429 lines
46 KiB
XML
429 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document id="92E9EEEF900C4B9253360095C30A258A" ID-CLB-Dataset="3679" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0082(2005)484[0001:AENSFC]2.0.CO;2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="03cfeb6d-a530-46c9-8a81-ec17bd837d55" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4735209" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1620068526645" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="SCHARGEL, WALTER E., RIVAS FUENMAYOR, GILSON & MYERS, CHARLES W." docDate="2005" docId="03A587ADBF31FF9DFEB114D0FB13FF04" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2005.3484.1-22.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 3484" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/0003-0082%282005%29484%5B0001%3AAENSFC%5D2.0.CO%3B2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001.3:AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Echinanthera COPE" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="FF9CFFD5BF3EFF8CFFBF1079FF8BFFF1" masterDocTitle="An Enigmatic New Snake from Cloud Forest of the Península de Paria, Venezuela (Colubridae: Genus Taeniophallus?)" masterLastPageNumber="23" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1698938155043" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="E88AB4BD4FDACF4F59D0E1E1C030F169">An Enigmatic New Snake from Cloud Forest of the Península de Paria, Venezuela (Colubridae: Genus Taeniophallus?)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5DBFAD8406ECF06AB877D92FCA0749B1" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="62230F6B7960A4C8183C8AA139FDF308">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C046DC42960777EDDFC55F4985C5ADA7">SCHARGEL, WALTER E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2C7A6177FF26B6A40B5992C7B846A9BB">RIVAS FUENMAYOR, GILSON</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="4511A157C93B64D39ABEB00ED0FCD3A0" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DCE7994372B492FC451769B1531548EB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E1BF6807CFCB1767915A64C79A1ADA3A">MYERS, CHARLES W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0679723B7BA4265DB057BC217CB502A6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="EBA1435EC4E2B59559771F869D43031D">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="949DFE5343B7CB3828FE8ABA3FFFBF01">
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<mods:date id="93776FF5967C299AFB5473C092E6874C">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="19B9F54382B3E56B3FB070E283FBEC15" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="28E2DE27F207C444352B8CB88D563336">2005-07-25</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="752F15C9EA21D063994FB365F468810E" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A621E3C203D0BC7368D95FE371DA21B1">3484</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="D7C898EDD48470D0FA4C8F494DE0E188">http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/0003-0082%282005%29484%5B0001%3AAENSFC%5D2.0.CO%3B2</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="BD5E3D1A1D701F15F2BFA34641582623">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CC3D3BA8B905236A978F874C5484D227" type="CLB-Dataset">3679</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BCDA763E595C5C0514302759CF6ED680" type="DOI">10.1206/0003-0082(2005)484[0001:AENSFC]2.0.CO;2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="51F5714991E518B2CFC1392C110F5A43" type="GBIF-Dataset">03cfeb6d-a530-46c9-8a81-ec17bd837d55</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="46D22C75AB8300E9CCC905FA1C27A1C9" type="ISSN">0003-0082</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2396FEE2390777BBFC72766A01AA1A76" type="Zenodo-Dep">4735209</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A587ADBF31FF9DFEB114D0FB13FF04" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5647970" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190003575" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5647970" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A587ADBF31FF9DFEB114D0FB13FF04" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A587ADBF31FF9DFEB114D0FB13FF04" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<subSubSection id="C3166530BF31FF83FEB114D0FE7CFB4E" box="[270,503,1193,1216]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF31FF83FEB114D0FE7CFB4E" blockId="15.[270,503,1193,1216]" box="[270,503,1193,1216]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<heading id="D0FB81D7BF31FF83FEB114D0FE7CFB4E" box="[270,503,1193,1216]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FEB114D0FE7CFB4E" authority="COPE" box="[270,503,1193,1216]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FEB114D0FE39FB4E" box="[270,434,1193,1216]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ECHINANTHERA</emphasis>
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COPE
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3166530BF31FF9DFF2714B7FB13FF04" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF31FF83FF2714B7FC77FDC9" blockId="15.[123,651,1230,1281]" lastBlockId="15.[699,1228,193,1389]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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This is a welldefined genus, at least in the strict sense when considering the closest relatives of the
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<typeStatus id="54B78819BF31FF83FCEB10B8FC0DFF29" box="[852,902,193,216]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
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species. In this context, six species seem assignable:
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FC5710A6FD6EFEE2" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amoena">
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<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FC5710A6FD6EFEE2" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Echinanthera amoena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FD471085FC6EFEE2" authorityName="Di Bernardo" authorityYear="1994" box="[760,997,252,275]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cephalomaculata">
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<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FD471085FC6EFEE2" box="[760,997,252,275]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. cephalomaculata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FC471085FB4FFEE2" box="[1016,1220,252,275]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cephalostriata">
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<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FC471085FB4FFEE2" box="[1016,1220,252,275]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. cephalostriata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FD041160FCE7FEC1" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[699,876,281,304]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanopleura">
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<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FD041160FCE7FEC1" box="[699,876,281,304]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. cyanopleura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<typeStatus id="54B78819BF31FF83FCC31160FC3BFEC1" box="[892,944,281,304]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
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species),
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FB9D1160FD55FEBF" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostigma">
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<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FB9D1160FD55FEBF" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. melanostigma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FC9A114EFC24FEBF" box="[805,943,311,334]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undulata">
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<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FC9A114EFC24FEBF" box="[805,943,311,334]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. undulata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Two of these were recently described by Marcos DiBernardo, the principal authority on the genus: he named the outlying
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FCE211F6FBC5FE57" authorityName="Di Bernardo" authorityYear="1994" box="[861,1102,399,422]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cephalomaculata">
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<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FCE211F6FBC5FE57" box="[861,1102,399,422]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. cephalomaculata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on
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<specimenCount id="9D0AFD32BF31FF83FD0411D5FCF0FE32" box="[699,891,428,451]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
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from Estado
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<collectingRegion id="49C8F859BF31FF83FB8211D5FB28FE32" box="[1085,1187,428,451]" country="Brazil" name="Alagoas" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Alagoas</collectingRegion>
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in northeastern
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<collectingCountry id="F31B762BBF31FF83FCEC11B0FC11FE11" box="[851,922,457,480]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B4ABF31FF83FC1511B0FB07FE11" author="Di-Bernardo, Marcos" box="[938,1164,457,480]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="75 - 81" refId="ref12136" refString="Di-Bernardo, Marcos. 1994. Uma nova especie de Echinanthera Cope, 1894 (Serpentes, Colubridae) do nordeste do Brasil. Biociencias 2 (2): 75 - 81." type="journal article" year="1994">DiBernardo, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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), and he teased out the new
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FC7D119EFB00FE0F" box="[962,1163,487,510]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cephalostriata">
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<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FC7D119EFB00FE0F" box="[962,1163,487,510]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. cephalostriata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FD04127DFCE5FDEA" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[699,878,516,539]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanopleura">
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<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FD04127DFCE5FDEA" box="[699,878,516,539]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. cyanopleura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with which it had been confused (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B4ABF31FF83FCB41258FC7BFDC9" author="Di-Bernardo, Marcos" box="[779,1008,545,568]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="120 - 126" refId="ref12170" refString="Di-Bernardo, Marcos. 1996. A new species of the Neotropical snake genus Echinanthera Cope, 1894 from southeastern Brazil (Serpentes, Colubridae). The Snake 27 (2): 120 - 126." type="journal article" year="1996">DiBernardo, 1996</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF31FF83FD671247FC8FFC8A" blockId="15.[699,1228,193,1389]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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These are mediumsized terrestrial snakes, all probably exceeding
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<quantity id="4CF49B5EBF31FF83FC711225FBA4FD82" box="[974,1071,604,627]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="600.0">600 mm</quantity>
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total length.
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<superScript id="7C799BF3BF31FF83FB7D1222FB40FD98" attach="none" box="[1218,1227,603,617]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">8</superScript>
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Based on relatively few measurements (Myers, unpubl.;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B4ABF31FF83FCE712EFFBF3FD5C" author="Di-Bernardo, Marcos" box="[856,1144,662,685]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="120 - 126" refId="ref12170" refString="Di-Bernardo, Marcos. 1996. A new species of the Neotropical snake genus Echinanthera Cope, 1894 from southeastern Brazil (Serpentes, Colubridae). The Snake 27 (2): 120 - 126." type="journal article" year="1996">DiBernardo, 1996: 123</bibRefCitation>
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), maximum total lengths reach or exceed
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||
<quantity id="4CF49B5EBF31FF83FBD612CDFB40FD3A" box="[1129,1227,692,715]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="700.0">700 mm</quantity>
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in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FD6512A8FCBDFD19" box="[730,822,721,744]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amoena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FD6512A8FCBDFD19" box="[730,822,721,744]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">amoena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FCF812A8FC64FD19" box="[839,1007,721,744]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cephalostriata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FCF812A8FC64FD19" box="[839,1007,721,744]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">cephalostriata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FB8E12A8FB13FD19" box="[1073,1176,721,744]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FB8E12A8FB13FD19" box="[1073,1176,721,744]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">undulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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and exceed
|
||
<quantity id="4CF49B5EBF31FF83FCA81297FCF0FCF4" box="[791,891,750,773]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="800.0">800 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FC171296FBB2FCF7" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[936,1081,751,774]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanopleura">
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||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FC171296FBB2FCF7" box="[936,1081,751,774]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">cyanopleura</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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and
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FBC51296FC9CFCD2" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostigma">
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<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FBC51296FC9CFCD2" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">melanostigma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. A female
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FC0B1375FBDCFCD2" box="[948,1111,780,803]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostigma">
|
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<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FC0B1375FBDCFCD2" box="[948,1111,780,803]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">melanostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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(UMMZ 63030) was measured at
|
||
<quantity id="4CF49B5EBF31FF83FBAB1350FB09FCB1" box="[1044,1154,809,832]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.82" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="882.0">882 mm</quantity>
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total length, and meterlong
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FC5D133EFB0BFCAF" box="[994,1152,839,862]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FC5D133EFB0BFCAF" box="[994,1152,839,862]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Echinanthera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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seem likely.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF31FF83FD6713F8FB80FB2A" blockId="15.[699,1228,193,1389]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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There are 17 dorsal scale rows without reduction. Apical scale ‘‘pits’’ are present on some specimens of at least five species.
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<superScript id="7C799BF3BF31FF83FB7C13C2FB47FC38" attach="none" box="[1219,1228,955,969]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">9</superScript>
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These scale organs are either paired or single (if single, the pit is an apparent remnant of a pair, being offset from the median). There normally are 8 supralabials (rarely 7 or 9), usually with 2nd–3rd or 2nd only touching the loreal and 3rd–5th (less commonly 4th– 5th) in the orbit. This differs significantly from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FC9014DEFBA3FB4F" baseAuthorityName="Myers" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[815,1064,1191,1214]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FC9014DEFBA3FB4F" box="[815,1064,1191,1214]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Taeniophallus affinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (7 supralabials, 3rd–4th in orbit).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF31FF9DFD671498FDC2FEC1" blockId="15.[699,1228,193,1389]" lastBlockId="17.[123,651,193,392]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
The color pattern includes a strongly undulating middorsal stripe in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FBB81486FB47FAE7" authorityName="Di Bernardo" authorityYear="1994" box="[1031,1228,1279,1302]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cephalomaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FBB81486FB47FAE7" box="[1031,1228,1279,1302]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">cephalomaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FD511565FCDFFAC2" box="[750,852,1308,1331]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FD511565FCDFFAC2" box="[750,852,1308,1331]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">undulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in at least some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FD601540FCE5FAA1" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[735,878,1337,1360]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanopleura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FD601540FCE5FAA1" box="[735,878,1337,1360]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">cyanopleura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g., the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B78819BF31FF83FC4F1540FBD3FAA1" box="[1008,1112,1337,1360]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
), but this stripe seems to have been degraded to somisolated spots in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF2EFF9CFEFF1626FE6EF987" box="[320,485,1631,1654]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cephalostriata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2EFF9CFEFF1626FE6EF987" box="[320,485,1631,1654]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">cephalostriata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B4ABF2EFF9CFE4B1627FF32F962" author="Di-Bernardo, Marcos" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="120 - 126" refId="ref12170" refString="Di-Bernardo, Marcos. 1996. A new species of the Neotropical snake genus Echinanthera Cope, 1894 from southeastern Brazil (Serpentes, Colubridae). The Snake 27 (2): 120 - 126." type="journal article" year="1996">DiBernardo, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF2EFF9CFEF11605FE65F962" box="[334,494,1660,1683]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2EFF9CFEF11605FE65F962" box="[334,494,1660,1683]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">melanostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and it is essentially lost in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF2EFF9CFEF816E0FE2AF941" box="[327,417,1689,1712]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amoena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2EFF9CFEF816E0FE2AF941" box="[327,417,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">amoena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A line of whitish dashes or small spots along rows 3 and/or 4. Normally dark dots on the ends of the ventrals. Specimens of all species except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF2EFF9CFBCD1605FB46F962" box="[1138,1229,1660,1683]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amoena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2EFF9CFBCD1605FB46F962" box="[1138,1229,1660,1683]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">amoena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF2EFF9CFD4E16E0FC3DF941" authorityName="Di Bernardo" authorityYear="1994" box="[753,950,1689,1712]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cephalomaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2EFF9CFD4E16E0FC3DF941" box="[753,950,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">cephalomaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have conspicuous gray or blackish crossbanding over much of the belly; variation in the ventral crossbands includes their ontogenetic development, at least in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF2FFF9DFF241085FE8BFEE2" box="[155,256,252,275]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2FFF9DFF241085FE8BFEE2" box="[155,256,252,275]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">undulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; a few traces of crossbanding are retained in some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF2FFF9DFE571160FDC9FEC1" box="[488,578,281,304]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amoena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2FFF9DFE571160FDC9FEC1" box="[488,578,281,304]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">amoena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF31FF83FF2D1558FE15FA5C" blockId="15.[123,652,1313,1741]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<superScript id="7C799BF3BF31FF83FF2D1558FF12FADD" attach="right" box="[146,153,1313,1324]" fontSize="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">7</superScript>
|
||
There is variation in numbers of prediastemal teeth in most snakes, with the difference between extreme counts usually seeming to be in the range of perhaps 2– 5 teeth for many South American colubrids (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B4ABF31FF83FDF51513FF5BFA64" author="Myers, Charles W." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref12598" refString="Myers, Charles W. 1974. The systematics of Rhadinaea (Colubridae), a genus of new world snakes. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 153 (1): 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1974">Myers, 1974: 29</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, table 1). The large variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FDB915FBFF3FFA5C" baseAuthorityName="Myers" baseAuthorityYear="1974" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FDB915FBFF3FFA5C" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Taeniophallus affinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is therefore noteworthy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF31FF83FD6D15E0FB30FA2C" blockId="15.[699,1227,1433,1741]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<superScript id="7C799BF3BF31FF83FD6D15E0FD52FA55" attach="right" box="[722,729,1433,1444]" fontSize="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">8</superScript>
|
||
The female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B78819BF31FF83FCE615E3FC21FA5C" box="[857,938,1434,1453]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FC6B15E3FD7EFA34" authorityName="Di Bernardo" authorityYear="1994" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cephalomaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FC6B15E3FD7EFA34" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Echinanthera cephalomaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
measured
|
||
<quantity id="4CF49B5EBF31FF83FCE615CBFC2DFA34" box="[857,934,1458,1477]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.61" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="561.0">561 mm</quantity>
|
||
total length, but only
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD32BF31FF83FBCD15CBFD79FA2C" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of this species are known (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B4ABF31FF83FC4415B3FB3BFA2C" author="Di-Bernardo, Marcos" box="[1019,1200,1482,1501]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="75 - 81" refId="ref12136" refString="Di-Bernardo, Marcos. 1994. Uma nova especie de Echinanthera Cope, 1894 (Serpentes, Colubridae) do nordeste do Brasil. Biociencias 2 (2): 75 - 81." type="journal article" year="1994">DiBernardo, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF31FF83FF2D15CBFF6FF93C" blockId="15.[123,652,1313,1741]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B4ABF31FF83FF2D15CBFEBCFA34" author="Myers, Charles W." box="[146,311,1458,1477]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref12598" refString="Myers, Charles W. 1974. The systematics of Rhadinaea (Colubridae), a genus of new world snakes. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 153 (1): 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1974">Myers (1974: 29</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 199) noted that two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FDAE15CBFDC1FA34" baseAuthorityName="Myers" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[529,586,1458,1477]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FDAE15CBFDC1FA34" box="[529,586,1458,1477]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">affinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens with the maxillary formula 10 1 2 had all the teeth short and thick, compared with relatively longer, more slender teeth in four snakes with the formulae 14 1 2– 18 1 2. Since then, however, an additional specimen with the formula 10 1 2 was coded with seemingly normal teeth. This variation is not explained, although Di Bernardo and Lema (1988: 232) showed that geographic variation is involved in total counts. Assuming that sibling species are not being confused, one might expect the existence of geographic shifts in availability of major prey
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B78819BF31FF83FF1316C3FF6BF93C" box="[172,224,1722,1741]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">types</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF31FF83FD6D1598FB13F93C" blockId="15.[699,1227,1433,1741]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<superScript id="7C799BF3BF31FF83FD6D1598FD52FA1D" attach="right" box="[722,729,1505,1516]" fontSize="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">9</superScript>
|
||
Apical pits were not mentioned in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B4ABF31FF83FBF8159BFD72F9FC" author="Di-Bernardo, Marcos" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="75 - 81" refId="ref12136" refString="Di-Bernardo, Marcos. 1994. Uma nova especie de Echinanthera Cope, 1894 (Serpentes, Colubridae) do nordeste do Brasil. Biociencias 2 (2): 75 - 81." type="journal article" year="1994">DiBernardo’s (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FC251583FB4EF9FC" authorityName="Di Bernardo" authorityYear="1994" box="[922,1221,1530,1549]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cephalomaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FC251583FB4EF9FC" box="[922,1221,1530,1549]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Echinanthera cephalomaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Myers has coded presence of these scale organs in specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FCA91653FCF0F9CC" box="[790,891,1578,1597]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amoena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FCA91653FCF0F9CC" box="[790,891,1578,1597]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. amoena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FC361653FB92F9CC" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[905,1049,1578,1597]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanopleura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FC361653FB92F9CC" box="[905,1049,1578,1597]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. cyanopleura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FB981653FB4EF9CC" box="[1063,1221,1578,1597]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FB981653FB4EF9CC" box="[1063,1221,1578,1597]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. melanostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FD5B163BFCD9F9A4" box="[740,850,1602,1621]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FD5B163BFCD9F9A4" box="[740,850,1602,1621]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. undulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B4ABF31FF83FC35163BFBFDF9A4" author="Di-Bernardo, Marcos" box="[906,1142,1602,1621]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="120 - 126" refId="ref12170" refString="Di-Bernardo, Marcos. 1996. A new species of the Neotropical snake genus Echinanthera Cope, 1894 from southeastern Brazil (Serpentes, Colubridae). The Snake 27 (2): 120 - 126." type="journal article" year="1996">DiBernardo (1996: 123)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported small paired (rarely single) apical pits in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FBEC1623FD65F974" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cephalostriata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FBEC1623FD65F974" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. cephalostriata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Some specimens seem to lack these structures completely. They are constant and easily seen in some genera, but a difficult character in such groups as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FB3216DBFC88F93C" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FB3216DBFC88F93C" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Echinanthera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. See
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B4ABF31FF83FC8516C3FB8DF93C" author="Myers, Charles W." box="[826,1030,1722,1741]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref12598" refString="Myers, Charles W. 1974. The systematics of Rhadinaea (Colubridae), a genus of new world snakes. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 153 (1): 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1974">Myers (1974: 40–41)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for discussion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF736633BF2EFF9CFF2915E7FECBF9EF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4735231" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4735231" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4735231/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[150,188,1438,1459]" targetBox="[184,1170,187,1418]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF2EFF9CFF2915E7FECBF9EF" blockId="16.[124,1229,1438,1566]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Fig. 9. Everted hemipenes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF2EFF9CFE5A15E7FDF0FA42" box="[485,635,1438,1459]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2EFF9CFE5A15E7FDF0FA42" box="[485,635,1438,1459]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Taeniophallus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B57D2BF2EFF9CFD3C15E7FD28FA42" box="[643,675,1438,1459]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, in sulcate and asulcate view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2EFF9CFC5615E7FB89FA42" bold="true" box="[1001,1026,1438,1459]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF2EFF9CFBB515E7FB46FA42" authority=", MZUSP" authorityName="MZUSP" box="[1034,1229,1438,1459]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2EFF9CFBB515E7FBECFA42" box="[1034,1127,1438,1459]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. affinis</emphasis>
|
||
, MZUSP
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
5032, right organ 36.9.
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2EFF9CFE3B15C1FE10FA3C" bold="true" box="[388,411,1464,1485]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF2EFF9CFE1A15C0FD5AFA3F" authority=", MZUSP 1902" authorityName="MZUSP" authorityYear="1902" box="[421,721,1465,1486]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2EFF9CFE1A15C0FDA1FA3F" box="[421,554,1465,1486]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. bilineatus</emphasis>
|
||
, MZUSP 1902
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, left 36.3.
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2EFF9CFCF015C1FCE3FA3C" bold="true" box="[847,872,1464,1485]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF2EFF9CFCCE15C0FBD6FA3F" authority=", MZUSP" authorityName="MZUSP" box="[881,1117,1465,1486]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="persimilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2EFF9CFCCE15C0FC7DFA3F" box="[881,1014,1465,1486]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. persimilis</emphasis>
|
||
, MZUSP
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
4108, left 36.7.
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2EFF9CFF0015AAFF53FA19" bold="true" box="[191,216,1491,1512]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF2EFF9CFF5F15ADFD86FA19" authority=", MZUSP 2002" authorityName=", MZUSP" authorityYear="2002" box="[224,525,1491,1513]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occipitalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2EFF9CFF5F15ADFEE2FA18" box="[224,361,1492,1513]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. occipitalis</emphasis>
|
||
, MZUSP 2002
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, right organ in asulcate view, 37.1. (Laboratory preparations from hemipenes preserved in retracted or partially everted condition; fully everted but not necessarily completely expanded.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF2FFF9DFF27114FFF40FE79" blockId="17.[123,651,193,392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
There normally are more than 25 prediastemal maxillary teeth, with variation as follows
|
||
<superScript id="7C799BF3BF2FFF9DFF0E1109FF49FE8F" attach="left" box="[177,194,368,382]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">10</superScript>
|
||
:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF2FFF9DFFC411E7FE1DFE43" blockId="17.[123,601,413,568]" box="[123,406,413,435]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF2FFF9DFFC411E7FF66FE42" box="[123,237,414,435]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amoena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2FFF9DFFC411E7FF66FE42" box="[123,237,414,435]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E. amoena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
25–28 (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE38507CBF2FFF9DFEF611E7FE05FE43" box="[329,398,413,435]" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="4" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="925" value="5.0666666">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2FFF9DFEF611E7FED1FE42" box="[329,346,414,435]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N</emphasis>
|
||
5 4
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF2FFF9DFFC411C1FE4DFDF3" blockId="17.[123,601,413,568]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF2FFF9DFFC411C1FEC5FE3C" authorityName="Di Bernardo" authorityYear="1994" box="[123,334,440,461]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cephalomaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2FFF9DFFC411C1FEC5FE3C" box="[123,334,440,461]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E. cephalomaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
27–28 (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE38507CBF2FFF9DFE1511C1FE64FE3C" box="[426,495,440,462]" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="2" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="925" value="5.0333333">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2FFF9DFE1511C1FE30FE3C" box="[426,443,440,461]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N</emphasis>
|
||
5 2
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF2FFF9DFFC411AAFEBAFE19" box="[123,305,467,488]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cephalostriata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2FFF9DFFC411AAFEBAFE19" box="[123,305,467,488]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E. cephalostriata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
24–32 (x 5 27.8,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE38507CBF2FFF9DFE4011AAFDDAFE19" box="[511,593,466,488]" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="925" value="5.5833335">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2FFF9DFE4011AAFD9BFE19" box="[511,528,467,488]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N</emphasis>
|
||
5 35
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF2FFF9DFFC41197FE96FDF2" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[123,285,494,515]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanopleura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2FFF9DFFC41197FE96FDF2" box="[123,285,494,515]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E. cyanopleura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
27–29 (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE38507CBF2FFF9DFEC61197FE35FDF3" box="[377,446,493,515]" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="2" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="925" value="5.0333333">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2FFF9DFEC61197FE01FDF2" box="[377,394,494,515]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N</emphasis>
|
||
5 2
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF2FFF9DFFC41271FE5DFDEC" blockId="17.[123,601,413,568]" box="[123,470,520,542]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF2FFF9DFFC41271FEA6FDEC" box="[123,301,520,541]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2FFF9DFFC41271FEA6FDEC" box="[123,301,520,541]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E. melanostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
27–32 (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE38507CBF2FFF9DFE361271FE45FDEC" box="[393,462,520,542]" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="6" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="925" value="5.1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2FFF9DFE361271FE11FDEC" box="[393,410,520,541]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N</emphasis>
|
||
5 6
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF2FFF9DFFC4125AFE24FDC9" blockId="17.[123,601,413,568]" box="[123,431,546,568]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF2FFF9DFFC4125AFF7CFDC9" box="[123,247,547,568]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2FFF9DFFC4125AFF7CFDC9" box="[123,247,547,568]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E. undulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
29–32 (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE38507CBF2FFF9DFEEA125AFE2CFDC9" box="[341,423,546,568]" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="925" value="5.2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2FFF9DFEEA125AFEEDFDC9" box="[341,358,547,568]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">N</emphasis>
|
||
5 12
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF2FFF9DFF271236FD95FC07" blockId="17.[123,652,591,1347]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
The strongly calyculate hemipenis has an interspinal asulcate gap that becomes pronounced upon eversion. This gap is not necessarily nude as sometimes stated, but usually contains a median line of tiny spines or spinelike papillae along part of its length (fig. 10). The calyces are papillate, with the papillae becoming either slightly or markedly larger, even spinulate on the asulcate side above the upper end of the interspinal gap— but they do not form a differentiated cluster. There is no small asulcate cluster of
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2FFF9DFD9613EBFD07FC58" box="[553,652,914,937]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">abruptly</emphasis>
|
||
enlarged, strongly differentiated papillae such as in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF2FFF9DFE9813B5FEE5FC12" box="[295,366,972,995]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2FFF9DFE9813B5FEE5FC12" box="[295,366,972,995]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">affinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF2FFF9DFE5A13B5FD00FC12" box="[485,651,972,995]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2FFF9DFE5A13B5FD00FC12" box="[485,651,972,995]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Taeniophallus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(compare fig. 10 with fig. 9A–C).
|
||
<superScript id="7C799BF3BF2FFF9DFDB21391FD95FC07" attach="left" box="[525,542,1000,1014]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">11</superScript>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF2FFF9DFF27147EFB13FF04" blockId="17.[123,652,591,1347]" lastBlockId="17.[699,1227,193,245]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
The monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF2FFF9DFE2C147EFDBAFBEF" box="[403,561,1031,1054]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2FFF9DFE2C147EFDBAFBEF" box="[403,561,1031,1054]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Echinanthera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B57D2BF2FFF9DFDFD147EFDECFBEF" box="[578,615,1031,1054]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is supported by the derived condition of a large number of prediastemal maxillary teeth (25– 32)—an unusually high number among most dipsadine and xenodontine colubrids. An undulating middorsal stripe and ventral crossbanding also may be synapomorphic for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF2FFF9DFFC414ADFE92FB1A" box="[123,281,1236,1259]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2FFF9DFFC414ADFE92FB1A" box="[123,281,1236,1259]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Echinanthera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with apomorphic degradation in a few species. Other characters that distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF2FFF9DFF7C1576FEEAFAD7" box="[195,353,1295,1318]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2FFF9DFF7C1576FEEAFAD7" box="[195,353,1295,1318]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Echinanthera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B57D2BF2FFF9DFED51576FE03FAD7" box="[362,392,1295,1318]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" sensu="stricto">s.s</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF2FFF9DFE421576FF64FAB2" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF2FFF9DFE421576FF64FAB2" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Taeniophallus affinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group include scale pits and generally larger size of the former, and the apomorphic supralabial pattern in the latter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |