest by anterior supraneural." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193315/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A) rostrally positioned, with first supraneural overlying dorsoposterior margin of supraoccipital crest. Both supraneurals characteristically shaped with flat dorsal margins (
<figureCitation id="132E82C0513AFFE9C2D8FA985B8AFAE7" box="[901,970,1309,1335]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,261,1634,1658]" captionTargetBox="[225,1363,238,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[213,1382,194,1613]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Left lateral view of the dorsoposterior margin of the neurocranium illustrating morphology of the supraneural bones (in black) and their relationship to the supraoccipital bone. A) Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi, B) P. makira, C) P. c u r v i d e n s, and D) P. oligacanthus. Arrows indicate degree of overlap of supraoccipital crest by anterior supraneural." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193315/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A). Posterior supraneural often reduced in size or absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E45513AFFE9C19BFAE25AF4F9EC" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B9614257513AFFE9C19BFAE259E1FA51" bold="true" box="[198,417,1383,1409]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Coloration in life</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132E82C0513AFFE9C0EEFAED5A5AFA52" box="[435,538,1384,1410]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,258,1254,1278]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,520,1232]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,520,1234]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi, AMNH 249490, holotype, 146.6 mm SL, adult male. Freshly captured specimen illustrating adult coloration in life. Photo by Paul Loiselle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193316/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Figure 5</figureCitation>
). Overall uniform greenish base coloration with a dusky gray overlay, not notably darker dorsally than ventrally. Many scales bearing a small, conspicuous iridescent spot along posterior scale margin. Pigmentation pattern composed of five or six (mode, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E7513AFFE9C574FA375CD2FA1C" box="[1065,1170,1458,1484]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) prominent midlateral blotches intersected by six to eight less strongly pigmented vertical bars. Nape dark gray, snout and cheek dusky grey, and gular region black. Fins uniformly dark blackish-gray, with some small iridescent spots proximally in soft dorsal. Pectoral fin hyaline.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E45513AFFE9C19BF9C25A8DF8B7" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B9614257513AFFE9C19BF9C25A58F9B1" bold="true" box="[198,536,1607,1633]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Coloration in preservation</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132E82C0513AFFE9C377F9CD5AD0F9B2" box="[554,656,1608,1634]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,256,999,1023]" captionTargetBox="[178,1406,391,932]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,346,975]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi, AMNH 249490, holotype, adult male, 146.6 mm SL (scale bar = 1 cm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193313/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Figure 1</figureCitation>
). Ground coloration reddish-brown, slightly paler ventrally than dorsally. Traces of iridescent spangling present, particularly in larger specimens, and most evident ventrally on flank. Pigmentation pattern consisting of five or six (mode, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E7513AFFE9C2D9F9175BADF97C" box="[900,1005,1682,1708]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) prominent midlateral blotches with significantly paler intersecting vertical bars retained in preservation. Most posterior blotch, located on caudal peduncle (i.e., sixth blotch in series if present), significantly paler than others. Fins pale reddish-brown, trailing margins of soft anal and dorsal fins blackish. Pectoral fin hyaline. Pelvic fin pale reddish-brown, and becoming charcoal to blackish distally. Anterior interorbital region, snout, and lachrymal dark gray. Lower lip creamy brown. Gular region dark grayish-black.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30FCDCE513AFFE6C19BF8F7596CF89C" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAA9E45513AFFE6C19BF8F75DDBFE0C" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2007]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,152,476]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B9614257513AFFE9C19BF8F759B8F85C" bold="true" box="[198,504,1906,1932]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132E82C0513AFFE9C35AF8F75A2CF85C" box="[519,620,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,259,1611,1635]" captionTargetBox="[198,1425,201,1546]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,194,1598]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Relative geographic distributions of species of Ptychochromis exhibiting the “ eastern type palatine ” configuration, including the geographically proximate sister species, P. m a k i r a and P. ernestmagnusi, new species. Note: Arrow for P. grandidieri indicates that distribution for species extends southward along the eastern coast of Madagascar." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193317/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Figure 6</figureCitation>
). Currently known only from the 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E7513AFFE9C2A6F8F75C6EF85C" box="[1019,1070,1906,1932]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
localities, which are located in the middle to lower reaches of the Mananara (du nord) River, northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED5513AFFE9C517F81D5CA3F862" box="[1098,1251,1944,1970]" name="Madagascar" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
. This region is characterized by humid, lowland rainforest (UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory, 2009), and remains poorly surveyed for freshwater fishes. It is unknown whether the new species is more widely distributed within the region, and also whether it occurs in smaller tributaries of the Mananara (du nord) River or other adjacent drainage basins to the north and south. Substantial forest cover remains in the region and it is likely the new species has a significantly more widespread geographic distribution than current collection data would indicate. The Mananara (du nord) River is a relatively large basin that extends from its headwaters through regions of intact forest and low population density. It is a typical eastern drainage, with a steep overall profile, and a generally rocky to sandy substrate. It is likely that the new species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65135FFE6C502FEFD5D4EFE41" box="[1119,1294,376,401]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96142575135FFE6C502FEFD5D4EFE41" box="[1119,1294,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Ptychochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is restricted to the middle to lower reaches of the river and its tributaries, given that suitable habitat and adequate trophic resources are most likely lacking at higher elevations, as is typical for other eastern basins (
<bibRefCitation id="EF84E3B45135FFE6C598FE475D30FE0C" author="Sparks" box="[1221,1392,450,476]" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" refString="Sparks, J. S. (2005 a) Madagascar: eastern lowlands. In: Thieme, M. L., Abell, R., Stiassny, M. L. J., Lehner, B., Skelton, P., Teugals, G., Dinerstein, E., Kamdem Toham, A., Burgess, N. &amp; Olson, D. (Eds.), Freshwater ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar. A conservation assessment. Island Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 222 - 223." type="book chapter" year="2005" yearSuffix="a">Sparks, 2005a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF84E3B45135FFE6C426FE475DCDFE0C" author="Sparks" box="[1403,1421,450,476]" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" refString="Sparks, J. S. (2005 b) Madagascar: eastern highlands. In: Thieme, M. L., Abell, R., Stiassny, M. L. J., Lehner, B., Skelton, P., Teugals, G., Dinerstein, E., Kamdem Toham, A., Burgess, N. &amp; Olson, D. (Eds.), Freshwater ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar. A conservation assessment. Island Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 256 - 258." type="book chapter" year="2005" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6ACECD5135FFE6C1CAFB635B31FACE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193316/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" targetBox="[151,1435,520,1232]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455135FFE6C1CAFB635B31FACE" blockId="8.[151,1436,1254,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B96142575135FFE6C1CAFB63595FFB2E" bold="true" box="[151,287,1254,1278]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65135FFE6C07BFB625A36FB2E" box="[294,630,1255,1278]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ernestmagnusi">
<emphasis id="B96142575135FFE6C07BFB625A36FB2E" box="[294,630,1255,1278]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, AMNH 249490, holotype, 146.6 mm SL, adult male. Freshly captured specimen illustrating adult coloration in life. Photo by Paul Loiselle.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455135FFE6C19BFAC9596CF89C" blockId="8.[151,1437,1356,1980]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B96142575135FFE6C19BFAC95987FAB6" bold="true" box="[198,455,1356,1382]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Conservation status.</emphasis>
Although forested portions of the coastal region to the south of the Mananara (du nord) River are encompassed by the Mananara-Nord Biosphere Reserve (designated in 1990), which extends from 16° 09' to 
<geoCoordinate id="EE21F8825135FFE6C00AFA1259FDFA61" box="[343,445,1431,1457]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" precision="925" value="-16.6">16° 36'S</geoCoordinate>
and 49° 31' to 
<geoCoordinate id="EE21F8825135FFE6C32AFA125AA1FA61" box="[631,737,1431,1457]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" precision="925" value="49.883335">49° 53'E</geoCoordinate>
, and covers 140,000 hectares, the Mananara River and its south bank tributaries are not included within the terrestrial component of the protected area (which also includes a smaller marine component) (UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory, 2009). We anticipate that the new species is not only more widespread in the region due to similar available habitats, but that it also receives some degree of protection from habitat degradation, deforestation, and overfishing within the biosphere reserve, which protects some of the last remaining remnants of lowland rainforest in eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55135FFE6C1CAF9F25972F941" box="[151,306,1655,1681]" name="Madagascar" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
. In general, species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65135FFE6C304F9F25B55F940" box="[601,789,1655,1680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96142575135FFE6C304F9F25B55F940" box="[601,789,1655,1680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Ptychochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seem able to tolerate a moderate degree of habitat degradation (in particular 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65135FFE6C091F9185A2FF966" box="[460,623,1693,1718]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandidieri">
<emphasis id="B96142575135FFE6C091F9185A2FF966" box="[460,623,1693,1718]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">P. grandidieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which remains relatively common and widespread along the highly developed and densely populated eastern coast of the island). Nevertheless, members of the genus are rapidly extirpated from areas where habitats have become severely disturbed and water quality is negatively impacted (e.g., severe deforestation and development resulting in highly turbid drainage basins) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF84E3B45135FFE6C5E5F8895894F89C" author="Sparks" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" refString="Sparks, J. S. &amp; Stiassny, M. L. J. (2003) Introduction to the freshwater fishes. In: S. M. Goodman, S. M. &amp; Benstead, J. P. (Eds.), The natural history of Madagascar. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 849 - 863." type="book chapter" year="2003">Sparks &amp; Stiassny, 2003</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF84E3B45135FFE6C1BDF8B75960F89C" author="Stiassny" box="[224,288,1842,1868]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" refString="Sparks, J. S. &amp; Stiassny, M. L. J. (2008) Les poissons d'eaux douce. In: Goodman, S. M. (Ed.), Paysages Naturels et Biodiversite de Madagascar. Publications Scientifiques Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Paris, pp. 283 - 309." type="book chapter" year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30FCDCE5135FFE6C19BF8D25BE3F86C" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455135FFE6C19BF8D25BE3F86C" blockId="8.[151,1437,1356,1980]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B96142575135FFE6C19BF8D25913F8A1" bold="true" box="[198,339,1879,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named in honor of Mr. Ernest Magnus of Berlin, 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55135FFE6C2C7F8D25C48F8A1" box="[922,1032,1879,1905]" name="Germany" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Germany</collectingCountry>
, and New York City, at the request of the family of Dr. Rudolph G. Arndt, whose support of ichthyological exploration and research at the American Museum of Natural History is gratefully acknowledged.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6ACECD5134FFE7C1CAF9CE5DDCF972" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193317/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" targetBox="[198,1425,201,1546]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455134FFE7C1CAF9CE5DDCF972" blockId="9.[151,1437,1611,1698]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B96142575134FFE7C1CAF9CE5960F9B3" bold="true" box="[151,288,1611,1635]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Relative geographic distributions of species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65134FFE7C21EF9CE5BABF9B2" box="[835,1003,1611,1634]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96142575134FFE7C21EF9CE5BABF9B2" box="[835,1003,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Ptychochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibiting the “eastern type palatine” configuration, including the geographically proximate sister species, 
<emphasis id="B96142575134FFE7C22AF9EE5B99F952" box="[887,985,1643,1666]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">P. m a k i r a</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65134FFE7C54DF9EE5C87F952" box="[1040,1223,1643,1666]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ernestmagnusi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96142575134FFE7C54DF9EE5C87F952" box="[1040,1223,1643,1666]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">P. ernestmagnusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A252FF2C5134FFE7C58EF9EE5D16F952" box="[1235,1366,1643,1666]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
. Note: Arrow for 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65134FFE7C054F90E59DDF972" box="[265,413,1675,1698]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandidieri">
<emphasis id="B96142575134FFE7C054F90E59DDF972" box="[265,413,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">P. grandidieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
indicates that distribution for species extends southward along the eastern coast of Madagascar.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30FCDCE5134FFE2C19BF9555C14FEBC" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455134FFE4C19BF95559F3FE42" blockId="9.[151,1437,1744,2032]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,152,962]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B96142575134FFE7C19BF9555A70F93A" bold="true" box="[198,560,1744,1770]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Discussion and comparisons.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF84E3B45134FFE7C365F9545B3CF93B" author="Stiassny" box="[568,892,1745,1771]" pageId="9" pageNumber="49" refString="Stiassny, M. L. J. &amp; Sparks, J. S. (2006) Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the endemic Malagasy cichlid genus Ptychochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with the description of five new species and a diagnosis for Katria, new genus. American Museum Novitates, 3535, 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="2006">Stiassny and Sparks (2006)</bibRefCitation>
corroborated the monophyly of, and resolved intergeneric relationships within, the endemic 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55134FFE7C390F9735B02F8C0" box="[717,834,1782,1808]" name="Madagascar" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Malagasy</collectingCountry>
cichlid subfamily 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65134FFE7C57AF9735CBAF8C0" box="[1063,1274,1782,1808]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ptychochrominae">Ptychochrominae</taxonomicName>
based on the analysis of a combination of nucleotide sequence data and anatomical features, but resolution of relationships within 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65134FFE7C1B6F8C459DBF88A" box="[235,411,1857,1882]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96142575134FFE7C1B6F8C459DBF88A" box="[235,411,1857,1882]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Ptychochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was problematic in that study. Based primarily on features of the palatine bone of the suspensorium, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF84E3B45134FFE7C00FF8E35AE6F850" author="Stiassny" box="[338,678,1894,1920]" pageId="9" pageNumber="49" refString="Stiassny, M. L. J. &amp; Sparks, J. S. (2006) Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the endemic Malagasy cichlid genus Ptychochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with the description of five new species and a diagnosis for Katria, new genus. American Museum Novitates, 3535, 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="2006">Stiassny and Sparks (2006)</bibRefCitation>
recognized two groups of 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65134FFE7C2ABF8E35CEEF8AF" box="[1014,1198,1894,1919]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96142575134FFE7C2ABF8E35CEEF8AF" box="[1014,1198,1894,1919]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Ptychochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: a “western clade” characterized by a compact palatine head with an upright orientation and marked elevation of the lateral ethmoid process (i.e., “western 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75134FFE7C37EF8345A18F81B" box="[547,600,1969,1995]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">type</typeStatus>
palatine”), and an “eastern group” in which the palatine exhibits a markedly horizontal orientation, an elongate palatine prong, and less prominent (weakly elevated) lateral ethmoid process (i.e., “eastern 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75137FFE4C0A3FF1D5A71FF62" box="[510,561,152,178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
palatine”). On the cladogram presented by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF84E3B45137FFE4C576FF1D58F4FF07" author="Stiassny" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" refString="Stiassny, M. L. J. &amp; Sparks, J. S. (2006) Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the endemic Malagasy cichlid genus Ptychochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with the description of five new species and a diagnosis for Katria, new genus. American Museum Novitates, 3535, 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="2006">
Stiassny and Sparks (2006: 
<figureCitation id="132E82C05137FFE4C430FF1D58E9FF07" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,257,1384,1408]" captionTargetBox="[163,1416,193,1345]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,151,1369]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Left lateral view of the oral jaws and anterior region of the suspensorium of P. ernestmagnusi (AMNH 249489, paratype, 87.5 mm SL, female, C &amp; S) illustrating the “ eastern type palatine ” (shaded in gray) morphology." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193314/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
)
</bibRefCitation>
, unambiguous optimization of the “western 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75137FFE4C3BAFF385B5DFF07" box="[743,797,189,215]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
palatine” configuration (
<bibRefCitation id="EF84E3B45137FFE4C501FF3859CCFF2C" author="Sparks" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" refString="Stiassny, M. L. J. &amp; Sparks, J. S. (2006) Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the endemic Malagasy cichlid genus Ptychochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with the description of five new species and a diagnosis for Katria, new genus. American Museum Novitates, 3535, 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="2006">Sparks &amp; Stiassny, 2006: character 14, node D</bibRefCitation>
) was interpreted as evidence for monophyly of a “western clade”; however, the “eastern 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75137FFE4C1CAFE8D588EFEF2" box="[151,206,264,290]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
palatine” morphology described above was not unambiguously optimized on that phylogenetic reconstruction. 
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a result, the relationships of the four eastern species included in our 2006 analysis (viz., 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65137FFE4C1CAFED75992FEBB" box="[151,466,338,363]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandidieri">
<emphasis id="B96142575137FFE4C1CAFED75992FEBB" box="[151,466,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Ptychochromis grandidieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B96142575137FFE4C0BCFED75A0DFEBB" box="[481,589,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">P. m a k i r a</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65137FFE4C302FED75A98FEBB" box="[607,728,338,363]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loisellei">
<emphasis id="B96142575137FFE4C302FED75A98FEBB" box="[607,728,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">P. loisellei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65137FFE4C245FED75BE6FEBB" box="[792,934,338,363]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curvidens">
<emphasis id="B96142575137FFE4C245FED75BE6FEBB" box="[792,934,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">P. curvidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) were represented as a polytomy (
<bibRefCitation id="EF84E3B45137FFE4C464FED759E4FE42" author="Stiassny" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" refString="Stiassny, M. L. J. &amp; Sparks, J. S. (2006) Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the endemic Malagasy cichlid genus Ptychochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with the description of five new species and a diagnosis for Katria, new genus. American Museum Novitates, 3535, 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="2006">
Stiassny &amp; Sparks, 2006: 
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</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455137FFE4C199FE185BF8FD9C" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,962]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
Here we have identified an additional putatively homologous anatomical feature unique to the “eastern group”, rostral displacement of the supraneural elements such that the anterior supraneural comes to overlie the dorsoposterior margin of the supraoccipital of the neurocranium. This supraneural configuration is lacking in all other members of 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65137FFE4C0EEFD885AC3FDF7" box="[435,643,525,551]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ptychochrominae">Ptychochrominae</taxonomicName>
, and, therefore, is hypothesized to represent an apomorphic feature diagnostic of an “eastern clade” of 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65137FFE4C36EFDB75AA1FD9B" box="[563,737,562,587]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96142575137FFE4C36EFDB75AA1FD9B" box="[563,737,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Ptychochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g., 
<figureCitation id="132E82C05137FFE4C276FDB75B2EFD9C" box="[811,878,562,588]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,261,1634,1658]" captionTargetBox="[225,1363,238,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[213,1382,194,1613]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Left lateral view of the dorsoposterior margin of the neurocranium illustrating morphology of the supraneural bones (in black) and their relationship to the supraoccipital bone. A) Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi, B) P. makira, C) P. c u r v i d e n s, and D) P. oligacanthus. Arrows indicate degree of overlap of supraoccipital crest by anterior supraneural." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193315/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A–C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455137FFE4C199FDDD5CDEFC12" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,962]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
To test this hypothesis, we reran our prior phylogenetic analysis (
<bibRefCitation id="EF84E3B45137FFE4C290FDDD5D0BFDA2" author="Stiassny" box="[973,1355,600,626]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" refString="Stiassny, M. L. J. &amp; Sparks, J. S. (2006) Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the endemic Malagasy cichlid genus Ptychochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with the description of five new species and a diagnosis for Katria, new genus. American Museum Novitates, 3535, 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="2006">
Stiassny &amp; Sparks, 2006: 
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</bibRefCitation>
) using the same methodological approach, search parameters, and combined morphological and molecular dataset, with the inclusion of the new species and including coding for the unique “eastern group” supraneural configuration described above and the two features (discussed below) hypothesized to unite 
<emphasis id="B96142575137FFE4C58DFD4D5D7CFD31" box="[1232,1340,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">P. m a k i r a</emphasis>
and the new species (for a total of 24 morphological transformations and 2053 total characters; characters 1–21 are described in detail in 
<bibRefCitation id="EF84E3B45137FFE4C0C0FC975A89FCFC" author="Sparks" box="[413,713,786,812]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" refString="Stiassny, M. L. J. &amp; Sparks, J. S. (2006) Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the endemic Malagasy cichlid genus Ptychochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with the description of five new species and a diagnosis for Katria, new genus. American Museum Novitates, 3535, 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="2006">Sparks &amp; Stiassny, 2006</bibRefCitation>
: 
<tableCitation id="C697ABFE5137FFE4C388FC975B6FFCFC" box="[725,815,786,812]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,407,431]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,522,1644]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric and meristic data for Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi, new species. Proportional measurements (mm) in percent standard length (SL) or percent head length (HL), unless noted otherwise. Values in parentheses indicate number of specimens examined with that count. (H) indicates count corresponding to holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6ACECD513EFFEDC1CAFE125CCFFE3F" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" tableUuid="DF6ACECD513EFFEDC1CAFE125CCFFE3F">Table 1</tableCitation>
and Results). A complete list of the morphological character descriptions is presented in the Appendix and the corresponding data matrix is presented in 
<tableCitation id="C697ABFE5137FFE4C460FCBD5DD7FC82" box="[1341,1431,824,850]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,242,1010,1034]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,1165,1925]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphological character matrix for species of Ptychochromis and outgroups included in phylogenetic analysis. Inapplicable character assignments are designated by (-). “ A ” = character states 0 &amp; 1. Character state descriptions presented in Appendix 1." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6ACECD5137FFE4C1CAFC775A6BFB99" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" tableUuid="DF6ACECD5137FFE4C1CAFC775A6BFB99">Table 2</tableCitation>
. 
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the results indicate (
<figureCitation id="132E82C05137FFE4C0F4FCD859B1FCA7" box="[425,497,861,887]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,257,1438,1462]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,203,1393]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,194,1417]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Lateral pigmentation pattern in preservation for: A) Ptychochromis makira (AMNH 237131, holotype, 151.0 mm SL, adult male), and B) P. ernestmagnusi (AMNH 249488, paratype, 99.5 mm SL, adult). Dashed lines indicate relative adult lateral barring pattern and orientation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193318/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
), we again failed to recover a monophyletic “eastern group” despite the fact that these five species possess both the novel supraneural feature (character 22, 
<figureCitation id="132E82C05137FFE4C568FC075C3AFC4C" box="[1077,1146,898,924]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,261,1634,1658]" captionTargetBox="[225,1363,238,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[213,1382,194,1613]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Left lateral view of the dorsoposterior margin of the neurocranium illustrating morphology of the supraneural bones (in black) and their relationship to the supraoccipital bone. A) Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi, B) P. makira, C) P. c u r v i d e n s, and D) P. oligacanthus. Arrows indicate degree of overlap of supraoccipital crest by anterior supraneural." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193315/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A–C) and “eastern 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75137FFE4C435FC075DDCFC4C" box="[1384,1436,898,924]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
palatine” configuration (
<bibRefCitation id="EF84E3B45137FFE4C0E8FC2D5B88FC12" author="Sparks" box="[437,968,936,962]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" refString="Stiassny, M. L. J. &amp; Sparks, J. S. (2006) Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the endemic Malagasy cichlid genus Ptychochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with the description of five new species and a diagnosis for Katria, new genus. American Museum Novitates, 3535, 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="2006">
Sparks &amp; Stiassny, 2006: character 21; 
<figureCitation id="132E82C05137FFE4C2DEFC2D5B88FC12" box="[899,968,936,962]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,257,1384,1408]" captionTargetBox="[163,1416,193,1345]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,151,1369]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Left lateral view of the oral jaws and anterior region of the suspensorium of P. ernestmagnusi (AMNH 249489, paratype, 87.5 mm SL, female, C &amp; S) illustrating the “ eastern type palatine ” (shaded in gray) morphology." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193314/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
) discussed above.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6ACECD5137FFE4C1CAFC775A6BFB99" ID-Table-UUID="DF6ACECD5137FFE4C1CAFC775A6BFB99" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6ACECD5137FFE4C1CAFC775A6BFB99" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[151,1437,1165,1925]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455137FFE4C1CAFC775A6BFB99" blockId="10.[151,1437,1010,1146]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B96142575137FFE4C1CAFC775950FBDA" bold="true" box="[151,272,1010,1034]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Morphological character matrix for species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65137FFE4C276FC775B93FBD9" box="[811,979,1010,1033]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96142575137FFE4C276FC775B93FBD9" box="[811,979,1010,1033]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Ptychochromis</emphasis>
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and outgroups included in phylogenetic analysis. Inapplicable character assignments are designated by (-). “A” = character states 0 &amp; 1. Character state descriptions presented in Appendix 1.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455137FFE4C19EFBE05975FBAA" blockId="10.[151,1437,1010,1146]" box="[195,309,1125,1146]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B96142575137FFE4C19EFBE05975FBAA" bold="true" box="[195,309,1125,1146]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Characters</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455137FFE4C089FB085DCFF855" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="B96142575137FFE4C1C2FB4D590CFB0D" box="[159,332,1224,1245]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Paretroplus damii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65137FFE4C1C2FAED5969FAAD" box="[159,297,1384,1405]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Oxylapia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polli">
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<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65137FFE4C1C2FA155982FA75" box="[159,450,1424,1445]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="betsileanus">
<emphasis id="B96142575137FFE4C1C2FA155982FA75" box="[159,450,1424,1445]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Ptychochromoides betsileanus</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B96142575137FFE4C1C2F97D5938F8DD" box="[159,376,1784,1805]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Ptychochromis makira</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B96142575137FFE4C1C2F8A559C0F8E5" box="[159,384,1824,1845]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Ptychochromis loisellei</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65137FFE4C1C2F8CD59D1F88D" box="[159,401,1864,1885]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curvidens">
<emphasis id="B96142575137FFE4C1C2F8CD59D1F88D" box="[159,401,1864,1885]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Ptychochromis curvidens</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65137FFE4C1C2F8F559FFF855" box="[159,447,1904,1925]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ernestmagnusi">
<emphasis id="B96142575137FFE4C1C2F8F559FFF855" box="[159,447,1904,1925]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<td id="76F4F57B51370011C45BF8F55D5EF855" box="[1286,1310,1904,1925]" gridcol="21" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">1</td>
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<td id="76F4F57B51370011C404F8F55D31F855" box="[1369,1393,1904,1925]" gridcol="23" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">1</td>
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</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6ACECD5136FFE5C1CAFA1B5B5AFA26" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193318/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" targetBox="[163,1424,203,1393]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455136FFE5C1CAFA1B5B5AFA26" blockId="11.[151,1436,1438,1526]" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B96142575136FFE5C1CAFA1B595EFA66" bold="true" box="[151,286,1438,1462]" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Lateral pigmentation pattern in preservation for: A) 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65136FFE5C230FA1A5C27FA66" box="[877,1127,1439,1462]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makira">
<emphasis id="B96142575136FFE5C230FA1A5C27FA66" box="[877,1127,1439,1462]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Ptychochromis makira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(AMNH 237131, holotype, 151.0 mm SL, adult male), and B) 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65136FFE5C37FFA3A5AA2FA06" box="[546,738,1471,1494]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ernestmagnusi">
<emphasis id="B96142575136FFE5C37FFA3A5AA2FA06" box="[546,738,1471,1494]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">P. ernestmagnusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(AMNH 249488, paratype, 99.5 mm SL, adult). Dashed lines indicate relative adult lateral barring pattern and orientation.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455136FFE5C199F9A15C3AF85E" blockId="11.[151,1437,1572,2009]" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">
Among the species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65136FFE5C085F9A15ACEF9ED" box="[472,654,1572,1597]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96142575136FFE5C085F9A15ACEF9ED" box="[472,654,1572,1597]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Ptychochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that exhibit an “eastern 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75136FFE5C2E0F9A15BB2F9EE" box="[957,1010,1572,1598]" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">type</typeStatus>
palatine” configuration, 
<emphasis id="B96142575136FFE5C47AF9A15DD8F9ED" box="[1319,1432,1572,1597]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">P. m a k i r a</emphasis>
shares with 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65136FFE5C078F9CF59AFF9B3" box="[293,495,1610,1635]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ernestmagnusi">
<emphasis id="B96142575136FFE5C078F9CF59AFF9B3" box="[293,495,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">P. ernestmagnusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the possession of supraneurals with a characteristically flattened dorsal profile (
<figureCitation id="132E82C05136FFE5C1C2F9EA58A3F959" box="[159,227,1647,1673]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,261,1634,1658]" captionTargetBox="[225,1363,238,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[213,1382,194,1613]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Left lateral view of the dorsoposterior margin of the neurocranium illustrating morphology of the supraneural bones (in black) and their relationship to the supraoccipital bone. A) Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi, B) P. makira, C) P. c u r v i d e n s, and D) P. oligacanthus. Arrows indicate degree of overlap of supraoccipital crest by anterior supraneural." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193315/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A, B, character 23). Also shared with 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65136FFE5C3C1F9EA5B4AF958" box="[668,778,1647,1672]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makira">
<emphasis id="B96142575136FFE5C3C1F9EA5B4AF958" box="[668,778,1647,1672]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">P. makira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the presence of a characteristic lateral barring pattern, in which each prominent midlateral blotch is intersected by a pair of narrow and less strongly pigmented vertical or oblique bars (
<figureCitation id="132E82C05136FFE5C09BF93F5A53F904" box="[454,531,1722,1748]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,257,1438,1462]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,203,1393]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,194,1417]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Lateral pigmentation pattern in preservation for: A) Ptychochromis makira (AMNH 237131, holotype, 151.0 mm SL, adult male), and B) P. ernestmagnusi (AMNH 249488, paratype, 99.5 mm SL, adult). Dashed lines indicate relative adult lateral barring pattern and orientation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193318/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
; character 24). However, in 
<emphasis id="B96142575136FFE5C22FF93F5BA3F903" box="[882,995,1722,1747]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">P. m a k i r a</emphasis>
these pairs of lateral flank bars are distinctively V-shaped (
<figureCitation id="132E82C05136FFE5C0E1F95A5A47F929" box="[444,519,1759,1785]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,257,1438,1462]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,203,1393]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,194,1417]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Lateral pigmentation pattern in preservation for: A) Ptychochromis makira (AMNH 237131, holotype, 151.0 mm SL, adult male), and B) P. ernestmagnusi (AMNH 249488, paratype, 99.5 mm SL, adult). Dashed lines indicate relative adult lateral barring pattern and orientation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193318/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A), whereas in 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65136FFE5C398F95A5BD7F928" box="[709,919,1759,1784]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ernestmagnusi">
<emphasis id="B96142575136FFE5C398F95A5BD7F928" box="[709,919,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">P. ernestmagnusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the bars are vertically oriented (
<figureCitation id="132E82C05136FFE5C471F95A5D37F929" box="[1324,1399,1759,1785]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,257,1438,1462]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,203,1393]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,194,1417]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Lateral pigmentation pattern in preservation for: A) Ptychochromis makira (AMNH 237131, holotype, 151.0 mm SL, adult male), and B) P. ernestmagnusi (AMNH 249488, paratype, 99.5 mm SL, adult). Dashed lines indicate relative adult lateral barring pattern and orientation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193318/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
B). Despite inconclusive results in our earlier phylogenetic analysis (
<bibRefCitation id="EF84E3B45136FFE5C2D2F8815D44F8CE" author="Sparks" box="[911,1284,1796,1822]" pageId="11" pageNumber="49" refString="Stiassny, M. L. J. &amp; Sparks, J. S. (2006) Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the endemic Malagasy cichlid genus Ptychochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with the description of five new species and a diagnosis for Katria, new genus. American Museum Novitates, 3535, 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="2006">
Sparks &amp; Stiassny, 2006: 
<figureCitation id="132E82C05136FFE5C5E3F8815D44F8CE" box="[1214,1284,1796,1822]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,257,1384,1408]" captionTargetBox="[163,1416,193,1345]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,151,1369]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Left lateral view of the oral jaws and anterior region of the suspensorium of P. ernestmagnusi (AMNH 249489, paratype, 87.5 mm SL, female, C &amp; S) illustrating the “ eastern type palatine ” (shaded in gray) morphology." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193314/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
), in which 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65136FFE5C4DBF88158ABF893" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makira">
<emphasis id="B96142575136FFE5C4DBF88158ABF893" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">P. makira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recovered in a polytomy with other “eastern group” species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65136FFE5C548F8AF5C85F893" box="[1045,1221,1834,1859]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96142575136FFE5C548F8AF5C85F893" box="[1045,1221,1834,1859]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Ptychochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, our new analysis recovered a sister group relationship between 
<emphasis id="B96142575136FFE5C3B1F8CA5B24F8B8" box="[748,868,1871,1896]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">P. m a k i r a</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65136FFE5C2F5F8CA5CC3F8B8" box="[936,1155,1871,1896]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ernestmagnusi">
<emphasis id="B96142575136FFE5C2F5F8CA5CC3F8B8" box="[936,1155,1871,1896]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">P. ernestmagnusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
supported by the two unambiguously optimized anatomical features (characters 23 &amp; 24) discussed above.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455136FFE2C199F81F5C14FEBC" blockId="11.[151,1437,1572,2009]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,152,364]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">
Although similar in many respects, 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65136FFE5C3C9F81F5B30F863" box="[660,880,1946,1971]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ernestmagnusi">
<emphasis id="B96142575136FFE5C3C9F81F5B30F863" box="[660,880,1946,1971]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">P. ernestmagnusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is readily distinguished from 
<emphasis id="B96142575136FFE5C5A4F81F5D30F863" box="[1273,1392,1946,1971]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">P. m a k i r a</emphasis>
by conspicuous iridescent spangling on the flank and dorsal fin membrane near its base, dusky grayish-green base coloration (vs. whitish), four lachrymal laterosensory foramina (vs. three), and a total of seven (vs. six) infraorbital bones. Although only two specimens of 
<emphasis id="B96142575131FFE2C248FF385BC6FF06" box="[789,902,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">P. m a k i r a</emphasis>
have been collected to date and admittedly represent a rather limited size range, the new species is also more shallow bodied (41.7–46.1 vs. 48.1–48.9% SL in 
<emphasis id="B96142575131FFE2C1BDFE8D590DFEF1" box="[224,333,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">P. m a k i r a</emphasis>
), has a larger eye (29.5–37.4 vs. 25.6–27.6% HL in 
<emphasis id="B96142575131FFE2C29CFE8D5C6EFEF1" box="[961,1070,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">P. m a k i r a</emphasis>
), a longer head (34.2–37.1 vs. 32.0–32.2% SL in 
<emphasis id="B96142575131FFE2C025FEA859A6FE96" box="[376,486,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">P. m a k i r a</emphasis>
), a shorter preanal length (71.6–73.5 vs. 75.1% SL in 
<emphasis id="B96142575131FFE2C52BFEA85CA4FE96" box="[1142,1252,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">P. m a k i r a</emphasis>
), and a greater lateral line scale count (34–37 vs. 
<quantity id="4CED33A05131FFE2C375FED75A23FEBC" box="[552,611,338,364]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.382" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" unit="in" value="33.0">33 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65131FFE2C336FED75A9AFEBB" box="[619,730,338,363]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makira">
<emphasis id="B96142575131FFE2C336FED75A9AFEBB" box="[619,730,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">P. makira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) than its sister taxon, 
<emphasis id="B96142575131FFE2C280FED75C09FEBB" box="[989,1097,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">P. m a k i r a</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6ACECD5131FFE2C1CAF9E75A02F8E9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193319/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" targetBox="[173,1427,417,1550]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455131FFE2C1CAF9E75A02F8E9" blockId="12.[151,1437,1634,1849]" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B96142575131FFE2C1CAF9E7595AF9AA" bold="true" box="[151,282,1634,1658]" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Strict consensus cladogram of nine optimal topologies recovered (tree length = 1018, CI = 0.67, RI = 0.61) based on the simultaneous analysis of the nucleotide dataset of Stiassny and Sparks (2006) and 24 morphological transformations. Unambiguously optimized morphological features supporting recovered nodes are designated by solid (unique feature) and open (homoplasious feature) circles. Character numbers (above braches) and states (below branches) correspond to the morphological transformations listed in Table 2 and Appendix 1. Indices in bold at nodes indicate jackknife support. Character state descriptions and statistics are listed in Appendix 1. The morphological character matrix is presented in Table 2.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30FCDCE5131FFE3C199F8E25B2FFF07" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455131FFE2C199F8E25C3AF877" blockId="12.[151,1436,1895,2033]" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B96142575131FFE2C199F8E259B0F851" bold="true" box="[196,496,1895,1921]" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Comparative materials.</emphasis>
Values following catalog numbers indicate count of specimens examined, and do not necessarily correspond to the total number of individuals in that particular lot:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455131FFE3C19BF8375B2FFF07" blockId="12.[151,1436,1895,2033]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,152,2007]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65131FFE2C19BF8375920F81B" box="[198,352,1970,1995]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Katria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="katria">
<emphasis id="B96142575131FFE2C19BF8375920F81B" box="[198,352,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Katria katria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805131FFE2C02DF837598AF81C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[368,458,1970,1996]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">AMNH</collectionCode>
217739, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75131FFE2C36AF8375AE1F81C" box="[567,673,1970,1996]" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, eastern 
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, Tamatave Province, River Nosivolo, below Zule’s Village, large side-pool off mainstream. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805131FFE2C3BFF8525B7EF821" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[738,830,2007,2033]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">AMNH</collectionCode>
93701, 20 ex., 10 ex. C&amp;S, eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55131FFE2C45FF8525DD8F821" box="[1282,1432,2007,2033]" name="Madagascar" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Tamatave Province, River Nosivolo below Ampasimaniona Village, 
<quantity id="4CED33A05130FFE3C283FF1D5C6BFF62" box="[990,1067,152,178]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" unit="km" value="26.0">26 km</quantity>
east-northeast of Marolambo. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805130FFE3C1CAFF3858B2FF07" box="[151,242,189,215]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">UMMZ</collectionCode>
<date id="FFABB8855130FFE3C1A4FF385914FF07" box="[249,340,189,215]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" value="58-03-24">240358</date>
, 1 ex. C&amp;S, eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55130FFE3C31EFF385A93FF07" box="[579,723,189,215]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Marolambo.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30FCDCE5130FFE3C19BFF675D7FF8B7" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455130FFE3C19BFF675A4EFE42" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65130FFE3C19BFF675933FF2B" box="[198,371,226,251]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Oxylapia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polli">
<emphasis id="B96142575130FFE3C19BFF675933FF2B" box="[198,371,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Oxylapia polli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: AMNH 97111, 10 ex., 1 ex. C&amp;S, eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55130FFE3C2C7FF675C69FF2C" box="[922,1065,226,252]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Tamatave Province, Mangoro drainage, village of Marolambo, Nosivolo River. AMNH 97150, 4 ex., 1 ex. C&amp;S, eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55130FFE3C45FFE8D5DD8FEF2" box="[1282,1432,264,290]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Tamatave Province, River Nosivolo by Ambarimasina Village, ca. 
<quantity id="4CED33A05130FFE3C285FEA85C67FE97" box="[984,1063,301,327]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" unit="km" value="16.0">16 km</quantity>
east northeast of Marolambo. UMMZ 235046, 1 ex. C&amp;S, eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55130FFE3C33AFED75B41FEBC" box="[615,769,338,364]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Tamatave Province, Nosivolo River, near village of Marolambo, Mangoro drainage.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455130FFE3C19BFE185A5FFDF7" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65130FFE3C19BFE1859E7FE66" box="[198,423,413,438]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paratilapia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polleni">
<emphasis id="B96142575130FFE3C19BFE1859E7FE66" box="[198,423,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Paratilapia polleni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: AMNH 216068, 25 ex., eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55130FFE3C272FE185BFFFE67" box="[815,959,413,439]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, large baylake, behind dunes 
<quantity id="4CED33A05130FFE3C444FE185D15FE67" box="[1305,1365,413,439]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
south of turnoff from Marolambo-Mananjary road, ca. 100 meters from sea. UMMZ 235043, 2 ex. C&amp;S, northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55130FFE3C068FE6D5989FDD2" box="[309,457,488,514]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Lac Anjavibe, 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55130FFE3C3D1FE6D5A8CFDD2" box="[652,716,488,514]" name="Iceland" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Nosy</collectingCountry>
be. UMMZ 235045, 2 ex. C&amp;S, southeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55130FFE3C45EFE6D5DD7FDD2" box="[1283,1431,488,514]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Sahapindra River, near Vevembe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455130FFE3C19BFDB75AD6FD47" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65130FFE3C19BFDB7599AFD9B" box="[198,474,562,587]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onilahy">
<emphasis id="B96142575130FFE3C19BFDB7599AFD9B" box="[198,474,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Ptychochromis onilahy</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: MNHN 1962-0201, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C3B6FDB75B14FD9C" box="[747,852,562,588]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, southwestern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55130FFE3C553FDB75CDEFD9C" box="[1038,1182,562,588]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Province of Tulear, 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65130FFE3C1CAFDDD58B5FDA2" box="[151,245,600,626]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onilahy">Onilahy</taxonomicName>
River, A. Kiener. AMNH 237130, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C3CAFDDD5ABFFDA2" box="[663,767,600,626]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, 1 ex. (C&amp;S in part), data as for 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C5DDFDDD5CABFDA2" box="[1152,1259,600,626]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. MNHN 2006- 0 780, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C1BDFDF85913FD47" box="[224,339,637,663]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, 3 ex., data as for 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C375FDF85AD2FD47" box="[552,658,637,663]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455130FFE3C19BFD275945FCFC" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65130FFE3C19BFD275990FD6B" box="[198,464,674,699]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makira">
<emphasis id="B96142575130FFE3C19BFD275990FD6B" box="[198,464,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Ptychochromis makira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: AMNH 237131, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C3F4FD275B52FD6C" box="[681,786,674,700]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55130FFE3C2E5FD275C07FD6C" box="[952,1095,674,700]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Antalaha Province, north of Maroansetra, near town of Marovonona, Antainambalana River, purchased from local fishermen by Augustin Sarovy, J. S. Sparks, W. L. Smith, and K. L. Tang. AMNH 237132, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C2E4FD685C61FCD7" box="[953,1057,749,775]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, 1 ex. (C&amp;S in part), data as for 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C1CAFC975942FCFC" box="[151,258,786,812]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455130FFE3C19BFCBD5A0DFB17" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65130FFE3C19BFCBD599CFC81" box="[198,476,824,849]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loisellei">
<emphasis id="B96142575130FFE3C19BFCBD599CFC81" box="[198,476,824,849]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Ptychochromis loisellei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: AMNH 232462, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C3E1FCBD5B65FC82" box="[700,805,824,850]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, male, northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55130FFE3C547FCBD5CE9FC82" box="[1050,1193,824,850]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Antalaha Province, north of Sambava, Mahanara River at Antsirabe-Nord, just upstream of bridge over route N-5 (
<geoCoordinate id="EE21F8825130FFE3C45AFCD85DD6FCA7" box="[1287,1430,859,887]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" precision="9" value="-13.9748335">13° 58.49′S</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE21F8825130FFE3C1CAFC07596AFC4C" box="[151,298,896,924]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" precision="9" value="49.9635">49° 57.81′E</geoCoordinate>
), PVL-01-29, P.V. Loiselle and local fishermen. AMNH 
<date id="FFABB8855130FFE3C286FC075C78FC4C" box="[987,1080,898,924]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" value="49-12-23">231249</date>
, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C518FC075CF0FC4C" box="[1093,1200,898,924]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, 1 ex., northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55130FFE3C1CAFC2D5967FC12" box="[151,295,936,962]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Antalaha Province, main channel of the Mahanara River at Antsirabe-Nord, at bridge on Route N-5 (
<geoCoordinate id="EE21F8825130FFE3C184FC48592BFC37" box="[217,363,971,999]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" precision="9" value="-13.6415">13° 38.49′S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE21F8825130FFE3C029FC485A4BFC37" box="[372,523,971,999]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" precision="9" value="49.9635">49° 57.81′E</geoCoordinate>
), PVL-00-07, P.V. Loiselle. AMNH 
<date id="FFABB8855130FFE3C28CFC485C71FC37" box="[977,1073,973,999]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" value="58-12-23">231258</date>
, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C560FC485CF7FC37" box="[1085,1207,973,999]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, 3 ex., 1 ex. C&amp;S, northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55130FFE3C068FC775989FBDC" box="[309,457,1010,1036]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Antalaha Province, main channel of the Mahanara River at Antsirsabe-Nord, at bridge on Route N-5 (
<geoCoordinate id="EE21F8825130FFE3C0CAFB9D5A60FBE2" box="[407,544,1045,1074]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" precision="9" value="-13.9748335">13° 58.49′S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE21F8825130FFE3C37BFB9D5AF4FBE2" box="[550,692,1045,1074]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" precision="9" value="49.9635">49° 57.81′E</geoCoordinate>
), PVL-00-12, P.V. Loiselle. MNHN 2006-0781, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C5B7FB9D5D12FBE2" box="[1258,1362,1048,1074]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, 1 ex., data as for AMNH 
<date id="FFABB8855130FFE3C0DCFBB8599FFB87" box="[385,479,1085,1111]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" value="58-12-23">231258</date>
. AMNH 232458, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C3E5FBB85B62FB87" box="[696,802,1085,1111]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, 1 ex., northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55130FFE3C54BFBB85CE8FB87" box="[1046,1192,1085,1111]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Antalaha Province, Mahanara River, ca. 
<quantity id="4CED33A05130FFE3C0D3FBE7598BFBAC" box="[398,459,1122,1148]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
northwest of Antsirabe-Nord (
<geoCoordinate id="EE21F8825130FFE3C264FBE75B84FBAC" box="[825,964,1120,1148]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" precision="9" value="-13.955">13° 57.30′S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE21F8825130FFE3C291FBE75C1CFBAC" box="[972,1116,1120,1148]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" precision="9" value="49.93667">49° 56.20′E</geoCoordinate>
), PVL-01-27, P.V. Loiselle and local fishermen. MHNG 2676.095, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C3CBFB0D5B48FB72" box="[662,776,1160,1186]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, 1 ex., data as for AMNH 232458. AMNH 237135, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C1CAFB28594AFB17" box="[151,266,1197,1223]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, 5 ex., data as for 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C082FB285A09FB17" box="[479,585,1197,1223]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455130FFE3C19BFB565ADFFA52" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65130FFE3C19BFB5659B0FB3C" box="[198,496,1235,1260]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curvidens">
<emphasis id="B96142575130FFE3C19BFB5659B0FB3C" box="[198,496,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Ptychochromis curvidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: MHNG 2623.82, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C38EFB575B7CFB3C" box="[723,828,1234,1260]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, northern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55130FFE3C2E8FB575C05FB3C" box="[949,1093,1234,1260]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Antsiranana (Diego Suarez) Province, Andranofanjava, Andranofanjava-Sandriapiana River system, P. de Rham and J.-C. Nourissat. MHNG 2676.096, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C028FA9859A8FAE7" box="[373,488,1309,1335]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, 2 ex., data as for 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C3E0FA985B68FAE7" box="[701,808,1309,1335]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. AMNH 237133, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C2A7FA985C2DFAE7" box="[1018,1133,1309,1335]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, 2 ex., 1 ex. C&amp;S, data as for 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C19CFAC7596DFA8C" box="[193,301,1346,1372]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. MHNG 2623.84, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C356FAC75A34FA8C" box="[523,628,1346,1372]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, 1 ex., northern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55130FFE3C265FAC75B89FA8C" box="[824,969,1346,1372]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Antsiranana (Diego Suarez) Province, Mirosolava, P. de Rham and J.-C. Nourissat.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455130FFE3C19BFA085A2FFA22" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65130FFE3C19BFA0859ACFA76" box="[198,492,1421,1446]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insolitus">
<emphasis id="B96142575130FFE3C19BFA0859ACFA76" box="[198,492,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Ptychochromis insolitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: UMMZ 237066, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C3B7FA085B13FA77" box="[746,851,1421,1447]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, juvenile; northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55130FFE3C5D6FA085D5BFA77" box="[1163,1307,1421,1447]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Antalaha Province, near town of Mandritsara, Sofia drainage basin, Amboaboa (= Ambomboa) River (15° 50′ 1″S; 48° 42′ 51″E), J. S. Sparks and K. J. Riseng.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455130FFE3C19BFA785D7FF8B7" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65130FFE3C19BFA7859AFF9C6" box="[198,495,1533,1558]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
<emphasis id="B96142575130FFE3C19BFA7859AFF9C6" box="[198,495,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Ptychochromis inornatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: UMMZ 237492, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C38FFA785B7BF9C7" box="[722,827,1533,1559]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, adult female, northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55130FFE3C5C9FA785D64F9C7" box="[1172,1316,1533,1559]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Antalaha Province, northeast of Antsohihy, Ankofia drainage, Anjingo River (14º 50′ 41.0″S, 48º 14′ 
<geoCoordinate id="EE21F8825130FFE3C5BCF9A75D6AF9EC" box="[1249,1322,1570,1596]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" precision="5555" value="38.3">38.3E</geoCoordinate>
), JSS 94- 19, J. S. Sparks, K. J. Riseng, and local 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55130FFE3C338F9CD5A97F9B2" box="[613,727,1608,1634]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Malagasy</collectingCountry>
guides. UMMZ 237063, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C55DF9CD5C33F9B2" box="[1024,1139,1608,1634]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, 5 ex., 1 ex. C&amp;S, data as for 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C19FF9E8596EF957" box="[194,302,1645,1671]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. AMNH 
<date id="FFABB8855130FFE3C0C6F9E859B7F957" box="[411,503,1645,1671]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" value="46-07-23">230746</date>
, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C35EF9E85A37F957" box="[515,631,1645,1671]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, 2 ex., data as for 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C20EF9E85BFFF957" box="[851,959,1645,1671]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. UMMZ 237064, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C5CAF9E85D4BF957" box="[1175,1291,1645,1671]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, 5 ex., 2 ex. C&amp;S, northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55130FFE3C0DEF9175A53F97C" box="[387,531,1682,1708]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Antalaha Province, northeast of Antsohihy, Ankofia drainage, Bora Special Reserve, Bemahavony River (tributary of Anjingo River) (14º 52′ 20.4″S, 48º 14′ 52.2″E), JSS 94-20. AMNH 
<date id="FFABB8855130FFE3C1CAF95858B9F927" box="[151,249,1757,1783]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" value="47-07-23">230747</date>
, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C05AF95859C5F927" box="[263,389,1757,1783]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, 2 ex., data as for UMMZ 237064. UMMZ 237065, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C57AF9585CD9F927" box="[1063,1177,1757,1783]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, 1 ex., northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55130FFE3C1CAF8875967F8CC" box="[151,295,1794,1820]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Antalaha Province, northeast of Antsohihy, Ankofia drainage, Lake Andrapongy (14º 41′ 49.3″S, 48º 0 7′ 54.3″E), JSS 94-21. UMMZ 237067, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C3ECF8AD5B65F892" box="[689,805,1832,1858]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, 7 ex., northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55130FFE3C540F8AD5CEDF892" box="[1053,1197,1832,1858]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Antalaha Province, northeast of Antsohihy, Ankofia drainage, Anjingo River (14º 50′ 39.7″S, 48º 14′ 39.5″E), JSS 94-54.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30FCDCE5130FFE0C19BF8F65C04F85C" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455130FFE0C19BF8F65D5BFB72" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2007]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1438,149,2007]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65130FFE3C19BF8F65A43F85C" box="[198,515,1907,1932]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandidieri">
<emphasis id="B96142575130FFE3C19BF8F65A43F85C" box="[198,515,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Ptychochromis grandidieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805130FFE3C349F8F75A2EF85C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[532,622,1906,1932]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">MNHN</collectionCode>
A.4147, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C383F8F75B08F85C" box="[734,840,1906,1932]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55130FFE3C208F8F75BA5F85C" box="[853,997,1906,1932]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, region of high forests, Humblot and Grandidier. See discussion in Sparks (2003) regarding the locality of the 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75130FFE3C546F81D5CCAF862" box="[1051,1162,1944,1970]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Additional Non-Type Material Examined: 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805130FFE3C0D7F83859A4F807" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[394,484,1981,2007]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">MNHN</collectionCode>
A.310, 1 ex., rivers that cross the eastern slope, Lantz. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805130FFE3C527F8385C94F807" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[1146,1236,1981,2007]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">AMNH</collectionCode>
88018, 56 ex., 1 ex., C&amp;S, southeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C0F7FF1D5A7AFF62" box="[426,570,152,178]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Mananjary, estuary of Mananjary River, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE21F8825133FFE0C543FF1D5C39FF62" box="[1054,1145,149,178]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" precision="925" value="-21.083334">21º05′S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE21F8825133FFE0C5DDFF1D5CA0FF62" box="[1152,1248,149,178]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" precision="925" value="48.45">48º27′E</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C5B6FF1D5D05FF62" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[1259,1349,152,178]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">AMNH</collectionCode>
88053, 2 ex., southeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C025FF385A48FF07" box="[376,520,189,215]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Mananjary, estuary of Mananjary River, 21º 
<geoCoordinate id="EE21F8825133FFE0C543FF385C14FF07" box="[1054,1108,187,215]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" precision="925" value="-0.083333336">0 5′S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE21F8825133FFE0C53CFF385C89FF07" box="[1121,1225,187,215]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" precision="925" value="48.45">48º 27′E</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C589FF385D6DFF07" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[1236,1325,189,215]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">AMNH</collectionCode>
88076, 2 ex., eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C06FFF67598DFF2C" box="[306,461,226,252]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Vatomandry, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE21F8825133FFE0C3D8FF675AB3FF2C" box="[645,755,224,252]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" precision="925" value="-19.333334">19º 20′S</geoCoordinate>
, 49º 
<geoCoordinate id="EE21F8825133FFE0C268FF675B34FF2C" box="[821,884,224,252]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" precision="925" value="0.0">0 0′E</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C2DFFF675BA0FF2C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[898,992,226,252]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">AMNH</collectionCode>
88090, 3 ex., eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C5A0FF675DD8FF2C" box="[1277,1432,226,252]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Mahanoro, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE21F8825133FFE0C043FE8D59C2FEF2" box="[286,386,261,290]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" precision="925" value="-19.916666">19º 55′S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE21F8825133FFE0C0D2FE8D59B6FEF2" box="[399,502,261,290]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" precision="925" value="48.833332">48º 50′E</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C35FFE8D5A1CFEF2" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[514,604,264,290]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">AMNH</collectionCode>
88092, 17 ex., eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C231FE8D5BBBFEF2" box="[876,1019,264,290]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Mahanoro, Pangalanes canal north of Mangoro River. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C025FEA85992FE97" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[376,466,301,327]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">AMNH</collectionCode>
88102, 36 ex., 14 ex. C&amp;S, eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C226FEA85C4BFE97" box="[891,1035,301,327]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Baylake behind dunes, ca. 
<quantity id="4CED33A05133FFE0C40CFEA85DDCFE97" box="[1361,1436,301,327]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
from sea. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C051FED75926FEBC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[268,358,338,364]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">AMNH</collectionCode>
88117, 18 ex., eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C32AFED75B47FEBC" box="[631,775,338,364]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Tamatave market, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE21F8825133FFE0C2B0FED75C12FEBC" box="[1005,1106,336,364]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" precision="925" value="-18.166666">18º 10′S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE21F8825133FFE0C502FED75C87FEBC" box="[1119,1223,336,364]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" precision="925" value="49.416668">49º 25′E</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C58EFED75D6DFEBC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[1235,1325,338,364]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">AMNH</collectionCode>
88140, 1 ex., eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C07BFEFD59F7FE42" box="[294,439,376,402]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, 
<quantity id="4CED33A05133FFE0C09EFEFD5A4EFE42" box="[451,526,376,402]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
north of Tamatave, Pangalanes canal, 18º 
<geoCoordinate id="EE21F8825133FFE0C557FEFD5C00FE42" box="[1034,1088,373,402]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" precision="925" value="-0.0">0 0′S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE21F8825133FFE0C512FEFD5CF8FE42" box="[1103,1208,373,402]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" precision="925" value="49.416668">49º 25′E</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C599FEFD5D5EFE42" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[1220,1310,376,402]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">AMNH</collectionCode>
88153, 11 ex., eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C071FE185982FE67" box="[300,450,413,439]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, between Fenerive and Tamatave, Pangalanes canal, 18º 
<geoCoordinate id="EE21F8825133FFE0C522FE185CF8FE67" box="[1151,1208,411,439]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" precision="925" value="-0.0">0 0′S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE21F8825133FFE0C59AFE185D74FE67" box="[1223,1332,411,439]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" precision="925" value="49.416668">49º 25′E</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C41CFE185DDDFE67" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[1345,1437,413,439]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">AMNH</collectionCode>
96999, 52 ex., 2 ex. C&amp;S, eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C31FFE475A97FE0C" box="[578,727,450,476]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Tamatave Province, Mangoro River near mouth. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C41CFE475DDDFE0C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[1345,1437,450,476]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">AMNH</collectionCode>
97008, 185 ex., eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C0EDFE6D5A00FDD2" box="[432,576,488,514]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Salehy village, 
<quantity id="4CED33A05133FFE0C25FFE6D5B7FFDD2" box="[770,831,488,514]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
south of turnoff from Marolambo-Mananjary road, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE21F8825133FFE0C1CAFD8858BCFDF7" box="[151,252,523,551]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" precision="925" value="-19.916666">19º 55′S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE21F8825133FFE0C054FD885929FDF7" box="[265,361,523,551]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" precision="925" value="48.833332">48º50′E</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C02BFD885990FDF7" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[374,464,525,551]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">AMNH</collectionCode>
97012, 12 ex., eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C3BFFD885B31FDF7" box="[738,881,525,551]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Mahanoro market. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C502FD885CF9FDF7" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[1119,1209,525,551]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">AMNH</collectionCode>
97028, 7 ex., 3 ex. C&amp;S, eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C064FDB75988FD9C" box="[313,456,562,588]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Tamatave Province, Bay Lake behind first dune ca. 
<quantity id="4CED33A05133FFE0C570FDB75C37FD9C" box="[1069,1143,562,588]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
from sea, east of road by Sahey Village, 
<quantity id="4CED33A05133FFE0C007FDDD59D9FDA2" box="[346,409,600,626]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
south of turnoff from Marolambo-Manajary Road. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C571FDDD5CCAFDA2" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[1068,1162,600,626]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">AMNH</collectionCode>
97057, 1 ex., eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C1CAFDF8596FFD47" box="[151,303,637,663]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Ambodisovoka village, Savalany River. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C265FDF85BD5FD47" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[824,917,637,663]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">AMNH</collectionCode>
228067, 3 ex., southeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C45DFDF85DD8FD47" box="[1280,1432,637,663]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Lopary, Mananizo River. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C092FD275A6AFD6C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[463,554,674,700]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">AMNH</collectionCode>
228072, 6 ex., southeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C2D5FD275C5CFD6C" box="[904,1052,674,700]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Ampataka village, Sahambavy River. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C1BAFD4D5901FD32" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[231,321,712,738]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">AMNH</collectionCode>
228074, 3 ex., southeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C3C7FD4D5B6CFD32" box="[666,812,712,738]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, 
<quantity id="4CED33A05133FFE0C265FD4D5BC4FD32" box="[824,900,712,738]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
north of Farafangana, Manampatrona River, 22º 43′ 47″S, 47º 47′ 25″E. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C0B9FD685A7EFCD7" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[484,574,749,775]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">AMNH</collectionCode>
231347, 1 ex., southeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C2C9FD685C65FCD7" box="[916,1061,749,775]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Ampataka village, Sahambavy River, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE21F8825133FFE0C1B0FC9759D4FCFC" box="[237,404,786,812]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" precision="15" value="-23.351112">23º 21’ 04”S</geoCoordinate>
, 47º28′18″E. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C319FC975AE1FCFC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[580,673,786,812]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">AMNH</collectionCode>
231352, 4 ex., southeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C54DFC975CEAFCFC" box="[1040,1194,786,812]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Manombo Special Reserve, Takoandra River, 23º 0 1′ 27″S, 47º 43′ 16″E. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C242FCBD5B39FC82" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[799,889,824,850]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">MNHN</collectionCode>
A.7896, 2 ex., central 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C5DAFCBD5D55FC82" box="[1159,1301,824,850]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
to the west of Antananarivo, Lac 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65133FFE0C0C7FCD8599AFCA7" box="[410,474,861,887]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itasy">Itasy</taxonomicName>
(?). 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C35EFCD85A1DFCA7" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[515,605,861,887]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">MNHN</collectionCode>
1901-0020, 1 ex., eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C2CAFCD85C66FCA7" box="[919,1062,861,887]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Tamatave. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C5E9FCD85D4EFCA7" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1204,1294,861,887]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">MNHN</collectionCode>
1901-0021, 1 ex., eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C062FC075991FC4C" box="[319,465,898,924]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Tamatave. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C33CFC075AFCFC4C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[609,700,898,924]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">MNHN</collectionCode>
1932-0082, 1 ex., eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C2A3FC075CD0FC4C" box="[1022,1168,898,924]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Manompana. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C41FFC075DDDFC4C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1346,1437,898,924]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">MNHN</collectionCode>
1932-0083, 13 ex., eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C0B1FC2D5AC3FC12" box="[492,643,936,962]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Manompana. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C266FC2D5BD9FC12" box="[827,921,936,962]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">UMMZ</collectionCode>
233524, 17 ex., 2 ex. C&amp;S, 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C45CFC2D5DD8FC12" box="[1281,1432,936,962]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, southeastern coastal region. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C0BEFC485A7EFC37" box="[483,574,973,999]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">UMMZ</collectionCode>
237311, 22 ex., southeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C2C1FC485C6CFC37" box="[924,1068,973,999]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Mananjary. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C59EFC485D5EFC37" box="[1219,1310,973,999]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">UMMZ</collectionCode>
237312, 3 ex., 1 ex. C&amp;S, southeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C0A5FC775ACBFBDC" box="[504,651,1010,1036]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Manombo Special Reserve. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C2B1FC775C09FBDC" box="[1004,1097,1010,1036]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">UMMZ</collectionCode>
237495, 5 ex., southeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C1CAFB9D5967FBE2" box="[151,295,1048,1074]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, 
<quantity id="4CED33A05133FFE0C06FFB9D592DFBE2" box="[306,365,1048,1074]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
north of Karianga at Mahavelo, Rienana drainage, Andriambondro River, 22º 21′ 47″S, 47º 22′ 0 5″E. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C050FBB85928FB87" box="[269,360,1085,1111]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">UMMZ</collectionCode>
238453, 2 ex., southeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C3E4FBB85B08FB87" box="[697,840,1085,1111]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, near Manombo Special Reserve. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C587FBB85D75FB87" box="[1242,1333,1085,1111]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">UMMZ</collectionCode>
238471, 1 ex., southeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C0CAFBE75A76FBAC" box="[407,566,1122,1148]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Mananjary port. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C242FBE75BC0FBAC" box="[799,896,1122,1148]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">UMMZ</collectionCode>
238472, 11 ex., 2 ex. C&amp;S, southeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C1CAFB0D5967FB72" box="[151,295,1160,1186]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Farafangana market. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C377FB0D5AC5FB72" box="[554,645,1160,1186]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">UMMZ</collectionCode>
238476, 7 ex., 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C266FB0D5B8AFB72" box="[827,970,1160,1186]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, southeastern coastal region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455133FFE0C19BFB285A0DF902" blockId="14.[151,1438,149,2007]" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65133FFE0C19BFB285A55FB16" box="[198,533,1197,1222]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oligacanthus">
<emphasis id="B96142575133FFE0C19BFB285A55FB16" box="[198,533,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Ptychochromis oligacanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C37BFB285A3EFB17" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" box="[550,638,1197,1223]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">RMNH</collectionCode>
3.936, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75133FFE0C384FB285B08FB17" box="[729,840,1197,1223]" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, “ 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C202FB285BB1FB17" box="[863,1009,1197,1223]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, in flumine Samberano, Nossibé, in lacu Pambilao”, Pollen and van Dam. Additional Non-Type Material Examined: 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C5CFFB575CAFFB3C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[1170,1263,1234,1260]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">AMNH</collectionCode>
18841, 1 ex., 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C1CAFB7D5967FAC2" box="[151,295,1272,1298]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
(probably mainland, Sambirano region). 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C24AFB7D5B32FAC2" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[791,882,1272,1298]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">AMNH</collectionCode>
58491, 9 ex., northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C59FFB7D5D14FAC2" box="[1218,1364,1272,1298]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Lake Amparihibe, at the mouth of the inflowing small stream, Lake Antsidihy, 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C54EFA985C12FAE7" box="[1043,1106,1309,1335]" name="Iceland" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Nosy</collectingCountry>
Be. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C5D1FA985CA7FAE7" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[1164,1255,1309,1335]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">AMNH</collectionCode>
215522, 4 ex., northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C063FAC75993FA8C" box="[318,467,1346,1372]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Lake Bemapaza, 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C3E9FAC75AB4FA8C" box="[692,756,1346,1372]" name="Iceland" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Nosy</collectingCountry>
Be. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C272FAC75BCBFA8C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[815,907,1346,1372]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">AMNH</collectionCode>
215523, 15 ex., northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C45EFAC75DD8FA8C" box="[1283,1432,1346,1372]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Lakes Djabala and Ampombilava, 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C30AFAED5ADAFA52" box="[599,666,1384,1410]" name="Iceland" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Nosy</collectingCountry>
Be. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C385FAED5B77FA52" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[728,823,1384,1410]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">AMNH</collectionCode>
<date id="FFABB8855133FFE0C21DFAED5BE3FA52" box="[832,931,1384,1410]" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" value="99-06-23">230699</date>
, 3 ex., northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C5EEFAED5D10FA52" box="[1203,1360,1384,1410]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Lake Andjavibe, 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C042FA08591DFA77" box="[287,349,1421,1447]" name="Iceland" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Nosy</collectingCountry>
Be. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C0CFFA0859ACFA77" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[402,492,1421,1447]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">AMNH</collectionCode>
232399, 2 ex., northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C263FA085B8DFA77" box="[830,973,1421,1447]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Lake Ampombilava, 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C592FA085D4DFA77" box="[1231,1293,1421,1447]" name="Iceland" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Nosy</collectingCountry>
Be. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C41FFA085DDCFA77" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[1346,1436,1421,1447]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">AMNH</collectionCode>
232415, 3 ex., northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C0AAFA375ACCFA1C" box="[503,652,1458,1484]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Lake Djabala, 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C210FA375BCDFA1C" box="[845,909,1458,1484]" name="Iceland" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Nosy</collectingCountry>
Be. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C29AFA375C63FA1C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[967,1059,1458,1484]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">MNHN</collectionCode>
1962-322, 1 ex., northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C1CAFA5D5974FA22" box="[151,308,1496,1522]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Sambirano River. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C371FA5D5ACCFA22" box="[556,652,1496,1522]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">UMMZ</collectionCode>
236591, 26 ex., 4 ex. C&amp;S, northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C5EEFA5D5D10FA22" box="[1203,1360,1496,1522]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Lake Ampombilava, 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C013FA7859CCF9C7" box="[334,396,1533,1559]" name="Iceland" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Nosy</collectingCountry>
Be. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C099FA785A5FF9C7" box="[452,543,1533,1559]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">UMMZ</collectionCode>
237498, 22 ex., 2 ex. C&amp;S, northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C549FA785CE4F9C7" box="[1044,1188,1533,1559]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Lake Djabala, 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C403FA785DDCF9C7" box="[1374,1436,1533,1559]" name="Iceland" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Nosy</collectingCountry>
Be. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C19AF9A75962F9EC" box="[199,290,1570,1596]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">UMMZ</collectionCode>
237493, 3 ex., northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C320F9A75B4DF9EC" box="[637,781,1570,1596]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Lac de Deux Soeurs, 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C544F9A75C17F9EC" box="[1049,1111,1570,1596]" name="Iceland" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Nosy</collectingCountry>
Be. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C5D2F9A75CABF9EC" box="[1167,1259,1570,1596]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">UMMZ</collectionCode>
237494, 1 ex., northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C063F9CD5992F9B2" box="[318,466,1608,1634]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Lake Amparihibe, 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C398F9CD5B45F9B2" box="[709,773,1608,1634]" name="Iceland" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Nosy</collectingCountry>
Be. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C262F9CD5BDCF9B2" box="[831,924,1608,1634]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">UMMZ</collectionCode>
237496, 6 ex., northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C45EF9CD5DD7F9B2" box="[1283,1431,1608,1634]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Lake Bempazava, 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C02CF9E859EFF957" box="[369,431,1645,1671]" name="Iceland" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Nosy</collectingCountry>
Be. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C0BBF9E85A01F957" box="[486,577,1645,1671]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">UMMZ</collectionCode>
237497, 8 ex., northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C2C4F9E85C69F957" box="[921,1065,1645,1671]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Lake Anjavibe, island of 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C403F9E85DDCF957" box="[1374,1436,1645,1671]" name="Iceland" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Nosy</collectingCountry>
Be. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C194F9175967F97C" box="[201,295,1682,1708]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">UMMZ</collectionCode>
237499, 11 ex., 1 ex. C&amp;S, northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C26CF9175B86F97C" box="[817,966,1682,1708]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Mananjeba drainage, Andranomaloto River, northeast of town of Ambanja.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455133FFE0C19BF9585C04F85C" blockId="14.[151,1438,149,2007]" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65133FFE0C19BF9585A7DF926" box="[198,573,1757,1782]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="betsileanus">
<emphasis id="B96142575133FFE0C19BF9585A7DF926" box="[198,573,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Ptychochromoides betsileanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C303F9585AF6F927" box="[606,694,1757,1783]" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">BMNH</collectionCode>
1882.2.25:69, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75133FFE0C2D6F9585BB9F927" box="[907,1017,1757,1783]" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, Betsileo, 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C5CAF9585D67F927" box="[1175,1319,1757,1783]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C419F9585DDCF927" box="[1348,1436,1757,1783]" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">BMNH</collectionCode>
1882.2.25:70, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75133FFE0C01DF88759A1F8CC" box="[320,481,1794,1820]" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
, Betsileo, 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C301F8875AACF8CC" box="[604,748,1794,1820]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C3AAF8875B11F8CC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[759,849,1794,1820]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">AMNH</collectionCode>
217753, 1 ex., southwestern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C5F7F8875D7AF8CC" box="[1194,1338,1794,1820]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Ilanana River, near Ranohira, 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65133FFE0C0F4F8AD5A4CF892" box="[425,524,1832,1858]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onilahy">Onilahy</taxonomicName>
drainage. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C3D3F8AD5AAAF892" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[654,746,1832,1858]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">AMNH</collectionCode>
217763, 1 ex., south-central 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C508F8AD5CABF892" box="[1109,1259,1832,1858]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Manantanana River, headwaters near Iaritsena, Ambalavao Region, Mangoky drainage. 
<collectionCode id="ED0406805133FFE0C516F8C85CEAF8B7" box="[1099,1194,1869,1895]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">UMMZ</collectionCode>
238115, 5 ex., dry skeletons, south-central 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C0EEF8F75A00F85C" box="[435,576,1906,1932]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
Ilanana River, south of Isalo National Park.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30FCDCE5133FFE1C19BF81D5A9FFEF2" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455133FFE0C19BF81D5BBDF807" blockId="14.[151,1438,149,2007]" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65133FFE0C19BF81D599EF861" box="[198,478,1944,1969]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itasy">
<emphasis id="B96142575133FFE0C19BF81D599EF861" box="[198,478,1944,1969]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Ptychochromoides itasy</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: AMNH 2336643, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75133FFE0C39BF81D5B6EF862" box="[710,814,1944,1970]" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, 1 ex., 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C2DFF81D5C52F862" box="[898,1042,1944,1970]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
. MNHN 1919-11, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75133FFE0C5B3F81D5D16F862" box="[1262,1366,1944,1970]" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, 1 ex. C&amp;S, 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55133FFE0C1BDF8385930F807" box="[224,368,1981,2007]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, central highlands, Region of Antananarivo, Lake 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65133FFE0C2E3F8385BB9F807" box="[958,1017,1981,2007]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itasy">Itasy</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA9E455132FFE1C19BFF1D5A9FFEF2" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,290]" pageId="15" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65132FFE1C19BFF1D5A56FF61" box="[198,534,152,177]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vondrozo">
<emphasis id="B96142575132FFE1C19BFF1D5A56FF61" box="[198,534,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="48">Ptychochromoides vondrozo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: AMNH 228488, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75132FFE1C3A4FF1D5B2CFF62" box="[761,876,152,178]" pageId="15" pageNumber="48" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, 2 ex., southeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55132FFE1C53AFF1D5CB7FF62" box="[1127,1271,152,178]" name="Madagascar" pageId="15" pageNumber="48">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Fianarantsoa Province, Region of 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65132FFE1C0C4FF385A53FF07" box="[409,531,189,215]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vondrozo">Vondrozo</taxonomicName>
, near Village of Vevembe, Mananara (du sud) drainage. UMMZ 235294, 
<typeStatus id="54AE20E75132FFE1C1CAFF67594FFF2C" box="[151,271,226,252]" pageId="15" pageNumber="48" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, 3 ex., 1 ex. C&amp;S, southeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F302DED55132FFE1C3C1FF675B71FF2C" box="[668,817,226,252]" name="Madagascar" pageId="15" pageNumber="48">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Fianarantsoa Province, Region of 
<taxonomicName id="4C15E5C65132FFE1C5BFFF675D1BFF2C" box="[1250,1371,226,252]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Ptychochromoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vondrozo">Vondrozo</taxonomicName>
, near Village of Vevembe, Mananara (du sud) drainage.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>