556 lines
60 KiB
XML
556 lines
60 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/megataxa.7.2.1" ID-ISSN="2703-3090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7441023" ID-ZooBank="2FD8C310-6486-4592-92F6-5EB894EBD6AC" checkinTime="1671098794254" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Scherz, Mark D., Crottini, Angelica, Hutter, Carl R., Hildenbrand, Andrea, Andreone, Franco, Fulgence, Thio Rosin, Köhler, Gunther, Ndriantsoa, Serge Herilala, Ohler, Annemarie, Preick, Michaela, Rakotoarison, Andolalao, Rancilhac, Loïs, Raselimanana, Achille P., Riemann, Jana C., Rödel, Mark-Oliver, Rosa, Gonçalo M., Streicher, Jeffrey W., Vieites, David R., Köhler, Jörn, Hofreiter, Michael, Glaw, Frank & Vences, Miguel" docDate="2022" docId="5F25F715FF99FF864F134ACF4FE179EE" docLanguage="en" docName="megataxa.7.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Megataxa 7 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6687412" docStyle="DocumentStyle:50B6B96D96A55C21793B52C23E95B310.3:Megataxa.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="50B6B96D96A55C21793B52C23E95B310" docStyleName="Megataxa.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Mantidactylus ambohimitombi subsp. marefo Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences 2022, ssp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="185" masterDocId="A31C8F6DFFDCFFCE4C394B044D497F0B" masterDocTitle="An inordinate fondness for inconspicuous brown frogs: integration of phylogenomics, archival DNA analysis, morphology, and bioacoustics yields 24 new taxa in the subgenus Brygoomantis (genus Mantidactylus) from Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="311" masterPageNumber="113" pageNumber="182" updateTime="1672856617530" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>An inordinate fondness for inconspicuous brown frogs: integration of phylogenomics, archival DNA analysis, morphology, and bioacoustics yields 24 new taxa in the subgenus Brygoomantis (genus Mantidactylus) from Madagascar</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Scherz, Mark D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Crottini, Angelica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485 - 661 Vairão, Portugal</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hutter, Carl R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-6381-6339</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Museum of Natural Sciences and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA Ễcarl. hutter @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6381 - 6339</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">USAỄcarl.hutter@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hildenbrand, Andrea</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Hauptstr. 13, 82234 Wessling, Germany Ễandrea @ gutachten-hildenbrand. de</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">GermanyỄandrea@gutachten-hildenbrand.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Andreone, Franco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Via G. Giolitti, 36, 10123 Torino, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fulgence, Thio Rosin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-7205-7282</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Natural and Environmental Sciences, Regional University Centre of the SAVA Region (CURSA), Antalaha, Madagascar Ễthiorosinf @ yahoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7205 - 7282</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">MadagascarỄthiorosinf@yahoo.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Köhler, Gunther</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ndriantsoa, Serge Herilala</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ohler, Annemarie</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Preick, Michaela</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rakotoarison, Andolalao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Mention Zoologie et Biodiversité Animale, Université d’Antananarivo, BP 906, Antananarivo, 101 Madagascar</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rancilhac, Loïs</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Raselimanana, Achille P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Mention Zoologie et Biodiversité Animale, Université d’Antananarivo, BP 906, Antananarivo, 101 Madagascar</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Riemann, Jana C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rödel, Mark-Oliver</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rosa, Gonçalo M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Streicher, Jeffrey W.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vieites, David R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Köhler, Jörn</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hofreiter, Michael</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Glaw, Frank</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vences, Miguel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Megataxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-12-15</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>7</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="issue">
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||
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>113</mods:start>
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<mods:end>311</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6687412</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/megataxa.7.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2703-3090</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7441023</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">2FD8C310-6486-4592-92F6-5EB894EBD6AC</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5F25F715FF99FF864F134ACF4FE179EE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F25F715FF99FF864F134ACF4FE179EE" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="185" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">
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<subSubSection box="[810,1345,459,485]" pageId="69" pageNumber="182" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="69.[810,1345,459,485]" box="[810,1345,459,485]" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences, 2022" authorityName="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2022" box="[810,1238,459,485]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="69" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ambohimitombi" status="ssp. nov." subSpecies="marefo">
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||
<emphasis box="[810,1238,459,485]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">Mantidactylus ambohimitombi marefo</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1245,1345,459,485]" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1245,1345,459,485]" pageId="69" pageNumber="182" rank="subSpecies">ssp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="182" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="69.[810,1452,523,2085]" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">
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<emphasis box="[810,1121,523,549]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">Identity and justification</emphasis>
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.—This lineage has been considered as confirmed candidate species
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<emphasis box="[1332,1362,556,581]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">M.</emphasis>
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sp. 20 by
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<bibRefCitation author="Vieites, D. R. & Wollenberg, K. C. & Andreone, F. & Glaw, F. & Vences, M." box="[848,1082,587,613]" pageId="69" pageNumber="182" pagination="8267 - 8272" refId="ref134563" refString="Vieites, D. R., Wollenberg, K. C., Andreone, F., K ˆ hler, J., Glaw, F. & Vences, M. (2009) Vast underestimation of Madagascar's biodiversity evidenced by an integrative amphibian inventory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 106, 8267 - 8272. https: // doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0810821106" type="journal article" year="2009">
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Vieites
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||
<emphasis box="[936,996,587,613]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(2009)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
and
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||
<emphasis box="[1143,1174,588,613]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">M.</emphasis>
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||
sp. Ca20 by
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Perl, R. G. B. & Nagy, Z. T. & Sonet, G. & Glaw, F. & Wollenberg, K. C. & Vences, M." pageId="69" pageNumber="182" pagination="197 - 206" refId="ref129051" refString="Perl, R. G. B., Nagy, Z. T., Sonet, G., Glaw, F., Wollenberg, K. C. & Vences, M. (2014) DNA barcoding Madagascar's amphibian fauna. Amphibia-Reptilia, 35, 197 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685381 - 00002942" type="journal article" year="2014">
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||
Perl
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<emphasis box="[1392,1452,587,613]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">et al.</emphasis>
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(2014)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. It was depicted as ‘
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||
<taxonomicName box="[1110,1308,619,645]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="69" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis box="[1110,1270,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">Mantidactylus</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName authority="Itremo" authorityName="Itremo" box="[1314,1451,619,645]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="69" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pauliani">
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aff.
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<emphasis box="[1358,1451,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">pauliani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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“Itremo”’ by
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<bibRefCitation author="Glaw, F. & Vences, M." box="[953,1223,651,677]" pageId="69" pageNumber="182" refId="ref125641" refString="Glaw, F. & Vences, M. (2007) A Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. Vences & Glaw Verlags GbR, Cologne, Germany, 496 pp. Third Edition." type="book" year="2007">Glaw and Vences (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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. It has been collected only at its
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<typeStatus box="[944,992,683,709]" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">type</typeStatus>
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locality, Itremo. It is characterized by rather aquatic habits and a morphology reminiscent of
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<taxonomicName box="[810,944,747,773]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="69" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pauliani">
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<emphasis box="[810,944,747,773]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">M. pauliani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with a short and rounded snout as in that species. Its mitochondrial DNA is near-identical to that of the nominal lineage,
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||
<emphasis box="[1046,1289,811,837]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">
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||
M. a.
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||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1919" box="[1113,1289,811,837]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="69" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ambohimitombi">ambohimitombi</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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||
(0.6–1.0 % pdistance) which, however, is morphologically distinct and also differs in Rag-1 haplotypes. Our phylogenomic tree confirms close relationships between this lineage and the one from Ankaratra, and for now we therefore consider a status of subspecies as adequate for the Itremo lineage, especially given that very little is known about its biology, since both its tadpoles and calls are unknown.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="183" pageId="69" pageNumber="182" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="69.[810,1452,523,2085]" lastBlockId="70.[136,778,1291,2085]" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="183" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">
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||
<emphasis box="[858,969,1068,1093]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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||
.—
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2022" box="[1003,1425,1067,1093]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="69" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ambohimitombi" subSpecies="marefo">
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||
<emphasis box="[1003,1425,1067,1093]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">Mantidactylus ambohimitombi marefo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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is a member of the
|
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<taxonomicName box="[995,1100,1100,1125]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="69" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">
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<emphasis box="[995,1100,1100,1125]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">M. curtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
clade, and direct sister group of
|
||
<emphasis box="[810,1057,1131,1157]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">
|
||
M. a.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1919" box="[877,1053,1131,1157]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="69" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ambohimitombi">ambohimitombi</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
See
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1113,1196,1131,1157]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="54.[134,222,490,516]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="TABLE 4. Summary of the most important diagnostic characters of species in the Mantidactylus subgenus Brygoomantis. SVL is given only based on reliably sexed specimens, summarised and rounded to the nearest mm from original measurements in Tables 5‒11. Dorsolateral ridges are always weakly expressed in Brygoomantis, but clearly visible in some species while completely absent in others. Dorsal skin rugosity is estimated from pictures in life and can appear different in preservative: 0, smooth; 1, finely granular; 2, coarsely granular / tubercular. Webbing at toe 5 is given as 0, half or less than half of one phalanx free of web, not counting terminal phalanx (corresponding to numbers 0–0.5 in webbing formula); 1, about one phalanx free of web (0.75–1.25); 2, more than one phalanx free of web (1.5–2). (Yes) in parentheses indicates that the respective character state is found in some individuals of the respective species, and often only weakly expressed, while it is missing in others. Lat.met., state of the lateral metatarsalia, either separated (sep.) by webbing or connected (conn.) by tissue. NM, no measurements available. *For the advertisement calls of M. katae sp. nov. and M. fergusoni sp. nov., homology of call components remains unclear. Here, each unit is interpreted as single–pulse call (= single-pulse note) arranged in series (under this definition the provided pulse rate reflects call rate), but it would also be possible to consider the entire vocalization as single-note multi-pulsed call with very long duration, containing very widely spaced pulses. Values for pulse rate (pulses/second) are rounded. We here evaluate the presence versus absence of regular call series (last column), where regular series are considered as such, if calls are emitted at really regular intervals in series of similar duration containing a more or less defined number of calls. # In M. ambohimitombi, several unsexed individuals of the type series, probably females, reach sizes of up to 65 mm, being the largest of all Brygoomantis known. †One female of M. biporus of 19.3 mm SVL is probably a not fully mature specimen; other females of the species measure 31–36 mm SVL." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/83F3168BFFEAFFF84CBF4AEE4C717C8F" pageId="69" pageNumber="182" tableUuid="83F3168BFFEAFFF84CBF4AEE4C717C8F">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
for a list of diagnostic morphological characters. The combination of smooth skin, strongly expressed foot webbing with a fully webbed fifth toe, small tympanum diameter of a maximum of 8% of SVL in males, short snout, and body size of
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="69" pageNumber="182" unit="mm" value="33.5" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="31.0">31–36 mm</quantity>
|
||
distinguishes
|
||
<emphasis box="[1019,1170,1291,1317]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">M. a. marefo</emphasis>
|
||
from the species of the other clades in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[995,1149,1324,1349]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="69" pageNumber="309" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Brygoomantis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[995,1149,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">Brygoomantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1171,1260,1323,1349]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="54.[134,222,490,516]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="TABLE 4. Summary of the most important diagnostic characters of species in the Mantidactylus subgenus Brygoomantis. SVL is given only based on reliably sexed specimens, summarised and rounded to the nearest mm from original measurements in Tables 5‒11. Dorsolateral ridges are always weakly expressed in Brygoomantis, but clearly visible in some species while completely absent in others. Dorsal skin rugosity is estimated from pictures in life and can appear different in preservative: 0, smooth; 1, finely granular; 2, coarsely granular / tubercular. Webbing at toe 5 is given as 0, half or less than half of one phalanx free of web, not counting terminal phalanx (corresponding to numbers 0–0.5 in webbing formula); 1, about one phalanx free of web (0.75–1.25); 2, more than one phalanx free of web (1.5–2). (Yes) in parentheses indicates that the respective character state is found in some individuals of the respective species, and often only weakly expressed, while it is missing in others. Lat.met., state of the lateral metatarsalia, either separated (sep.) by webbing or connected (conn.) by tissue. NM, no measurements available. *For the advertisement calls of M. katae sp. nov. and M. fergusoni sp. nov., homology of call components remains unclear. Here, each unit is interpreted as single–pulse call (= single-pulse note) arranged in series (under this definition the provided pulse rate reflects call rate), but it would also be possible to consider the entire vocalization as single-note multi-pulsed call with very long duration, containing very widely spaced pulses. Values for pulse rate (pulses/second) are rounded. We here evaluate the presence versus absence of regular call series (last column), where regular series are considered as such, if calls are emitted at really regular intervals in series of similar duration containing a more or less defined number of calls. # In M. ambohimitombi, several unsexed individuals of the type series, probably females, reach sizes of up to 65 mm, being the largest of all Brygoomantis known. †One female of M. biporus of 19.3 mm SVL is probably a not fully mature specimen; other females of the species measure 31–36 mm SVL." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/83F3168BFFEAFFF84CBF4AEE4C717C8F" pageId="69" pageNumber="182" tableUuid="83F3168BFFEAFFF84CBF4AEE4C717C8F">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). Within the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="69" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">M. curtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade, distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1180,1286,1355,1381]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="69" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alutus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1180,1286,1355,1381]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">M. alutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by absence of dorsolateral ridges, absence of frenal stripe, and a shorter snout; from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[954,1128,1419,1445]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="69" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madecassus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[954,1128,1419,1445]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">M. madecassus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by somewhat smaller body size, less contrasted dorsal pattern and single (vs bilobed) subarticular tubercles; from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1145,1281,1483,1509]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="69" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pauliani">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1145,1281,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">M. pauliani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by somewhat larger body size of males; from
|
||
<emphasis box="[1165,1403,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">
|
||
M. a.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1919" box="[1231,1403,1515,1541]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="69" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ambohimitombi">ambohimitombi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[810,938,1547,1573]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="69" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bourgati">
|
||
<emphasis box="[810,938,1547,1573]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">M. bourgati</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by smoother skin. Morphological distinction is most difficult from the sympatric
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1178,1284,1580,1605]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="69" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1178,1284,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">M. curtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which appears to have a slightly lighter dorsal colour, less aquatic habits, a more pointed snout and narrower head in most specimens; these differences are obvious when comparing several individuals in the field, but not immediately apparent from the measurements taken from preserved specimens. A further difference between
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2022" box="[1148,1451,1771,1797]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="69" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ambohimitombi" subSpecies="marefo">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1148,1451,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">M. ambohimitombi marefo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[863,975,1804,1829]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="69" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[863,975,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">M. curtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and probably all other
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1263,1420,1804,1829]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="69" pageNumber="309" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Brygoomantis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1263,1420,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">Brygoomantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the presence, in many individuals of this subspecies, of a bluish ring along the eye, particularly distinct posteriorly; this unique colour pattern is recognisable in life, and is not on the iris itself but on the skin surrounding the eye (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[869,958,1963,1990]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="71.[136,235,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,185,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-20@71.[189,1398,185,1891]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURE 15. Mantidactylus ambohimitombi marefo ssp. nov. from Itremo in life, in dorsolateral, ventral, and/or lateral view. (a,b,c) Probably adult male (holotype ZSM 762/2001 = FGMV 2001.493; note rather distinct, orange-coloured femoral glands), photographed in 2001. (d,e) Second specimen (probably corresponding to a voucher specimen preserved in UADBA), photographed in 2001. Note bluish partial ring around the eye in both individuals." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7441053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7441053/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). For detailed distinction from other new species or subspecies described herein, see the respective accounts. A full list of molecular diagnostic sites in the 16S gene of
|
||
<emphasis box="[955,1101,2059,2085]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="182">M. a. marefo</emphasis>
|
||
in pairwise comparisons to all other
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[202,359,1292,1317]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="70" pageNumber="309" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Brygoomantis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[202,359,1292,1317]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">Brygoomantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (and subspecies) is provided as Supplementary appendix.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7441051" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7441051" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7441051/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="183" startId="70.[136,235,1149,1173]" targetBox="[151,1435,186,1130]" targetPageId="70">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="70.[136,1451,1149,1206]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,275,1149,1173]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
|
||
Audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of one advertisement call of
|
||
<emphasis box="[1105,1445,1150,1174]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1895" box="[1105,1250,1150,1174]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="70" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Mantidactylus</taxonomicName>
|
||
a.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1919" box="[1286,1445,1150,1174]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="70" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ambohimitombi">ambohimitombi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, recorded on 16 February 2006 at Ankaratra. Recording bandpass-filtered at 220–6000 Hz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="70" pageNumber="183" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="70.[136,778,1291,2085]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="AY848217" collectingDate="2001-03-10" collectionCode="ZSM" collectorName="M. Vences; D. R. Vieites; L. Raharivololoniaina & D. Rakotomalala" country="Madagascar" latitude="-20.6022" location="Itremo" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-46.5711" pageId="70" pageNumber="183" specimenCode="2001.493" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amoron'i Mania Region" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis box="[184,282,1355,1381]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[184,282,1355,1381]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<collectionCode box="[316,372,1355,1381]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">ZSM</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[406,507,1355,1381]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">762/2001</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[548,629,1355,1381]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">FGMV</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[661,766,1355,1381]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">2001.493</specimenCode>
|
||
), adult male, collected by
|
||
<collectorName box="[441,568,1387,1413]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">M. Vences</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[589,732,1387,1413]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">D.R. Vieites</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName pageId="70" pageNumber="183">L. Raharivololoniaina</collectorName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectorName box="[397,577,1419,1445]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">D. Rakotomalala</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date box="[615,777,1419,1445]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183" value="2001-03-10">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[615,777,1419,1445]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183" value="2001-03-10">10 March 2001</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
in a small stream outside a forest patch at
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5F25F715FF99FF864F134ACF4FE179EE:D25310D8FF9AFF884E044EAF4FCD7ACE" box="[573,644,1451,1477]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-20.6022" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="46.5711" municipality="GenBank" name="Itremo" pageId="70" pageNumber="183" stateProvince="Amoron'i Mania Region">Itremo</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[657,773,1451,1477]" degrees="20.6022" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="70" pageNumber="183" precision="5" value="-20.6022">20.6022°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[136,265,1483,1510]" degrees="046.5711" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="70" pageNumber="183" precision="5" value="46.5711">046.5711°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1648 m a.s.l.),
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[481,774,1483,1509]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">Amoron’i Mania Region</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[136,267,1515,1541]" name="Madagascar" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. A 16S barcode sequence of the holotype is available from GenBank (accession
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[521,644,1547,1573]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AY848217" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">AY848217</accessionNumber>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="70.[136,778,1291,2085]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<emphasis box="[184,298,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[184,298,1580,1605]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.—A total of
|
||
<specimenCount box="[440,484,1579,1605]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">five</specimenCount>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2001-03-10" collectionCode="ZSM" collectorName="M. Vences; D. R. Vieites; L. Raharivololoniaina & D. Rakotomalala" country="Madagascar" elevation="1648" latitude="-20.6022" location="Antsirakambiaty forest" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="46.5711" municipality="Itremo." pageId="70" pageNumber="183" specimenCode=" FGMV 2001.492, FGMV 2001.476, FGMV 2001.478, FGMV 2001.495" specimenCount="5" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[489,601,1579,1605]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode box="[609,667,1579,1605]" collectionName="Germany, Muenchen [= Munich], Zoologische Staatssammlung" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">ZSM</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[672,778,1579,1605]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">761/2001</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[144,227,1611,1637]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">FGMV</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[240,350,1611,1637]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">2001.492</specimenCode>
|
||
), adult female, and
|
||
<collectionCode box="[600,658,1611,1637]" collectionName="Germany, Muenchen [= Munich], Zoologische Staatssammlung" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">ZSM</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[672,778,1611,1638]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">759/2001</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[144,227,1643,1669]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">FGMV</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[237,347,1643,1669]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">2001.476</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectionCode box="[370,428,1643,1669]" collectionName="Germany, Muenchen [= Munich], Zoologische Staatssammlung" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">ZSM</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[438,545,1643,1669]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">760/2001</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[563,646,1643,1669]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">FGMV</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[656,766,1643,1669]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">2001.478</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectionCode box="[136,194,1675,1701]" collectionName="Germany, Muenchen [= Munich], Zoologische Staatssammlung" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">ZSM</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[206,311,1675,1701]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">763/2001</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[331,414,1675,1701]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">FGMV</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[425,535,1675,1702]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">2001.495</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<specimenCount box="[558,743,1675,1701]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of unknown sex and maturity, with the same collection data as the holotype;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-11-29" collectionCode="MRSN, FAZC" collectorName="F. Andreone & J. E. Randrianirina" country="Madagascar" location="Antsirakambiaty forest" longLatPrecision="7" municipality="Itremo." pageId="70" pageNumber="183" specimenCode="A6747, 14047" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[329,408,1739,1765]" collectionName="Italy, Torino, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">MRSN</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[417,493,1739,1765]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">A6747</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[510,582,1739,1765]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">FAZC</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[591,665,1739,1765]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">14047</specimenCode>
|
||
), putative female, collectd by
|
||
<collectorName box="[354,489,1771,1797]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">F. Andreone</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName box="[542,744,1771,1797]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">J.E. Randrianirina</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date box="[136,352,1803,1829]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183" value="2008-11-29">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[136,352,1803,1829]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183" value="2008-11-29">
|
||
29 November
|
||
<quantity box="[296,381,1803,1829]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.10032" pageId="70" pageNumber="183" unit="in" value="2008.0">
|
||
<quantity box="[296,352,1803,1829]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.10032" pageId="70" pageNumber="183" unit="in" value="2008.0">2008</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5F25F715FF99FF864F134ACF4FE179EE:D25310D8FF9AFF884DBB4C0F4FCE782E" box="[386,647,1803,1829]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-20.6022" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="46.5711" municipality="Itremo." name="Antsirakambiaty forest" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">Antsirakambiaty forest</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[658,740,1803,1829]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">Itremo.</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="185" pageId="70" pageNumber="183" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="70.[136,778,1291,2085]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<emphasis box="[184,541,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[445,541,1835,1861]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.—Adult specimen, probably a male, in mediocre state of preservation (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[144,218,1899,1925]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="52.[136,235,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,206,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-35@52.[151,1436,198,1753]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 9. Preserved holotypes of newly named species and subspecies in the M. curtus clade. Scale bars equal 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7441041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7441041/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Part of right thigh muscle removed as tissue sample, and a longitudinal cut made on venter for gonad examination. Body rather slender. Head as wide as body.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="70.[136,778,1291,2085]" lastBlockId="70.[810,1452,1291,2085]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">Snout rounded in dorsal view; snout and head overall very short. Nostrils directed laterally, not protuberant. Nostrils nearer to tip of the snout than to eye. Canthus rostralis not clearly recognisable. Loreal region weakly concave. Tympanum recognisable, rounded, its horizontal diameter about 71% of eye diameter. Supratympanic fold present, beginning straight, and gently bending midway towards forelimb insertion. Tongue ovoid and bifid. Maxillary teeth present. Vomerine teeth not recognisable; maybe traces of vomerine teeth partly covered by tissue lateral to choanae. Choanae rounded. Subarticular tubercles single.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="70.[810,1452,1291,2085]" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">Inner and outer metacarpal tubercles present. Fingers without webbing. Relative length of fingers: I<II=IV<III. Finger discs slightly enlarged. Nuptial pads absent. Foot distinctly longer than tibia (114%). Lateral metatarsalia separated. Inner metatarsal tubercle present, outer metatarsal tubercle not clearly recognisable. Webbing formula: 1(0.25), 2i(1), 2e(0.25), 3i(1), 3e(0.5), 4i(1.5), 4e(1.5), 5(0.5). Relative length of toes: I<II<V=III<IV. Skin on the upper surface smooth in preservative with some scattered larger granules; in life similar. No dorsolateral folds. Ventral side smooth. Femoral glands present only as rather distinct proximal granular gland field whereas an obvious distal ulcerous macrogland appears to be missing.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="70.[810,1452,1291,2085]" lastBlockId="72.[136,778,171,1765]" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="185" pageId="70" pageNumber="183">Colour in preservative: dorsally uniformly brown with a light vertebral line. Weakly recognisable slightly darker crossbands on limbs. Ventrally dirty beigebrownish without clear pattern. Himdlimbs dorsally brown with light mottling. Colour in life similar to that in preservative. Dorsal side dark greyish-brown. Femoral glands light orange.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7441053" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7441053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7441053/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="184" startId="71.[136,235,1910,1934]" targetBox="[189,1398,185,1891]" targetPageId="71">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="71.[136,1452,1910,2031]" pageId="71" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,275,1910,1934]" pageId="71" pageNumber="184">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences, 2022" authorityName="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2022" box="[284,677,1911,1935]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="71" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ambohimitombi" status="ssp. nov." subSpecies="marefo">
|
||
<emphasis box="[284,677,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="184">Mantidactylus ambohimitombi marefo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[686,779,1911,1935]" pageId="71" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[686,779,1911,1935]" pageId="71" pageNumber="184" rank="subSpecies">ssp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from Itremo in life, in dorsolateral, ventral, and/or lateral view. (a,b,c) Probably adult male (holotype ZSM 762/2001 = FGMV 2001.493; note rather distinct, orange-coloured femoral glands), photographed in 2001. (d,e) Second specimen (probably corresponding to a voucher specimen preserved in UADBA), photographed in 2001. Note bluish partial ring around the eye in both individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="72.[136,778,171,1765]" pageId="72" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis box="[184,288,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="185">Variation</emphasis>
|
||
.—Variation in measurements is given in
|
||
<tableCitation box="[170,260,299,326]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="59.[134,222,467,493]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="TABLE 5. Morphometric measurements (all in mm) of voucher specimens of the Mantidactylus curtus clade. Type status is given in square brackets after voucher number: HT, holotype; PT, paratype; LT, lectotype; PLT, paralectotype. An asterisk (*) marks lectotypes designated in the current paper. For abbreviations of measurements, see Materials and Methods. All specimens are probable adults, but sex is difficult to ascertain externally in many species of this clade due to weak expression of femoral glands in male specimens, and is therefore only given for some specimens where gonad examination was possible. NM, not measured. # Measurements taken by Gavetti and Andreone (1993)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/83F3168BFFE7FFF54CBF4AD74A627D52" pageId="72" pageNumber="185" tableUuid="83F3168BFFE7FFF54CBF4AD74A627D52">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
. See
|
||
<figureCitation box="[331,416,299,326]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="71.[136,235,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,185,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-20@71.[189,1398,185,1891]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURE 15. Mantidactylus ambohimitombi marefo ssp. nov. from Itremo in life, in dorsolateral, ventral, and/or lateral view. (a,b,c) Probably adult male (holotype ZSM 762/2001 = FGMV 2001.493; note rather distinct, orange-coloured femoral glands), photographed in 2001. (d,e) Second specimen (probably corresponding to a voucher specimen preserved in UADBA), photographed in 2001. Note bluish partial ring around the eye in both individuals." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7441053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7441053/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="185">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
for colouration in life and its variation. The apparent absence of vomerine teeth in this subspecies could be of taxonomic value but is here (
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="54.[134,222,490,516]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="TABLE 4. Summary of the most important diagnostic characters of species in the Mantidactylus subgenus Brygoomantis. SVL is given only based on reliably sexed specimens, summarised and rounded to the nearest mm from original measurements in Tables 5‒11. Dorsolateral ridges are always weakly expressed in Brygoomantis, but clearly visible in some species while completely absent in others. Dorsal skin rugosity is estimated from pictures in life and can appear different in preservative: 0, smooth; 1, finely granular; 2, coarsely granular / tubercular. Webbing at toe 5 is given as 0, half or less than half of one phalanx free of web, not counting terminal phalanx (corresponding to numbers 0–0.5 in webbing formula); 1, about one phalanx free of web (0.75–1.25); 2, more than one phalanx free of web (1.5–2). (Yes) in parentheses indicates that the respective character state is found in some individuals of the respective species, and often only weakly expressed, while it is missing in others. Lat.met., state of the lateral metatarsalia, either separated (sep.) by webbing or connected (conn.) by tissue. NM, no measurements available. *For the advertisement calls of M. katae sp. nov. and M. fergusoni sp. nov., homology of call components remains unclear. Here, each unit is interpreted as single–pulse call (= single-pulse note) arranged in series (under this definition the provided pulse rate reflects call rate), but it would also be possible to consider the entire vocalization as single-note multi-pulsed call with very long duration, containing very widely spaced pulses. Values for pulse rate (pulses/second) are rounded. We here evaluate the presence versus absence of regular call series (last column), where regular series are considered as such, if calls are emitted at really regular intervals in series of similar duration containing a more or less defined number of calls. # In M. ambohimitombi, several unsexed individuals of the type series, probably females, reach sizes of up to 65 mm, being the largest of all Brygoomantis known. †One female of M. biporus of 19.3 mm SVL is probably a not fully mature specimen; other females of the species measure 31–36 mm SVL." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/83F3168BFFEAFFF84CBF4AEE4C717C8F" pageId="72" pageNumber="185" tableUuid="83F3168BFFEAFFF84CBF4AEE4C717C8F">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
) not included in the table of diagnostic characters as it may be variable; small aggregations of vomerine teeth recognisable in ZSM 759/2001 (in general, vomerine teeth in the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[214,325,492,517]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="72" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[214,325,492,517]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="185">M. curtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade are present in all species except
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[136,313,523,549]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="72" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madecassus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[136,313,523,549]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="185">M. madecassus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[379,516,523,549]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="72" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pauliani">
|
||
<emphasis box="[379,516,523,549]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="185">M. pauliani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="72" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ambohimitombi" subSpecies="marefo">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="185">Mantidactylus ambohimitombi marefo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
most closely resembles). In general, specimens have a characteristic appearance with a rounded and short snout, differing from most individuals of the nominal subspecies
|
||
<emphasis box="[436,679,651,677]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="185">
|
||
M. a.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1919" box="[503,679,651,677]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="72" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ambohimitombi">ambohimitombi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, but this character is poorly reflected in the available measurements (e.g.
|
||
<tableCitation box="[194,280,715,741]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="54.[134,222,490,516]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="TABLE 4. Summary of the most important diagnostic characters of species in the Mantidactylus subgenus Brygoomantis. SVL is given only based on reliably sexed specimens, summarised and rounded to the nearest mm from original measurements in Tables 5‒11. Dorsolateral ridges are always weakly expressed in Brygoomantis, but clearly visible in some species while completely absent in others. Dorsal skin rugosity is estimated from pictures in life and can appear different in preservative: 0, smooth; 1, finely granular; 2, coarsely granular / tubercular. Webbing at toe 5 is given as 0, half or less than half of one phalanx free of web, not counting terminal phalanx (corresponding to numbers 0–0.5 in webbing formula); 1, about one phalanx free of web (0.75–1.25); 2, more than one phalanx free of web (1.5–2). (Yes) in parentheses indicates that the respective character state is found in some individuals of the respective species, and often only weakly expressed, while it is missing in others. Lat.met., state of the lateral metatarsalia, either separated (sep.) by webbing or connected (conn.) by tissue. NM, no measurements available. *For the advertisement calls of M. katae sp. nov. and M. fergusoni sp. nov., homology of call components remains unclear. Here, each unit is interpreted as single–pulse call (= single-pulse note) arranged in series (under this definition the provided pulse rate reflects call rate), but it would also be possible to consider the entire vocalization as single-note multi-pulsed call with very long duration, containing very widely spaced pulses. Values for pulse rate (pulses/second) are rounded. We here evaluate the presence versus absence of regular call series (last column), where regular series are considered as such, if calls are emitted at really regular intervals in series of similar duration containing a more or less defined number of calls. # In M. ambohimitombi, several unsexed individuals of the type series, probably females, reach sizes of up to 65 mm, being the largest of all Brygoomantis known. †One female of M. biporus of 19.3 mm SVL is probably a not fully mature specimen; other females of the species measure 31–36 mm SVL." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/83F3168BFFEAFFF84CBF4AEE4C717C8F" pageId="72" pageNumber="185" tableUuid="83F3168BFFEAFFF84CBF4AEE4C717C8F">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
), probably due to an idiosyncratic variation of various landmarks and proportions in each individual.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="72.[136,778,171,1765]" pageId="72" pageNumber="185">
|
||
Possibly a slight size dimorphism, with males (
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.275" metricValueMax="3.46" metricValueMin="3.09" pageId="72" pageNumber="185" unit="mm" value="32.75" valueMax="34.6" valueMin="30.9">30.9–34.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL, n=4) slightly smaller than the single available female (
|
||
<quantity box="[227,329,843,870]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.59" pageId="72" pageNumber="185" unit="mm" value="35.9">35.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL, n=1). Femoral glands in probable male specimens (e.g. the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[423,523,875,901]" pageId="72" pageNumber="185">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) were rather distinctly recognisable by their light orange colour in life (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="71.[136,235,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,185,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-20@71.[189,1398,185,1891]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURE 15. Mantidactylus ambohimitombi marefo ssp. nov. from Itremo in life, in dorsolateral, ventral, and/or lateral view. (a,b,c) Probably adult male (holotype ZSM 762/2001 = FGMV 2001.493; note rather distinct, orange-coloured femoral glands), photographed in 2001. (d,e) Second specimen (probably corresponding to a voucher specimen preserved in UADBA), photographed in 2001. Note bluish partial ring around the eye in both individuals." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7441053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7441053/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="185">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
) but not very prominent or distinct, and preserved specimens are therefore difficult to sex as seems to be typical in several taxa of the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[459,567,1004,1029]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="72" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[459,567,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="185">M. curtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="72" pageNumber="185" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="72.[136,778,171,1765]" pageId="72" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis box="[184,354,1035,1061]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="185">Natural history</emphasis>
|
||
.—Specimens were collected at Itremo in syntopy with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[308,412,1068,1093]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="72" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[308,412,1068,1093]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="185">M.curtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species that is morphologically similar based on standard morphometric measurements taken herein (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[293,378,1131,1158]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="59.[134,222,467,493]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="TABLE 5. Morphometric measurements (all in mm) of voucher specimens of the Mantidactylus curtus clade. Type status is given in square brackets after voucher number: HT, holotype; PT, paratype; LT, lectotype; PLT, paralectotype. An asterisk (*) marks lectotypes designated in the current paper. For abbreviations of measurements, see Materials and Methods. All specimens are probable adults, but sex is difficult to ascertain externally in many species of this clade due to weak expression of femoral glands in male specimens, and is therefore only given for some specimens where gonad examination was possible. NM, not measured. # Measurements taken by Gavetti and Andreone (1993)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/83F3168BFFE7FFF54CBF4AD74A627D52" pageId="72" pageNumber="185" tableUuid="83F3168BFFE7FFF54CBF4AD74A627D52">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
), but were immediately recognised in the field due to their distinctive habitus and aquatic habits. While
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[294,403,1196,1221]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="72" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[294,403,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="185">M. curtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were typically found at the edge of small streams in an area of low-canopy gallery forest, and also in streams within fragments of closed forest,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="185">M. a. marefo</emphasis>
|
||
was always found fully submerged in relatively deep pools of the stream (approximately
|
||
<quantity box="[626,742,1323,1350]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="185" unit="cm" value="40.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="30.0">30–50 cm</quantity>
|
||
of depth), outside of dense forest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="72" pageNumber="185" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="72.[136,778,171,1765]" pageId="72" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis box="[184,243,1387,1413]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="185">Calls</emphasis>
|
||
.—The call of this subspecies has not been recorded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="72.[136,778,171,1765]" pageId="72" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis box="[184,316,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="185">Tadpoles.—</emphasis>
|
||
The tadpole of this subspecies has not been described.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="72" pageNumber="185" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="72.[136,778,171,1765]" pageId="72" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis box="[184,353,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="185">Distribution.—</emphasis>
|
||
Apparently microendemic to the Itremo massif (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[306,374,1547,1573]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="49.[136,235,1996,2020]" captionTargetBox="[252,1336,200,1976]" captionTargetId="figure-20@49.[252,1336,200,1976]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 7. Mantidactylus subgenus Brygoomantis species distribution based on verified records, divided by clade (Mantidactylus stelliger sp. nov. is presented alongside the inaudax clade for practicality). Colours for species correspond to those in Figs 2 and 4. Inset map shows the geographic regions of Madagascar identified by Boumans et al. (2007), referred to throughout the text." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7441037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7441037/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="185">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Elevation range: ~
|
||
<quantity box="[601,687,1547,1573]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.648" pageId="72" pageNumber="185" unit="m" value="1648.0">1648 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="72" pageNumber="185" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="72.[136,778,171,1765]" pageId="72" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis box="[184,334,1579,1605]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="185">Etymology.—</emphasis>
|
||
The subspecies name is derived from the Malagasy adjective marefo, meaning ‘weak’, and refers to the surprisingly weak mitochondrial genetic divergence from its sister lineage
|
||
<emphasis box="[422,682,1675,1701]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="185">
|
||
M. a.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1919" box="[506,682,1675,1701]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="72" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ambohimitombi">ambohimitombi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
despite substantial morphological and ecological differences. The subspecies name is used as a noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |