175 lines
12 KiB
XML
175 lines
12 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734" ID-GBIF-Dataset="58b3b015-a919-456b-9175-f96878341e31" ID-PMC="PMC3497256" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-239-1" ID-PubMed="23226711" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-239-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 239" ModsDocTitle="Polyaxone monaxonids: revision of raspailiid sponges with polyactine megascleres ( Cyamon and Trikentrion)" checkinTime="1451248578713" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Soest, Rob van, Carballo, Jose Luis & Hooper, John" docDate="2012" docId="5FBFC210BA3336E8AA0CE4ACE5255DC3" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 239: 1-70" docOrigin="ZooKeys 239" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734" docTitle="Cyamon hamatum Soest, Carballo & Hooper, 2012, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="3639FF9B0F54FFEACF6A573ADC3CDF3D" masterDocTitle="Polyaxone monaxonids: revision of raspailiid sponges with polyactine megascleres (Cyamon and Trikentrion)" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1668154678110" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Polyaxone monaxonids: revision of raspailiid sponges with polyactine megascleres (Cyamon and Trikentrion)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Soest, Rob van</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Carballo, Jose Luis</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hooper, John</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>239</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>70</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-239-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037789" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BA36E82A-F8CB-4FA4-B589-DDE8694C220D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5FBFC210BA3336E8AA0CE4ACE5255DC3" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BA36E82A-F8CB-4FA4-B589-DDE8694C220D" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon hamatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hamatum">Cyamon hamatum</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="27" pageNumber="28">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Burton, M" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="299 - 358" title="Report on the shallow-water marine sponges in the collection of the Indian Museum, Part I." volume="34" year="1932">Burton and Rao 1932</bibRefCitation>
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: 355 (S India).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Not (Cyamon) vickersii" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="vickersii" subGenus="Cyamon">Not: Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
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(Bowerbank, 1864)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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Type specimen: Holotype (schizotype), 1 slide BMNH 1931.1.1.19a, labeled Cyamon vickersii (Bow.) Ind. Mus. Coll. in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Burton’s">Burton's</normalizedToken>
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handwriting. Presumably the type specimen was at one time lodged in the collections of the Indian Museum, Kolkata, India, but present whereabouts are unknown. It is likely housed in the Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Type locality: India, 21 miles S.W.W. of Mangalore, 4 May 1888.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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partly from
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<bibRefCitation author="Burton, M" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="299 - 358" title="Report on the shallow-water marine sponges in the collection of the Indian Museum, Part I." volume="34" year="1932">Burton and Rao 1931</bibRefCitation>
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:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">The single representative is a portion of a dull brown spherical mass. It agrees with the specimen described by Dendy (l.c.) except that the longest ray of the pseudactines bears a few recurved rays on the shaft and a crown of spines at the apex; the basal rays of these spicules have spines at the apex only; and the styli are very scarce. Locality. - 21 miles S.W.W. of Mangalore, S India (4th May 1888).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">The slide (Fig. 15A) contains thick sections of the skeleton, showing the usual columnar structure of thick styles and polyactines (Fig. 15B). The slide allows the recognition and measurement of the spicule complement.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Spicules: long thin styles, short thin centrotylote styles, short thick styles, polyactines.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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Long thin styles, not frequent, invariably broken, longest fragment measured 1300
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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30
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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Short thin styles, wavy outline, faintly centrotylote, under light microscopy mostly looking smooth but occasionally some spines are visible on the pointed end and also in at least one spicule two spines on the rounded end, 272
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–313.2–">-313.2-</normalizedToken>
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355
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–3.4–">-3.4-</normalizedToken>
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5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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Short thick styles, smooth, curved rather strongly near the rounded end: 421
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–495.6–">-495.6-</normalizedToken>
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604
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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16
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–19.9–">-19.9-</normalizedToken>
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31
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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Polyactines (Fig. 15C), predominantly three-claded, but occasionally four-claded, with long basal clades with prominent recurved hook-like spines and with short, stub
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<pageBreakToken pageId="28" pageNumber="29" start="start">by</pageBreakToken>
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lateral cladi spined only at the bluntly rounded apices, basal cladi 104
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–114.2–">-114.2-</normalizedToken>
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126
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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11
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–14.8–">-14.8-</normalizedToken>
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21
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, lateral cladi 42
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–47.8–">-47.8-</normalizedToken>
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65
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–11.7–">-11.7-</normalizedToken>
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20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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Figure 15.
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon hamatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hamatum">Cyamon hamatum</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
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sensu
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<bibRefCitation author="Burton, M" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="299 - 358" title="Report on the shallow-water marine sponges in the collection of the Indian Museum, Part I." volume="34" year="1932">Burton and Rao 1932</bibRefCitation>
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), from S India, A slide BMNH 1931.1.1.19a, labeled '
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
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(Bow.) Ind. Mus. Coll.' in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Burton’s">Burton's</normalizedToken>
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handwriting B microphoto of section of skeleton made from the slide C characteristic polyactine with recurved hook-like spines on basal cladus and short stubby lateral cladi.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">The adjective hamatus (L.), means provided with hooks.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">South India.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">No data.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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It is with some hesitation that we decided to name this scanty material as a valid new species. Although measurements of the megascleres conform to or are close to those of
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
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, the shape and spination of the polyactines is distinctly different, as Burton & Rao already observed. With their strong hooks on the basal cladi and the peculiar short crowned lateral cladi the polyactines are different from any other known
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |