159 lines
19 KiB
XML
159 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="172390BD4ED034BA84FFC46CD25C7254" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930010004232" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5299679" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629998679062" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Sanamyan, K. E. & Sanamyan, N. P." docDate="2002" docId="03A67D73FFB3FF9FFE6DFFDE1F7AFA97" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.36.3.305-359.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 36 (3)" docSource="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930010004232" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B6EF65DE5B4D2965D4D236BA736D172F.2:JNatHist.2000-2002.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="B6EF65DE5B4D2965D4D236BA736D172F" docStyleName="JNatHist.2000-2002.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Ritterella chetvergovi Sanamyan & Sanamyan 2002, sp.n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="313" masterDocId="FF9F050BFFBAFF95FFC9FFB51C37FFA8" masterDocTitle="Deep-water ascidians from the south-western Atlantic (RV Dmitry Mendeleev, cruise 43 and Academic Kurchatov, cruise 11)" masterLastPageNumber="359" masterPageNumber="305" pageNumber="312" updateTime="1699134972858" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="30016000077734F5395C164C7692D1C9">Deep-water ascidians from the south-western Atlantic (RV Dmitry Mendeleev, cruise 43 and Academic Kurchatov, cruise 11)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3CB8977528D7C3A5FBD8FD986E086C14">Sanamyan, K. E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="215AB8D34CF96A8AEBB4BF46695FB0FE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="6C6750B1F594D7299B8F2BB0BDC695DC">Sanamyan, N. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0EEDB84F804A012AF469CF5D380ADADD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="DB13E2E2F4C8E3800C2CDA7ECD644701">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="78F1FC2288D03DA82ADC47DA5F729265">
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<mods:date id="AEBB5932A52A854A8BA873C7A00EA74B">2002</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="B191D217B6EC323518613533A4BA28EC" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="B3230FC3F6E135CB0E001C9CF7E3D30F">2002-02-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="D2E5368B1F7FCBBCA16476B5628156CE" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="32DBF6FA07F2BAC76EEAB86594C59976">36</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="9559A17B93964AB1E4CAF6B078E35DE8" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="882C27A5367ACD1D2B6CFF7AA0253D32">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="7E5EA057041970F8E99ABA4CE868916A">305</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="F663D5D88F54F45BE204957D1FC46A83">359</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="0CA80D9F83D4D104A4A08990CF65C737">http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930010004232</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="7E47CBA918071C9788CA86DA36021E59">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F413B02578F608BC91C0E6C49A4B0BB2" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930010004232</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="611F9990E3928CD030641F297AC0C536" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="57E32C6996C0F42D78FF1A9626A43FCA" type="Zenodo-Dep">5299679</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A67D73FFB3FF9FFE6DFFDE1F7AFA97" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5306299" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5306299" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A67D73FFB3FF9FFE6DFFDE1F7AFA97" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A67D73FFB3FF9FFE6DFFDE1F7AFA97" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="313" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">
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<subSubSection id="C3159FEEFFB3FF9CFE6DFFDE1E58FF0B" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB0CC65FFB3FF9CFE6DFFDE1EE7FF2B" blockId="9.[420,720,107,164]" box="[420,720,107,131]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">
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<heading id="D0F87B09FFB3FF9CFE6DFFDE1EE7FF2B" box="[420,720,107,131]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFB3FF9CFE6DFFDE1EA5FF2B" ID-CoL="6WX3P" authority="Sanamyan & Sanamyan, 2002" authorityName="Sanamyan & Sanamyan" authorityYear="2002" box="[420,658,107,131]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ritterellidae" genus="Ritterella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chetvergovi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B97B1077FFB3FF9CFE6DFFDE1EA5FF2B" bold="true" box="[420,658,107,131]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Ritterella chetvergovi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A248AD0CFFB3FF9CFD52FFD91EE7FF2B" box="[667,720,108,131]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB0CC65FFB3FF9CFDCEFF3E1E58FF0B" blockId="9.[420,720,107,164]" box="[519,623,139,164]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">(®gure 4)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3159FEEFFB3FF9FFF4FFF0E1F7AFA97" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="313" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB0CC65FFB3FF9CFF4FFF0E1F88FF7B" blockId="9.[93,1049,187,722]" box="[134,959,187,211]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">
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<emphasis id="B97B1077FFB3FF9CFF4FFF0E1D6EFF7B" box="[134,345,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Material examined</emphasis>
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. St.
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<quantity id="4CF76180FFB3FF9CFE58FF0E1E69FF7B" box="[401,606,187,211]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2737332" metricValueMax="5.631" metricValueMin="0.9164664" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" unit="m" value="3273.7332" valueMax="5631.0" valueMin="916.4664">916, 4664±5631 m</quantity>
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, one colony.
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<typeStatus id="54B472C7FFB3FF9CFD33FF0E1F52FF7B" box="[762,869,187,211]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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1/1042.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB0CC65FFB3FF9CFF4FFF691DC8FD39" blockId="9.[93,1049,187,722]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">
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<emphasis id="B97B1077FFB3FF9CFF4FFF691D33FF5B" box="[134,260,220,243]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Description</emphasis>
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. The colony is
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<quantity id="4CF76180FFB3FF9CFE72FF6E1E32FF5B" box="[443,517,219,243]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
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in greatest diameter near the base, and
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<quantity id="4CF76180FFB3FF9CFC15FF6E182FFF5B" box="[988,1048,219,243]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
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in height. It consists of a wide oval basal part and a short, upright, ¯at-topped zooid-bearing column (®gure 4A). The super®cial layer of the test is fragile, coated by minute sand grains and can be easily removed. Sand grains coat the whole surface apart from small areas above the thorax of the zooids. The inner test is soft, transparent, without embedded sand. It contains small blue pigment granules, persisting after 29 years of storage in alcohol; the granules are also present in zooids, especially in the stomach folds. The colony contains few vertical zooids forming a single circle in the zooid-bearing column. Branchial and atrial siphons of each zooid open separately on the top of the sides of the column. The branchial opening is on the short, protruding siphon directed toward the base of the colony, and a sessile atrial opening is above it. There is a central stem of ®rm test in the zooid-bearing column; many other species with cylindrical lobes and zooids arranged in a single circle have similar supporting stems.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB0CC65FFB3FF9FFF4FFD2F1CF3FDCA" blockId="9.[93,1049,187,722]" lastBlockId="10.[93,1049,107,1343]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="313" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">
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The zooids are thick, about
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<quantity id="4CF76180FFB3FF9CFE02FD2F1E30FD19" box="[459,519,666,690]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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long in contracted state (®gure 4B). Most are in rather poor condition and only a few can be examined. A wide, nearly rectangular thorax is slightly shorter than the abdomen. About ten widely separated longitudinal muscles are on each side of the thorax and form a ribbon on the ventral side of the abdomen. There are numerous thin transverse thoracic muscles. The branchial and atrial openings are on short siphons at the top of the thorax. They are well removed from each other and both have six rather indistinct lobes. About 30 long and thick tentacles may reach the bottom of the contracted thorax or protrude outside from the branchial siphon. Such long tentacles are present in other colonial deep-water species without true stigmata (e.g.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFB0FF9FFE25FEFE1E91FECB" authorityName="Herdman" authorityYear="1886" box="[492,678,331,355]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ritterellidae" genus="Pharyngodictyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="313" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97B1077FFB0FF9FFE25FEFE1E91FECB" box="[492,678,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="313">Pharyngodictyon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFB0FF9FFD2DFEFE1F40FECB" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1969" box="[740,887,331,355]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Protoholozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="313" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97B1077FFB0FF9FFD2DFEFE1F40FECB" box="[740,887,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="313">Protoholozoa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). The present species, however, has true narrow longitudinal stigmata arranged into ten rows. There are about ten stigmata per half row in the middle of the branchial sac, but apparently no more than ®ve stigmata in most posterior row, although they cannot be counted exactly. Rows of stigmata are separated by nine raised transverse vessels, each with a long dorsal languet. Each row is crossed by a parastigmatic vessel. Parastigmatic vessels are as high as transverse vessels separating rows of stigmata, and at ®rst view the branchial sac appears to have much more numerous rows of stigmata.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF709CEDFFB3FF9CFECCF9DC1F46F9D6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5299687" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5299687" box="[261,881,1640,1662]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5299687/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" startId="9.[261,277,1641,1662]" targetBox="[274,869,776,1613]" targetPageId="9">
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<paragraph id="8BB0CC65FFB3FF9CFECCF9DC1F46F9D6" blockId="9.[261,881,1640,1662]" box="[261,881,1640,1662]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">
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FIG. 4.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFB3FF9CFEA8F9DD1E00F9D6" authority="Sanamyan & Sanamyan, 2002" authorityName="Sanamyan & Sanamyan" authorityYear="2002" box="[353,567,1640,1662]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ritterellidae" genus="Ritterella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chetvergovi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B97B1077FFB3FF9CFEA8F9DD1E00F9D6" box="[353,567,1640,1662]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="312">Ritterella chetvergovi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A248AD0CFFB3FF9CFDF6F9DC1E4FF9D6" box="[575,632,1641,1662]" pageId="9" pageNumber="312" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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: (A) colony; (B) zooid.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BB0CC65FFB0FF9FFF4FFDDF1FEFFC89" blockId="10.[93,1049,107,1343]" pageId="10" pageNumber="313">The abdomen is a little curved ventrally by contraction of ventral muscle ribbon. The oesophagus is of moderate length. The large symmetrical cylindrical stomach is in the middle of the abdomen and has about 20 raised longitudinal and more or less regular folds. The intestine is ®lled by mud and its subdivision into regions is unclear. A stem of parenchymal tissue, apparently epicardium, continues from the bottom of the branchial sac to the end of the abdomen along its ventral side.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB0CC65FFB0FF9FFF4FFC9C1834FCC9" blockId="10.[93,1049,107,1343]" pageId="10" pageNumber="313">The small sac with gonads is just under and somewhat to the left of the pole of the gut loop. Few large male follicles are in a compact bunch, ovary not present.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB0CC65FFB0FF9FFF4FFCDC1839FBA8" blockId="10.[93,1049,107,1343]" pageId="10" pageNumber="313">
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<emphasis id="B97B1077FFB0FF9FFF4FFCDC1CDEFC29" box="[134,233,873,897]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="313">Remarks</emphasis>
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. The species seems to have a true postabdomen and therefore should be assigned to
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFB0FF9FFED8FC3C1D4DFC09" authorityName="Harant" authorityYear="1931" box="[273,378,905,929]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ritterellidae" genus="Ritterella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="313" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97B1077FFB0FF9FFED8FC3C1D4DFC09" box="[273,378,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="313">Ritterella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Although the postabdomen is small and inconspicuous, and its presence may be doubted, it resembles that in such species as
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFB0FF9FFC7DFC1D1D98FC48" authority="(Sluiter, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="313" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="circumvolutum">
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<emphasis id="B97B1077FFB0FF9FFC7DFC1D1CCAFC48" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="313">Aplidium circumvolutum</emphasis>
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(Sluiter, 1900)
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</taxonomicName>
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in which the posterior abdomen (with bunched testis follicles) gets pulled up behind the thorax when the strong muscle bands contract.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB0CC65FFB0FF9FFF4FFBBD1CF1FB28" blockId="10.[93,1049,107,1343]" pageId="10" pageNumber="313">
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A similar species was assigned to
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFB0FF9FFDC3FBBD1E5AFB88" authorityName="Renier" authorityYear="1804" box="[522,621,1032,1056]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Polycitor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="313" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97B1077FFB0FF9FFDC3FBBD1E5AFB88" box="[522,621,1032,1056]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="313">Polycitor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB194FFB0FF9FFD55FBBD1F01FB88" author="MILLAR, R. H." box="[668,822,1032,1056]" pageId="10" pageNumber="313" pagination="99" refId="ref23746" refString="MILLAR, R. H., 1970, Ascidians, including specimens from the deep sea, collected by R. V.`Vema' and now in the American Museum of Natural History, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 49, 99 ± 159." type="journal article" year="1970">Millar (1970)</bibRefCitation>
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(see remarks under
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFB0FF9FFF94FB9D1DB3FBE8" authorityName=": Kott" authorityYear="1969" box="[93,388,1064,1088]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ritterellidae" genus="Pharyngodictyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="313" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirabile">
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<emphasis id="B97B1077FFB0FF9FFF94FB9D1DB3FBE8" box="[93,388,1064,1088]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="313">Pharyngodictyon mirabile</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). The present species does not appear to belong to
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFB0FF9FFF94FBFD1CF6FBC8" authorityName="Renier" authorityYear="1804" box="[93,193,1096,1120]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Polycitor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="313" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97B1077FFB0FF9FFF94FBFD1CF6FBC8" box="[93,193,1096,1120]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="313">Polycitor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which has a long oesophagus, and gonads usually are clearly within the gut loop.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB0CC65FFB0FF9FFF4FFB3D1F27FAB7" blockId="10.[93,1049,107,1343]" pageId="10" pageNumber="313">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFB0FF9FFF4FFB3D1CC7FB08" authorityName="Harant" authorityYear="1931" box="[134,240,1160,1184]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ritterellidae" genus="Ritterella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="313" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97B1077FFB0FF9FFF4FFB3D1CC7FB08" box="[134,240,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="313">Ritterella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has not been recorded previously from below
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<quantity id="4CF76180FFB0FF9FFCDEFB3D1F6EFB37" box="[791,857,1160,1184]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="313" unit="m" value="460.0">460 m</quantity>
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and the present record from more than
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<quantity id="4CF76180FFB0FF9FFE41FB1D1DE0FB17" box="[392,471,1192,1216]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="313" unit="m" value="5000.0">5000 m</quantity>
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is the ®rst from the abyssal waters. The only previously known Antarctic species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFB0FF9FFDF2FB7D1E92FB48" authorityName="Harant" authorityYear="1931" box="[571,677,1224,1248]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ritterellidae" genus="Ritterella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="313" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97B1077FFB0FF9FFDF2FB7D1E92FB48" box="[571,677,1224,1248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="313">Ritterella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7E6FFB0FF9FFD24FB7C1F74FB48" box="[749,835,1225,1248]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ritterellidae" genus="Ritterella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="313" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miri">
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<emphasis id="B97B1077FFB0FF9FFD24FB7C1F74FB48" box="[749,835,1225,1248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="313">R. miri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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W
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<emphasis id="B97B1077FFB0FF9FFC9AFB7C1F5BFB48" box="[851,876,1225,1248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="313">ca</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB194FFB0FF9FFCB3FB7D1D30FAA8" author="MONNIOT, C. & MONNIOT, F." pageId="10" pageNumber="313" pagination="168" refId="ref24328" refString="MONNIOT, C. and MONNIOT, F., 1983, Ascidies antarctiques et subantarctiques: morphologie et biogeAographie, MeAmoires du MuseAum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, (A), 125, 1 ± 168." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot and Monniot, 1983</bibRefCitation>
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. It diOEers from the present species by numerous features, including number of tentacles, stomach folds, length of postabdomen.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB0CC65FFB0FF9FFF4FFA921F7AFA97" blockId="10.[93,1049,107,1343]" box="[134,845,1319,1343]" pageId="10" pageNumber="313">
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<emphasis id="B97B1077FFB0FF9FFF4FFA921CCAFA97" box="[134,253,1319,1343]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="313">Etymology</emphasis>
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. The species is named after Alexander Chetvergov.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |