333 lines
49 KiB
XML
333 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document id="ED81EFB1BDECB1B2AA64926E26D607DD" ID-CLB-Dataset="72867" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2022.2046887" ID-GBIF-Dataset="93716e8b-7637-4345-8eaf-ecb3984baa19" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6530252" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1652081793889" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Valois, Marcely C., Silva, Fernando A. B. & Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z." docDate="2022" docId="03F487FF47734D089A49FA02FBA8FA31" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.56.1-4.119-147.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 56 (1 - 4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2046887" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Dichotomius (Selenocopris) femoratus Howden and Young 1981" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="135" masterDocId="FFCDFF87477D4D189B42FF9DFF91FFE2" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the globulus species group of Dichotomius Hope, 1838 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)" masterLastPageNumber="147" masterPageNumber="119" pageNumber="133" updateTime="1699329890315" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="84711199460731CEA23FAF31FD1B7A69">A taxonomic revision of the globulus species group of Dichotomius Hope, 1838 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C66D0ADAE6D98C6FE2C8E76569362086">Valois, Marcely C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B9AACABCDB619814B109022A4BEF7BF9">Silva, Fernando A. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B5377500A61136BFE891D299B0E34EF1">Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03F487FF47734D089A49FA02FBA8FA31" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6645866" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195913545" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6645866" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F487FF47734D089A49FA02FBA8FA31" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F487FF47734D089A49FA02FBA8FA31" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
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<subSubSection id="C347656247734D169A49FA02FB89FA5B" box="[267,1048,1439,1465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE236E947734D169A49FA02FB89FA5B" blockId="14.[267,1048,1439,1465]" box="[267,1048,1439,1465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
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<heading id="D0AA818547734D169A49FA02FB89FA5B" box="[267,1048,1439,1465]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D6A47734D169A49FA02FB89FA5B" ID-CoL="35NBN" authority="Howden and Young, 1981" authorityName="Howden and Young" authorityYear="1981" box="[267,1048,1439,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femoratus" subGenus="Selenocopris">
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<emphasis id="B929EAFB47734D169A49FA02FD4DFA5B" bold="true" box="[267,732,1439,1465]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Dichotomius (Selenocopris) femoratus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B1847734D1699A6FA02FB89FA5B" author="Howden H & Young OP" box="[740,1048,1439,1465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref14900" refString="Howden H, Young OP. 1981. Panamanian Scarabaeinae: taxonomy, distributio, and habits (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Contrib Am Entomol Inst. 18 (1): 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1981">Howden and Young, 1981</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C347656247734D169AC8FA76FC08F9E7" box="[394,921,1515,1541]" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE236E947734D169AC8FA76FC08F9E7" blockId="14.[394,921,1515,1541]" box="[394,921,1515,1541]" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13662A6C47734D169AD0FA76FE6BF9E7" box="[402,506,1515,1541]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1665,1688]" captionTargetBox="[195,1140,661,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-144@4.[163,1153,646,1634]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Dorsal habitus of male. (a) Dichotomius benesi; (b) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (c) D. femoratus; (d) D. fortepunctatus; (e) D. gamboaensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530254/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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(c), 3(a,e,h,k,l), 4(e,f), 5(d,e,j), and 6)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C347656247734D169B9FF9BDFC6AF9B9" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE236E947734D169B9FF9BDFC6AF9B9" blockId="14.[221,1127,1568,1627]" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFC10F847734D169B9FF9BDFCABF9DB" author="Howden H & Young OP" box="[221,826,1568,1593]" page="128" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" year="1981">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D6A47734D169B9FF9BDFCABF9DB" ID-CoL="35NBN" authority="Howden and Young 1981: 128" authorityName="Howden and Young" authorityPageNumber="128" authorityYear="1981" box="[221,826,1568,1593]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femoratus">
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<emphasis id="B929EAFB47734D169B9FF9BDFE4AF9DB" box="[221,475,1568,1593]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Dichotomius femoratus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B1847734D169AA0F9BDFCABF9DB" author="Howden H & Young OP" box="[482,826,1568,1593]" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref14900" refString="Howden H, Young OP. 1981. Panamanian Scarabaeinae: taxonomy, distributio, and habits (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Contrib Am Entomol Inst. 18 (1): 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1981">Howden and Young 1981: 128</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFC10F847734D169807F9BDFC69F9DB" author="Krajcik M" box="[837,1016,1568,1593]" page="53" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" year="2006">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B1847734D169807F9BDFC69F9DB" author="Krajcik M" box="[837,1016,1568,1593]" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 189" refId="ref14964" refString="Krajcik M. 2006. Checklist of Scarabaeoidea of the World. 1. Scarabaeinae. Animma. X. Supplement 3: 1 - 189." type="journal article" year="2006">Krajcik 2006: 53</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFC10F847734D169F40F9BDFBF2F9DB" author="Krajcik M" box="[1026,1123,1568,1593]" page="91" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" year="2012">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B1847734D169F40F9BDFBF2F9DB" author="Krajcik M" box="[1026,1123,1568,1593]" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" pagination="278" refId="ref14991" refString="Krajcik M. 2012. Checklist of the World Scarabaeoidea. Anima. X Supplement 5: 278." type="journal article" year="2012">2012: 91</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFC10F847734D169A6BF9DFFDF3F9B9" author="Solis A & Kohlmann B" box="[297,610,1602,1627]" page="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" year="2012">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B1847734D169A6BF9DFFDF3F9B9" author="Solis A & Kohlmann B" box="[297,610,1602,1627]" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref15591" refString="Solis A, Kohlmann B. 2012. Checklist and distribution atlas of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa. 3482 (1): 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="2012">Solis and Kohlmann 2012: 6</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFC10F847734D16992CF9DFFC69F9B9" author="Vaz-de-Mello FZ & Nunes RV" box="[622,1016,1602,1627]" page="299" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" year="2016">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B1847734D16992CF9DFFC69F9B9" author="Vaz-de-Mello FZ & Nunes RV" box="[622,1016,1602,1627]" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" pagination="294 - 300" refId="ref15886" refString="Vaz-de-Mello FZ, Nunes RV. 2016. New species, redescription and taxonomic notes in the Dichotomius (Selenocopris) batesi (Harold) species-group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa. 4139 (2): 294 - 300." type="journal article" year="2016">Vaz-de-Mello and Nunes 2016: 299</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C347656247724D179BE2FF13FCAFFD52" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BE236E947724D179BE2FF13FE85FF4A" blockId="15.[160,1156,142,688]" box="[160,276,142,168]" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">
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<emphasis id="B929EAFB47724D179BE2FF13FE85FF4A" bold="true" box="[160,276,142,168]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE236E947724D179BE2FF2FFCAFFD52" blockId="15.[160,1156,142,688]" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">
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Among the species in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D6A47724D179A87FF2FFDB0FF29" baseAuthorityName="Felsche" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[453,545,178,203]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globulus">
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<emphasis id="B929EAFB47724D179A87FF2FFDB0FF29" box="[453,545,178,203]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">globulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group,
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D6A47724D17993AFF2FFC92FF29" authorityName="Howden and Young" authorityYear="1981" box="[632,771,178,203]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femoratus">
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<emphasis id="B929EAFB47724D17993AFF2FFC92FF29" box="[632,771,178,203]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">D. femoratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a central American species with records in
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<collectingCountry id="F34A767947724D179A54FF49FE19FF0F" box="[278,392,212,237]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B1847724D179AD7FF49FD22FF0F" author="Solis A & Kohlmann B" box="[405,691,212,237]" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref15591" refString="Solis A, Kohlmann B. 2012. Checklist and distribution atlas of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa. 3482 (1): 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="2012">Solis and Kohlmann 2012</bibRefCitation>
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) and
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<collectingCountry id="F34A767947724D1799B1FF49FCC1FF0F" box="[755,848,212,237]" name="Panama" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Panama</collectingCountry>
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, in this latter country being found in sympatry with
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D6A47724D179AFFFF6AFDFEFEF2" authorityName="Howden and Young" authorityYear="1981" box="[445,623,247,272]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gamboaensis">
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<emphasis id="B929EAFB47724D179AFFFF6AFDFEFEF2" box="[445,623,247,272]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">D. gamboaensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13662A6C47724D1799C3FF6AFD71FEF2" box="[641,736,247,272]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1704,1727]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,1194,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-255@9.[163,1153,1194,1672]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Known distribution of species of the globulus group." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530264/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Figure 6</figureCitation>
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). However,
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D6A47724D17982FFF6AFC6DFEF2" authorityName="Howden and Young" authorityYear="1981" box="[877,1020,247,272]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femoratus">
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<emphasis id="B929EAFB47724D17982FFF6AFC6DFEF2" box="[877,1020,247,272]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">D. femoratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the only known species of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D6A47724D179AEBFE87FD97FED1" baseAuthorityName="Felsche" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[425,518,282,307]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globulus">
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<emphasis id="B929EAFB47724D179AEBFE87FD97FED1" box="[425,518,282,307]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">globulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group of which both males and females have elytral interstriae distinctly convex, smooth medially with shagreened microsculpture along the lateral edges near striae (
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<figureCitation id="13662A6C47724D179AADFEC2FDDFFE9A" box="[495,590,351,376]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[160,226,1467,1490]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,1432]" captionTargetId="figure-3@6.[163,1153,142,1435]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Detailed morphology of the species in the globulus group. (a) Ventral view of male, Dichotomius femoratus; (b) ventral view of male, D. gamboaensis; (c) male head, D. fortepunctatus; (d) female head, D. gamboaensis; (e) pronotum of male, D. femoratus; (f) pronotum of male, D. fortepunctatus; (g) elytral striae of male, D. fortepunctatus; (h) elytral striae (Estria) of male (ShMicro, shagreened microsculpture), D. femoratus; (i) elytral striae of male, D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (j) male abdominal ventrites in ventral view, D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (k) male abdominal ventrites in ventral view, D. femoratus; (l) female abdominal ventrites in lateral view, D. femoratus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530258/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Figure 3</figureCitation>
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(h), ShMicro). Other species of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D6A47724D179898FEC2FBA7FE9A" baseAuthorityName="Felsche" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[986,1078,351,376]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globulus">
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<emphasis id="B929EAFB47724D179898FEC2FBA7FE9A" box="[986,1078,351,376]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">globulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group have almost the entire surface of elytral interstriae covered with shagreened microsculpture, except by small, smooth dots usually concentrated along the medial portion of the interstrial surface. Additional charaters useful to distinguish
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D6A47724D179809FE5AFC49FE02" authorityName="Howden and Young" authorityYear="1981" box="[843,984,455,480]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femoratus">
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||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB47724D179809FE5AFC49FE02" box="[843,984,455,480]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">D. femoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from others in the group are: body elongate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A6C47724D179940FE77FDCAFDE1" box="[514,603,490,515]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1665,1688]" captionTargetBox="[195,1140,661,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-144@4.[163,1153,646,1634]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Dorsal habitus of male. (a) Dichotomius benesi; (b) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (c) D. femoratus; (d) D. fortepunctatus; (e) D. gamboaensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530254/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(c)); male clypeal teeth triangular and upturned, separated by deep V-shaped emargination; frons and gena covered with sparse ocellate punctures, spaced by their diameter; clypeofrontal region transversally elevated, bearing a central knob truncated at the apex; pronotal disc sparsely punctate, punctures irregularly spaced (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A6C47724D179A70FDE9FE1CFD6F" box="[306,397,628,653]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[160,226,1467,1490]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,1432]" captionTargetId="figure-3@6.[163,1153,142,1435]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Detailed morphology of the species in the globulus group. (a) Ventral view of male, Dichotomius femoratus; (b) ventral view of male, D. gamboaensis; (c) male head, D. fortepunctatus; (d) female head, D. gamboaensis; (e) pronotum of male, D. femoratus; (f) pronotum of male, D. fortepunctatus; (g) elytral striae of male, D. fortepunctatus; (h) elytral striae (Estria) of male (ShMicro, shagreened microsculpture), D. femoratus; (i) elytral striae of male, D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (j) male abdominal ventrites in ventral view, D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (k) male abdominal ventrites in ventral view, D. femoratus; (l) female abdominal ventrites in lateral view, D. femoratus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530258/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
(e)); anterior declivity of pronotum as long as one-third the pronotal length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A6C47724D179BBAFD0AFEDEFD52" box="[248,335,663,688]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1665,1688]" captionTargetBox="[195,1140,661,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-144@4.[163,1153,646,1634]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Dorsal habitus of male. (a) Dichotomius benesi; (b) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (c) D. femoratus; (d) D. fortepunctatus; (e) D. gamboaensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530254/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(c)); pygidium slightly angulate at the apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C347656247724D089BE2FD41FCFAFD6F" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236E947724D179BE2FD41FE03FD14" blockId="15.[160,1157,732,1728]" box="[160,402,732,758]" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB47724D179BE2FD41FE03FD14" bold="true" box="[160,402,732,758]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Redescription (male)</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236E947724D089BE2FD62FCFAFD6F" blockId="15.[160,1157,732,1728]" lastBlockId="16.[160,1156,142,653]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB47724D179BE2FD62FEA2FCFA" bold="true" box="[160,307,767,792]" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Body length</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="4CA59B0C47724D179A03FD62FE2AFCFA" box="[321,443,767,792]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="13.0">13–14 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Dorsum black, shiny on head, pronotum and medial region of interstriae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A6C47724D179A62FCBFFEE9FCD9" box="[288,376,802,827]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1665,1688]" captionTargetBox="[195,1140,661,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-144@4.[163,1153,646,1634]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Dorsal habitus of male. (a) Dichotomius benesi; (b) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (c) D. femoratus; (d) D. fortepunctatus; (e) D. gamboaensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530254/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(c)).
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB47724D179AECFCBFFE7DFCD9" bold="true" box="[430,492,802,827]" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: clypeal edge bidentate, teeth acute, separated by a deep V-shaped emargination. Clypeogenal junction notched. Clypeal surface almost smooth, with scattered ocellate punctures posteriorly and slightly transverse ridges near anterior edge. Cephalic process forming a low transverse carina with a small central tubercle, emarginate at the apex. Antennal club with light brown tumescence.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB47724D1798F3FC30FB94FC24" bold="true" box="[945,1029,941,966]" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: pronotum approximately twice wider than long. Pronotal disc convex, anteromedian region with a shallow central excavation; surface with sparse ocellate punctures spaced by their diameter or more. Mid-longitudinal sulcus well impressed, filled with ocellate punctures. Whole surface of hypomera covered with ocellate punctures, anterior and lateral regions with punctures bearing short orange setae. Prosternum filled with ocellate punctures. Mesoventrite filled with ocellate punctures usually bearing short orange setae. Metaventrite surface with ocellate punctures, except on disc; punctures on anterior region usually bearing short orange setae. Meso-metaventral suture distinct. Anterior lobe of metaventrite half the length of metafemora. Metaventrite with mid-longitudinal sulcus indistinct. Lateral lobes of metaventrite with ocellate punctures larger than those on anterior region.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB47724D179A14FAB7FE0DFAA1" bold="true" box="[342,412,1322,1347]" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Elytra</emphasis>
|
||
: slightly convex in lateral view. Humeral callus distinct. Striae thin and with ill-defined punctures, spaced by twice their diameter.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB47724D179818FAD0FC00FA84" bold="true" box="[858,913,1357,1382]" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
: protibial spur curved at apical fifth. Metatibial spur deeply emarginate apically. Ventral surface of the profemora covered with coarse setiferous punctures concentrated on apical half. Ventral surface of the meso and metafemora almost smooth, apex with indistinct ocellate punctures. Meso and metafemora bearing a thin longitudinal groove along apical half, usually present along the basal half, but feebly marked.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB47724D1799CFFA67FC95F9F1" bold="true" box="[653,772,1530,1555]" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: ventrites covered with ocellate punctures at lateral regions, medial region in a single row along anterior edge. Sixth abdominal ventrite as long as fifth, flat, lacking tubercle medially. Pygidium slightly wider than long, triangular. Surface of the pygidial disc with ocellate punctures concentrated along anterior half, and spaced by half their diameter. Apex of the pygidium margined.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB47724D179BE2F93AFE90F922" bold="true" box="[160,257,1703,1728]" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Tegmen</emphasis>
|
||
: in dorsal view, paramera rectangular, one-third longer than its width medially, apex rounded; inner edge curved outward along its entire length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A6C476D4D0898C1FF13FC4EFF45" box="[899,991,142,167]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1113,1136]" captionTargetBox="[172,1143,152,1079]" captionTargetId="figure-135@7.[163,1153,142,1082]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Tegmen, dorsal and ventral views,respectively. (a,b) Dichotomius benesi; (c,d) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (e,f) D. femoratus; (g,h) D. fortepunctatus; (i,j) D. gamboaensis. Scale bar: 500 µm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530260/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
(e)). Apical half significantly narrower than base in lateral view. Dorsal surface of paramera smooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A6C476D4D089BEAFF49FE97FF0F" box="[168,262,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1113,1136]" captionTargetBox="[172,1143,152,1079]" captionTargetId="figure-135@7.[163,1153,142,1082]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Tegmen, dorsal and ventral views,respectively. (a,b) Dichotomius benesi; (c,d) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (e,f) D. femoratus; (g,h) D. fortepunctatus; (i,j) D. gamboaensis. Scale bar: 500 µm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530260/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
(e)). Ventral sclerotised membrane between paramera thinner at basal fourth; slightly angulate at lateral portions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A6C476D4D089908FF6BFD3BFEED" box="[586,682,246,271]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1113,1136]" captionTargetBox="[172,1143,152,1079]" captionTargetId="figure-135@7.[163,1153,142,1082]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Tegmen, dorsal and ventral views,respectively. (a,b) Dichotomius benesi; (c,d) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (e,f) D. femoratus; (g,h) D. fortepunctatus; (i,j) D. gamboaensis. Scale bar: 500 µm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530260/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
(f)).
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB476D4D08999AFF6BFCFCFEED" bold="true" box="[728,877,246,271]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">Endophallus</emphasis>
|
||
: ME inferior projections separated by a broad V-shaped emargination (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A6C476D4D0899E9FE84FC99FED0" box="[683,776,281,306]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1177,1200]" captionTargetBox="[164,1149,143,1139]" captionTargetId="figure-128@8.[163,1153,142,1145]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Endophallites. (a) Dichotomius benesi, endophallus with endophallites, dorsal view. Medial endophallite: (b) D. benesi; (c) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (d,e) D. femoratus; (f) D. fortepunctatus; (g) D. gamboaensis. Accessory endophallites: (h) D. benesi; (i) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (j) D. femoratus; (k) D. fortepunctatus; (l) D. gamboaensis. Abbreviations: FLP, fronto-lateral peripherical endophallite; A +SA, subaxial and axial endophallites; SRP, superior-right peripheral endophallite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530262/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
(d)). ME with a feeble longitudinal fold in the median inferior region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A6C476D4D08996AFEA1FD15FEB7" box="[552,644,316,341]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1177,1200]" captionTargetBox="[164,1149,143,1139]" captionTargetId="figure-128@8.[163,1153,142,1145]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Endophallites. (a) Dichotomius benesi, endophallus with endophallites, dorsal view. Medial endophallite: (b) D. benesi; (c) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (d,e) D. femoratus; (f) D. fortepunctatus; (g) D. gamboaensis. Accessory endophallites: (h) D. benesi; (i) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (j) D. femoratus; (k) D. fortepunctatus; (l) D. gamboaensis. Abbreviations: FLP, fronto-lateral peripherical endophallite; A +SA, subaxial and axial endophallites; SRP, superior-right peripheral endophallite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530262/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
(e)). A and SA endophallites thin, C-shaped in lateral view; SA endophallite with reticulate texture inferiorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A6C476D4D089819FEC3FC29FE95" box="[859,952,350,375]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1177,1200]" captionTargetBox="[164,1149,143,1139]" captionTargetId="figure-128@8.[163,1153,142,1145]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Endophallites. (a) Dichotomius benesi, endophallus with endophallites, dorsal view. Medial endophallite: (b) D. benesi; (c) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (d,e) D. femoratus; (f) D. fortepunctatus; (g) D. gamboaensis. Accessory endophallites: (h) D. benesi; (i) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (j) D. femoratus; (k) D. fortepunctatus; (l) D. gamboaensis. Abbreviations: FLP, fronto-lateral peripherical endophallite; A +SA, subaxial and axial endophallites; SRP, superior-right peripheral endophallite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530262/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
(j)). FLP endophallite C-shaped in lateral right view, inferior region shorter than superior one; surface of the C-shaped region with irregular projections (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A6C476D4D0899D3FE39FD61FE5F" box="[657,752,420,445]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1177,1200]" captionTargetBox="[164,1149,143,1139]" captionTargetId="figure-128@8.[163,1153,142,1145]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Endophallites. (a) Dichotomius benesi, endophallus with endophallites, dorsal view. Medial endophallite: (b) D. benesi; (c) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (d,e) D. femoratus; (f) D. fortepunctatus; (g) D. gamboaensis. Accessory endophallites: (h) D. benesi; (i) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (j) D. femoratus; (k) D. fortepunctatus; (l) D. gamboaensis. Abbreviations: FLP, fronto-lateral peripherical endophallite; A +SA, subaxial and axial endophallites; SRP, superior-right peripheral endophallite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530262/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
(j)). SRP endophallite approximately C-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A6C476D4D089A5CFE5BFE13FE3D" box="[286,386,454,479]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1177,1200]" captionTargetBox="[164,1149,143,1139]" captionTargetId="figure-128@8.[163,1153,142,1145]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Endophallites. (a) Dichotomius benesi, endophallus with endophallites, dorsal view. Medial endophallite: (b) D. benesi; (c) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (d,e) D. femoratus; (f) D. fortepunctatus; (g) D. gamboaensis. Accessory endophallites: (h) D. benesi; (i) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (j) D. femoratus; (k) D. fortepunctatus; (l) D. gamboaensis. Abbreviations: FLP, fronto-lateral peripherical endophallite; A +SA, subaxial and axial endophallites; SRP, superior-right peripheral endophallite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530262/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
(j)).
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB476D4D089AEDFE5BFD97FE3D" bold="true" box="[431,518,454,479]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">Female</emphasis>
|
||
: differs from male by clypeal teeth larger and acute, separated by a deep V-shaped emargination. Clypeal surface with well-defined transverse wrinkles. Pronotum lacking distinct anterior declivity; mid-longitudinal sulcus distinct. Sixth abdominal ventrite as long as fifth, bearing a knob medially
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A6C476D4D08983EFDB3FC4AFDA5" box="[892,987,558,583]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[160,226,1467,1490]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,1432]" captionTargetId="figure-3@6.[163,1153,142,1435]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Detailed morphology of the species in the globulus group. (a) Ventral view of male, Dichotomius femoratus; (b) ventral view of male, D. gamboaensis; (c) male head, D. fortepunctatus; (d) female head, D. gamboaensis; (e) pronotum of male, D. femoratus; (f) pronotum of male, D. fortepunctatus; (g) elytral striae of male, D. fortepunctatus; (h) elytral striae (Estria) of male (ShMicro, shagreened microsculpture), D. femoratus; (i) elytral striae of male, D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (j) male abdominal ventrites in ventral view, D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (k) male abdominal ventrites in ventral view, D. femoratus; (l) female abdominal ventrites in lateral view, D. femoratus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530258/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
(l). Pygidial disc distinctly convex and angulate at the apex, sparsely punctate, punctures concentrated near anterior edge. Apical margination of the pygidium absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3476562476D4D089BE2FD27FBA8FA31" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236E9476D4D089BE2FD27FE2EFD36" blockId="16.[160,1156,698,863]" box="[160,447,698,724]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB476D4D089BE2FD27FE2EFD36" bold="true" box="[160,447,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">Type material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236E9476D4D089BE2FD43FD8DFCBD" blockId="16.[160,1156,698,863]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B353CB4476D4D089BE2FD43FD8DFCBD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3808176346" collectingDate="1978-06-08" collectionCode="MCZ" collectorName="N. E Woodley" country="Panama" location="Barro" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E6884B476D4D089BE2FD43FE96FD15" box="[160,263,734,759]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D6A476D4D089A73FD43FDA0FD15" authorityName="Howden and Young" authorityYear="1981" box="[305,561,734,759]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB476D4D089A73FD43FDA0FD15" box="[305,561,734,759]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">Dichotomius femoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD60476D4D089979FD43FDDEFD17" box="[571,591,734,757]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4CAE2C476D4D08991CFD43FD08FD15" box="[606,665,734,759]" collectionName="USA, Massachusetts, Cambridge, Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode>
|
||
]: ‘
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34A7679476D4D0899EFFD43FC88FD15" box="[685,793,734,759]" name="Panama" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">PANAMÁ</collectingCountry>
|
||
: CANAL ZONE;/
|
||
<location id="8E826032476D4D08988FFD43FB99FD15" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F487FF47734D089A49FA02FBA8FA31:8E826032476D4D08988FFD43FB99FD15" box="[973,1032,734,759]" country="Panama" name="Barro" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">Barro</location>
|
||
colourado Isl./
|
||
<date id="FFE31029476D4D089B84FC9DFEA1FCFB" box="[198,304,768,793]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" value="1978-06-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA7E9C1476D4D089B84FC9DFEA1FCFB" box="[198,304,768,793]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" value="1978-06-08">8.vi.1978</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
’ // ‘
|
||
<collectorName id="26A8533F476D4D089A26FC9DFD93FCFB" box="[356,514,768,793]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">N.E Woodley</collectorName>
|
||
,/Collector/trap baited/with Lep. Frass’ // ‘
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E6884B476D4D0898B8FC9DFBECFCFB" box="[1018,1149,768,793]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D6A476D4D089BE2FCBEFED6FCDE" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1838" box="[160,327,803,828]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">DICHOTOMIUS</taxonomicName>
|
||
/FEMORATUS
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB476D4D089AA2FCBEFE78FCDE" box="[480,489,803,828]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">/</emphasis>
|
||
H. Howden and/O. Young’ // ‘M.C.Z./
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E6884B476D4D0898D5FCBEFB92FCDE" box="[919,1027,803,828]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
/32,558’ // ‘SEM’. Examined via photographs.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236E9476D4D089BE2FC11FD93FC44" blockId="16.[160,1155,908,1003]" box="[160,514,908,934]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB476D4D089BE2FC11FD93FC44" bold="true" box="[160,514,908,934]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">Additional material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236E9476D4D089BE2FC2DFCF0FC09" blockId="16.[160,1155,908,1003]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B353CB4476D4D089BE2FC2DFDA1FC2B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3808176333" box="[160,560,944,969]" country="Panama" elevation="850" location="Prov. Cerro Azul" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Prov. Cerro Azul">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34A7679476D4D089BE2FC2DFE98FC2B" box="[160,265,944,969]" name="Panama" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB476D4D089A56FC2DFE48FC2B" bold="true" box="[276,473,944,969]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4999F80B476D4D089A56FC2DFE48FC2B" box="[276,473,944,969]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">Prov. Cerro Azul</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="4CA59B0C476D4D089AA5FC2DFDA1FC2B" box="[487,560,944,969]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" unit="m" value="850.0">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD60476D4D089AA5FC2DFDA1FC2B" box="[487,560,944,969]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" type="generic">
|
||
<elevation id="0070D1DA476D4D089AA5FC2DFDA1FC2B" box="[487,560,944,969]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</elevation>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FFE31029476D4D08997EFC2DFD5DFC2B" box="[572,716,944,969]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" value="1998-07-17">17 July 1998</date>
|
||
. M.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B353CB4476D4D0899B9FC2DFBF2FC2B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3808176339" box="[763,1123,944,969]" collectionCode="CEMT" collectorName="El Valle" country="Panama" location="Hardy" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Prov. Cerro Azul">
|
||
<location id="8E826032476D4D0899B9FC2DFCAFFC2B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F487FF47734D089A49FA02FBA8FA31:8E826032476D4D0899B9FC2DFCAFFC2B" box="[763,830,944,969]" country="Panama" name="Hardy" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" stateProvince="Prov. Cerro Azul">Hardy</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD60476D4D089812FC2DFCFEFC25" box="[848,879,944,969]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD60476D4D089835FC2DFC3CFC25" box="[887,941,944,969]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" type="female">2♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4CAE2C476D4D0898F9FC2DFC6EFC2B" box="[955,1023,944,969]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">CEMT</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectorName id="26A8533F476D4D089F4DFC2DFBF2FC2B" box="[1039,1123,944,969]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">El Valle</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. [– 80,12,141; 8,611,646].
|
||
<date id="FFE31029476D4D089AD5FC4FFDC9FC09" box="[407,600,978,1003]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" value="2013-06-20" valueMax="2013-06-22" valueMin="2013-06-20">20–22 June 2013</date>
|
||
. V.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B353CB4476D4D08993CFC4FFCCDFC09" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3808176323" box="[638,860,978,1003]" collectionCode="CEMT" country="Panama" location="Benes" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Prov. Cerro Azul">
|
||
<location id="8E826032476D4D08993CFC4FFD50FC09" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F487FF47734D089A49FA02FBA8FA31:8E826032476D4D08993CFC4FFD50FC09" box="[638,705,978,1003]" country="Panama" name="Benes" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" stateProvince="Prov. Cerro Azul">Benes</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD60476D4D08998DFC4FFC97FC08" box="[719,774,978,1003]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" type="female">2♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4CAE2C476D4D089851FC4FFCC6FC09" box="[787,855,978,1003]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">CEMT</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236E9476D4D089BE2FB84FE1BFBD1" blockId="16.[160,1156,1049,1491]" box="[160,394,1049,1075]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB476D4D089BE2FB84FE1BFBD1" bold="true" box="[160,394,1049,1075]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">Taxonomic remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236E9476D4D089BE2FBA1FBA8FA31" blockId="16.[160,1156,1049,1491]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D6A476D4D089BE2FBA1FE0CFBB7" authorityName="Howden and Young" authorityYear="1981" box="[160,413,1084,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB476D4D089BE2FBA1FE0CFBB7" box="[160,413,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">Dichotomius femoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was formerly identified by its distinctive pattern of microsculpture on the elytral interstriae, which appears to be shagreened near striae and smooth medially. However, the examination of the type material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D6A476D4D089825FB1FFC74FB79" baseAuthorityName="Felsche" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[871,997,1154,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB476D4D089825FB1FFC74FB79" box="[871,997,1154,1179]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">D. globulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has revealed that some specimens have a very similar pattern of elytral microsculpture to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D6A476D4D089BE2FB5AFEBCFB02" authorityName="Howden and Young" authorityYear="1981" box="[160,301,1223,1248]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB476D4D089BE2FB5AFEBCFB02" box="[160,301,1223,1248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">D. femoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The type material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D6A476D4D089969FB5AFD37FB02" baseAuthorityName="Felsche" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[555,678,1223,1248]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB476D4D089969FB5AFD37FB02" box="[555,678,1223,1248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">D. globulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is composed of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD60476D4D089827FB5AFC41FB02" box="[869,976,1223,1248]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E6884B476D4D08989CFB5AFBDBFB02" box="[990,1098,1223,1248]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD60476D4D089BE2FB77FEBBFAE1" box="[160,298,1258,1283]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" type="female">four females</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E6884B476D4D089A77FB77FE71FAE1" box="[309,480,1258,1283]" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
). All females have the surface of the elytral interstriae shining at centre and shagreened along the lateral portions near striae, whereas the male has almost the entire surface of interstriae shagreened, with at most scattered smooth dots on the medial portion. To distinguish females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D6A476D4D0899E0FACFFCBFFA89" authorityName="Howden and Young" authorityYear="1981" box="[674,814,1362,1387]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB476D4D0899E0FACFFCBFFA89" box="[674,814,1362,1387]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">D. femoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D6A476D4D089895FACFFBC0FA89" baseAuthorityName="Felsche" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[983,1105,1362,1387]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB476D4D089895FACFFBC0FA89" box="[983,1105,1362,1387]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">D. globulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the following characters can be used: body elongate (globose in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D6A476D4D08980FFAE9FC56FA6F" baseAuthorityName="Felsche" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[845,967,1396,1421]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB476D4D08980FFAE9FC56FA6F" box="[845,967,1396,1421]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">D. globulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) surface of frons and genae with scattered ocellate punctures (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A6C476D4D08999BFA0AFCAEFA52" box="[729,831,1431,1456]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[160,226,1467,1490]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,1432]" captionTargetId="figure-3@6.[163,1153,142,1435]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Detailed morphology of the species in the globulus group. (a) Ventral view of male, Dichotomius femoratus; (b) ventral view of male, D. gamboaensis; (c) male head, D. fortepunctatus; (d) female head, D. gamboaensis; (e) pronotum of male, D. femoratus; (f) pronotum of male, D. fortepunctatus; (g) elytral striae of male, D. fortepunctatus; (h) elytral striae (Estria) of male (ShMicro, shagreened microsculpture), D. femoratus; (i) elytral striae of male, D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (j) male abdominal ventrites in ventral view, D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (k) male abdominal ventrites in ventral view, D. femoratus; (l) female abdominal ventrites in lateral view, D. femoratus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530258/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
(d)) (densely distributed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D6A476D4D089BE2FA27FE8BFA31" baseAuthorityName="Felsche" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[160,282,1466,1491]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB476D4D089BE2FA27FE8BFA31" box="[160,282,1466,1491]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">D. globulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and pronotal punctures irregularly spaced (umbilicate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D6A476D4D0898F3FA27FBBDFA31" baseAuthorityName="Felsche" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[945,1068,1466,1491]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB476D4D0898F3FA27FBBDFA31" box="[945,1068,1466,1491]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="135">D. globulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |