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<document id="CE7E8C2C04F5C7D23DA34B1CEEF61D29" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4242.1.6SLASH10436" ID-CLB-Dataset="36315" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4242.1.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f4257b2a-a5e3-4f12-b97b-1d71cfa04683" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="376032" ID-ZooBank="A7656BE9-A81F-4104-84C5-5AB51CA10905" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1489050173485" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kazerani, Farzaneh, Khaghaninia, Samad, Talebi, Ali Asghar, Persson, Magnus &amp; Pollet, Marc" docDate="2017" docId="03A67D65FFE1A44E3BD9024EF0F7F80A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4242.1.6SLASH10436.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4242 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gymnopternus atratus Pollet, Khaghaninia &amp; Kazerani, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="122" masterDocId="FF9F051DFFE9A4453B4E071FF56CFF9F" masterDocTitle="Eight new species of Dolichopodinae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from northern Iran" masterLastPageNumber="141" masterPageNumber="111" pageNumber="119" updateTime="1698437769313" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="0EA2B2C7125D9BC6089DF756D1D44D92">Eight new species of Dolichopodinae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from northern Iran</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C47C93DEC53E35AFD4CF7A5FDA441F07">Kazerani, Farzaneh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1AE026029A635C08DD63CCC8EA34992C">Khaghaninia, Samad</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="86B04E02471B3BA6510578677397D5F7">Talebi, Ali Asghar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6A05AE994B5F9EADD505234A74982A0B">Persson, Magnus</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="9441ACA3D1C1184D23AD8CB10F4084E3" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A31AF178071D45A9D16B1F5F5EFEB571">Pollet, Marc</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7C455D509874D5AC2E021722588DD950">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6A69F4BACFBFC96549578CB9C005C64B">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03A67D65FFE1A44E3BD9024EF0F7F80A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6051461" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127721650" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6051461" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A67D65FFE1A44E3BD9024EF0F7F80A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A67D65FFE1A44E3BD9024EF0F7F80A" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
<subSubSection id="C3159FF8FFE1A44D3BD9024EF44BFA13" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB0CC73FFE1A44D3BD9024EF6CAFAF4" blockId="8.[151,934,1361,1421]" box="[151,934,1361,1387]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
<heading id="D0F87B1FFFE1A44D3BD9024EF6CAFAF4" bold="true" box="[151,934,1361,1387]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE1A44D3BD9024EF6CAFAF4" bold="true" box="[151,934,1361,1387]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7F0FFE1A44D3BD9024EF62EFAF4" ID-CoL="9HTZV" authority="Pollet, Khaghaninia &amp; Kazerani" authorityName="Pollet, Khaghaninia &amp; Kazerani" box="[151,834,1361,1387]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE1A44D3BD9024EF4C9FAF4" bold="true" box="[151,421,1361,1387]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Gymnopternus atratus</emphasis>
Pollet, Khaghaninia &amp; Kazerani
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A248AD1AFFE1A44D3806024EF6CAFAF4" box="[840,934,1361,1387]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0CC73FFE1A44D3BD9026BF44BFA13" blockId="8.[151,934,1361,1421]" box="[151,295,1396,1421]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
(
<figureCitation id="1334D0F6FFE1A44D3BD1026BF473FA13" box="[159,287,1396,1421]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 12 13" captionStart-1="FIGURE 14" captionStartId-0="10.[151,264,1850,1873]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,250,1427,1449]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,284,1821]" captionTargetBox-1="[177,1389,261,1315]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1829]" captionTargetId-1="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1406]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionText-0="FIGURES 12 13. Gymnopternus atratus sp. nov., holotype. (12) habitus; (13) hypopygium (scale 0.5 mm)." captionText-1="FIGURE 14. Gymnopternus atratus sp. nov., holotype, hypopygium (scale 0.5 mm) and hypopygial appendages (scale 0.1 mm). Abbreviations: apv lobe: apicoventral epandrial lobe, cerc: cercus, dsur: dorsal surstylar lobe, hyp: hypandrium." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/376038/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/376039/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Figs 1214</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3159FF8FFE1A44D3BD902A3F1BFF9DE" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB0CC73FFE1A44D3BD902A3F1BFF9DE" blockId="8.[151,1437,1468,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE1A44D3BD902A3F47DFA4A" bold="true" box="[151,273,1468,1493]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Male. Rather small robust dark species. Face greyish white. All postocular bristles black. Antenna entirely black with postpedicel as long as deep, triangular with rather acute apex. Wing slightly infuscate. Legs including coxae and trochanters entirely black except for extreme apex of femur IIII. Hypopygium rather robust with dark appendages; cercus black, club-shaped and relatively narrow. Distinct MSSCs lacking.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3159FF8FFE1A44E3B890153F72EFB9F" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB0CC73FFE1A44E3B890153F72EFB9F" blockId="8.[151,1437,1468,2036]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,1384]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE1A44D3B890153F4CAF9FA" bold="true" box="[199,422,1612,1637]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Description. Male.</emphasis>
Body length:
<quantity id="4CF76196FFE1A44D391E0153F7C1F9FB" box="[592,685,1612,1636]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
; wing length:
<quantity id="4CF76196FFE1A44D38190153F6DCF9FB" box="[855,944,1612,1636]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
(n=1).
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE1A44D3F440153F13DF9FA" bold="true" box="[1034,1105,1612,1637]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Head.</emphasis>
Face greyish white, slightly narrowing below antenna, at middle parallel-sided; epistoma with shallow central furrow, at clypeus 0.7 x as wide as postpedicel is long; clypeus retracted, bare. Frons dark metallic green, only slightly dusted. Occiput dark metallic green, rather convex. Palpus very small, less than 1/10 of eye, circular, black, with dark pubescence and 1 black apical bristle. Proboscis brown. Eyes red, with green reflection in frontal view, with short dense pubescence. All postocular bristles black. Three pairs of black postocellar bristles. Antenna entirely black, with postpedicel triangular, as long as deep and 1.2 x as long as scape and pedicel combined (pedicel overlapping dorsal edge of postpedicel), with rather acute apex; stylus dorsal, inserted at about apical 1/3, rather short, about 1.5 x as long as first three antennal segments combined, with microscopic pubescence.
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE1A44D38910073F152F81A" bold="true" box="[991,1086,1900,1925]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Thorax.</emphasis>
Entirely dark metallic green, pleura dusted greyish; scutellum with 2 strong median, 2 minute lateral bristles and a dense black pubescence on disk and margin. A group of 34 short setae in front of posterior spiracle. Thoracic bristles black. Six dc, with 5th dc medially off-set; about 1012 ac, biserial, reaching 6th dc, there with additional ac-sized bristles laterad of ac rows, ac about 1.5 x as long as distance between rows; 1 strong and a few minute ant pprn, 1 internal and 1 external bas pprn, 1 psut ial, 1 equal-sized sut ial, 2 npl, 2 spal, and 1 pal bristles. Upper proepisternum with a few black setae, lower proepisternum with 1 strong black bristle, with many black setae.
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE3A44F3F5F00DAF135F841" bold="true" box="[1041,1113,1989,2014]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Wing.</emphasis>
Slightly infuscate. Vein R4+5 slightly curved, M1+2 rather straight, both slightly converging towards wing apex, parallel at apex. Proximal section of M1+2 0.9 x as long as apical section. Proximal section of CuA1 1.8 x as long as apical section. CuA x ratio: 1.8. Halter white, calypteral fringe black.
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE2A44E397807FAF71AFF61" bold="true" box="[566,630,229,254]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Legs.</emphasis>
Nearly entirely blackish brown, including coxae and trochanters, except for extreme apex of femur IIII. Bristles black. Coxa III with 1 strong external bristle, inserted at about centre. Femur I with extreme apex brownish, and with 3 small pv preapical bristles; femur II with extreme apex yellowish, with 1 strong ad and 1 smaller pv preapical bristles; with one av and one pv row of short indistinct inclined bristles along entire length; femur III with extreme apex yellowish; with 1 strong ad bristle at about apical ¼, and with one row of about 6 rather erect ds bristles on basal 1/3, less than 1/3 as long as femur is deep. Tibia I with extreme basis brownish, with 1 ad bristle at basal 1/3 and ad serration of black bristles on apical 2/3, about as long as tibia is deep; with 2 ds (or pd) bristles, at basal 1/3 and 1/2, longest one
<date id="FFB1EAB3FFE2A44E387F06FDF639FE66" box="[817,853,482,506]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">2 x</date>
as long as tibia is deep. Tibia II with extreme basis brownish, with 3 strong ad and 2 strong pd bristles, between 2.5
<date id="FFB1EAB3FFE2A44E3838051AF6FBFD82" box="[886,919,517,542]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">3 x</date>
as long as tibia is deep, with basal bristle pair inserted at basal 1/5; with 1 av bristle at apical 2/5, about
<date id="FFB1EAB3FFE2A44E38640535F622FDDE" box="[810,846,554,578]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">3 x</date>
as long as tibia is deep; with 5 (4 large, 1 small) ap bristles. Tibia III blackish brown, with apical tooth on posterior face, articulating with small hook on taIII1; with 3 ad and 3 pd bristles, about 2.5
<date id="FFB1EAB3FFE2A44E3AB7056BF776FD13" box="[505,538,628,653]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">3 x</date>
as long as tibia is deep; with pd serration on less than apical 2/5, and 3 large ap bristles, incl. one preapical ad bristle; with rather distinct pd row of bristles, especially on apical 2/3; with 1 ventral bristle at apical 1/3, about
<date id="FFB1EAB3FFE2A44E3A8E05A2F48FFD4B" box="[448,483,701,725]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">2 x</date>
as long as tibia is deep. All tarsi black; taIII1 with some strong ventral bristles, about as long as taIII1 is deep; with small hook at extreme basis on posterior face. Length ratios of femur/tibia/tarsomeres
<quantity id="4CF76196FFE2A44E3BD90415F58BFCBC" box="[151,231,778,803]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" metricValueMax="12.7" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" unit="in" value="3.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.0">15 in</quantity>
leg I: 8.5/8.8/4.5/1.5/1.3/1/1.3, in leg II: 7.8/8.8/3.9/1.9/1.4/1/1.1, and in leg III: 2.9/3.4/1/1.1/-/-/- (tarsomeres
<date id="FFB1EAB3FFE2A44E3A6E0430F43DFCD5" box="[288,337,815,842]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">III3-5</date>
lacking).
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE2A44E3AF00432F757FCD9" bold="true" box="[446,571,813,838]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Abdomen.</emphasis>
With 5 pubescent tergites, T6 bare, visible, about 0.6 x as long as T5. Tergites and S2 dark metallic green, with black bristles. S3 rudimentary and S4-5 white, forming enclosure for hypopygium, with dense, black pubescence. Hypopygium rather robust, with blackish brown, straight hypandrium, parallel-sided in ventral view; apicoventral epandrial lobe (
<figureCitation id="1334D0F6FFE2A44E39D80480F785FC27" box="[662,745,927,952]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1427,1449]" captionTargetBox="[177,1389,261,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1406]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 14. Gymnopternus atratus sp. nov., holotype, hypopygium (scale 0.5 mm) and hypopygial appendages (scale 0.1 mm). Abbreviations: apv lobe: apicoventral epandrial lobe, cerc: cercus, dsur: dorsal surstylar lobe, hyp: hypandrium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/376039/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
) blackish brown with paler basis and triangular process near basis; cercus black, club-shaped and rather narrow, with apical margin nearly straight; apical and ventral margin with dark bristles.
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE2A44E3A2904F8F4AAFB9F" bold="true" box="[359,454,999,1024]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Female.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF709CFBFFE0A44C3BD900D7F168F840" box="[151,1028,1992,2015]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/376037/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" targetBox="[225,1361,213,1958]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BB0CC73FFE0A44C3BD900D7F168F840" blockId="9.[151,1028,1992,2015]" box="[151,1028,1992,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE0A44C3BD900D7F420F841" bold="true" box="[151,332,1992,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">FIGURES 1011</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7F0FFE0A44C3A1600D6F738F840" box="[344,596,1993,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Dolichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immaculatus">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE0A44C3A1600D6F738F840" box="[344,596,1993,2015]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Dolichopus immaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype. (
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE0A44C398100D6F784F841" bold="true" box="[719,744,1993,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">10</emphasis>
) habitus; (
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE0A44C381800D6F600F841" bold="true" box="[854,876,1993,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">11</emphasis>
) hypopygium.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF709CFBFFE3A44F3BD90025F18EF8CE" box="[151,1250,1850,1873]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/376038/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" targetBox="[151,1436,284,1821]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BB0CC73FFE3A44F3BD90025F18EF8CE" blockId="10.[151,1250,1850,1873]" box="[151,1250,1850,1873]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE3A44F3BD90025F421F8CF" bold="true" box="[151,333,1850,1873]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">FIGURES 1213</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7F0FFE3A44F3A140023F751F8CE" box="[346,573,1852,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE3A44F3A140023F751F8CE" box="[346,573,1852,1873]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Gymnopternus atratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A248AD1AFFE3A44F390D0024F7FFF8CF" box="[579,659,1851,1872]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE3A44F390D0024F7FFF8CF" bold="true" box="[579,659,1851,1872]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype. (
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE3A44F38400024F64BF8CF" bold="true" box="[782,807,1851,1872]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">12</emphasis>
) habitus; (
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE3A44F38DB0024F6C2F8CF" bold="true" box="[917,942,1851,1872]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">13</emphasis>
) hypopygium (scale 0.5 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3159FF8FFE2A44E3B890314F688FBD7" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB0CC73FFE2A44E3B890314F688FBD7" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1384]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
<materialsCitation id="3B67C62EFFE2A44E3B890314F688FBD7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1438485667" collectingDate="2014-06-10" collectionCode="ICHMM" collectorName="Samad Khaghaninia" country="Iran" elevation="1305" latitude="38.57033" location="Khoy" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="44.848267" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="West Azerbaijan" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE2A44E3B890314F75CFBBB" bold="true" box="[199,560,1035,1060]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
<typeStatus id="54B472D1FFE2A44E3B890314F46EFBBB" box="[199,258,1035,1060]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Type</typeStatus>
material.
<typeStatus id="54B472D1FFE2A44E3ADF0314F75CFBBB" box="[401,560,1035,1060]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D0907FAFFE2A44E390C0313F735FBBC" box="[578,601,1036,1059]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" type="male"></specimenCount>
,
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE2A44E39210314F7ACFBBB" bold="true" box="[623,704,1035,1060]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
<collectingCountry id="F3188CE3FFE2A44E39210314F7D7FBBB" box="[623,699,1035,1060]" name="Iran" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">IRAN</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49CB0291FFE2A44E399C0313F6F5FBBB" box="[722,921,1035,1060]" country="Iran" name="Azarbayjan-e Gharbi" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">West Azerbaijan</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8ED09AA8FFE2A44E38E10314F681FBBB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A67D65FFE1A44E3BD9024EF0F7F80A:8ED09AA8FFE2A44E38E10314F681FBBB" box="[943,1005,1035,1060]" country="Iran" latitude="38.57033" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="44.848267" name="Khoy" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" stateProvince="West Azerbaijan">Khoy</location>
(montane grassland),
<geoCoordinate id="EE3BAAB4FFE2A44E3E480314F0F4FBBB" box="[1286,1432,1035,1060]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" precision="1" value="38.57033">38°34.220N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE3BAAB4FFE2A44E3BD90330F449FBD7" box="[151,293,1071,1096]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" precision="1" value="44.848267">44°50.896E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="00222B40FFE2A44E3A7E0330F4EBFBD8" box="[304,391,1071,1096]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.305" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" unit="m" value="1305.0">
<quantity id="4CF76196FFE2A44E3A7E0330F4EBFBD8" box="[304,391,1071,1096]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.305" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" unit="m" value="1305.0">1305 m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<collectingDate id="EFF5135BFFE2A44E3ADD0330F761FBD7" box="[403,525,1071,1096]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" value="2014-06-10">
<date id="FFB1EAB3FFE2A44E3ADD0330F761FBD7" box="[403,525,1071,1096]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" value="2014-06-10">10.vi.2014</date>
</collectingDate>
, SW, leg.
<collectorName id="26FAA9A5FFE2A44E39310330F60DFBD7" box="[639,865,1071,1096]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Samad Khaghaninia</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED1E54B6FFE2A44E383E032FF6B5FBD7" box="[880,985,1072,1096]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">ICHMM</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3159FF8FFE2A44E3B89034CF18EFBF3" box="[199,1250,1107,1132]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB0CC73FFE2A44E3B89034CF18EFBF3" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1384]" box="[199,1250,1107,1132]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE2A44E3B89034CF49EFBF3" bold="true" box="[199,498,1107,1132]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="54B472D1FFE2A44E3962034CF7E2FBF3" box="[556,654,1107,1132]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is the only representative of this species (see above).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3159FF8FFE2A44E3B890368F1A9FB0F" box="[199,1221,1143,1168]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB0CC73FFE2A44E3B890368F1A9FB0F" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1384]" box="[199,1221,1143,1168]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE2A44E3B890368F422FB0F" bold="true" box="[199,334,1143,1168]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name “
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7F0FFE2A44E39610367F712FB10" box="[559,638,1144,1167]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE2A44E39610367F712FB10" box="[559,638,1144,1167]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">atratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” refers to the overall dark coloration of the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3159FF8FFE2A44E3B890384F5B0FA2F" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB0CC73FFE2A44E3B890384F7E7FAF7" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1384]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE2A44E3B890384F457FB2B" bold="true" box="[199,315,1179,1204]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Remarks.</emphasis>
Only two of the 10 European
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7F0FFE2A44E39D40383F653FB2C" box="[666,831,1180,1203]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE2A44E39D40383F653FB2C" box="[666,831,1180,1203]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Gymnopternus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB182FFE2A44E38E60384F143FB2B" author="Pollet" box="[936,1071,1179,1204]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" refString="Pollet, M. (1990) Phenetic and ecological relationships between species of the subgenus Hercostomus (Gymnopternus) in western Europe with the description of two new species (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Systematic Entomology, 15 (3), 359 - 382." type="journal article" year="1990">Pollet 1990</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB182FFE2A44E3F720384F03BFB2B" author="Pollet" box="[1084,1367,1179,1204]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" refString="Pollet, M. &amp; Rampazzi, F. (2003) Gymnopternus helveticus, a new dolichopodid species from Switzerland (Diptera, Dolichopodidae). Studia dipterologica, 10 (2), 549 - 557." type="journal article" year="2003">Pollet &amp; Rampazzi 2003</bibRefCitation>
) have black femora, namely
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7F0FFE2A44E3ADD03DFF7DCFB47" authority="Fallen, 1823" authorityName="Fallen" authorityYear="1823" box="[403,688,1215,1240]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cupreus">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE2A44E3ADD03DFF765FB48" box="[403,521,1216,1239]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">G. cupreus</emphasis>
(Fallén, 1823)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7F0FFE2A44E39A603DFF6FEFB47" box="[744,914,1216,1240]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustifrons">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE2A44E39A603DFF6FEFB47" box="[744,914,1216,1240]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">G. angustifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the key by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB182FFE2A44E3F7203A0F1BEFB47" author="Pollet" box="[1084,1234,1215,1240]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" refString="Pollet, M. (1990) Phenetic and ecological relationships between species of the subgenus Hercostomus (Gymnopternus) in western Europe with the description of two new species (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Systematic Entomology, 15 (3), 359 - 382." type="journal article" year="1990">Pollet (1990)</bibRefCitation>
, both
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7F0FFE2A44E3E5603DFF766FB63" authority="Pollet, Khaghaninia &amp; Kazerani" authorityName="Pollet, Khaghaninia &amp; Kazerani" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavitibia" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE2A44E3E5603DFF0F0FB47" box="[1304,1436,1215,1240]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">G. flavitibia</emphasis>
Pollet, Khaghaninia &amp; Kazerani
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A248AD1AFFE2A44E395B03FCF71EFB63" box="[533,626,1251,1276]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE2A44E395B03FCF71EFB63" bold="true" box="[533,626,1251,1276]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7F0FFE2A44E39FE03FBF673FB63" box="[688,799,1252,1276]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE2A44E39FE03FBF673FB63" box="[688,799,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">G. atratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A248AD1AFFE2A44E386303FCF6E7FB63" box="[813,907,1251,1276]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE2A44E386303FCF6E7FB63" bold="true" box="[813,907,1251,1276]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
would run to
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7F0FFE2A44E3F7903FBF189FB63" box="[1079,1253,1252,1276]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustifrons">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE2A44E3F7903FBF189FB63" box="[1079,1253,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">G. angustifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, an equal-sized species with the same coloration as
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7F0FFE2A44E39610217F7D8FABF" box="[559,692,1287,1312]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavitibia">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE2A44E39610217F7D8FABF" box="[559,692,1287,1312]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">G. flavitibia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The three species can be separated as follows (none of the other dark-legged Palaearctic and Chinese
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7F0FFE2A44E39760233F7B1FADC" box="[568,733,1324,1347]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE2A44E39760233F7B1FADC" box="[568,733,1324,1347]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Gymnopternus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species proved conspecific to either of the new species, based on the shape of the hypopygial appendages):
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0CC73FFE2A44E3BD90288F5B0FA2F" blockId="11.[151,1436,1431,1781]" box="[151,220,1431,1456]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Males</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3159FF8FFE2A44E3BD902A4F0F7F80A" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" type="key">
<key id="FF9E9B42FFE2A44E3BD902A4F0F7F96A" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
<keyStep id="30FBD4D6FFE2A44E3BD902A4F0F0F994" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
<paragraph id="8BB0CC73FFE2A44E3BD902A4F0F0FA72" blockId="11.[151,1436,1431,1781]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
<keyLead id="30FE6F46FFE2A44E3BD902A4F0F0FA72" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
1 Legs (
<figureCitation id="1334D0F6FFE2A44E3A5302A4F40EFA4F" box="[285,354,1467,1488]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 13" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1850,1873]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,284,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1829]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 12 13. Gymnopternus atratus sp. nov., holotype. (12) habitus; (13) hypopygium (scale 0.5 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/376038/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
) entirely black. Cercus (
<figureCitation id="1334D0F6FFE2A44E390002A4F7FFFA4F" box="[590,659,1467,1488]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 13" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1850,1873]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,284,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1829]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 12 13. Gymnopternus atratus sp. nov., holotype. (12) habitus; (13) hypopygium (scale 0.5 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/376038/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
) entirely black, rather narrow, about 1.5x as long as wide at middle...........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7F0FFE2A44E3FE002C7F066FA72" ID-CoL="9HTZV" box="[1198,1290,1496,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE2A44E3FE002C7F066FA72" box="[1198,1290,1496,1517]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">G. atratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A248AD1AFFE2A44E3E5D02C7F033FA71" box="[1299,1375,1496,1518]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE2A44E3E5D02C7F033FA71" bold="true" box="[1299,1375,1496,1518]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<collectingCountry id="F3188CE3FFE2A44E3E2202C7F0F9FA72" box="[1388,1429,1496,1517]" name="Iran" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Iran</collectingCountry>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0CC73FFE2A44E3BD902E9F0F0F994" blockId="11.[151,1436,1431,1781]" box="[151,1436,1526,1547]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
<keyLead id="30FE6F46FFE2A44E3BD902E9F0F0F994" box="[151,1436,1526,1547]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">- Tibia I and II nearly entirely yellow, tibia III distinctly infuscate at apex. Cercus wider, about as long as deep........... 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30FBD4D6FFE2A44E3BD9010CF0F7F96A" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
<paragraph id="8BB0CC73FFE2A44E3BD9010CF0F0F91F" blockId="11.[151,1436,1431,1781]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
<keyLead id="30FE6F46FFE2A44E3BD9010CF0F0F91F" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
2 Postpedicel subcircular. All tibiae (
<figureCitation id="1334D0F6FFE2A44E3972010CF7E8F9B7" box="[572,644,1555,1576]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 17" captionStartId="14.[151,264,2006,2029]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,663,1981]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,663,1985]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 15 17. Gymnopternus flavitibia sp. nov., male. (15) habitus: (16) antenna: (17) hypopygium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/376040/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
) with extreme base distinctly infuscate. Hypopygium (
<figureCitation id="1334D0F6FFE2A44E3FE8010CF183F9B7" box="[1190,1263,1555,1576]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 17" captionStartId="14.[151,264,2006,2029]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,663,1981]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,663,1985]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 15 17. Gymnopternus flavitibia sp. nov., male. (15) habitus: (16) antenna: (17) hypopygium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/376040/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
) larger and more robust, ovoid. Hypandrium (
<figureCitation id="1334D0F6FFE2A44E3AB6012FF753F9DA" box="[504,575,1584,1605]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 19" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1793,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,193,1715]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1772]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 18 19. Gymnopternus flavitibia sp. nov., male: (18) hypopygial appendages (scale 0.1 mm). Gymnopternus angustifrons: (19) hypopygial appendages (scale 0.1 mm). Abbreviations: apv lobe: apicoventral epandrial lobe, cerc: cercus, dsur: dorsal surstylar lobe, hyp: hypandrium, vsur: ventral surstylar lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/376041/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
) longer, slightly tapering and truncated at apex in ventral view. Apicoventral epandrial lobe stouter, dark brown with white basis, and short, more abrupt apical bend. Cercus black, club-shaped, with distinct apical indentation............................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7F0FFE2A44E3F6D0174F060F91F" ID-CoL="9HZJF" box="[1059,1292,1643,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavitibia" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE2A44E3F6D0174F060F91F" box="[1059,1292,1643,1664]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Gymnopternus flavitibia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A248AD1AFFE2A44E3E5D0175F033F91F" box="[1299,1375,1642,1664]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE2A44E3E5D0175F033F91F" bold="true" box="[1299,1375,1642,1664]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<collectingCountry id="F3188CE3FFE2A44E3E220174F0F9F91F" box="[1388,1429,1643,1664]" name="Iran" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Iran</collectingCountry>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0CC73FFE2A44E3BD90197F0F7F96A" blockId="11.[151,1436,1431,1781]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
<keyLead id="30FE6F46FFE2A44E3BD90197F0F7F96A" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
- Postpedicel ovoid. Tibiae with pale base, at most slightly infuscate in tibia III. Hypopygium smaller, with epandrium rather quadrate. Hypandrium (
<figureCitation id="1334D0F6FFE2A44E3A8701B9F77DF924" box="[457,529,1702,1723]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 19" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1793,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,193,1715]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1772]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 18 19. Gymnopternus flavitibia sp. nov., male: (18) hypopygial appendages (scale 0.1 mm). Gymnopternus angustifrons: (19) hypopygial appendages (scale 0.1 mm). Abbreviations: apv lobe: apicoventral epandrial lobe, cerc: cercus, dsur: dorsal surstylar lobe, hyp: hypandrium, vsur: ventral surstylar lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/376041/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
) rather short, tapering towards apex in ventral view. Apicoventral epandrial lobe rather long and slender, brownish yellow with white basis, bending gently at apex. Cercus dark brown, roundish club-shaped, with hardly any indentation in apical margin...........
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7F0FFE2A44E39E001FFF6D5F96A" box="[686,953,1760,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustifrons">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE2A44E39E001FFF6D5F96A" box="[686,953,1760,1781]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Gymnopternus angustifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Palaearctic, incl. eastern
<collectingCountry id="F3188CE3FFE2A44E3FFB01FFF199F96A" box="[1205,1269,1760,1781]" name="Russia" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Russia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3188CE3FFE2A44E3E6A01FFF0FAF96A" box="[1316,1430,1760,1781]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
<paragraph id="8BB0CC73FFE2A44E3BD9003DF599F8A4" blockId="11.[151,1436,1826,1941]" box="[151,245,1826,1851]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Females</paragraph>
<key id="FF9E9B42FFE2A44E3BD90059F0F7F80A" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
<keyStep id="30FBD4D6FFE2A44E3BD90059F0F7F80A" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
<paragraph id="8BB0CC73FFE2A44E3BD90059F0F0F8C4" blockId="11.[151,1436,1826,1941]" box="[151,1436,1861,1883]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
<keyLead id="30FE6F46FFE2A44E3BD90059F0F0F8C4" box="[151,1436,1861,1883]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
1 Clypeus entirely bare. All tibiae with extreme base distinctly infuscate............
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7F0FFE2A44E3F6D0059F060F8C4" ID-CoL="9HZJF" box="[1059,1292,1862,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavitibia" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE2A44E3F6D0059F060F8C4" box="[1059,1292,1862,1883]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Gymnopternus flavitibia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A248AD1AFFE2A44E3E5D005AF033F8C4" box="[1299,1375,1861,1883]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE2A44E3E5D005AF033F8C4" bold="true" box="[1299,1375,1861,1883]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<collectingCountry id="F3188CE3FFE2A44E3E220059F0F9F8C4" box="[1388,1429,1862,1883]" name="Iran" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Iran</collectingCountry>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0CC73FFE2A44E3BD9007CF0F7F80A" blockId="11.[151,1436,1826,1941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
<keyLead id="30FE6F46FFE2A44E3BD9007CF0F7F80A" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
- Clypeus with dense black pubescence. Tibiae with pale bases, at most slightly infuscate in tibiae III..............................................
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB7F0FFE2A44E3958009FF6D5F80A" authority="Staeger, 1842" authorityName="Staeger" authorityYear="1842" box="[534,953,1920,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Gymnopternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustifrons">
<emphasis id="B97B1061FFE2A44E3958009FF64CF80A" box="[534,800,1920,1941]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Gymnopternus angustifrons</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB182FFE2A44E3863009FF6DEF80A" author="Staeger" box="[813,946,1920,1941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" refString="Staeger, C. (1842) Danska Dolichopoder. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, 4, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1842">Staeger, 1842</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(Palaearctic, incl. eastern
<collectingCountry id="F3188CE3FFE2A44E3FFB009FF199F80A" box="[1205,1269,1920,1941]" name="Russia" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Russia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3188CE3FFE2A44E3E6A009FF0FAF80A" box="[1316,1430,1920,1941]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>