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<document id="72AF026CCA07256CC055C89CF39F3632" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.193420" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dd7f086e-6df6-4c73-a338-837cee1ab9e2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="193420" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460141558297" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mutafchiev, Yasen, Halajian, Ali &amp; Georgiev, Boyko B." docDate="2010" docId="03A587D4FF84295C9187095C0E76F85B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02349p020.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2349" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cosmocephalus podicipis Mutafchiev, Halajian &amp; Georgiev, 2010, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FF9CFFACFF85295A91100C3B0C06FF96" masterDocTitle="Two new nematode species of the genus Cosmocephalus Molin, 1858 (Spirurida: Acuariidae), with an amended generic diagnosis and an identification key to Cosmocephalus spp." masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698235367677" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="A7BBFA89C95657842F877DB9E8EF48A4" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="4B32A2CA5FF768BB1BD8EF094811DEC7">
<mods:title id="328DFB0D5C40574CA05C64338CE30989">Two new nematode species of the genus Cosmocephalus Molin, 1858 (Spirurida: Acuariidae), with an amended generic diagnosis and an identification key to Cosmocephalus spp.</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="72AF5F1E89A70F71C3FCECDC060A5434" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D0237B4471B1FE9FE04B07F6B8D735C2">
<mods:roleTerm id="53B3EC21D5EB00C44F7FC244F3114576">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="90455EB22C5725BCA20C5BF5C08D311F">Mutafchiev, Yasen</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="28020D7C6AF7AF57719AD1A37202396B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="0836484A9A5C928C244D3909018A4716">
<mods:roleTerm id="A4704BF6FA6FB8CA989DBE38689F8202">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="32D11022FFCB387BBF34323BEAAAB15F">Halajian, Ali</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="8C8CD8EA1368BE249D94884BEE579288" type="personal">
<mods:role id="DF064AE5C96A69BE1172531A3F59C235">
<mods:roleTerm id="CB2378013759762CF20B4FDE793ECA1D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E9A1DC122D0B1AF4D9EA5108EB8C633E">Georgiev, Boyko B.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="EC95882A570A3A99F8D866E57E3F034D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="BF6ACBF8BC4D9A32CAEFF894FD675A16" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="17F984E09C6F913277099BFFB97B79CA">
<mods:title id="E496DA7A6ED95A6DE410DFD6999A037A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="E42298ACA67971CC49D7E6B193E1D74C">
<mods:date id="7E928794E905B44E1F82A6D0FF73761C">2010</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="A56919EC9BDA4A2ECEB8DE2B5AF87898" type="volume">
<mods:number id="1D198AA703FBBD6580104ECCF19D3E18">2349</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="11530AE4B9C200D4AA7EA38C3FDE3BA6" unit="page">
<mods:start id="3FA6F187DC4796C4CCAD71CA18A12211">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="550CF6094389779FDC9028AB527867EE">20</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="5436604EEBE1D3FA869262E93408A2EA">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="FBB5BF9AF8514F614B31FC64EDDD81D4" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.193420</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2C5E2AF1F4A9DB76E6F080D52F44272D" type="GBIF-Dataset">dd7f086e-6df6-4c73-a338-837cee1ab9e2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="417E4576739EED5235E0056D4AE91A43" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="25B7419CC0526149F13A433D6F41030F" type="Zenodo-Dep">193420</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03A587D4FF84295C9187095C0E76F85B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6208267" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119383162" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6208267" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A587D4FF84295C9187095C0E76F85B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A587D4FF84295C9187095C0E76F85B" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<subSubSection id="C3166549FF84295B9187095C0E14FA17" box="[151,530,1383,1409]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB336C2FF84295B9187095C0E14FA17" blockId="1.[151,530,1383,1409]" box="[151,530,1383,1409]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="D0FB81AEFF84295B9187095C0E14FA17" bold="true" box="[151,530,1383,1409]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF84295B9187095C0E14FA17" bold="true" box="[151,530,1383,1409]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF84295B9187095C0DCEFA17" box="[151,456,1383,1409]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="podicipis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF84295B9187095C0DCEFA17" bold="true" box="[151,456,1383,1409]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Cosmocephalus podicipis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B57ABFF84295B90DF095C0E14FA17" box="[463,530,1383,1409]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3166549FF84295B9187098B0950F9A9" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB336C2FF84295B9187098B08D4FA5D" blockId="1.[151,1437,1456,2024]" box="[151,1234,1456,1483]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF84295B9187098B0D1FFA5C" bold="true" box="[151,281,1456,1482]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<typeStatus id="54B78860FF84295B9187098B0CD2FA5C" box="[151,212,1456,1482]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Type</typeStatus>
host:
</emphasis>
Great Crested Grebe,
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF84295B9330098A0EFEFA5C" box="[544,760,1457,1482]" class="Aves" family="Podicipedidae" genus="Podiceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podicipediformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatus">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF84295B9330098A0EFEFA5C" box="[544,760,1457,1482]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Podiceps cristatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) (
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF84295B922B098A0809FA5D" box="[827,1039,1457,1483]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podicipediformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Podicipediformes</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF84295B950A098A08C0FA5D" box="[1050,1222,1457,1483]" class="Aves" family="Podicipedidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podicipediformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Podicipedidae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336C2FF84295B91D509EC0FA3FA64" blockId="1.[151,1437,1456,2024]" box="[197,933,1495,1522]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF84295B91D509EC0D52FA67" bold="true" box="[197,340,1495,1521]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Other host:</emphasis>
Black-necked Grebe,
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF84295B934B09E30FA3FA64" authority="Brehm." authorityName="Brehm." box="[603,933,1496,1522]" class="Aves" family="Podicipedidae" genus="Podiceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podicipediformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricollis">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF84295B934B09E30F40FA67" box="[603,838,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Podiceps nigricollis</emphasis>
Brehm.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336C2FF84295B91D509C50927F98E" blockId="1.[151,1437,1456,2024]" box="[197,1313,1534,1560]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF84295B91D509C50D68F98E" bold="true" box="[197,366,1534,1560]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<typeStatus id="54B78860FF84295B91D509C50D05F98E" box="[197,259,1534,1560]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
vicinity of the town of Ramsar (36°55’N, 50°40’E), Mazandaran Province,
<collectingCountry id="F31B7652FF84295B95FB09C50918F98E" box="[1259,1310,1534,1560]" name="Iran" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336C2FF84295B91D50A1E0950F9A9" blockId="1.[151,1437,1456,2024]" box="[197,1366,1573,1599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF84295B91D50A1E0D7AF9A9" bold="true" box="[197,380,1573,1599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Other locality:</emphasis>
Durankulak Lake (43°40´N, 28°33´E), Dobrich Region, Bulgarian Black Sea coast.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3166549FF84295B91D50A700FDAF80D" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB336C2FF84295B91D50A700D9AF9F0" blockId="1.[151,1437,1456,2024]" box="[197,412,1611,1638]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF84295B91D50A700CFBF9F3" bold="true" box="[197,253,1611,1637]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Site:</emphasis>
Oesophagus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336C2FF84295B91D50A490DEDF94C" blockId="1.[151,1437,1456,2024]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF84295B91D50A490DD1F91A" bold="true" box="[197,471,1650,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Intensity of infection:</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD4BFF84295B90F00A490E37F91A" box="[480,561,1650,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD4BFF84295B937C0A490EE6F91A" box="[620,736,1650,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF84295B92180A480F8BF91A" box="[776,909,1651,1676]" class="Aves" family="Podicipedidae" genus="Podiceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podicipediformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatus">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF84295B92180A480F8BF91A" box="[776,909,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">P. cristatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected on
<date id="FFB21002FF84295B953F0A490903F91A" box="[1071,1285,1650,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2008-02-18">18 February 2008</date>
and
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD4BFF84295B94500A49099AF91A" box="[1344,1436,1650,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="male">7 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD4BFF84295B91DA0AA20D39F925" box="[202,319,1689,1715]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF84295B90770AA20DEBF924" box="[359,493,1689,1714]" class="Aves" family="Podicipedidae" genus="Podiceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podicipediformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatus">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF84295B90770AA20DEBF924" box="[359,493,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">P. cristatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected on
<date id="FFB21002FF84295B93810AA20F4CF925" box="[657,842,1689,1715]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2009-01-05">5 January 2009</date>
from
<collectingCountry id="F31B7652FF84295B92850AA20FCFF925" box="[917,969,1689,1715]" name="Iran" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Iran</collectingCountry>
;
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD4BFF84295B92C60AA20821F925" box="[982,1063,1689,1715]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF84295B955F0AA208ECF924" box="[1103,1258,1689,1714]" class="Aves" family="Podicipedidae" genus="Podiceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podicipediformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricollis">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF84295B955F0AA208ECF924" box="[1103,1258,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">P. nigricollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected on
<date id="FFB21002FF84295B949D0AA20D31F94C" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="1989-10-09">9 October 1989</date>
from
<collectingCountry id="F31B7652FF84295B906F0AFB0DEEF94C" box="[383,488,1728,1754]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336C2FF84295B91D50ADD0947F8D8" blockId="1.[151,1437,1456,2024]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF84295B91D50ADD0D8DF896" bold="true" box="[197,395,1766,1792]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Type-material:</emphasis>
From
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF84295B90F00ADC0E6BF896" box="[480,621,1767,1792]" class="Aves" family="Podicipedidae" genus="Podiceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podicipediformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatus">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF84295B90F00ADC0E6BF896" box="[480,621,1767,1792]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">P. cristatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<typeStatus id="54B78860FF84295B936F0ADD0EFEF896" box="[639,760,1766,1792]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: ZMB Vermes Entozoa 7459 (male).
<typeStatus id="54B78860FF84295B95DF0ADD0948F896" box="[1231,1358,1766,1792]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: ZMB Vermes Entozoa 7460 (
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD4BFF84295B90A20B360E07F8B1" box="[434,513,1805,1831]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD4BFF84295B932C0B360EAFF8B1" box="[572,681,1805,1831]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
); BMNH 2009.11.6.1
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF84295B92BC0B350FBFF8B0" bold="true" box="[940,953,1806,1830]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">–</emphasis>
2 (
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD4BFF84295B92CD0B36082AF8B1" box="[989,1068,1805,1831]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD4BFF84295B95770B3608D2F8B1" box="[1127,1236,1805,1831]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
); AHC 45437 (
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD4BFF84295B949F0B360CD6F8D8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD4BFF84295B90190B0F0D72F8D8" box="[265,372,1844,1870]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
); CLGE-BAS
<geoCoordinate id="EE385005FF84295B930E0B0F0E94F8D8" box="[542,658,1844,1870]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="55" value="0.461">N000.461</geoCoordinate>
(
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD4BFF84295B93B60B0F0EFEF8D8" box="[678,760,1844,1870]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
); in the collection of AH (
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD4BFF84295B953B0B0F0883F8D8" box="[1067,1157,1844,1870]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD4BFF84295B95AE0B0F0933F8D8" box="[1214,1333,1844,1870]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336C2FF84295B91D50B610FA4F8E2" blockId="1.[151,1437,1456,2024]" box="[197,930,1882,1908]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
From
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF84295B901C0B600DA6F8E2" box="[268,416,1883,1908]" class="Aves" family="Podicipedidae" genus="Podiceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podicipediformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricollis">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF84295B901C0B600DA6F8E2" box="[268,416,1883,1908]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">P. nigricollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<typeStatus id="54B78860FF84295B90A00B610E1DF8E2" box="[432,539,1882,1908]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
: (
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD4BFF84295B93220B610E87F8E2" box="[562,641,1882,1908]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
) CLGE-BAS
<geoCoordinate id="EE385005FF84295B92360B610F98F8E2" box="[806,926,1882,1908]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="55" value="0.661">N000.661</geoCoordinate>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336C2FF84295B91D50BBB0FDAF80D" blockId="1.[151,1437,1456,2024]" box="[197,988,1920,1947]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF84295B91D50BBB0D31F80C" bold="true" box="[197,311,1920,1946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Voucher:</emphasis>
CLGE-BAS
<geoCoordinate id="EE385005FF84295B90C50BBA0E4FF80D" box="[469,585,1921,1947]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="55" value="1.067">N001.067</geoCoordinate>
(
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD4BFF84295B934C0BBA0EAFF80D" box="[604,681,1921,1947]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD4BFF84295B93F20BBA0F4AF80D" box="[738,844,1921,1947]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
), SEM stub.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3166549FF84295B91D50B9C0935F854" box="[197,1331,1959,1986]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB336C2FF84295B91D50B9C0935F854" blockId="1.[151,1437,1456,2024]" box="[197,1331,1959,1986]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF84295B91D50B9C0D50F857" bold="true" box="[197,342,1959,1985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Etymology:</emphasis>
The name of the new species reflects the generic name of its definitive host species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3166549FF84295E91D50BF50938FB58" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB336C2FF84295B91D50BF50E9CF87E" blockId="1.[151,1437,1456,2024]" box="[197,666,1998,2024]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF84295B91D50BF50D50F87E" bold="true" box="[197,342,1998,2024]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Description</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13372A47FF84295B90750BF50DEAF87E" box="[357,492,1998,2024]" captionStart="FIGURE 1 A – G" captionStartId="2.[151,256,1540,1564]" captionTargetBox="[260,1314,221,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[238,1349,197,1515]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1 A – G. Cosmocephalus podicipis n. sp. A. Anterior end, female, lateral view; B. Anterior end, male, lateral view; C. Vagina, lateral view; D. Posterior end, male, lateral view; E. Caudal end, female, lateral view; F. Egg; G. Right spicule, dextral view. Scale bars: A – E, G = 100 μm; F = 25 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193421/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs 1A–G</figureCitation>
; 2A–G; 3A–F)
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF73664AFF87295891870A3F0F39F9F6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193421/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" targetBox="[260,1314,221,1476]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BB336C2FF87295891870A3F0F39F9F6" blockId="2.[151,1436,1540,1634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF87295891870A3F0D53F98A" bold="true" box="[151,341,1540,1564]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">FIGURE 1 A–G.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF872958904C0A3E0E77F98A" box="[348,625,1541,1564]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="podicipis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF872958904C0A3E0E77F98A" box="[348,625,1541,1564]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Cosmocephalus podicipis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF87295893690A3F0EB0F98A" bold="true" box="[633,694,1540,1564]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B57ABFF87295893690A3F0EB0F98A" box="[633,694,1540,1564]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A. Anterior end, female, lateral view; B. Anterior end, male, lateral view; C. Vagina, lateral view; D. Posterior end, male, lateral view; E. Caudal end, female, lateral view; F. Egg; G. Right spicule, dextral view. Scale bars: A
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF872958931E0A710E1DF9F4" bold="true" box="[526,539,1610,1634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">–</emphasis>
E, G = 100 μm; F = 25 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB336C2FF87295991D50AAB08B2FEB0" blockId="2.[151,1437,1679,2015]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,152,294]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF87295891D50AAB0D2FF93F" box="[197,297,1680,1705]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">General</emphasis>
. Medium-sized acuariids. Anterior end with two triangular pseudolabia, each bearing single amphid and pair of prominent papillae (
<figureCitation id="13372A47FF872958937C0A8D0EEAF946" box="[620,748,1718,1744]" captionStart="FIGURE 2 A – G" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1634,1658]" captionTargetBox="[182,1402,359,1600]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[173,1413,351,1609]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2 A – G. Cosmocephalus podicipis n. sp., female, SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view; note deirid (arrow); B. Pseudolabium, lateral view; note cephalic papillae (arrowheads), amphid (arrow), cuticular swellings dorsally and ventrally at the bases of the pseudolabia (asterisks); C. Anterior end, apical view; note cephalic papillae (arrowheads), amphids (arrows), cuticular swellings dorsally and ventrally at the bases of the pseudolabia (asterisks); D. Lateral alae; note deirids (arrowheads) and excretory pore (arrow); E. Cuticular plates, detail from the middle part of the descending arm of a cordon; F. Deirid; G. Postdeirid. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B, C, E – G = 10 μm; D = 50 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193422/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2B, C</figureCitation>
). Pair of swellings situated dorsally and ventrally between bases of pseudolabia (
<figureCitation id="13372A47FF87295890B20AE60E21F961" box="[418,551,1757,1783]" captionStart="FIGURE 2 A – G" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1634,1658]" captionTargetBox="[182,1402,359,1600]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[173,1413,351,1609]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2 A – G. Cosmocephalus podicipis n. sp., female, SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view; note deirid (arrow); B. Pseudolabium, lateral view; note cephalic papillae (arrowheads), amphid (arrow), cuticular swellings dorsally and ventrally at the bases of the pseudolabia (asterisks); C. Anterior end, apical view; note cephalic papillae (arrowheads), amphids (arrows), cuticular swellings dorsally and ventrally at the bases of the pseudolabia (asterisks); D. Lateral alae; note deirids (arrowheads) and excretory pore (arrow); E. Cuticular plates, detail from the middle part of the descending arm of a cordon; F. Deirid; G. Postdeirid. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B, C, E – G = 10 μm; D = 50 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193422/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2B, C</figureCitation>
). Cordons arise dorsally and ventrally between pseudolabia; each cordon forming loop adjacent to its base and then continuing its course along longitudinal body axis; at level of posterior end of buccal cavity, cordons recurrent in anterior direction and reach level of anterior quarter of buccal cavity where they anastomose laterally (
<figureCitation id="13372A47FF87295893F80B6A0F73F8FD" box="[744,885,1873,1899]" captionStart="FIGURE 1 A – G" captionStartId="2.[151,256,1540,1564]" captionTargetBox="[260,1314,221,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[238,1349,197,1515]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1 A – G. Cosmocephalus podicipis n. sp. A. Anterior end, female, lateral view; B. Anterior end, male, lateral view; C. Vagina, lateral view; D. Posterior end, male, lateral view; E. Caudal end, female, lateral view; F. Egg; G. Right spicule, dextral view. Scale bars: A – E, G = 100 μm; F = 25 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193421/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 1A, B</figureCitation>
; 2A). Cordons consisting of a single row of cuticular plates (each plate c. 1.5 µm long) and longitudinal cuticular ridge along outer rims of plates; deep, almost closed longitudinal groove between plates and longitudinal ridge. Plates of descending cordon arm of unequal width, thus forming scalloped appearance (
<figureCitation id="13372A47FF87295892130BFE0F8DF849" box="[771,907,1989,2015]" captionStart="FIGURE 1 A – G" captionStartId="2.[151,256,1540,1564]" captionTargetBox="[260,1314,221,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[238,1349,197,1515]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1 A – G. Cosmocephalus podicipis n. sp. A. Anterior end, female, lateral view; B. Anterior end, male, lateral view; C. Vagina, lateral view; D. Posterior end, male, lateral view; E. Caudal end, female, lateral view; F. Egg; G. Right spicule, dextral view. Scale bars: A – E, G = 100 μm; F = 25 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193421/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 1A, B</figureCitation>
; 2E). Deirids 18–30 long, bicuspid, situated behind cordons (
<figureCitation id="13372A47FF862959907B0CA30E1DFF24" box="[363,539,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 2 A – G" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1634,1658]" captionTargetBox="[182,1402,359,1600]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[173,1413,351,1609]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2 A – G. Cosmocephalus podicipis n. sp., female, SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view; note deirid (arrow); B. Pseudolabium, lateral view; note cephalic papillae (arrowheads), amphid (arrow), cuticular swellings dorsally and ventrally at the bases of the pseudolabia (asterisks); C. Anterior end, apical view; note cephalic papillae (arrowheads), amphids (arrows), cuticular swellings dorsally and ventrally at the bases of the pseudolabia (asterisks); D. Lateral alae; note deirids (arrowheads) and excretory pore (arrow); E. Cuticular plates, detail from the middle part of the descending arm of a cordon; F. Deirid; G. Postdeirid. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B, C, E – G = 10 μm; D = 50 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193422/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2A, D, F</figureCitation>
). Postdeirids, c. 5 long, with bifurcate tip (
<figureCitation id="13372A47FF86295995500CA308A1FF24" box="[1088,1191,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 2 A – G" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1634,1658]" captionTargetBox="[182,1402,359,1600]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[173,1413,351,1609]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2 A – G. Cosmocephalus podicipis n. sp., female, SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view; note deirid (arrow); B. Pseudolabium, lateral view; note cephalic papillae (arrowheads), amphid (arrow), cuticular swellings dorsally and ventrally at the bases of the pseudolabia (asterisks); C. Anterior end, apical view; note cephalic papillae (arrowheads), amphids (arrows), cuticular swellings dorsally and ventrally at the bases of the pseudolabia (asterisks); D. Lateral alae; note deirids (arrowheads) and excretory pore (arrow); E. Cuticular plates, detail from the middle part of the descending arm of a cordon; F. Deirid; G. Postdeirid. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B, C, E – G = 10 μm; D = 50 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193422/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
). Lateral alae welldeveloped, extending from level just posterior of deirids to level about middle of body (
<figureCitation id="13372A47FF86295995DF0C850934FF4E" box="[1231,1330,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 2 A – G" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1634,1658]" captionTargetBox="[182,1402,359,1600]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[173,1413,351,1609]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2 A – G. Cosmocephalus podicipis n. sp., female, SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view; note deirid (arrow); B. Pseudolabium, lateral view; note cephalic papillae (arrowheads), amphid (arrow), cuticular swellings dorsally and ventrally at the bases of the pseudolabia (asterisks); C. Anterior end, apical view; note cephalic papillae (arrowheads), amphids (arrows), cuticular swellings dorsally and ventrally at the bases of the pseudolabia (asterisks); D. Lateral alae; note deirids (arrowheads) and excretory pore (arrow); E. Cuticular plates, detail from the middle part of the descending arm of a cordon; F. Deirid; G. Postdeirid. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B, C, E – G = 10 μm; D = 50 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193422/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
). Buccal cavity elongate (
<figureCitation id="13372A47FF86295990740CDE0DEDFF69" box="[356,491,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURE 1 A – G" captionStartId="2.[151,256,1540,1564]" captionTargetBox="[260,1314,221,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[238,1349,197,1515]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1 A – G. Cosmocephalus podicipis n. sp. A. Anterior end, female, lateral view; B. Anterior end, male, lateral view; C. Vagina, lateral view; D. Posterior end, male, lateral view; E. Caudal end, female, lateral view; F. Egg; G. Right spicule, dextral view. Scale bars: A – E, G = 100 μm; F = 25 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193421/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1A, B</figureCitation>
). Excretory pore situated posteriorly to deirids (
<figureCitation id="13372A47FF862959952E0CDE08CCFF69" box="[1086,1226,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURE 1 A – G" captionStartId="2.[151,256,1540,1564]" captionTargetBox="[260,1314,221,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[238,1349,197,1515]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1 A – G. Cosmocephalus podicipis n. sp. A. Anterior end, female, lateral view; B. Anterior end, male, lateral view; C. Vagina, lateral view; D. Posterior end, male, lateral view; E. Caudal end, female, lateral view; F. Egg; G. Right spicule, dextral view. Scale bars: A – E, G = 100 μm; F = 25 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193421/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 1A, B</figureCitation>
; 2D). Nerve ring surrounding anterior portion of muscular oesophagus. Phasmids subterminal (
<figureCitation id="13372A47FF86295995360D3708A0FEB0" box="[1062,1190,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURE 3 A – F" captionStartId="6.[151,259,1414,1438]" captionTargetBox="[184,1403,206,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[175,1411,197,1389]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3 A – F. Cosmocephalus podicipis n. sp. A. Vulva; B. Posterior end, female; note nipple-like projection (arrowhead) and, phasmid (arrow); C. Posterior end, male, ventral view. D. Posterior end of male; ventral view; note sessile papillae (white arrowheads), pedunculate papillae (arrows) and phasmids (black arrowheads). E. Precloacal region of tail, ventral view; note papillae (arrowheads) and ventral cuticular ridge (arrow). F. Distal end of left spicule. Scale bars: A, B, F = 10 μm; C, E = 50 μm; D = 20 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193423/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3B, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF73664AFF86295991870A5908B3F8B0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193422/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[182,1402,359,1600]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BB336C2FF86295991870A5908B3F8B0" blockId="3.[151,1436,1634,1832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF86295991870A590D53F9EC" bold="true" box="[151,341,1634,1658]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURE 2 A–G.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF862959904C0A580E77F9EC" box="[348,625,1635,1658]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="podicipis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF862959904C0A580E77F9EC" box="[348,625,1635,1658]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cosmocephalus podicipis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF86295993680A590EB3F9EC" bold="true" box="[632,693,1634,1658]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B57ABFF86295993680A590EB3F9EC" box="[632,693,1634,1658]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, female, SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view; note deirid (arrow); B. Pseudolabium, lateral view; note cephalic papillae (arrowheads), amphid (arrow), cuticular swellings dorsally and ventrally at the bases of the pseudolabia (asterisks); C. Anterior end, apical view; note cephalic papillae (arrowheads), amphids (arrows), cuticular swellings dorsally and ventrally at the bases of the pseudolabia (asterisks); D. Lateral alae; note deirids (arrowheads) and excretory pore (arrow); E. Cuticular plates, detail from the middle part of the descending arm of a cordon; F. Deirid; G. Postdeirid. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B, C, E
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF86295992BA0B2B0FB1F8BE" bold="true" box="[938,951,1808,1832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">–</emphasis>
G = 10 μm; D = 50 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB336C2FF86295E91D50B6D0E8CFD3D" blockId="3.[151,1436,1877,2019]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1438,152,2010]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF86295991D50B6D0D04F8F9" box="[197,258,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Male</emphasis>
(from
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF86295990470B6D0DDBF8F9" box="[343,477,1878,1903]" class="Aves" family="Podicipedidae" genus="Podiceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podicipediformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatus">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF86295990470B6D0DDBF8F9" box="[343,477,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. cristatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F31B7652FF86295993370B6E0E5CF8F9" box="[551,602,1877,1903]" name="Iran" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Iran</collectingCountry>
, n=8 except otherwise stated). Body length
<quantity id="4CF49B27FF862959957E0B6E090AF8F9" box="[1134,1292,1877,1903]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.065" metricValueMax="1.3199999999999998" metricValueMin="0.8099999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="10.649999999999999" valueMax="13.2" valueMin="8.1">8.1–13.2 mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4CF49B27FF862959940E0B6E0996F8F9" box="[1310,1424,1877,1903]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="10.6">10.6 mm</quantity>
). Maximum body width 224–275 (249), about mid-body; width 98–127 (111) at level of cloaca. Tail 228–373 (309) long. Cordons 376–527 (437) long, recurrent in anterior direction to 107–143 (121) from anterior body end, 21–25 wide. Deirids and excretory pore at 416–573 (488) and 483–631 (555), respectively, from anterior end of body. Left postdeirid and right postdeirid at
<quantity id="4CF49B27FF81295E93F70CA30F75FF24" box="[743,883,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.9" metricValueMin="6.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.9" valueMin="6.1">6.1–8.9 mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4CF49B27FF81295E92920CA30FE6FF24" box="[898,992,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="7.4">7.4 mm</quantity>
, n=6) and
<quantity id="4CF49B27FF81295E95490CA308E0FF24" box="[1113,1254,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="7.9" metricValueMin="5.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="6.75" valueMax="7.9" valueMin="5.6">5.6–7.9 mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4CF49B27FF81295E95E50CA30954FF24" box="[1269,1362,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="6.8">6.8 mm</quantity>
, n=6), respectively, from anterior body end. Buccal cavity 358–527 (442) long and 14–16 wide. Muscular oesophagus 665–1,032 (881) long and 48–81 (66) wide. Glandular oesophagus 2,682–3,872 (3,305) long and 107–143 (123) wide. Nerve ring at 380–573 (476) from anterior body end. Cuticle 16–19 thick. Distance between cuticular striations 4–5 μm. Lateral alae extending to
<quantity id="4CF49B27FF81295E92680D090800FEDA" box="[888,1030,306,332]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.05" metricValueMax="8.8" metricValueMin="5.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="7.05" valueMax="8.8" valueMin="5.3">5.3–8.8 mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4CF49B27FF81295E95060D090875FEDA" box="[1046,1139,306,332]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="6.8">6.8 mm</quantity>
) from anterior body end, maximum width 47–50. Caudal alae 607–921 (745) long (
<figureCitation id="13372A47FF81295E925F0D620FABFEE5" box="[847,941,345,371]" captionStart="FIGURE 3 A – F" captionStartId="6.[151,259,1414,1438]" captionTargetBox="[184,1403,206,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[175,1411,197,1389]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3 A – F. Cosmocephalus podicipis n. sp. A. Vulva; B. Posterior end, female; note nipple-like projection (arrowhead) and, phasmid (arrow); C. Posterior end, male, ventral view. D. Posterior end of male; ventral view; note sessile papillae (white arrowheads), pedunculate papillae (arrows) and phasmids (black arrowheads). E. Precloacal region of tail, ventral view; note papillae (arrowheads) and ventral cuticular ridge (arrow). F. Distal end of left spicule. Scale bars: A, B, F = 10 μm; C, E = 50 μm; D = 20 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193423/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). Single ventral cuticular ridge extending between level at 1,356–2,613 (1,895) from posterior body end and beginning of caudal alae (
<figureCitation id="13372A47FF81295E95F00DBB093AFE0C" box="[1248,1340,384,410]" captionStart="FIGURE 3 A – F" captionStartId="6.[151,259,1414,1438]" captionTargetBox="[184,1403,206,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[175,1411,197,1389]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3 A – F. Cosmocephalus podicipis n. sp. A. Vulva; B. Posterior end, female; note nipple-like projection (arrowhead) and, phasmid (arrow); C. Posterior end, male, ventral view. D. Posterior end of male; ventral view; note sessile papillae (white arrowheads), pedunculate papillae (arrows) and phasmids (black arrowheads). E. Precloacal region of tail, ventral view; note papillae (arrowheads) and ventral cuticular ridge (arrow). F. Distal end of left spicule. Scale bars: A, B, F = 10 μm; C, E = 50 μm; D = 20 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193423/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). Single median sessile precloacal papilla present. Nine pairs of pedunculate caudal papillae, 4 precloacal and 5 postcloacal (
<figureCitation id="13372A47FF81295E90230DF60D9DFE71" box="[307,411,461,487]" captionStart="FIGURE 1 A – G" captionStartId="2.[151,256,1540,1564]" captionTargetBox="[260,1314,221,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[238,1349,197,1515]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1 A – G. Cosmocephalus podicipis n. sp. A. Anterior end, female, lateral view; B. Anterior end, male, lateral view; C. Vagina, lateral view; D. Posterior end, male, lateral view; E. Caudal end, female, lateral view; F. Egg; G. Right spicule, dextral view. Scale bars: A – E, G = 100 μm; F = 25 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193421/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 1D</figureCitation>
; 3D, E). Anterior four pairs of postcloacal pedunculate papillae with almost equal distance between them; fifth pair situated near posterior extremity of tail. Sixth pair of postcloacal papillae sessile, smaller, situated between bases of last pedunculate papillae. Left spicule 400–446 (423) long, 10–12 wide, with small projection on its distal end (
<figureCitation id="13372A47FF81295E93AB0E7A0F11FDCD" box="[699,791,577,603]" captionStart="FIGURE 3 A – F" captionStartId="6.[151,259,1414,1438]" captionTargetBox="[184,1403,206,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[175,1411,197,1389]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3 A – F. Cosmocephalus podicipis n. sp. A. Vulva; B. Posterior end, female; note nipple-like projection (arrowhead) and, phasmid (arrow); C. Posterior end, male, ventral view. D. Posterior end of male; ventral view; note sessile papillae (white arrowheads), pedunculate papillae (arrows) and phasmids (black arrowheads). E. Precloacal region of tail, ventral view; note papillae (arrowheads) and ventral cuticular ridge (arrow). F. Distal end of left spicule. Scale bars: A, B, F = 10 μm; C, E = 50 μm; D = 20 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193423/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
). Right spicule 125–150 (143) long, 23–28 (25) wide (
<figureCitation id="13372A47FF81295E91B00E530D06FD14" box="[160,256,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 1 A – G" captionStartId="2.[151,256,1540,1564]" captionTargetBox="[260,1314,221,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[238,1349,197,1515]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1 A – G. Cosmocephalus podicipis n. sp. A. Anterior end, female, lateral view; B. Anterior end, male, lateral view; C. Vagina, lateral view; D. Posterior end, male, lateral view; E. Caudal end, female, lateral view; F. Egg; G. Right spicule, dextral view. Scale bars: A – E, G = 100 μm; F = 25 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193421/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
). I CL/BL 0.038–0.046 (0.042); I mOE/gOE 0.237–0.304 (0.268); I OE/BL 0.358–0.432 (0.397); I CA/BL 0.061– 0.078 (0.068); I LSP/RSP 2.770–3.360 (2.977).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336C2FF81295E91D50E800938FB58" blockId="4.[151,1438,152,2010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E91D50E800D1BFD42" box="[197,285,699,724]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Female</emphasis>
(from
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF81295E907D0E800DE9FD42" box="[365,495,699,724]" class="Aves" family="Podicipedidae" genus="Podiceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podicipediformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatus">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E907D0E800DE9FD42" box="[365,495,699,724]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. cristatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F31B7652FF81295E93260E800E6EFD43" box="[566,616,699,725]" name="Iran" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Iran</collectingCountry>
, n=7 except otherwise stated). Body length
<quantity id="4CF49B27FF81295E95780E800914FD43" box="[1128,1298,699,725]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.435" metricValueMax="1.78" metricValueMin="1.09" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="14.35" valueMax="17.8" valueMin="10.9">10.9–17.8 mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4CF49B27FF81295E94310E800996FD43" box="[1313,1424,699,725]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="15.5">15.5 mm</quantity>
). Maximum body width 254–435 (358), width 86–143 (116) at anus and 237–435 (349) at vulva. Tail 250–335 (307) long. Cordons extending to 514–814 (635) from anterior end, recurrent in anterior direction to 104–157 (133) from anterior body end, 34–54 (43) wide. Deirids and excretory pore at 545–814 (676) and 612–917 (769), respectively, from anterior body end. Left postdeirid and right postdeirid at
<quantity id="4CF49B27FF81295E954D0F6E08ECFCF9" box="[1117,1258,853,879]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.95" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="6.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="7.95" valueMax="9.5" valueMin="6.4">6.4–9.5 mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4CF49B27FF81295E95EA0F6E095FFCF9" box="[1274,1369,853,879]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="8.3">8.3 mm</quantity>
, n=4) and
<quantity id="4CF49B27FF81295E91D90F470D51FC00" box="[201,343,892,918]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3999999999999995" metricValueMax="8.7" metricValueMin="6.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="7.3999999999999995" valueMax="8.7" valueMin="6.1">6.1–8.7 mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4CF49B27FF81295E90780F470DC1FC00" box="[360,455,892,918]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 mm</quantity>
, n=4), respectively, from anterior body end. Buccal cavity 478–699 (574) long and 20–25 (23) wide. Muscular oesophagus 745–1,220 (957) long and 57–90 (73) wide. Glandular oesophagus 3,084–4,200 (3,575) long and 131–175 (154) wide. Nerve ring at 507–734 (606) from anterior body end. Cuticle 15–22 thick. Distance between striations 5–7 μm. Lateral alae extending to level of vulva, 54–65 wide. Vulva at
<quantity id="4CF49B27FF81295E9044082C0DE1FBA7" box="[340,487,1047,1073]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="8.9" metricValueMin="5.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="7.25" valueMax="8.9" valueMin="5.6">5.6–8.9 mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4CF49B27FF81295E90E9082C0E5CFBA7" box="[505,602,1047,1073]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="7.7">7.7 mm</quantity>
) from anterior body end (
<figureCitation id="13372A47FF81295E928C082C0806FBA7" box="[924,1024,1047,1073]" captionStart="FIGURE 3 A – F" captionStartId="6.[151,259,1414,1438]" captionTargetBox="[184,1403,206,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[175,1411,197,1389]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3 A – F. Cosmocephalus podicipis n. sp. A. Vulva; B. Posterior end, female; note nipple-like projection (arrowhead) and, phasmid (arrow); C. Posterior end, male, ventral view. D. Posterior end of male; ventral view; note sessile papillae (white arrowheads), pedunculate papillae (arrows) and phasmids (black arrowheads). E. Precloacal region of tail, ventral view; note papillae (arrowheads) and ventral cuticular ridge (arrow). F. Distal end of left spicule. Scale bars: A, B, F = 10 μm; C, E = 50 μm; D = 20 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193423/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Reproductive system didelphic.
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E918708050D25FBC1" box="[151,291,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Vagina vera</emphasis>
short, posteriorly directed, separated from
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E920B08050FC3FBC1" box="[795,965,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">vagina uterina</emphasis>
by well-developed circular musculature (
<figureCitation id="13372A47FF81295E918F085F0CFAFBE8" box="[159,252,1124,1150]" captionStart="FIGURE 1 A – G" captionStartId="2.[151,256,1540,1564]" captionTargetBox="[260,1314,221,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[238,1349,197,1515]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1 A – G. Cosmocephalus podicipis n. sp. A. Anterior end, female, lateral view; B. Anterior end, male, lateral view; C. Vagina, lateral view; D. Posterior end, male, lateral view; E. Caudal end, female, lateral view; F. Egg; G. Right spicule, dextral view. Scale bars: A – E, G = 100 μm; F = 25 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193421/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E9004085F0DB2FBEB" box="[276,436,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Vagina uterin</emphasis>
а longer, with muscular walls. Posterior extremity of tail with nipple-like projection (
<figureCitation id="13372A47FF81295E918F08B00CFBFB33" box="[159,253,1163,1189]" captionStart="FIGURE 1 A – G" captionStartId="2.[151,256,1540,1564]" captionTargetBox="[260,1314,221,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[238,1349,197,1515]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1 A – G. Cosmocephalus podicipis n. sp. A. Anterior end, female, lateral view; B. Anterior end, male, lateral view; C. Vagina, lateral view; D. Posterior end, male, lateral view; E. Caudal end, female, lateral view; F. Egg; G. Right spicule, dextral view. Scale bars: A – E, G = 100 μm; F = 25 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193421/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 1E</figureCitation>
; 3B). Eggs elongate-oval, 41–45 × 19–20 (43 × 20, n=20), containing first stage larva (
<figureCitation id="13372A47FF81295E95E708B00949FB33" box="[1271,1359,1163,1189]" captionStart="FIGURE 1 A – G" captionStartId="2.[151,256,1540,1564]" captionTargetBox="[260,1314,221,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[238,1349,197,1515]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1 A – G. Cosmocephalus podicipis n. sp. A. Anterior end, female, lateral view; B. Anterior end, male, lateral view; C. Vagina, lateral view; D. Posterior end, male, lateral view; E. Caudal end, female, lateral view; F. Egg; G. Right spicule, dextral view. Scale bars: A – E, G = 100 μm; F = 25 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193421/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
). I CL/BL 0.036–0.047 (0.040); I mOE/gOE 0.191–0.301 (0.239); I OE/BL 0.271–369 (0.309); I V/BL 0.480–0.515 (0.496).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3166549FF81295C91D508E50E76F85B" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB336C2FF81295E91D508E50F31FA2F" blockId="4.[151,1438,152,2010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E91D508E50D45FB6E" bold="true" box="[197,323,1246,1272]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Remarks.</emphasis>
Several studies have reported species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF81295E92D608E5088EFB61" box="[966,1160,1246,1271]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E92D608E5088EFB61" box="[966,1160,1246,1271]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Cosmocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as parasites of grebes (
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF81295E91B1093E0D08FA88" box="[161,270,1285,1310]" class="Aves" family="Podicipedidae" genus="Podiceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podicipediformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E91B1093E0D08FA88" box="[161,270,1285,1310]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Podiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.):
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF81295E9071093E0DF0FA88" box="[353,502,1285,1310]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="obvelatus">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E9071093E0DF0FA88" box="[353,502,1285,1310]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. obvelatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF81295E9350093E0EAAFA88" box="[576,684,1285,1310]" class="Aves" family="Podicipedidae" genus="Podiceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podicipediformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E9350093E0EAAFA88" box="[576,684,1285,1310]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Podiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. from the Sea of Azov and
<collectingCountry id="F31B7652FF81295E950C093E0898FA89" box="[1052,1182,1285,1311]" name="Azerbaijan" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Azerbaijan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B33FF81295E95BE093E0992FA89" author="Gushanskaya" box="[1198,1428,1285,1311]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="Gushanskaya, L. I. (1950) [Study of Spirurata from water birds on the USSR]. Trudy Gel'mintologicheskoy Laboratorii Akademii Nauk SSSR, 4, 55 - 63 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1950">Gushanskaya 1950</bibRefCitation>
) and from
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF81295E900109170F06FAD3" authority="Lawrence" authorityName="Lawrence" box="[273,768,1323,1349]" class="Aves" family="Podicipedidae" genus="Aechmophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podicipediformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E900109170E6CFAD3" box="[273,618,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Aechmophorus occidentalis</emphasis>
(Lawrence)
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F31B7652FF81295E923B09100F8EFAD3" box="[811,904,1323,1349]" name="Canada" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Canada</collectingCountry>
(Gallimore 1964, cited after
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B33FF81295E95E709100988FAD3" author="Storer" box="[1271,1422,1323,1349]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="Storer, R. W. (2000) The metazoan parasite fauna of grebes (Aves: Podicipediformes) and its relationship to the birds' biology. Miscellaneous Publications of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 188, 1 - 90." type="journal article" year="2000">Storer 2000</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF81295E918709690D5BFAFD" box="[151,349,1362,1387]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E918709690D5BFAFD" box="[151,349,1362,1387]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Cosmocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. from
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF81295E90C809690F67FAFA" authority="Boddaert" authorityName="Boddaert" box="[472,865,1362,1388]" class="Aves" family="Podicipedidae" genus="Podiceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podicipediformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grisegena">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E90C809690ED6FAFD" box="[472,720,1362,1387]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Podiceps grisegena</emphasis>
(Boddaert)
</taxonomicName>
from West Siberia (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B33FF81295E957109690934FAFA" author="Spasskaya" box="[1121,1330,1362,1388]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="Spasskaya, L. P. (1949) [Nematodes parasites in birds from Western Siberia collected during the 257 th helminthological expedition of the Soviet Union]. Trudy Gel'mintologicheskoy Laboratorii Akademii Nauk SSSR, 11, 128 - 142 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1949">Spasskaya 1949</bibRefCitation>
); and
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF81295E949009690D6AFA04" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subSpecies" species="obvelatus" subSpecies="magnus">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E949009690D6AFA04" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. obvelatus magnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Vasil’kova, 1926 from
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF81295E939609420F66FA04" box="[646,864,1401,1426]" class="Aves" family="Podicipedidae" genus="Podiceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podicipediformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatus">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E939609420F66FA04" box="[646,864,1401,1426]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Podiceps cristatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F31B7652FF81295E92970942082FFA05" box="[903,1065,1401,1427]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B33FF81295E9529094208E7FA05" author="Kibakin" box="[1081,1249,1401,1427]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="Kibakin, B. B (1965) [Helminth parasites of birds in Gasan-Kuli Reserve]. Materialy k nauchnoy konferencii Vsesoyuznogo obshtestva gel'mintologov, 1, 108 - 111 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1965">Kibakin 1965</bibRefCitation>
). None of these records was accompanied by descriptions or illustrations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336C2FF81295E91D509FD0F8DF9C2" blockId="4.[151,1438,152,2010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
The specimens from
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF81295E90AA09FD0E3DFA49" box="[442,571,1478,1503]" class="Aves" family="Podicipedidae" genus="Podiceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podicipediformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatus">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E90AA09FD0E3DFA49" box="[442,571,1478,1503]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. cristatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F31B7652FF81295E939309FD0EB4FA76" box="[643,690,1478,1504]" name="Iran" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Iran</collectingCountry>
and those from
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF81295E927F09FD0803FA49" box="[879,1029,1478,1503]" class="Aves" family="Podicipedidae" genus="Podiceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podicipediformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricollis">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E927F09FD0803FA49" box="[879,1029,1478,1503]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. nigricollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F31B7652FF81295E955B09FD08B6FA76" box="[1099,1200,1478,1504]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
exhibit very similar morphology, including their metrical data (Table 1). They obviously belong to the same species, which we name
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF81295E91F40A2F0D79F9BB" box="[228,383,1556,1581]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="podicipis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E91F40A2F0D79F9BB" box="[228,383,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. podicipis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E90990A280DD4F9BB" bold="true" box="[393,466,1555,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B57ABFF81295E90990A280DD4F9BB" box="[393,466,1555,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
They can be distinguished from their congeners (see below for a survey of
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF81295E91870A010D57F9C5" box="[151,337,1594,1619]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E91870A010D57F9C5" box="[151,337,1594,1619]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Cosmocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.) on the basis of the following comparisons:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336C2FF81295E91D50A5A0E41F8F0" blockId="4.[151,1438,152,2010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF81295E91D50A5A0D5FF9EC" box="[197,345,1633,1658]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="podicipis">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E91D50A5A0D5FF9EC" box="[197,345,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. podicipis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be differentiated from
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF81295E93BB0A5A0F43F9EC" box="[683,837,1633,1658]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="obvelatus">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E93BB0A5A0F43F9EC" box="[683,837,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. obvelatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its longer cordons in both males and females (Table 1). The relative length of the cordons (as a proportion of the body length) of the new species is also greater than that in
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF81295E906B0A950E08F951" box="[379,526,1710,1735]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="obvelatus">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E906B0A950E08F951" box="[379,526,1710,1735]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. obvelatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, i.e. I CL/BL is 0.038–0.046
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E922C0A950F52F951" box="[828,852,1710,1735]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">vs</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CF49B27FF81295E924C0A95080BF95E" box="[860,1037,1710,1736]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.255" metricValueMax="9.143999999999998" metricValueMin="7.366" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="in" value="0.0325" valueMax="0.036" valueMin="0.029">0.029–0.036 in</quantity>
males and 0.036–0.047
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E943C0A950942F951" box="[1324,1348,1710,1735]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">vs</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CF49B27FF81295E945B0A950CFFF964" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.747" metricValueMax="8.89" metricValueMin="6.604" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="in" value="0.0305" valueMax="0.035" valueMin="0.026">0.026– 0.035 in</quantity>
females. The cordons of the new species are narrower than those in
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF81295E953F0AE308C3F967" box="[1071,1221,1752,1777]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="obvelatus">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E953F0AE308C3F967" box="[1071,1221,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. obvelatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13372A47FF81295E95C50AE30934F964" box="[1237,1330,1752,1778]" captionStart="FIGURE 2 A – G" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1634,1658]" captionTargetBox="[182,1402,359,1600]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[173,1413,351,1609]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2 A – G. Cosmocephalus podicipis n. sp., female, SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view; note deirid (arrow); B. Pseudolabium, lateral view; note cephalic papillae (arrowheads), amphid (arrow), cuticular swellings dorsally and ventrally at the bases of the pseudolabia (asterisks); C. Anterior end, apical view; note cephalic papillae (arrowheads), amphids (arrows), cuticular swellings dorsally and ventrally at the bases of the pseudolabia (asterisks); D. Lateral alae; note deirids (arrowheads) and excretory pore (arrow); E. Cuticular plates, detail from the middle part of the descending arm of a cordon; F. Deirid; G. Postdeirid. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B, C, E – G = 10 μm; D = 50 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193422/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="13372A47FF81295E947D0AE30CB8F88E" captionStart="FIGURE 6 A – I" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,363,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[178,1408,355,1768]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6 A – I. Cosmocephalus obvelatus, SEM. A. Anterior end, female, lateral view; note deirid (arrow); B. Anterior end, male, lateral view; note deirid (arrow); C. Pseudolabia, apical view; note cephalic papillae (arrowheads), amphid (arrow), cuticular swellings dorsally and ventrally at the bases of the pseudolabia (asterisks); D. Anterior end, apical view; note small pores; E. Deirid; F. Postdeirid. G. Posterior end, male, ventral view; note ventral cuticular ridge, precloacal papillae (arrowheads) and cloaca (arrow). H. Caudal alae, note postcloacal papillae (arrowheads). I. Posterior end, female, lateral view; note phasmid (arrow) and nipple-like projection. Scale bars: A, B, H, I = 50 μm; G = 100 μm; C, F = 20 μm; D, E = 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193426/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF81295E91C30AC40D67F88E" box="[211,353,1791,1816]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="podicipis">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E91C30AC40D67F88E" box="[211,353,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. podicipis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has shorter spicules (Table 1). The females of
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF81295E92970AC40813F88E" box="[903,1045,1791,1816]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="podicipis">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E92970AC40813F88E" box="[903,1045,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. podicipis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are characterised by a longer tail and smaller body width at the level of the anus (
<figureCitation id="13372A47FF81295E93C30B1E0F2DF8A9" box="[723,811,1829,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 1 A – G" captionStartId="2.[151,256,1540,1564]" captionTargetBox="[260,1314,221,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[238,1349,197,1515]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1 A – G. Cosmocephalus podicipis n. sp. A. Anterior end, female, lateral view; B. Anterior end, male, lateral view; C. Vagina, lateral view; D. Posterior end, male, lateral view; E. Caudal end, female, lateral view; F. Egg; G. Right spicule, dextral view. Scale bars: A – E, G = 100 μm; F = 25 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193421/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="13372A47FF81295E92760B1E0FC6F8A9" box="[870,960,1829,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 5 A – H" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1672,1696]" captionTargetBox="[204,1381,186,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[182,1405,148,1648]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5 A – H. Cosmocephalus obvelatus. A. Anterior end, female, lateral view; B. Anterior end, male, lateral view; C. Vagina, lateral view; D. Caudal end, female, ventral view; E. Posterior end, female, lateral view; F. Left spicule, sinistral view; G. Egg; H. Right spicule, dextral view. Scale bars: A – C, E, F, H = 100 μm; D = 200 μm; G = 25 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193425/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
). The eggs of
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF81295E957A0B1E08FEF8A8" box="[1130,1272,1829,1854]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="podicipis">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E957A0B1E08FEF8A8" box="[1130,1272,1829,1854]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. podicipis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are markedly more elongate (
<figureCitation id="13372A47FF81295E905D0B770DA5F8F0" box="[333,419,1868,1894]" captionStart="FIGURE 1 A – G" captionStartId="2.[151,256,1540,1564]" captionTargetBox="[260,1314,221,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[238,1349,197,1515]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1 A – G. Cosmocephalus podicipis n. sp. A. Anterior end, female, lateral view; B. Anterior end, male, lateral view; C. Vagina, lateral view; D. Posterior end, male, lateral view; E. Caudal end, female, lateral view; F. Egg; G. Right spicule, dextral view. Scale bars: A – E, G = 100 μm; F = 25 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193421/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="13372A47FF81295E90CC0B770E3CF8F0" box="[476,570,1868,1894]" captionStart="FIGURE 5 A – H" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1672,1696]" captionTargetBox="[204,1381,186,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[182,1405,148,1648]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5 A – H. Cosmocephalus obvelatus. A. Anterior end, female, lateral view; B. Anterior end, male, lateral view; C. Vagina, lateral view; D. Caudal end, female, ventral view; E. Posterior end, female, lateral view; F. Left spicule, sinistral view; G. Egg; H. Right spicule, dextral view. Scale bars: A – C, E, F, H = 100 μm; D = 200 μm; G = 25 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193425/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336C2FF81295E91D50B490D9AF84C" blockId="4.[151,1438,152,2010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
The new species differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF81295E93360B480EC6F81A" box="[550,704,1907,1932]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="imperialis">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E93360B480EC6F81A" box="[550,704,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. imperialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[as described by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B33FF81295E92800B49085AF81A" author="Morishita" box="[912,1116,1906,1932]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="Morishita, K. (1930) Two nematode parasites of the guillemot. Japanese Journal of Zoology, 3, 61 - 72." type="journal article" year="1930">Morishita (1930)</bibRefCitation>
, see Table 1] by the longer body of males and the shorter spicules. The females of
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF81295E920A0BA20FAEF824" box="[794,936,1945,1970]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="podicipis">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E920A0BA20FAEF824" box="[794,936,1945,1970]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. podicipis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are narrower and their eggs are larger than those of
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF81295E91EC0BFB0D92F84F" box="[252,404,1984,2009]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="imperialis">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF81295E91EC0BFB0D92F84F" box="[252,404,1984,2009]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. imperialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF73664AFF83295C918709BD0EEEF9B1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193423/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[184,1403,206,1382]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BB336C2FF83295C918709BD0EEEF9B1" blockId="6.[151,1437,1414,1576]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF83295C918709BD0D5EFA08" bold="true" box="[151,344,1414,1438]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 3 A–F.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF83295C907009BC0E84FA08" box="[352,642,1415,1438]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="podicipis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF83295C907009BC0E84FA08" box="[352,642,1415,1438]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cosmocephalus podicipis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF83295C939A09BD0ECDFA08" bold="true" box="[650,715,1414,1438]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B57ABFF83295C939A09BD0ECDFA08" box="[650,715,1414,1438]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A. Vulva; B. Posterior end, female; note nipple-like projection (arrowhead) and, phasmid (arrow); C. Posterior end, male, ventral view. D. Posterior end of male; ventral view; note sessile papillae (white arrowheads), pedunculate papillae (arrows) and phasmids (black arrowheads). E. Precloacal region of tail, ventral view; note papillae (arrowheads) and ventral cuticular ridge (arrow). F. Distal end of left spicule. Scale bars: A, B, F = 10 μm; C, E = 50 μm; D = 20 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB336C2FF83295C91D50A6C08ADF928" blockId="6.[151,1436,1623,1997]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
The males of
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF83295C90750A6C0DF5F9E6" box="[357,499,1623,1648]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="podicipis">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF83295C90750A6C0DF5F9E6" box="[357,499,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. podicipis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from those of
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF83295C92880A6C0FFDF9E6" box="[920,1019,1623,1648]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="faridi">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF83295C92880A6C0FFDF9E6" box="[920,1019,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. faridi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[as described by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B33FF83295C95D90A6C096CF9E7" author="Khalil" box="[1225,1386,1623,1649]" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" refString="Khalil, M. B. (1931) On two new species of nematodes from Pelecanus onocrotalus. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 25, 455 - 460." type="journal article" year="1931">Khalil (1931)</bibRefCitation>
, see Table 1] by their longer body and shorter spicules. Furthermore, the cordons of
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF83295C95540A4508AEF901" box="[1092,1192,1662,1687]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="faridi">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF83295C95540A4508AEF901" box="[1092,1192,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. faridi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are characterised by their elongate loops reaching to one third of the total length of the cordons (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B33FF83295C951D0A9F0899F928" author="Khalil" box="[1037,1183,1700,1726]" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" refString="Khalil, M. B. (1931) On two new species of nematodes from Pelecanus onocrotalus. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 25, 455 - 460." type="journal article" year="1931">Khalil 1931</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336C2FF83295C91D50AF00D07F8A7" blockId="6.[151,1436,1623,1997]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
The new species is differentiated from
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF83295C93840AF00F1DF972" box="[660,795,1739,1764]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="capellae">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF83295C93840AF00F1DF972" box="[660,795,1739,1764]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. capellae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[as described by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B33FF83295C92FB0AF008B3F973" author="Yamaguti" box="[1003,1205,1739,1765]" pageId="6" pageNumber="20" refString="Yamaguti, S. (1935) Studies on the helminth fauna of Japan. Part. 12. Avian nematodes, I. Japanese Journal of Zoology, 6, 403 - 431." type="journal article" year="1935">Yamaguti (1935)</bibRefCitation>
] by its longer body length in males (Table 1). In addition,
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF83295C936C0ACA0F0DF89C" box="[636,779,1777,1802]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="capellae">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF83295C936C0ACA0F0DF89C" box="[636,779,1777,1802]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. capellae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has tricuspid deirids while those of
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF83295C95C60ACA096BF89C" box="[1238,1389,1777,1802]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="podicipis">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF83295C95C60ACA096BF89C" box="[1238,1389,1777,1802]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. podicipis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are bicuspid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336C2FF83295C91D50B040E76F85B" blockId="6.[151,1436,1623,1997]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
The male specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF83295C90CE0B040E6AF8CE" box="[478,620,1855,1880]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="podicipis">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF83295C90CE0B040E6AF8CE" box="[478,620,1855,1880]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. podicipis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from those of
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF83295C92750B040FECF8CE" box="[869,1002,1855,1880]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="jaenschi">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF83295C92750B040FECF8CE" box="[869,1002,1855,1880]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. jaenschi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(compared with data obtained in the present study, Table 1) by their shorter left spicules.
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF83295C92060B5D0FAFF8E9" box="[790,937,1894,1919]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="podicipis">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF83295C92060B5D0FAFF8E9" box="[790,937,1894,1919]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. podicipis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has bicuspid deirids, in contrast with the tricuspid deirids of
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF83295C906B0BB70DF9F833" box="[379,511,1932,1957]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="jaenschi">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF83295C906B0BB70DF9F833" box="[379,511,1932,1957]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. jaenschi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In addition,
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF83295C938B0BB70F19F833" box="[667,799,1932,1957]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="jaenschi">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF83295C938B0BB70F19F833" box="[667,799,1932,1957]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. jaenschi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a prominent appendage at the distal end of the left spicule (
<figureCitation id="13372A47FF83295C91EA0B880D53F85B" box="[250,341,1971,1997]" captionStart="FIGURE 7 A, B" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1945,1969]" captionTargetBox="[375,1231,1126,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[303,1283,1092,1920]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7 A, B. Cosmocephalus jaenschi, paratype, male. A. Anterior end, lateral view; B. Posterior end, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B = 100 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193427/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
), absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D41FF83295C90CC0B880E6FF85A" box="[476,617,1971,1996]" class="Secernentea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Cosmocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="podicipis">
<emphasis id="B978EAD0FF83295C90CC0B880E6FF85A" box="[476,617,1971,1996]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. podicipis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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