treatments-xml/data/5F/04/59/5F0459E14BC65E6AACA4D9890AC9584A.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.955.51983" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45a98afc-af5a-4734-93d1-205e1ac3694b" ID-PMC="PMC7423785" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-955-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F7018CF19C6158309D57C83A2F5E9478" ID-PubMed="32855592" ID-ZooBank="C8EF4A4B6F054621B9B5AE47FEE7C217" ModsDocID="1313-2970-955-1" checkinTime="1596691600214" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Grego, Jozef, Mumladze, Levan, Falniowski, Andrzej, Osikowski, Artur, Rysiewska, Aleksandra, Palatov, Dimitry M. &amp; Hofman, Sebastian" docDate="2020" docId="5F0459E14BC65E6AACA4D9890AC9584A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 955: 1-77" docOrigin="ZooKeys 955" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.955.51983" docTitle="Pontohoratia vinarskii Grego &amp; Mumladze 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="785C454A-73B0-4C37-AAB4-A9989B268236" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="F7018CF19C6158309D57C83A2F5E9478" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="F7018CF19C6158309D57C83A2F5E9478" masterDocTitle="Revealing the stygobiotic and crenobiotic molluscan biodiversity hotspot in Caucasus: Part I. The phylogeny of stygobiotic Sadlerianinae Szarowska, 2006 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Hydrobiidae) from Georgia with descriptions of five new genera and twenty-one new species" masterLastPageNumber="77" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169198162" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revealing the stygobiotic and crenobiotic molluscan biodiversity hotspot in Caucasus: Part I. The phylogeny of stygobiotic Sadlerianinae Szarowska, 2006 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Hydrobiidae) from Georgia with descriptions of five new genera and twenty-one new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Grego, Jozef</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Horna Micina 219, 97401, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mumladze, Levan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Zoology, Ilia State University, Kakutsa Cholokashvili Ave 3 / 5, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2172-6973</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Falniowski, Andrzej</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Malacology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387, Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Osikowski, Artur</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24 / 28, 30 - 059, Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6646-2687</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">a.osikowski@urk.edu.pl</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rysiewska, Aleksandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Malacology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387, Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Palatov, Dimitry M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Hydrobiology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 1 - 12 Leninskie Gory, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hofman, Sebastian</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387, Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>955</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>77</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.955.51983</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.955.51983</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-955-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C8EF4A4B6F054621B9B5AE47FEE7C217</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">F7018CF19C6158309D57C83A2F5E9478</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="166096039" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:785C454A-73B0-4C37-AAB4-A9989B268236" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F0459E14BC65E6AACA4D9890AC9584A" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="5F0459E1-4BC6-5E6A-ACA4-D9890AC9584A" authority="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pontohoratia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pontohoratia vinarskii" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vinarskii" status="sp. nov.">Pontohoratia vinarskii Grego &amp; Mumladze</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Plate 19" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Plate 19. 1 - 5 Pontohoratia vinarskii sp. nov.: Samegrelo, Chkhorotsku, Letsurtsume Cave, specimens used for molecular and anatomical study. The numbers correspond to individuals. Photograph A. Falniowski." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.955.51983.plate19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/439186" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Plates 19</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 16. A, B Pontohoratia vinarskii sp. nov.: Samegrelo, Chkhorotsku, Nazodelavo Cave, morphology of penis C, D P. pichkhaiai sp. nov.: Samegrelo, Chkhorotsku, Shisha Spring, morphology of penis E, F P. mapeli. sp.: Samegrelo, Kanti, Mapeli Spring, morphology of penis. Photograph A. Falniowski and A. Rysiewska; drawing A. Falniowski." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.955.51983.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/439188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">(1-5); 20(1, 2, 8, 9); Fig. 16A, B</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Georgia • Samegrelo, Chkhorotsku, Letsurtsume, Letsurtsume Cave (ლეწურწუმეს 
<normalizedToken originalValue="მღვიმე">მღვიმე</normalizedToken>
); 
<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="21" value="42.539165">42°32'21&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="48" value="42.11333">42°06'48&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; 180 m a.s.l; sandy sediment in the cave stream bottom.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.955.51983.plate19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/439186" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Plate 19" startId="F34">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Plate 19.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1-5</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pontohoratia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pontohoratia vinarskii" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vinarskii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pontohoratia vinarskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.: Samegrelo, Chkhorotsku, Letsurtsume Cave, specimens used for molecular and anatomical study. The numbers correspond to individuals. Photograph A. Falniowski.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
: Georgia • 1 adult, dry; type locality; 02 May 2018; J. Grego, L. Mumladze and M. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Olšavský">Olsavsky</normalizedToken>
leg.; ISU FM-T023-H. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes</emphasis>
: Georgia • same as for holotype; ISU FM-T023-P1/350 dry and 18 wet, P2/10 dry, SBMNH 633077/5 dry, NHMW 113377/3 dry, HNHM 104686/3 dry, NHMUK 20191341/3 dry, NHMB 563974/3 dry, SMF 358934/3 dry, ZMH 140638/3 dry, MNHN-IM-2016-7902, ZIN 1/505-2020/3 dry, coll. JG F1046/350 dry and 18 wet, JG F1047/10 dry, coll. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Glöer">Gloeer</normalizedToken>
/1 dry. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other material</emphasis>
: Georgia • Samegrelo, Chkhorotsku, Garakha, Savekuo Cavern, mud sediments in the spring pond; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="23" value="42.50639">42°30'23&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="46" value="42.146114">42°08'46&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; 240 m a.s.l.; 12 June 2019; H. Reip leg.; coll. F. Walther/243 dry, coll. JG/20 dry.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.955.51983.plate20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/439187" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Plate 20" startId="F36">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Plate 20.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1, 2</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pontohoratia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pontohoratia vinarskii" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vinarskii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pontohoratia vinarskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., Samegrelo, Chkhorotsku, Letsurtsume, Letsurtsume Cave: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</emphasis>
holotype 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</emphasis>
paratype 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pichkhaiai" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pichkhaiai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. pichkhaiai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., Samegrelo, Mukhuri, Shisha Spring, holotype 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Hausdorfenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hausdorfenia pseudohauffenia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pseudohauffenia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hausdorfenia pseudohauffenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., Racha, Zemo Krikhi, Krikhula Spring, holotype 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. shareula" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="shareula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. shareula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., Racha, Nikortsmintha, Tsivtskala 2 Spring near power station in the Shareula valley, holotype 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. mapeli" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mapeli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. mapeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., Samegrelo, Mukhuri, Kanti, Mapeli Spring, holotype 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. pseudohauffenia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pseudohauffenia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. pseudohauffenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., Racha, Zemo Krikhi, Krikhula Spring; aberrant specimen 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8, 9</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. vinarskii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vinarskii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. vinarskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., Samegrelo, Chkhorotsku, Letsurtsume, Letsurtsume Cave: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8</emphasis>
morphotype 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9</emphasis>
live specimen with marked carbonate incrustations. The numbers correspond to individuals, and the letters represent the different views of the same individual. Photograph J. Grego.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The new species differs from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. smyri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="smyri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. smyri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Vinarski, Palatov &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Glöer">Gloeer</normalizedToken>
, 2014 by its more elevated spire and by a proportionally smaller and more ovate aperture. The geographically close 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. pichkhaiai" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pichkhaiai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. pichkhaiai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. mapeli" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mapeli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. mapeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. have similar shells, but both are flatter and have much smaller rounded apertures.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shell</emphasis>
: flat, discoid with elevated spire and flat apex. Diameter 1.31-1.58 mm. Umbilicus widely opened. The 
<normalizedToken originalValue="2¾">23/4</normalizedToken>
whorls are separated by a deeply cut sulcus. Shell transparent whitish colour with smooth surface and almost invisible growth lines. Oval aperture with axis declined towards columella. Peristome smooth without any folds. Lateral profile of the labrum is slightly angled towards the body whorl at its upper side, where attached by a narrow furrow. Protoconch surface regularly weakly pitted on the nuclear portion and abapically smooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Operculum</emphasis>
: orange coloured circular, translucent, with central nucleus, thickened at its centre, but without peg on its inner side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Animal body</emphasis>
: whitish, not pigmented, eyeless.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype measurements</emphasis>
: H-1.08 mm; W-1.47 mm; BH-0.87 mm; BW-1.00 mm; AH-0.63 mm; AW-0.55 mm; CA: -20°.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anatomy</emphasis>
: the penis (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 16. A, B Pontohoratia vinarskii sp. nov.: Samegrelo, Chkhorotsku, Nazodelavo Cave, morphology of penis C, D P. pichkhaiai sp. nov.: Samegrelo, Chkhorotsku, Shisha Spring, morphology of penis E, F P. mapeli. sp.: Samegrelo, Kanti, Mapeli Spring, morphology of penis. Photograph A. Falniowski and A. Rysiewska; drawing A. Falniowski." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.955.51983.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/439188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16A, B</figureCitation>
) simple, broad and blunt, without any outgrowth.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.955.51983.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/439188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 16" startId="F35">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 16.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pontohoratia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pontohoratia vinarskii" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vinarskii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pontohoratia vinarskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.: Samegrelo, Chkhorotsku, Nazodelavo Cave, morphology of penis 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pichkhaiai" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pichkhaiai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. pichkhaiai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.: Samegrelo, Chkhorotsku, Shisha Spring, morphology of penis 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. mapeli" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mapeli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. mapeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. sp.: Samegrelo, Kanti, Mapeli Spring, morphology of penis. Photograph A. Falniowski and A. Rysiewska; drawing A. Falniowski.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Named after renowned Russian malacologist Maxim V. Vinarski, Saint-Petersburg State University, Russia, who contributed significantly to Eurasian freshwater 
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="phylum">Mollusca</taxonomicName>
studies as well as to the study of southwestern Caucasus freshwater 
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="phylum">Mollusca</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Stygobiotic species. See habitat of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasopsis letsurtsume" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="letsurtsume">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasopsis letsurtsume</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Only known from the type locality.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The number of known locations (2) is no more than 5 and EOO is smaller than 20 km2. There is no reason to suppose that AOO, EOO, number of locations, number of subpopulations or the number or mature individuals are declining however due to its extremely small EOO we assessed as Vulnerable (VU) D2.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The shell morphology of the new species within the type locality varies considerably from almost flat shells to specimens with elevated spired and a more conical shell shape. Similar variability in the shell shape had been observed in the sympatric 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Caucasopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caucasopsis letsurtsume" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="letsurtsume">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caucasopsis letsurtsume</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. It is curious whether both extreme variabilities could have the same environmental driver in the locality or if it could be a result of a parasitism. Many individuals are densely covered by calcareous inorganic precipitates, and some of them resemble a grain of sand without a recognisable shell shape. The operculum may also be densely covered by inorganic incrustations (Plate 
<figureCitation captionStart="Plate 20" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Plate 20. 1, 2 Pontohoratia vinarskii sp. nov., Samegrelo, Chkhorotsku, Letsurtsume, Letsurtsume Cave: 1 holotype 2 paratype 3 P. pichkhaiai sp. nov., Samegrelo, Mukhuri, Shisha Spring, holotype 4 Hausdorfenia pseudohauffenia sp. nov., Racha, Zemo Krikhi, Krikhula Spring, holotype 5 H. shareula sp. nov., Racha, Nikortsmintha, Tsivtskala 2 Spring near power station in the Shareula valley, holotype 6 P. mapeli sp. nov., Samegrelo, Mukhuri, Kanti, Mapeli Spring, holotype 7 H. pseudohauffenia sp. nov., Racha, Zemo Krikhi, Krikhula Spring; aberrant specimen 8, 9 P. vinarskii sp. nov., Samegrelo, Chkhorotsku, Letsurtsume, Letsurtsume Cave: 8 morphotype 9 live specimen with marked carbonate incrustations. The numbers correspond to individuals, and the letters represent the different views of the same individual. Photograph J. Grego." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.955.51983.plate20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/439187" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">20</figureCitation>
(9)).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>