169 lines
18 KiB
XML
169 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="3D02F19D83A24161572617866CAB5341" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="efaaff94-5840-43da-b0f8-960cf6019cf8" ModsDocID="z00287p001" checkinTime="1246633761297" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="James S. Albert & William G. R. Crampton" docDate="2003" docId="16D75A5EB37670ACA8EEBBAD823D78AE" docLanguage="en" docName="2003_Albert_Crampton_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 287" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:19CA5B52-4CA5-45CC-A4C7-B234596A8470" docTitle="Gymnotus esmeraldas Albert & Crampton, 2003, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="48B8827A5885C5F6BDE72CC2E6AFA433" masterDocTitle="Seven new species of the Neotropical electric fish Gymnotus (Teleostei, Gymnotiformes) with a redescription of G. carapo (Linnaeus)." masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1701313890373" updateUser="plazi">
|
|
<mods:mods id="9B74BEC2BCD02E4F4F530939FBA8A710" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="0552E602B447B4F8F189433C4F5E379D">
|
|
<mods:title id="CD9942A1B5FB49486A2F1CDA3DE5E975">Seven new species of the Neotropical electric fish Gymnotus (Teleostei, Gymnotiformes) with a redescription of G. carapo (Linnaeus).</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="BB60B8F935257D70F0413E085FC9359C" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="30DDCBBFD000C399286588383F46BE18">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="08A2B216EDE76BD43721049EA6B7A52C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="18F6848ED609CC5E3F4984934E8A1CDE">James S. Albert</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="997F0E4AE3356B94D9E7CBFB1578E1DC" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="3BBE6ED4C784D430AD4A70E6DFC4F9EC">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="A2F4007AA8E375A8A8EE16C634BE1B60">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="0C7EE6313DBB93CD94694EEAB3D09853">William G. R. Crampton</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="65C43B44F73ED2038FA4332F84DC85A1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="C13D1E69B51857A0DAEFC306F9A01ACE" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="182AB8F67483E464BDC7263EB06EF568">
|
|
<mods:title id="8B12F24FEB0C6D0EAB673C3EAA77FF8E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="DF0EB6C303780172D4604994F2613699">
|
|
<mods:date id="CA7E9876C19BCEA62CE5290CA2017427">2003</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="BFBB181C2821092C8F8820A7505DA901" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="48C7128659836C190C865E363356AE87">287</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="B325A75253ABC3B4A5EE2A688A9DF0BC" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="BF576C505416AB0CB139148D3BD9B802">1</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="43A2E85528653D69D721B465E21BC72C">54</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location id="361F1F936DABFDBD32CD22AEF5015777">
|
|
<mods:url id="5E3472BA06F29F5461A0F45D16313985">http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:19CA5B52-4CA5-45CC-A4C7-B234596A8470</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification id="02003171E1BCAC7C6D4157A706060782">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="405207E9758C40EA59ABED453A94E1ED" type="Plazi-Custom">z00287p001</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="16D75A5EB37670ACA8EEBBAD823D78AE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6273860" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100122803" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6273860" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C72371EB-1F36-4B31-BB09-939C3D801A08" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/16D75A5EB37670ACA8EEBBAD823D78AE" lastPageNumber="32" pageNumber="30">
|
|
<subSubSection id="F087CD3C8E24574394BBC3BE2A6053FB" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="61FC2D66FC8468227DE8BA08D17A97E2" pageNumber="30">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C92CCA747093E9FAE33C7609F5296297" ID-CoL="3HVMG" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C72371EB-1F36-4B31-BB09-939C3D801A08" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus esmeraldas Albert & Crampton 2003:30" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="esmeraldas">Gymnotus esmeraldas</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="172DDAB2FE9D9F32740118CA75BED292" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
Albert and Crampton
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="761A51ABBDE8E939F2C25CCDE7578FEF" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="69E6ACC6DF8AAF317D7A0A94ABB3AFA5" pageNumber="30">(Fig. 5, Tables 2 and 3)</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="112762F6707C84F28035DEC269BE0D8C" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="6AD2E483FBD8CF57D7286EC7B7CC7A39" pageNumber="30">
|
|
<materialsCitation id="820F610C9C76F4215684CDCA1E834A54" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923930771" country="Ecuador">
|
|
<typeStatus id="11FED114A96ED7FC91C9012E45DDC9DA">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
|
:
|
|
<collectionCode id="AA17152A3CC06B76D6AD1AF66B972479" collectionName="USA, Massachusetts, Cambridge, Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology">MCZ</collectionCode>
|
|
58729, 296 mm, collected 18 June, 1977, at Hoja Blanca nr. San Miguel,
|
|
<normalizedToken id="C5EB57E38253E2ECE53FD9250D8859B6" originalValue="Ríos">Rios</normalizedToken>
|
|
Cayapas,
|
|
<normalizedToken id="C02F80A67BE359E0A4174E4552988FFB" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|
Esmeraldas drainage,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="A29EDE10B7D6D51591A1ED8D621B24EA">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="0E51E1A925A4ABC322EC115E61E0CBC3" direction="north" orientation="latitude" value="1.0833334">01°05'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="591DA337820CE9519EE9F546F3A1BE89" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-79.05">79°03'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
) by K. Miyata and A. Rankis.
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="78A87D78D8A11E5BF277BEEA9EFAD854" pageNumber="30">
|
|
<materialsCitation id="6B90348863310FE7ED34AFA06D4CD3C4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923930777" country="Ecuador">
|
|
<typeStatus id="7B7D36275820B77626A3031079F0AE46">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
|
:
|
|
<collectionCode id="FD8145D1A7A4DF7290A85B5965FFD9F8" collectionName="USA, Massachusetts, Cambridge, Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology">MCZ</collectionCode>
|
|
162745 (4), 200-309 mm; collected with holotype.
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="DB3E4A3935DCE620A6353D280208E482" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph id="2A373325BC5B1C7E2690DCFE6542E0C3" pageNumber="30">
|
|
Nontypes: 2 lots with 3 specimens, all collected in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="2532FC61E77BD8EDB0D5175D46C9467A">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
|
.
|
|
<materialsCitation id="6F4881CC92253743BDCA1E18CDCC532C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923930775" country="Ecuador">
|
|
<collectionCode id="D70BC4B9D8193580E8E5246D2148622F" collectionName="USA, California, San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences">CAS</collectionCode>
|
|
164103 (1), 355 mm, 01 December, 1949, nr. mouth of
|
|
<normalizedToken id="2AABA6145CD977A29400217CDFB939A6" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|
Quinide,
|
|
<normalizedToken id="98F10EC85FB8B632C27C437C0F3EC0B1" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|
Toachi,
|
|
<normalizedToken id="C9F6AB567CDC42418B2CDEF84C3D8CE1" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|
Blanco,
|
|
<normalizedToken id="9E97859FF0C4B6933A9AD3E8CD4A33F7" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|
Esmeraldas drainage.
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
<materialsCitation id="16BC87FA004CD58B1ACC1D6EF5B3BCA3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923930779" country="Ecuador" stateProvince="Los Rios Department">
|
|
<collectionCode id="0D0A41F73A935B8D95EDD1516A004458" collectionName="USA, Illinois, Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History (also used by Finnish Museum of Natural History)">FMNH</collectionCode>
|
|
92041 (2), 229-288 mm, 31 July, 1974 nr. Station 16,
|
|
<normalizedToken id="2DDEFEDC43D9833E204D67BC0F6939A1" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|
Palenque Biological Station,
|
|
<collectingRegion id="F243F7005C4EE488AA876B587058AADE">Los Rios Department</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<normalizedToken id="CB409A44B8E52E9384DFF4691805D170" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|
Guayaquil drainage.
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="4DCAF3BE97C9EF618B83B207659B50A6" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph id="BD3F0FABC9649D92C4016804A41EECD8" lastPageNumber="31" pageNumber="30">
|
|
Diagnosis.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CA3370C679AC360D722412F17A06A45F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C72371EB-1F36-4B31-BB09-939C3D801A08" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus esmeraldas Albert & Crampton 2003:30" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="esmeraldas">Gymnotus esmeraldas</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be distinguished from all species of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B610A115B4FC6EFBCFA0CBD6031E6DA4" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5F46381A-E70B-478D-9692-D0720712B71B" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758:246" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carapo">G. carapo</taxonomicName>
|
|
species-group except
|
|
<taxonomicName id="90121AEE3597195ACD657E29CDFB0A3C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5F049C40-F046-4B6A-9B58-5EE5DC5FD878" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus bahianus Campos-da-Paz & Costa 1996:938" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bahianus">G. bahianus</taxonomicName>
|
|
by the absence of alternating dark and light pigment bands on the anterior 80% of the body. Specimens in the type series of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EC3FBF11D65E4CDF196F394C71311AD9" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C72371EB-1F36-4B31-BB09-939C3D801A08" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus esmeraldas Albert & Crampton 2003:30" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="esmeraldas">G. esmeraldas</taxonomicName>
|
|
from the
|
|
<normalizedToken id="794444D75FBC9B366E032AA90D34510F" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|
Esmeraldas basin possess a unique speckled color pattern composed of irregular pale yellow or cream-colored patches interspersed on a dark brown ground color over most body and anal-fin surfaces, in which the pale pigment patches are about 2-3 scales in width and height.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1A555171A3C1C78B6F628D5E4FF2DBEB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C72371EB-1F36-4B31-BB09-939C3D801A08" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus esmeraldas Albert & Crampton 2003:30" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="esmeraldas">Gymnotus esmeraldas</taxonomicName>
|
|
is most similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69F623431E76BF759CF01C78CF1D6C63" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="henni">G. henni</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CAC0FE478F65D2241AD2D4CCCE306E93" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
(see below) from the
|
|
<normalizedToken id="6B12C691415262F358F9135BC51E54D7" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|
Calima on the Pacific Slope of Colombia, from which it can be distinguished by: 1, reticulated color pattern without bands on the majority of the body surface and without pale blotches on the head (vs. presence of 13-16 pigment bands and pale blotches on the head]; 2, body shape laterally compressed (BW 58-77% BD [mean 69%, n=8] vs. 77-87% [mean 80%, n=7]); 3, moderate number of pored lateral-line scales to first ventral ramus (PLR 51-54 [median 52, n=8] vs. 59-68 [median 62, n=7]). In addition to color differences,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E0BF75DDF5269442DCAB5D513CBE11AC" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C72371EB-1F36-4B31-BB09-939C3D801A08" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus esmeraldas Albert & Crampton 2003:30" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="esmeraldas">G. esmeraldas</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41A65935A517A7ACB1755E95D5E61D77" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5F049C40-F046-4B6A-9B58-5EE5DC5FD878" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus bahianus Campos-da-Paz & Costa 1996:938" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bahianus">G.bahianus</taxonomicName>
|
|
by: 1, a more slender body (BD 8.2-9.8% HL [mean 8.8%, n=8] vs. 9.3-13.3% [mean 11.1, n=21]); 2, more pectoralfin rays (P1R 17-19 [mode 17, n=8] vs. 15-16 [mode 16, n=6]); 3, a longer preanal region (PA 82-98% HL [mean 92%, n=8] vs. 76-97% [mean 85%, n=22]); 4, elongate (vs. circular) scales (SAL 8-9 [mode 8, n=8] vs. 6-7 [mode 7, n=16]); and 5, broader electric organ with more rows of electroplates (CEP 4-5 [mode 5, n=8] vs. 3-4 [mode 4, n=6]).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DE4943AF94FC10894697EBE7903BA50B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C72371EB-1F36-4B31-BB09-939C3D801A08" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus esmeraldas Albert & Crampton 2003:30" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="esmeraldas">Gymnotus esmeraldas</taxonomicName>
|
|
can further be distinguished from congeners by the unique combination of character states provided in Table 4.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="034E233564D575D1BDE9159FA5B6BE17" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="66FAA4691A8C2043F12597F58FDABE59" pageNumber="31">Description. Fig. 5 illustrates head and body shape and pigment patterns. Morphometric data in Table 2 and meristic data in Table 3. Size up to 309 mm. Size at reproductive maturity and sexual dimorphism unknown. Scales present on entire post-cranial portion of body from nape to caudal appendage. Scales above lateral line large, 8-9 to dorsal midline at midbody. Most scales on body moderately elongate, scales above lateral line at midbody approximately 2-3 times as long as deep, their proportional elongation increasing with body size. Gape size in mature specimens large, extending to or beyond posterior nares. Mouth position superior, rictus decurved. Eye position below horizontal with front of mouth. Anterior narial pore partially or entirely included within gape. Circumorbital series ovoid. Caudal appendage short, less 0.5 times length of pectoral fin. Single hypaxial electric organ, extending along entire ventral margin of body. Electric organ discharge not known. Many osteological features not known due to paucity of specimens for clearing and staining; some character states were determined from radiographs. Dorsoposterior laterosensory ramus of preopercle with two superficial pores. Displaced hemal spines absent. Multiple anal-fin ray branching posterior to rays 10-17. Length of anal-fin pterygiophores equal to or longer than hemal spines.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="279FD29D57E991EBB2B735E30BA612AD" pageNumber="31">Color in alcohol. Ground color of body pale brown with slight countershading, and chromatophores concentrated along dorsum near midline. Body with 6-10 very irregular dark bands with wavy margins or broken to blotches restricted to the posterior 20% of body. Pigment bands not apparent on anterior 80% of post-cranial body, coloration composed here of irregularly distributed pigment patches in a reticulate pattern of cream-colored and dark brown areas over body and anal-fin surfaces. Pigment patches about 2-4 scale-diameters across, with dark and light patches summing to approximately equal total surface areas in region over hypaxial musculature.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="7FFBE0DA31B243F90EF3CB95312E32ED" lastPageNumber="32" pageNumber="31">Head ground-color dark chocolate dorsally, without blotches, pale yellow ventrally. Dark regions on dorsal surface of head composed of numerous dark brown chromatophores with even pigment densities. Branchiostegal membranes and ventral surface of head almost without pigments. Pectoral-fin interradial membranes dusky or hyaline. Color of anal-fin membrane graded along body axis, from light brown or hyaline anteriorly to dark brown or black posteriorly, with short, obliquely oriented hyaline and dark stripes near fin base in posterior-most region.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="969188FF5D0CC7EC92C72575F3F58FA9" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="0CEDADF4A806C910DCDCE8C5A0F396A9" pageNumber="32">
|
|
Distribution. Known from two river basins on Pacific Slope of Ecuador; the
|
|
<normalizedToken id="33E82DECF25BAB50FE2F1ACD2F512B52" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|
Esmeraldas and
|
|
<normalizedToken id="09D311C31B6AC45F6F1C13A478D92FD0" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|
<normalizedToken id="67A0866B9A5F6C319DDEE982AF1EFC1E" originalValue="Palenqué">Palenque</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Guayaquil basin (Fig. 4).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="01FA4D6AB59361CD5B80A1AFA24EDFE1" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph id="235491758E1B4168AC46B402AEC40C0E" pageNumber="32">Common name. Unknown.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="43E74C17749308E7C08BADF666458173" pageNumber="32">
|
|
Etymology. Specific epithet in allusion to the
|
|
<normalizedToken id="E4ABA96F3C13E7A11B09025049F7E104" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|
Esmeraldas. A noun in apposition.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="523E17048063D67F29A4525A2A063B0C" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="34C1EAA51457B575D59CBDB700023A21" pageNumber="32">
|
|
Remarks. Specimens referred to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="11ABCE6C0D6DEB41D03C05C358F146FE" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C72371EB-1F36-4B31-BB09-939C3D801A08" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus esmeraldas Albert & Crampton 2003:30" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="esmeraldas">G. esmeraldas</taxonomicName>
|
|
from the
|
|
<normalizedToken id="248F5EC2218EC48AA0F8918DA410821F" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|
Guayaquil basin are uniformly dark brown (without speckles or reticulated pattern).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |