270 lines
31 KiB
XML
270 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="D2E326CEB066C5B9BCC7C044E0B45690" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930010004232" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5299679" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629998679062" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Sanamyan, K. E. & Sanamyan, N. P." docDate="2002" docId="03A67D73FFBFFF92FEB5FB4D1EDEFB13" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.36.3.305-359.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 36 (3)" docSource="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930010004232" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B6EF65DE5B4D2965D4D236BA736D172F.2:JNatHist.2000-2002.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="B6EF65DE5B4D2965D4D236BA736D172F" docStyleName="JNatHist.2000-2002.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Aplidium radiatum" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="310" masterDocId="FF9F050BFFBAFF95FFC9FFB51C37FFA8" masterDocTitle="Deep-water ascidians from the south-western Atlantic (RV Dmitry Mendeleev, cruise 43 and Academic Kurchatov, cruise 11)" masterLastPageNumber="359" masterPageNumber="305" pageNumber="308" updateTime="1699134972858" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="BDF9D8F049D428BEED4EF14E1A8D8A3E">Deep-water ascidians from the south-western Atlantic (RV Dmitry Mendeleev, cruise 43 and Academic Kurchatov, cruise 11)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EFE3B53E57E88E4C3C4404D28DED7983">Sanamyan, K. E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="628A323A6A72F297F3E65156E44BEDF0">Sanamyan, N. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="19A29E4BCC5DDB4757BC4C60CDF9CCB2">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3E4698D1957FC7AC981E30C6F63BB945">
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<mods:date id="74C5579E583CEECE639B5FE0AC49C2F0">2002</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E19D59F10A07B3236D780BB7BA37D5E9">2002-02-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="577BAEC7759A40D888FC08E2EE59D49E">36</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="568F54BEB4B100126EF3E97AF195C355" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930010004232</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A67D73FFBFFF92FEB5FB4D1EDEFB13" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5306297" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5306297" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A67D73FFBFFF92FEB5FB4D1EDEFB13" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A67D73FFBFFF92FEB5FB4D1EDEFB13" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="310" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">
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<subSubSection id="C3159FEEFFBFFF90FEB5FB4D1EBAFA87" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB0CC65FFBFFF90FEB5FB4D1ECCFAB8" blockId="5.[380,763,1272,1296]" box="[380,763,1272,1296]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">
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<heading id="D0F87B09FFBFFF90FEB5FB4D1ECCFAB8" box="[380,763,1272,1296]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFBFFF90FEB5FB4D1ECCFAB8" ID-CoL="FP2Y" authority="(Sluiter, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[380,763,1272,1296]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radiatum">
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<emphasis id="B97B1077FFBFFF90FEB5FB4D1E79FAB8" bold="true" box="[380,590,1272,1296]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">Aplidium radiatum</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB194FFBFFF90FD94FB4D1EC7FAB8" author="SLUITER, C. P." box="[605,752,1272,1296]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" pagination="50" refId="ref25187" refString="SLUITER, C. P., 1906, Tuniciers, in: ExpeAdition Antarctique FrancEaise (1903 ± 1905), Masson edition, Paris, 1 ± 50." type="journal article" year="1906">Sluiter, 1906</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB0CC65FFBFFF90FE23FAA21EBAFA87" blockId="5.[93,1049,1303,1519]" box="[490,653,1303,1328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">(®gures 1B, 2)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3159FEEFFBFFF90FF94FA8C1E17FA46" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB0CC65FFBFFF90FF94FA8C1E23FAE7" blockId="5.[93,1049,1303,1519]" box="[93,532,1337,1359]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1FEB4BFFBFFF90FF94FA8C1E23FAE7" box="[93,532,1337,1359]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAEEA74FFBFFF90FF94FA8C1E39FAE7" author="SLUITER, C. P." box="[93,526,1337,1359]" page="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" year="1906">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFBFFF90FF94FA8C1E39FAE7" ID-CoL="6WC29" authority="Sluiter, 1906: 25" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityPageNumber="25" authorityYear="1906" box="[93,526,1337,1359]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Psammaplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radiatum">
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<emphasis id="B97B1077FFBFFF90FF94FA8C1D69FAE7" box="[93,350,1337,1359]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">Psammaplidium radiatum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB194FFBFFF90FEAFFA8C1E39FAE7" author="SLUITER, C. P." box="[358,526,1337,1359]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" pagination="50" refId="ref25187" refString="SLUITER, C. P., 1906, Tuniciers, in: ExpeAdition Antarctique FrancEaise (1903 ± 1905), Masson edition, Paris, 1 ± 50." type="journal article" year="1906">Sluiter, 1906: 25</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB0CC65FFBFFF90FF94FAE11CD4FA2D" blockId="5.[93,1049,1303,1519]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1FEB4BFFBFFF90FF94FAE11CD4FA2D" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFBFFF90FF94FAE11DD5FAC2" ID-CoL="4X9NS" authority=": Monniot, 1978: 10" authorityName="Monniot" authorityPageNumber="10" authorityYear="1978" box="[93,482,1364,1386]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Sidnyum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radiatum">
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<emphasis id="B97B1077FFBFFF90FF94FAE11D22FAC2" box="[93,277,1364,1386]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">Sidnyum radiatum</emphasis>
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: Monniot, 1978: 10
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</taxonomicName>
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(synonymy and
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<typeStatus id="54B472C7FFBFFF90FD47FAE01E8DFAC2" box="[654,698,1365,1386]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">type</typeStatus>
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revision);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAEEA74FFBFFF90FCE1FAE11CE8FA2D" author="MONNIOT, C. & MONNIOT, F." page="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" year="1983">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB194FFBFFF90FCE1FAE11CE8FA2D" author="MONNIOT, C. & MONNIOT, F." pageId="5" pageNumber="308" pagination="168" refId="ref24328" refString="MONNIOT, C. and MONNIOT, F., 1983, Ascidies antarctiques et subantarctiques: morphologie et biogeAographie, MeAmoires du MuseAum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, (A), 125, 1 ± 168." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot and Monniot, 1983: 30</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB0CC65FFBFFF90FF94FA3C1E2DFA37" blockId="5.[93,1049,1303,1519]" box="[93,538,1417,1439]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1FEB4BFFBFFF90FF94FA3C1E2DFA37" box="[93,538,1417,1439]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAEEA74FFBFFF90FF94FA3C1E23FA37" author="SLUITER, C. P." box="[93,532,1417,1439]" page="458" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" year="1912">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFBFFF90FF94FA3C1E23FA37" ID-CoL="3X48L" authority="Sluiter, 1912: 458" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityPageNumber="458" authorityYear="1912" box="[93,532,1417,1439]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Macroclinum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pererratum">
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<emphasis id="B97B1077FFBFFF90FF94FA3C1D6FFA37" box="[93,344,1417,1439]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">Macroclinum pererratum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB194FFBFFF90FEA8FA3C1E23FA37" author="SLUITER, C. P." box="[353,532,1417,1439]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" pagination="452" refId="ref25218" refString="SLUITER, C. P., 1912, Les ascidies de l'ExpeAdition Antarctique FrancEaise du`Pourquoi-pas? ' commande par le Dr. Charcot 1908 ± 1909, Bulletin du MuseAum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 18 (7), 452 ± 460." type="journal article" year="1912">Sluiter, 1912: 458</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB0CC65FFBFFF90FF94FA111CD5FA7D" blockId="5.[93,1049,1303,1519]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1FEB4BFFBFFF90FF94FA111CD5FA7D" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFBFFF90FF94FA111DD9FA12" ID-CoL="4X9NN" authority=": Monniot, 1978: 14" authorityName="Monniot" authorityPageNumber="14" authorityYear="1978" box="[93,494,1444,1466]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Sidnyum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pererratum">
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<emphasis id="B97B1077FFBFFF90FF94FA111D1FFA12" box="[93,296,1444,1466]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">Sidnyum pererratum</emphasis>
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: Monniot, 1978: 14
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</taxonomicName>
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(synonymy and
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<typeStatus id="54B472C7FFBFFF90FD5FFA111EF5FA11" box="[662,706,1444,1465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">type</typeStatus>
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revision);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAEEA74FFBFFF90FCE5FA111CE8FA7D" author="MONNIOT, C. & MONNIOT, F." page="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" year="1983">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB194FFBFFF90FCE5FA111CE8FA7D" author="MONNIOT, C. & MONNIOT, F." pageId="5" pageNumber="308" pagination="168" refId="ref24328" refString="MONNIOT, C. and MONNIOT, F., 1983, Ascidies antarctiques et subantarctiques: morphologie et biogeAographie, MeAmoires du MuseAum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, (A), 125, 1 ± 168." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot and Monniot, 1983: 31</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB0CC65FFBFFF90FF94FA6C1E17FA46" blockId="5.[93,1049,1303,1519]" box="[93,544,1497,1519]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1FEB4BFFBFFF90FF94FA6C1E17FA46" box="[93,544,1497,1519]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">
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Not
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAEEA74FFBFFF90FF47FA6C1E2EFA47" author="MILLAR, R. H." box="[142,537,1497,1519]" page="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" year="1982">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFBFFF90FF47FA6C1E2EFA47" ID-CoL="53XZT" authority=": Millar, 1982: 15" authorityName=": Millar" authorityPageNumber="15" authorityYear="1982" box="[142,537,1497,1519]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pererratum">
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<emphasis id="B97B1077FFBFFF90FF47FA6C1D51FA47" box="[142,358,1497,1519]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">Synoicum pererratum</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB194FFBFFF90FEBDFA6C1E2EFA47" author="MILLAR, R. H." box="[372,537,1497,1519]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" pagination="1" refId="ref23795" refString="MILLAR, R. H., 1982, The marine fauna of New Zealand: Ascidiacea, New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 85, 1 ± 117." type="journal article" year="1982">Millar, 1982: 15</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3159FEEFFBFFF92FF4FF9B31EDEFB13" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="310" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB0CC65FFBFFF90FF4FF9B31ED2F9B6" blockId="5.[93,1049,1542,1662]" box="[134,741,1542,1566]" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">
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<emphasis id="B97B1077FFBFFF90FF4FF9B31D6EF9B6" box="[134,345,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">Material examined</emphasis>
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. St. 4096, 255±
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<quantity id="4CF76180FFBFFF90FDC5F9B31E67F9B6" box="[524,592,1542,1566]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" unit="m" value="285.0">285 m</quantity>
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, 40 colonies.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB0CC65FFBFFF93FF4FF9921D1DFA17" blockId="5.[93,1049,1542,1662]" lastBlockId="6.[93,1049,1351,1662]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="309" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">
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<emphasis id="B97B1077FFBFFF90FF4FF9921D33F996" box="[134,260,1575,1598]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="308">Description</emphasis>
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. The smaller colonies, 1±1.5 cm in diameter, are nearly spherical or hemispherical, the larger, up to
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<quantity id="4CF76180FFBFFF90FE1FF9F31E3EF9F6" box="[470,521,1606,1630]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
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in greatest diameter, are oval in outline and relatively ¯at, no more than
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<quantity id="4CF76180FFBFFF90FE7AF9D31DD1F9D5" box="[435,486,1638,1662]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="308" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
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in height (®gure 1B). The brittle test is densely impregnated with sand. Vertical zooids open on the upper surface of the colony. They are not visible through the test but their position sometimes is marked by a low elevation of the test. Rather irregular radial rows of zooids are distinguishable on some colonies.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF709CEDFFBCFF93FFACFB421826FAA4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5299683" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5299683" box="[101,1041,1270,1292]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5299683/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="309" startId="6.[101,117,1271,1292]" targetBox="[262,881,106,1242]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="8BB0CC65FFBCFF93FFACFB421826FAA4" blockId="6.[101,1041,1270,1292]" box="[101,1041,1270,1292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="309">
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FIG. 2.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFBCFF93FF08FB431E2FFAA4" authority="(Sluiter, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[193,536,1270,1292]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="309" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radiatum">
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<emphasis id="B97B1077FFBCFF93FF08FB431D4BFAA4" box="[193,380,1270,1292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="309">Aplidium radiatum</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB194FFBCFF93FE47FB431E27FAA4" author="SLUITER, C. P." box="[398,528,1270,1292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="309" pagination="50" refId="ref25187" refString="SLUITER, C. P., 1906, Tuniciers, in: ExpeAdition Antarctique FrancEaise (1903 ± 1905), Masson edition, Paris, 1 ± 50." type="journal article" year="1906">Sluiter, 1906</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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: (A, B) zooid; (C) cross-section of the stomach.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BB0CC65FFBCFF92FF4FFA731E7FFEAE" blockId="6.[93,1049,1351,1662]" lastBlockId="7.[93,1049,107,1211]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="310" pageId="6" pageNumber="309">
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The zooids are usually
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<quantity id="4CF76180FFBCFF93FE57FA731DC0FA76" box="[414,503,1478,1502]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="309" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4±5 mm</quantity>
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long, but are smaller in the contracted state. Thorax, abdomen and postabdomen are of about equal length in most zooids (1.2 ±1.5 mm), but relaxed thorax may be much larger (up to
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<quantity id="4CF76180FFBCFF93FC99F9B31FBBF9B6" box="[848,908,1542,1566]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="309" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
|
long). The branchial siphon has eight triangular pointed lobes. A large and wide atrial languet extends out from the small atrial aperture and divides into three long lobes. Thin longitudinal muscles are widely spaced on the thorax, and form two bands continuing along ventral side of abdomen and postabdomen. The branchial sac has 12 rows, with 16±18 stigmata per half row, but stigmata were counted only in one wellexpanded zooid. The stomach is in the middle of the abdomen and has ®ve or six rather regular but sometimes indistinct ¯attened folds. A group of large male follicles is in the anterior half of the postabdomen.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB0CC65FFBDFF92FF4FFEBA1FC6FE02" blockId="7.[93,1049,107,1211]" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">
|
|
An unusual elongated horizontal body sometimes curves around the ventral surface at the top of the oesophageal neck (®gure 2B). It has its own thin membraneous wall and is ®lled by granules of unknown nature. We have examined similar bodies only once previously, in poorly preserved undescribed
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFBDFF92FC88FEC41F91FE21" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[833,934,369,393]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97B1077FFBDFF92FC88FEC41F91FE21" box="[833,934,369,393]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">Aplidium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from the north-west Paci®c, but in those specimens the bodies were present in all zooids.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB0CC65FFBDFF92FF4FFE061FE9FD58" blockId="7.[93,1049,107,1211]" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97B1077FFBDFF92FF4FFE061CDEFE63" box="[134,233,435,459]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">Remarks</emphasis>
|
|
. All zooids examined have eight lobes of the branchial siphon and are identical to those redescribed by Monniot (1978) from the
|
|
<typeStatus id="54B472C7FFBDFF92FC93FE611FBCFE44" box="[858,907,468,492]" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">type</typeStatus>
|
|
material of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFBDFF92FF94FE411CD3FDA4" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[93,228,500,524]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radiatum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97B1077FFBDFF92FF94FE411CD3FDA4" box="[93,228,500,524]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">A. radiatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Zooids from
|
|
<typeStatus id="54B472C7FFBDFF92FE5DFE411DF2FDA4" box="[404,453,500,524]" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">type</typeStatus>
|
|
colonies of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFBDFF92FD9EFE411EC0FDA4" authorityName=": Millar" authorityYear="1982" box="[599,759,500,524]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pererratum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97B1077FFBDFF92FD9EFE411EC0FDA4" box="[599,759,500,524]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">A. pererratum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have fewer stigmata per row (14) but otherwise they are identical with those of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFBDFF92FD3EFDA11F49FD84" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[759,894,532,556]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radiatum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97B1077FFBDFF92FD3EFDA11F49FD84" box="[759,894,532,556]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">A. radiatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Colonies of these two species were treated as very similar by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB194FFBDFF92FD64FD801824FDE5" author="MONNIOT, C. & MONNIOT, F." box="[685,1043,565,589]" pageId="7" pageNumber="310" pagination="168" refId="ref24328" refString="MONNIOT, C. and MONNIOT, F., 1983, Ascidies antarctiques et subantarctiques: morphologie et biogeAographie, MeAmoires du MuseAum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, (A), 125, 1 ± 168." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot and Monniot (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, although they described hemispherical cushions in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFBDFF92FD7AFDE31F0EFDC6" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[691,825,598,622]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radiatum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97B1077FFBDFF92FD7AFDE31F0EFDC6" box="[691,825,598,622]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">A. radiatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and ¯attened oval masses in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFBDFF92FF1AFDC31D58FD26" authorityName=": Millar" authorityYear="1982" box="[211,367,630,654]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pererratum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97B1077FFBDFF92FF1AFDC31D58FD26" box="[211,367,630,654]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">A. pererratum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. This is not a valid diOEerence, both
|
|
<typeStatus id="54B472C7FFBDFF92FCDDFDC21F78FD27" box="[788,847,631,655]" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">types</typeStatus>
|
|
and intermediate forms are present in our material from st. 4096. These species are obviously conspeci®c and we do not support the opinion of
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB194FFBDFF92FD99FD0D1F9DFD78" author="MONNIOT, C. & MONNIOT, F." box="[592,938,696,720]" pageId="7" pageNumber="310" pagination="95" refId="ref24297" refString="MONNIOT, C. and MONNIOT, F., 1982, Some antarctic deep-sea tunicates in the Smithsonian collections, Antarctic Research Series, 32, 95 ± 130." type="journal article" year="1982">Monniot and Monniot (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
that they should be treated as distinct because the larva of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFBDFF92FD50FD6D1F00FD58" authorityName=": Millar" authorityYear="1982" box="[665,823,728,752]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pererratum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97B1077FFBDFF92FD50FD6D1F00FD58" box="[665,823,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">A. pererratum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is not known.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB0CC65FFBDFF92FF4FFD4F1E59FCDB" blockId="7.[93,1049,107,1211]" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">
|
|
We examined many colonies collected on the
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3188CF5FFBDFF92FD5EFD4F1F05FCB9" box="[663,818,761,785]" name="New Zealand" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
|
Plateau, from close to the location of?
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFBDFF92FEFCFCAF1E8AFC9A" authority=": Millar, 1982" authorityName=": Millar" authorityYear="1982" box="[309,701,794,818]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pererratum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97B1077FFBDFF92FEFCFCAF1E14FC9A" box="[309,547,794,818]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">Synoicum pererratum</emphasis>
|
|
:
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB194FFBDFF92FDFBFCAF1E8AFC9A" author="MILLAR, R. H." box="[562,701,794,818]" pageId="7" pageNumber="310" pagination="1" refId="ref23795" refString="MILLAR, R. H., 1982, The marine fauna of New Zealand: Ascidiacea, New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 85, 1 ± 117." type="journal article" year="1982">Millar, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and conforming exactly to his description and ®gure (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB194FFBDFF92FEBDFC8F1E35FCFA" author="MILLAR, R. H." box="[372,514,826,850]" pageId="7" pageNumber="310" pagination="1" refId="ref23795" refString="MILLAR, R. H., 1982, The marine fauna of New Zealand: Ascidiacea, New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 85, 1 ± 117." type="journal article" year="1982">Millar, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, ®gure 4a, b). The zooids have six branchial lobes and therefore belong to another species.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB0CC65FFBDFF92FF4FFCC91EDEFB13" blockId="7.[93,1049,107,1211]" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">
|
|
The species with eight-lobed branchial siphon were usually included in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFBDFF92FC71FCC91CC9FC1D" authority="Savigny, 1816" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Sidnyum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97B1077FFBDFF92FC71FCC91820FC3C" box="[952,1047,892,916]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">Sidnyum</emphasis>
|
|
Savigny, 1816
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but it was synonymized with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFBDFF92FDBDFC281EEEFC1D" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[628,729,925,949]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97B1077FFBDFF92FDBDFC281EEEFC1D" box="[628,729,925,949]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">Aplidium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB194FFBDFF92FCC4FC281C9EFC7D" author="MONNIOT, C. & MONNIOT, F." pageId="7" pageNumber="310" pagination="19" refId="ref24500" refString="MONNIOT, C. and MONNIOT, F., 1987, Discussion sur la valeur de deux genres d'ascidies a propos d'espeAces nouvelles en Mediterranee, Annales de l'Institut oceAanographique, Paris, 63 (2), 19 ± 130." type="journal article" year="1987">Monniot and Monniot (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
(see also
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB194FFBDFF92FED3FC0B1D95FC7D" author="KOTT, P." box="[282,418,957,981]" pageId="7" pageNumber="310" pagination="375" refId="ref23509" refString="KOTT, P., 1992 a, The Australian Ascidiacea, part 3, Aplousobranchia (2), Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 32 (2), 375 ± 620." type="journal article" year="1992">Kott, 1992a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB194FFBDFF92FE75FC081E48FC7D" author="NAKAUCHI, M." box="[444,639,957,981]" pageId="7" pageNumber="310" pagination="267" refId="ref24964" refString="NAKAUCHI, M., 1986, Oozooid development and budding in the polyclinid ascidian, Parascidia X emingii (Urochordata), Journal of Zoology, London, (A), 208, 255 ± 267." type="journal article" year="1986">Nakauchi (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
discussed the problem of the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFBDFF92FF94FC6B1C8BFC5E" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[93,188,990,1014]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Sidnyum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97B1077FFBDFF92FF94FC6B1C8BFC5E" box="[93,188,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">Sidnyum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. It was pointed out that the
|
|
<typeStatus id="54B472C7FFBDFF92FDF9FC6A1E56FC5F" box="[560,609,991,1015]" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">type</typeStatus>
|
|
species of this genus,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFBDFF92FCB3FC6B1CCCFBBF" authority="Savigny, 1816" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Sidnyum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turbinatum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97B1077FFBDFF92FCB3FC6B182EFC5E" box="[890,1049,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">S. turbinatum</emphasis>
|
|
Savigny, 1816
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, according to the original description of the branchial siphon has six lobes, so the only character that diOEerentiates both genera is invalid. Most probably, however, the six-lobed instead of eight-lobed siphon was indicated in the original description of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFBDFF92FEC3FBD71D90FBD2" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[266,423,1122,1146]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Sidnyum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turbinatum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97B1077FFBDFF92FEC3FBD71D90FBD2" box="[266,423,1122,1146]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">S. turbinatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by mistake, and several species with the eight-lobed branchial siphon were synonymized with the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFBDFF92FDACFB361EC8FB33" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[613,767,1155,1179]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Sidnyum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turbinatum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97B1077FFBDFF92FDACFB361EC8FB33" box="[613,767,1155,1179]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">S. turbinatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFBDFF92FCC4FB361CD2FB13" authority="Giard, 1872" authorityName="Giard" authorityYear="1872" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Circinalium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concrescens">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97B1077FFBDFF92FCC4FB36182EFB32" box="[781,1049,1155,1179]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">Circinalium concrescens</emphasis>
|
|
Giard, 1872
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
;
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFBDFF92FF3FFB161EE1FB13" authority="Huitfeldt-Kaas, 1896" authorityName="Huitfeldt-Kaas" authorityYear="1896" box="[246,726,1187,1211]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Parascidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crispum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B97B1077FFBDFF92FF3FFB161DEAFB13" box="[246,477,1187,1211]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="310">Parascidium crispum</emphasis>
|
|
Huitfeldt-Kaas, 1896
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |