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<mods:title id="EFA3E509CFE9BBD3C3CFF54089E9E208">Two new species of Allobates of the trilineatus clade (Anura: Aromobatidae) from the Eastern Guiana Shield</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3E4EB0872645A0776886C68B434A18EB">Fouquet, Antoine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A7C1B1F50AB17B522317B2E568720258">Ferrão, Miquéias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F4E1914E49772A5650E8AAFED98DCED8">Jairam, Rawien</mods:namePart>
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<emphasis id="B9764009FFDAFFD3FF3A0819FE461A03" bold="true" box="[151,357,1107,1134]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">Allobates vicinus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C02E798FFDAFFD3FF3A08D9FD291AC6" ID-CoL="668XL" authority="Fouquet et al. 2007" authorityName="Fouquet" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,522,1171,1195]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granti">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDAFFD3FF3A08D9FE181AC6" box="[151,315,1171,1195]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">Allobates granti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF93E1EAFFDAFFD3FEEC08D9FD291AC6" author="Fouquet, A. &amp; Gilles, A. &amp; Vences, M. &amp; Marty, C. &amp; Blanc, M. &amp; Gemmell, N. J." box="[321,522,1171,1195]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" pagination="1109" refId="ref13681" refString="Fouquet, A., Gilles, A., Vences, M., Marty, C., Blanc, M. &amp; Gemmell, N. J. (2007) Underestimation of species richness in Neotropical frogs revealed by mtDNA analyses. PLoS ONE, 2 (10), e 1109. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0001109" type="journal article" year="2007">
Fouquet 
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDAFFD3FE3608DEFEED1AC6" box="[411,462,1171,1195]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">et al.</emphasis>
2007
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; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF93E1EAFFDAFFD3FDB908D9FD691AC6" author="Fouquet, A. &amp; Noonan, B. P. &amp; Rodrigues, M. T. &amp; Pech, N. &amp; Gilles, A. &amp; Gemmell, N. J." box="[532,586,1171,1195]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" pagination="461 - 489" refId="ref13752" refString="Fouquet, A., Noonan, B. P., Rodrigues, M. T., Pech, N., Gilles, A. &amp; Gemmell, N. J. (2012) Multiple quaternary refugia in the eastern Guiana Shield revealed by comparative phylogeography of 12 frog species. Systematic Biology, 61, 461 - 489. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / sysbio / syr 130" type="journal article" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
; 
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Vacher 
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDAFFD3FD0D08DEFDF01AC6" box="[672,723,1171,1195]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF93E1EAFFDAFFD3FCB408D9FCE61AC6" author="Grant, T. &amp; Rada, M. &amp; Anganoy-Criollo, M. &amp; Batista, A. &amp; Dias, P. H. &amp; Jeckel, A. M. &amp; Machado, D. J. &amp; Rueda-Almonacid, J. V." box="[793,965,1171,1195]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref14285" refString="Grant, T., Rada, M., Anganoy-Criollo, M., Batista, A., Dias, P. H., Jeckel, A. M., Machado, D. J. &amp; Rueda-Almonacid, J. V. (2017) Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives revisited (Anura: Dendrobatoidea). South American Journal of Herpetology, 12, 1 - 262. https: // doi. org / 10.2994 / SAJH-D- 17 - 00017.1" type="journal article" year="2017">
Grant 
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDAFFD3FCF408DEFCAF1AC6" box="[857,908,1171,1195]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">et al.</emphasis>
2017
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<emphasis id="B9764009FFDAFFD3FF3A08FBFFD41AA4" box="[151,247,1201,1225]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">Allobates</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDAFFD3FEB308F8FE7F1AA4" box="[286,348,1202,1225]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">granti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF93E1EAFFDAFFD3FECF08F8FD111AA4" author="Fouquet, A. &amp; Vacher J. P. &amp; Kadosoe, V. &amp; Jairam, R. &amp; Ouboter, P." box="[354,562,1201,1225]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" pagination="63 - 68" refId="ref13943" refString="Fouquet, A., Vacher J. P., Kadosoe, V., Jairam, R. &amp; Ouboter, P. (2015 a) Checklist of the Amphibians of the Sipaliwini area, Suriname. Herpetology Notes, 8, 63 - 68." type="journal article" year="2015">
Fouquet 
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDAFFD3FE1608F8FECC1AA4" box="[443,495,1201,1225]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">et al.</emphasis>
2015a
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<taxonomicName id="4C02E798FFDAFFD3FF3A089AFD071A85" ID-CoL="668XL" authority="Rejaud et al. 2020" authorityName="Rejaud" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,548,1232,1256]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granti">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDAFFD3FF3A089AFFD41A85" box="[151,247,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">Allobates</emphasis>
aff. 
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDAFFD3FE8B089BFE471A85" box="[294,356,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">granti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF93E1EAFFDAFFD3FEC7089AFD071A85" author="Rejaud, A. &amp; Rodrigues, M. T. &amp; Crawford, A. J. &amp; Castroviejo-Fisher, S. &amp; Jaramillo, A. F. &amp; Chaparro, J. C. &amp; Glaw, F. &amp; Gagliardi-Urrutia, G. &amp; Moravec, J. &amp; Ignacio, J. &amp; Perez, P. &amp; Lima, A. P. &amp; Werneck, F. P. &amp; Hrbek, T. &amp; Ron, S. R. &amp; Kok, P. J. R. &amp; Driskell, A. &amp; Chave, J. &amp; Fouquet A." box="[362,548,1232,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" pagination="2472 - 2482" refId="ref15964" refString="Rejaud, A., Rodrigues, M. T., Crawford, A. J., Castroviejo-Fisher, S., Jaramillo, A. F., Chaparro, J. C., Glaw, F., Gagliardi-Urrutia, G., Moravec, J., Ignacio, J., Perez, P., Lima, A. P., Werneck, F. P., Hrbek, T., Ron, S. R., Ernst, R., Kok, P. J. R., Driskell, A., Chave, J. &amp; Fouquet A. (2020) Historical biogeography identifies a possible role of Miocene wetlands in the diversification of the Amazonian rocket frogs (Aromobatidae: Allobates). Journal of Biogeography, 47, 2472 - 2482. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 13937" type="journal article" year="2020">
Réjaud 
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDAFFD3FE15089BFEC81A85" box="[440,491,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">et al.</emphasis>
2020
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<typeStatus id="54B922B9FFDAFFD3FF3A095BFE251B46" box="[151,262,1297,1323]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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MNHN-RA-2022.0079 (field n° AF3771), an adult male from 
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asl
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) collected by 
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and 
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on 
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(
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).
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B9764009FFDAFFD3FF6A0913FE581B1E" bold="true" box="[199,379,1369,1395]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">Paratopotypes.</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D045792FFDAFFD3FE250910FD261B1E" box="[392,517,1369,1396]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" type="adult">two adults</specimenCount>
: NZCSA1181 (field n° AF3777) a male and MNHN-RA-2022.0080 (field n° AF3805), a female collected with the 
<typeStatus id="54B922B9FFDAFFD3FD920937FD861BFA" box="[575,677,1405,1431]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9C1BFFDAFFD3FF6A09EBFCBA1821" blockId="9.[151,1437,1297,2044]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">
<materialsCitation id="3B6A9646FFDAFFD3FF6A09EBFA23186E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4127560304" collectingDate="2014-12-20" collectionCode="R" collectorName="A. Fouquet &amp; Jairam" country="Suriname" elevation="580" latitude="4.80262" location="Twelve" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.61502" municipality="Nassau" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDAFFD3FF6A09EBFE651BD6" bold="true" box="[199,326,1441,1467]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">
<typeStatus id="54B922B9FFDAFFD3FF6A09EBFE621BD6" box="[199,321,1441,1467]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<location id="8EDDCAC0FFDAFFD3FEE109EBFEBD1BD6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB2D0DFFDAFFD7FF3A0819FC5A1E94:8EDDCAC0FFDAFFD3FEE109EBFEBD1BD6" box="[332,414,1441,1467]" country="Suriname" latitude="4.80262" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.61502" municipality="Nassau" name="Twelve" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">Twelve</location>
adults: MNHN-RA-2022.0070–74 (field n° AF2476; AF2479; AF2510; AF2513; AF2515), 
<specimenCount id="9D045792FFDAFFD3FF3A098FFE2E1BB2" box="[151,269,1477,1503]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" type="male">five males</specimenCount>
and MNHN-RA-2022.0067–68 (field n° AF2416; AF2421; AF2474), 
<specimenCount id="9D045792FFDAFFD3FB9E098FFBEF1BB2" box="[1075,1228,1477,1503]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" type="female">three females</specimenCount>
from 
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, 
<collectingCountry id="F315DC8BFFDAFFD3FAD8098FFFC6186E" name="Suriname" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">Suriname</collectingCountry>
(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE36FADCFFDAFFD3FED409A3FD261869" box="[377,517,1513,1540]" degrees="54.61502" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" precision="1" value="-54.61502">54.61502 W</geoCoordinate>
, 
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<quantity id="4CFA31FEFFDAFFD3FDBF09A3FD781869" box="[530,603,1513,1540]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" unit="m" value="580.0">580 m</quantity>
asl
</elevation>
) collected by 
<collectorName id="26F7F9CDFFDAFFD3FC8A09A3FC841869" box="[807,935,1513,1540]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">A. Fouquet</collectorName>
and 
<collectionCode id="ED1304DEFFDAFFD3FC4C09A0FCD41869" box="[993,1015,1514,1540]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">R</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName id="26F7F9CDFFDAFFD3FBA909A3FB6C186E" box="[1028,1103,1513,1539]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">Jairam</collectorName>
on 
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<collectingDate id="EFF84333FFDAFFD3FBD009A3FA23186E" box="[1149,1280,1513,1539]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" value="2014-12-20">20/12/2014</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B6A9646FFDAFFD3FAA009A3FCB71821" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4127560306" collectingDate="2015-01-05" collectionCode="R" collectorName="A. Fouquet &amp; Jairam" country="Suriname" elevation="340" latitude="4.70646" location="Bakhuis" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-56.77943" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
MNHN-RA-2022.0075–78 (field n° AF3428–9; AF3431; AF3436), 
<specimenCount id="9D045792FFDAFFD3FCA60A47FCA0184A" box="[779,899,1549,1575]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" type="male">four males</specimenCount>
from 
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, 
<collectingCountry id="F315DC8BFFDAFFD3FB9B0A47FB82184A" box="[1078,1185,1549,1575]" name="Suriname" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">Suriname</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE36FADCFFDAFFD3FB1C0A47FA081845" box="[1201,1323,1549,1576]" degrees="4.70646" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" precision="1" value="4.70646">4.70646 N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE36FADCFFDAFFD3FA9E0A47FF911821" degrees="56.77943" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" precision="1" value="-56.77943">56.77943 W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="002F7B28FFDAFFD3FF100A7BFE081826" box="[189,299,1585,1612]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" unit="m" value="340.0">
<quantity id="4CFA31FEFFDAFFD3FF100A7BFE271821" box="[189,260,1585,1612]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" unit="m" value="340.0">340 m</quantity>
asl
</elevation>
) collected by 
<collectorName id="26F7F9CDFFDAFFD3FE650A7BFD651821" box="[456,582,1585,1612]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">A. Fouquet</collectorName>
and 
<collectionCode id="ED1304DEFFDAFFD3FDD10A78FDB11821" box="[636,658,1586,1612]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">R</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName id="26F7F9CDFFDAFFD3FD300A7BFDCB1826" box="[669,744,1585,1611]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">Jairam</collectorName>
on 
<date id="FFBCBADBFFDAFFD3FCBC0A7BFCB71821" box="[785,916,1585,1612]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" value="2015-01-05">
<collectingDate id="EFF84333FFDAFFD3FCBC0A7BFCB71821" box="[785,916,1585,1612]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" value="2015-01-05">05/01/2015</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C318CF90FFDAFFD0FF6A0A1FFFC01864" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="543" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BBD9C1BFFDAFFD3FF6A0A1FFFFF18DA" blockId="9.[151,1437,1297,2044]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDAFFD3FF6A0A1FFE6D1802" bold="true" box="[199,334,1621,1647]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet “vicinus” is a latin word that means “neighbor”, referring to the two sister species 
<taxonomicName id="4C02E798FFDAFFD3FF420A33FE7218FE" box="[239,337,1657,1683]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granti">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDAFFD3FF420A33FE7218FE" box="[239,337,1657,1683]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">A. granti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingCountry id="F315DC8BFFDAFFD3FED90A33FD3918FE" box="[372,538,1657,1683]" name="French Guiana" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C02E798FFDAFFD3FDE20A33FD9F18FE" authority="Fouquet &amp; Ferrão &amp; Jairam, 2023" authorityName="Fouquet &amp; Ferrão &amp; Jairam" authorityYear="2023" box="[591,700,1657,1683]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vicinus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDAFFD3FDE20A33FD9F18FE" box="[591,700,1657,1683]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">A. vicinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245FD72FFDAFFD3FD6E0A30FC3A18F9" box="[707,793,1658,1684]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in 
<collectingCountry id="F315DC8BFFDAFFD3FC960A33FC8518FE" box="[827,934,1657,1683]" name="Suriname" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">Suriname</collectingCountry>
facing each other on each side of the Maroni River.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9C1BFFDAFFD3FF6A0A8BFD54192A" blockId="9.[151,1437,1297,2044]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDAFFD3FF6A0A8BFE8B18B6" bold="true" box="[199,424,1729,1755]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">Generic placement</emphasis>
. The new species is assigned unambiguously to the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C02E798FFDAFFD3FB950A8BFB8118B6" authorityName="Zimmermann and Zimmermann" authorityYear="1988" box="[1080,1186,1729,1755]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDAFFD3FB950A8BFB8118B6" box="[1080,1186,1729,1755]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">Allobates</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because the tip of finger IV does not reach the distal subarticular tubercle of finger III, toe IV with basal webbing and lateral fringe on its preaxial side, pale paracloacal marks (characters 5, 43 and 50 of 
<bibRefCitation id="EF93E1EAFFDAFFD3FCCD0B43FB3E194E" author="Grant, T. &amp; Rada, M. &amp; Anganoy-Criollo, M. &amp; Batista, A. &amp; Dias, P. H. &amp; Jeckel, A. M. &amp; Machado, D. J. &amp; Rueda-Almonacid, J. V." box="[864,1053,1801,1827]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref14285" refString="Grant, T., Rada, M., Anganoy-Criollo, M., Batista, A., Dias, P. H., Jeckel, A. M., Machado, D. J. &amp; Rueda-Almonacid, J. V. (2017) Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives revisited (Anura: Dendrobatoidea). South American Journal of Herpetology, 12, 1 - 262. https: // doi. org / 10.2994 / SAJH-D- 17 - 00017.1" type="journal article" year="2017">
Grant 
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDAFFD3FC080B40FCFF194E" box="[933,988,1801,1827]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
, respectively) and its phylogenetic relationship as assessed by molecular data.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9C1BFFDAFFD0FF6A0B1BFD391DEC" blockId="9.[151,1437,1297,2044]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="543" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDAFFD3FF6A0B1BFE651906" bold="true" box="[199,326,1873,1899]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">Definition.</emphasis>
A small species of cryptically-colored 
<taxonomicName id="4C02E798FFDAFFD3FD5B0B1BFC431906" authorityName="Zimmermann and Zimmermann" authorityYear="1988" box="[758,864,1873,1899]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDAFFD3FD5B0B1BFC431906" box="[758,864,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">Allobates</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (1) Mean SVL of males 
<quantity id="4CFA31FEFFDAFFD3FBDA0B1BFBFA1901" box="[1143,1241,1873,1900]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" unit="mm" value="15.5">15.5 mm</quantity>
(range 
<quantity id="4CFA31FEFFDAFFD3FA810B1BFFE419E2" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.555" metricValueMax="1.65" metricValueMin="1.46" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" unit="mm" value="15.55" valueMax="16.5" valueMin="14.6">14.6–16.5 mm</quantity>
); mean SVL of females 
<quantity id="4CFA31FEFFDAFFD3FE7C0B3FFD1719FD" box="[465,564,1909,1936]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.66" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" unit="mm" value="16.6">16.6 mm</quantity>
(range 16.0– 
<quantity id="4CFA31FEFFDAFFD3FD650B3FFC0D19E2" box="[712,814,1909,1935]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.71" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" unit="mm" value="17.1">17.1 mm</quantity>
); (2) In life, dorsal surface light brown with diffuse dark brown irregular blotches often forming an hourglass pattern and sometimes only scattered from interorbital to urostyle region; background color of dorsal surfaces of legs light brown to gray; diffuse, transverse dark brown bands present across dorsal surfaces of thigh (on its proximal region), irregular bands on shank (at mid-level), tarsus and foot (at mid-level); posterior surface of thigh and groin dark brown; (3) skin texture of dorsum granular, with numerous and large tubercles scattered throughout dorsum, more abundant on the posterior half and legs; (4) lateral dark brown band with sharp upper and lower edge, as large as the posterior edge of the eye; (5) pale dorsolateral stripe poorly delimited dorsally by the hourglass pattern and sharply delimited ventrally by the dark brown colouration of the flanks; (6) oblique lateral stripe inconspicuous not reaching midbody length reduced to inguinal region of the lateral dark brown band; (7) pale ventrolateral stripe present only in live specimens, extending from the inguinal region to the snout, sometimes interrupted and irregular forming a marbled pattern extending ventrally; (8) white or cream comma-shape paracloacal mark; (9) throat and chest of males cream in preserved specimens, translucent in life, with uniformly distributed melanophores from the chin to the anterior half of the abdomen; (10) abdominal surfaces white centrally, yellow towards the flanks and ventral surface of legs in live males; (11) throat, chest and abdomen uniformly white in preserved specimens and bright yellow in live females, without any melanophores; (12) dark throat collar absent; (13) iris metallic copper, without a pupil ring; (14) median lingual process absent; (15) vocal sac distinct, subgular; (16) maxillary teeth present; (17) third phalanx of Finger III slightly swollen preaxially in males; (18) distal tubercle absent on Finger IV; (19) tip of Finger IV not reaching the distal subarticular tubercle of Finger III; (20) tip of Finger II reaching the distal edge of distal subarticular tubercle of Finger III; (21) terminal discs weakly expanded; (22) rudimentary basal webbing present between Toes III and IV; (23) fringes on toes inconspicuous; (24) Toe I very short, its tip reaching the base of the subarticular tubercle on Toe II; (25) mature oocytes pigmented; (26) diurnal habits, males calling in daytime; (27) advertisement calls characterized by the continuous emission of note pairs; notes with ascending frequency modulation with dominant frequencies between 
<geoCoordinate id="EE36FADCFFD9FFD0FF3A0F08FFF51D30" box="[151,214,834,861]" degrees="5,422" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" precision="55" value="5.422">5,422</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE36FADCFFD9FFD0FF7B0F08FE001D30" box="[214,291,834,861]" degrees="5,785" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" precision="55" value="-5.785">–5,785</geoCoordinate>
Hz for the first note and 
<geoCoordinate id="EE36FADCFFD9FFD0FDE40F08FDAB1D30" box="[585,648,834,861]" degrees="5,586" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" precision="55" value="5.586">5,586</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE36FADCFFD9FFD0FD250F08FDF61D30" box="[648,725,834,861]" degrees="6,020" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" precision="55" value="-6.02">–6,020</geoCoordinate>
Hz for the second, split by regular silent intervals of approximately 233–374 ms between calls.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9C1BFFD9FFD0FF6A0FC0FA591A10" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFD9FFD0FF6A0FC0FC3D1DC8" bold="true" box="[199,798,906,933]" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">
Morphological comparisons with other 
<taxonomicName id="4C02E798FFD9FFD0FD010FC0FC341DC8" authorityName="Zimmermann and Zimmermann" authorityYear="1988" box="[684,791,906,933]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFD9FFD0FD010FC0FC341DC8" bold="true" box="[684,791,906,933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">Allobates</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The character states of compared species are shown in parenthesis. 
<taxonomicName id="4C02E798FFD9FFD0FE8F0FE5FEC31DA5" authorityName="Fouquet &amp; Ferrão &amp; Jairam" authorityYear="2023" box="[290,480,943,969]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vicinus">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFD9FFD0FE8F0FE5FEC31DA5" box="[290,480,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">Allobates vicinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from its closest relative 
<taxonomicName id="4C02E798FFD9FFD0FCEE0FE5FC851DA5" box="[835,934,943,969]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granti">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFD9FFD0FCEE0FE5FC851DA5" box="[835,934,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">A. granti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1339809EFFD9FFD0FC1B0FE5FCDB1DA4" box="[950,1016,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1330,1354]" captionTargetBox="[171,1415,185,1270]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[151,1435,181,1277]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Additional specimens in life illustrating the variation on coloration within Allobates vicinus sp. nov. and A. granti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8009202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8009202/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) by (1) its brown legs (gray-blueish); (2) its dorsum with numerous and large tubercle (finely granular); (3) its hourglass darker pattern on a light brown coloured back (brick or reddish-brown, rarely with an hourglass pattern); (4) by its dark brown lateral band, in life and preservative (uniformly black, exceptionally dark brown); (5) by its call consisting of two notes with distinct maximum dominant frequencies DMxF1–2: 190–347 Hz (very similar values between the two notes DMxF1–2: -44–90 Hz in 
<taxonomicName id="4C02E798FFD9FFD0FF760829FE1E1A11" box="[219,317,1123,1149]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granti">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFD9FFD0FF760829FE1E1A11" box="[219,317,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">A. granti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="1339809EFFD9FFD0FEF80829FE8F1A10" box="[341,428,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[151,1436,181,1779]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Examples of sonograms of Allobates granti and A. aff. granti: (A) depicting a series of calls on a 1 s window and (B) focusing on a single call on a 0.2 s window; (C) PCA plot of the two first PCs and the correlation circle representing variable contributions. The measured variables are illustrated on the call of A. aff. granti. (D) Box plot of two selected variables whose values do not overlap among species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8009194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8009194/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
) and longer intervals between calls SC: 233–374 ms (151–202 ms in 
<taxonomicName id="4C02E798FFD9FFD0FB030829FA321A11" box="[1198,1297,1123,1149]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granti">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFD9FFD0FB030829FA321A11" box="[1198,1297,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">A. granti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="1339809EFFD9FFD0FA840829FA4E1A10" box="[1321,1389,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[236,1351,186,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[231,1356,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Examples of sonograms of Allobates aff. tapajos, A. tapajos and A. kamilae: (A) depicting a series of calls (a single call in A. tapajos and A. kamilae) on a 1s window and (B) focusing on a single note on a 0.2 s window; (C) PCA plot of the first two PCs and the correlation circle representing variable contributions, and (D) excluding A. kamilae. Only the range of the number of notes per call (NC) do not overlap across the three species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8009198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8009198/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9C1BFFD9FFD0FF6A08CDFBFD1ACC" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1246,1159,1185]" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">
See below the comparison with the other species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C02E798FFD9FFD0FCA308CDFC5B1ACC" authorityName="Zimmermann and Zimmermann" authorityYear="1988" box="[782,888,1159,1185]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFD9FFD0FCA308CDFC5B1ACC" box="[782,888,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">Allobates</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurring in the 
<collectingCountry id="F315DC8BFFD9FFD0FB9A08CDFBAB1ACC" box="[1079,1160,1159,1185]" name="Guyana" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">Guiana</collectingCountry>
region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9C1BFFD9FFD0FF6A08E1FCA61B38" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">
According to the literature 
<taxonomicName id="4C02E798FFD9FFD0FDAE08E1FDE51AA9" authorityName="Fouquet &amp; Ferrão &amp; Jairam" authorityYear="2023" box="[515,710,1195,1221]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vicinus">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFD9FFD0FDAE08E1FDE51AA9" box="[515,710,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">Allobates vicinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C02E798FFD9FFD0FCCE08E1FCD91AA9" baseAuthorityName="Morales" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[867,1018,1195,1221]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumtuosus">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFD9FFD0FCCE08E1FCD91AA9" box="[867,1018,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">A. sumtuosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF93E1EAFFD9FFD0FBA108E1FB8C1AA8" author="Morales, V. R." box="[1036,1199,1195,1221]" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" pagination="1 - 59" refId="ref15820" refString="Morales, V. R. (2002) Sistematica y biogeografia del grupo trilineatus (Amphibia, Anura, Dendrobatidae, Colostethus), con descripcion de once nuevas especies. Publicaciones de la Asociacion de Amigos de Donana, 13, 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="2002">Morales 2002</bibRefCitation>
; Kok &amp; Ernst 2007; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF93E1EAFFD9FFD0FF3A0885FE491A84" author="Simies, P. I. &amp; Kaefer, I. L. &amp; Farias, I. P. &amp; Lima, A. P." box="[151,362,1231,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" pagination="401 - 421" refId="ref16309" refString="Simies, P. I., Kaefer, I. L., Farias, I. P. &amp; Lima, A. P. (2013) An integrative appraisal of the diagnosis and distribution of Allobates sumtuosus (Morales, 2002) (Anura, Aromobatidae). Zootaxa, 3746 (3), 401 - 421. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3746.3.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
Simıes 
<emphasis id="B9764009FFD9FFD0FF5C0885FE0A1A84" box="[241,297,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
) by (1) its throat uniformly covered with melanophores in males (melanophores restricted to tip and sides of chin in 
<taxonomicName id="4C02E798FFD9FFD0FEDF08B9FD261B61" baseAuthorityName="Morales" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[370,517,1267,1293]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumtuosus">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFD9FFD0FEDF08B9FD261B61" box="[370,517,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">A. sumtuosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males); (2) the presence of transverse dark brown marks on thigh, shank and tarsus (absent or brown irregular spots); (3) its call consisting of pairs of notes (3.9– 
<geoCoordinate id="EE36FADCFFD9FFD0FC5B095CFB081B5C" box="[1014,1067,1302,1329]" degrees="5.9" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" precision="5555" value="-5.9">5.9 s</geoCoordinate>
long trills of 23–35 single notes) with dominant frequency of 
<geoCoordinate id="EE36FADCFFD9FFD0FE7B0970FD361B38" box="[470,533,1338,1365]" degrees="5,422" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" precision="55" value="5.422">5,422</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE36FADCFFD9FFD0FDB80970FD411B38" box="[533,610,1338,1365]" degrees="6,020" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" precision="55" value="-6.02">–6,020</geoCoordinate>
Hz (vs. 
<geoCoordinate id="EE36FADCFFD9FFD0FD6C0971FC231B38" box="[705,768,1339,1365]" degrees="6,172" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" precision="55" value="6.172">6,172</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE36FADCFFD9FFD0FCAD0971FC6E1B38" box="[768,845,1339,1365]" degrees="6,480" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" precision="55" value="-6.48">–6,480</geoCoordinate>
Hz).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9C1BFFD9FFD0FF6A0915FFC01864" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">
According to the literature 
<taxonomicName id="4C02E798FFD9FFD0FE510915FD9E1B15" authorityName="Fouquet &amp; Ferrão &amp; Jairam" authorityYear="2023" box="[508,701,1375,1401]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vicinus">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFD9FFD0FE510915FD9E1B15" box="[508,701,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">Allobates vicinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C02E798FFD9FFD0FCFB0915FB6F1B16" authority="Kok, H" authorityName="Kok, H" box="[854,1100,1375,1403]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amissibilis">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFD9FFD0FCFB0915FCCD1B14" box="[854,1006,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">A. amissibilis</emphasis>
Kok, H
</taxonomicName>
̂lting, and Ernst, 2013 by (1) its belly coloration in life clearly sexually dimorphic being white in male, yellow in females, (cream to yellow in both sexes); (2) its oblique lateral stripe inconspicuous, not reaching midbody length (diffuse broad area extending from groin to about midbody length); (3) its calls consisting of pairs of notes (0.03– 
<geoCoordinate id="EE36FADCFFD9FFD0FB9B0981FB5A1B88" box="[1078,1145,1483,1509]" degrees="7.98" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" precision="555" value="-7.98">7.98 s</geoCoordinate>
long series of 1–19 single notes).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C318CF90FFD9FFD7FF6A0A58FC5A1E94" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="546" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBD9C1BFFD9FFD0FF6A0A58FCE219F8" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFD9FFD0FF6A0A58FD2E1840" bold="true" box="[199,525,1554,1581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">
Description of the 
<typeStatus id="54B922B9FFD9FFD0FE320A59FD2B1840" box="[415,520,1555,1581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
An adult male 
<quantity id="4CFA31FEFFD9FFD0FD180A58FC3B1840" box="[693,792,1554,1581]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="15.5">15.5 mm</quantity>
SVL (
<figureCitation id="1339809EFFD9FFD0FCF20A59FC811840" box="[863,930,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,186,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[151,1436,181,1567]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dorsal, ventral, left palmar and left plantar views of preserved holotype of Allobates vicinus sp. nov.and dorsolateral view of the holotype in life." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8009200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8009200/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C680A9A0FFD9FFD0FC000A59FCDF1840" box="[941,1020,1555,1581]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Mean, minimum and maximum values of morphometric measurements in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7DCC93FFD7FFDEFF3A0CDDFB791EC2" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" tableUuid="DF7DCC93FFD7FFDEFF3A0CDDFB791EC2">Table 1</tableCitation>
) in good condition, with a few superficial scars on dorsum and a large incision in the abdomen for tissue sample; body slender; head as wide as long (HL/ HW= 1.0); head length 33.4 % of SVL; snout broadly subacuminate in dorsal view, acutely rounded in lateral view, extending past lower jaw. Nares located laterally, opening posterolaterally; canthus rostralis concave, loreal region slightly concave, slightly flaring at upper lip; internarial distance 40.1 % of head width (IN/HW); eye-naris distance 29.8 % of head length (EN/HL); 77.0 % of eye length (EN/ED). Tympanum subcircular, directed posterolaterally, 45.0 % of eye length (TD/ED); supratympanic fold absent, supratympanic area slightly concave; tympanic annulus visible anteroventrally, posterodorsal aspect of tympanum barely visible. Tongue attached anteriorly, broadly rounded posteriorly, longer than wide, median lingual process absent. Choanae very small, subcircular, lateral. Vocal slits long, lateral. Very small teeth present on maxillary and premaxillary, dentigerous process of vomers absent. Cloacal tubercles absent; vent at level of upper thighs, a small anal flap above it.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9C1BFFD9FFD0FF6A0BD5FB5019B0" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">Skin granular on dorsum, granules weakest on head, with scattered larger granules becoming denser posteriorly, more easily visible in life; one distinctly enlarged tubercle on each eyelid; belly smooth.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBD9C1BFFD8FFD1FF3A0978FFF81B00" blockId="11.[151,1437,1330,1390]" pageId="11" pageNumber="544">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFD8FFD1FF3A0978FE341B27" bold="true" box="[151,279,1330,1354]" pageId="11" pageNumber="544">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Additional specimens in life illustrating the variation on coloration within 
<taxonomicName id="4C02E798FFD8FFD1FB930978FBD31B27" authority="Fouquet &amp; Ferrão &amp; Jairam, 2023" authorityName="Fouquet &amp; Ferrão &amp; Jairam" authorityYear="2023" box="[1086,1264,1330,1354]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vicinus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFD8FFD1FB930978FBD31B27" box="[1086,1264,1330,1354]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="544">Allobates vicinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245FD72FFD8FFD1FB570978FA6D1B24" box="[1274,1358,1330,1353]" pageId="11" pageNumber="544" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C02E798FFD8FFD1FA2B0978FFF61B03" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granti">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFD8FFD1FA2B0978FFF61B03" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="544">A. granti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBD9C1BFFD8FFD1FF6A09D6FDB318BA" blockId="11.[151,1436,1436,2039]" pageId="11" pageNumber="544">
Forelimb slender, skin smooth; metacarpal ridge absent; ulnar fold absent; hand length 22.2 % of SVL; Finger I longer than II when fingers adpressed; fingers unwebbed, preaxial edge of Finger III slightly swollen; tip of Finger IV not reaching distal subarticular tubercle on Finger III when fingers adpressed; terminal discs weakly expanded, slightly wider than long; width of disc on Finger III 
<quantity id="4CFA31FEFFD8FFD1FD580A42FC7D184E" box="[757,862,1544,1571]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="544" unit="mm" value="0.38">0.38 mm</quantity>
; discs with distinct dorsal scutes. Relative lengths of adpressed fingers III&gt;I&gt; II&gt; IV; palmar tubercle large, ovoid, 
<quantity id="4CFA31FEFFD8FFD1FC290A66FCCB182A" box="[900,1000,1580,1607]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="544" unit="mm" value="0.65">0.65 mm</quantity>
in its largest diameter, 18.9 % of hand length, periphery pigmented; thenar tubercle conspicuous but not protuberant, ovoid, anterior periphery pigmented, about a quarter the size of the palmar tubercle and narrowly separated from it. One subarticular tubercle on Fingers I, II, and IV; two subarticular tubercles on Finger III; subarticular tubercles on Finger I and II subequal and largest, distal tubercle on Finger III smallest (
<figureCitation id="1339809EFFD8FFD1FD900AF6FDA118BA" box="[573,642,1724,1751]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,186,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[151,1436,181,1567]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dorsal, ventral, left palmar and left plantar views of preserved holotype of Allobates vicinus sp. nov.and dorsolateral view of the holotype in life." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8009200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8009200/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="544">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9C1BFFD8FFD6FF6A0AAAFD6D1E94" blockId="11.[151,1436,1436,2039]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="545" pageId="11" pageNumber="544">
Hindlimb robust, skin granular; thigh length 42.9 % of SVL; tibia length 45.9 % of SVL; heels overlapping when hindlimbs are flexed at right angles to sagittal plane of body; foot length 40.2 % of SVL; relative length of adpressed toes IV&gt; III&gt; V&gt; II&gt; I; Toe I very short, its tip reaching the base of the subarticular tubercle on Toe II when toes are adpressed; discs on Toes II, III, IV, and V larger than width of distal phalanges; disc on Toe I equal to width of distal phalanx. Width of disc on Toe IV 
<quantity id="4CFA31FEFFD8FFD1FD140B3AFC0319E6" box="[697,800,1904,1931]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="544" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.60 mm</quantity>
; rudimentary webbing present only between Toes III–IV, webbing not pigmented; lateral fringes inconspicuous. Inner metatarsal tubercle oval, 
<quantity id="4CFA31FEFFD8FFD1FBFE0BDEFB9519C2" box="[1107,1206,1940,1967]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="544" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.40 mm</quantity>
in length, distal portion pigmented, outer metatarsal tubercle round, projecting, 
<quantity id="4CFA31FEFFD8FFD1FCEF0BF2FC8419BE" box="[834,935,1976,2003]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="544" unit="mm" value="0.32">0.32 mm</quantity>
in diameter. Three subarticular tubercles on Toe IV, two subarticular tubercles on Toes III and V, and one on Toes I and II. Subarticular tubercles on Toes I and II largest; distal and basal subarticular tubercles on Toe IV smallest. Metatarsal fold absent. Tarsal keel well defined, short, tubercle like, directed transversely across tarsus, located 
<quantity id="4CFA31FEFFDFFFD6FCC60CF1FCF21EB8" box="[875,977,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="545" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.90 mm</quantity>
from proximal edge of inner metatarsal tubercle, not extending from it (
<figureCitation id="1339809EFFDFFFD6FE510C95FD631E94" box="[508,576,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,186,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[151,1436,181,1567]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dorsal, ventral, left palmar and left plantar views of preserved holotype of Allobates vicinus sp. nov.and dorsolateral view of the holotype in life." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8009200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8009200/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9C1BFFDFFFD6FF6A0D48FD141CA0" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDFFFD6FF6A0D48FECC1F71" bold="true" box="[199,495,258,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">
Color of 
<typeStatus id="54B922B9FFDFFFD6FE9E0D49FEB91F70" box="[307,410,259,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="545" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in life.
</emphasis>
Color in life of the 
<typeStatus id="54B922B9FFDFFFD6FD7B0D49FC1B1F70" box="[726,824,259,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="545" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is shown in 
<figureCitation id="1339809EFFDFFFD6FC660D49FB331F70" box="[971,1040,258,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,186,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[151,1436,181,1567]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dorsal, ventral, left palmar and left plantar views of preserved holotype of Allobates vicinus sp. nov.and dorsolateral view of the holotype in life." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8009200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8009200/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
. Dorsal coloration is brown with a dark brown diffuse hourglass pattern from the scapular region to the urostyle; laterally a wide dark brown (almost black) band from tip of snout to around the body and above the vent, as wide as the eye at the level of its posterior edge; inconspicuous dorsolateral stripe above this band. The upper surface of tympanum is black, the lower surface white. The oblique lateral stripe embedded in the dark brown band consists of a diffuse lighter area extending from the groin to about one-third of the distance to the arm insertion. Flanks are creamish white below the lateral dark brown band forming a ventrolateral stripe extending ventrally along flanks. Upper lip is creamish white. Throat is gray entirely covered with scattered melanophores. Belly is immaculate creamish white anteriorly with tiny scattered melanophores and yellowish posteriorly without melanophores. Forelimbs are light reddish with a dark brown line on the posterior surface of forearms from elbow to wrist. A black blotch is present on the dorsal side of wrists. Upper surfaces of thighs and shanks are dark brown with inconspicuous black bands and blotches. A pale comma-shape paracloacal mark is present. Digits are dark gray with a few white dots. Fingers are dark gray with a few small white shaped dots. The iris is copper.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9C1BFFDFFFD6FF6A0E9CFCB21DEC" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDFFFD6FF6A0E9CFDA41C9D" bold="true" box="[199,647,726,753]" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">
Color of the 
<typeStatus id="54B922B9FFDFFFD6FEF20E9DFEE51C9C" box="[351,454,727,753]" pageId="12" pageNumber="545" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in preservative.
</emphasis>
After six years in preservative (70% ethanol), the colors of the specimen have faded. The dorsum is light brown; the lateral band is dark brown and the diffuse oblique lateral stripe is barely distinguishable. Flanks, belly, and upper lips are immaculate white. Throat is white; the melanophores are visible. Upper surface of thighs is brown with dark brown blotch or dark brown band. The pale paracloacal mark is still visible. Forelimbs are white. Fingers and digits are light brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9C1BFFDFFFD6FF6A0FC0FBAD1A10" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDFFFD6FF6A0FC0FD281DC9" bold="true" box="[199,523,906,933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">Variation in the type series.</emphasis>
Apart from sexual dimorphism and dichromatism (males are slightly smaller than females and the ventral surface of females in life is bright yellow and without melanophores), most of the specimens have a clear dark brown dorsal hourglass pattern, although in a few specimens the pattern is only diffused (
<typeStatus id="54B922B9FFDFFFD6FA820F99FAB71D80" box="[1327,1428,979,1005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="545" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) or reduced to irregular blotches (MNHN-RA-2022.0068; 
<figureCitation id="1339809EFFDFFFD6FCBB0FBDFC711A7C" box="[790,850,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1330,1354]" captionTargetBox="[171,1415,185,1270]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[151,1435,181,1277]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Additional specimens in life illustrating the variation on coloration within Allobates vicinus sp. nov. and A. granti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8009202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8009202/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">Fig 6</figureCitation>
). The dorsal surface of legs varies in coloration from dark grey to light brown with more or less conspicuous dark brown bands and blotches. The ventrolateral stripe is interrupted in some individuals (MNHN-RA-2022.0070; 
<figureCitation id="1339809EFFDFFFD6FC920875FC5F1A34" box="[831,892,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1330,1354]" captionTargetBox="[171,1415,185,1270]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[151,1435,181,1277]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Additional specimens in life illustrating the variation on coloration within Allobates vicinus sp. nov. and A. granti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8009202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8009202/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">Fig 6</figureCitation>
) and does not extend ventrally in most females (MNHN-RA-2022.0068; 
<figureCitation id="1339809EFFDFFFD6FE180829FED11A10" box="[437,498,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1330,1354]" captionTargetBox="[171,1415,185,1270]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[151,1435,181,1277]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Additional specimens in life illustrating the variation on coloration within Allobates vicinus sp. nov. and A. granti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8009202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8009202/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">Fig 6</figureCitation>
). Ventral surface is posteriorly immaculate white to yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9C1BFFDFFFD6FF6A08CCFEEF1B14" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDFFFD6FF6A08CCFE921ACC" bold="true" box="[199,433,1158,1185]" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">Advertisement call.</emphasis>
The call consists of pairs of high pitched notes and is emitted regularly (without clear clusters) every 295 ms (233–374 ms) and sounds like a cricket chirp. The two notes within a call are spaced by 34 ms (30–39 ms) with the first note being shorter 24 ms (13–31 ms) than the second one 34 ms (27–43 ms). These notes have an upward frequency modulation, i.e. the first note varies from 
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Hz as dominant frequency (DF1) and second note varies from 
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Hz (DF2) but differs more clearly in maximum frequencies (190– 247 Hz) (DMxF1–2). The maximum frequency of the first note is lower (
<geoCoordinate id="EE36FADCFFDFFFD6FC7D0970FB331B38" box="[976,1040,1338,1365]" degrees="5,635" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="545" precision="55" value="5.635">5,635</geoCoordinate>
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Hz) than of the second note (
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Hz) (
<figureCitation id="1339809EFFDFFFD6FEC00915FE9D1B14" box="[365,446,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[151,1436,181,1779]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Examples of sonograms of Allobates granti and A. aff. granti: (A) depicting a series of calls on a 1 s window and (B) focusing on a single call on a 0.2 s window; (C) PCA plot of the two first PCs and the correlation circle representing variable contributions. The measured variables are illustrated on the call of A. aff. granti. (D) Box plot of two selected variables whose values do not overlap among species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8009194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8009194/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9C1BFFDFFFD6FF6A09C9FD0A188C" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDFFFD6FF6A09C9FD6E1BF1" bold="true" box="[199,589,1410,1437]" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">Natural history and distribution.</emphasis>
It is a diurnal and terrestrial species inhabiting the leaf litter of mature forest on moderate hills and massifs. It is particularly abundant along the slopes of swampy streams where the males transport the tadpoles to complete their development. 
<taxonomicName id="4C02E798FFDFFFD6FD690981FCA61B89" authorityName="Fouquet &amp; Ferrão &amp; Jairam" authorityYear="2023" box="[708,901,1483,1509]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vicinus">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDFFFD6FD690981FCA61B89" box="[708,901,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">Allobates vicinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
probably has a breeding ecology similar to its sister species 
<taxonomicName id="4C02E798FFDFFFD6FE8209A5FEB31865" box="[303,400,1519,1545]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granti">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDFFFD6FE8209A5FEB31865" box="[303,400,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">A. granti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, where the tadpoles are deposited in small collections of water formed along swampy streams and at the base of trees or by the stems of fallen palms. This species can also be observed far from any permanent water body. Males are territorial and defend territories of a few square meters throughout the rainy season. When an intruder approaches, the occupant emits a vocalization distinct from the usual advertisement call. The calling activity is concentrated in the morning between 7 and 10 am and at the end of the afternoon between 4 and 7 pm. One male can keep several clutches during the same period and could be replaced by the female for guarding of the eggs as well as transport to a water body.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9C1BFFDFFFD7FF6A0AA1FC5A1E94" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,151,249]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="546" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">
The species described herein is known from seven localities in 
<collectingCountry id="F315DC8BFFDFFFD6FC0C0AA1FB331968" box="[929,1040,1771,1797]" name="Suriname" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">Suriname</collectingCountry>
; three from which 
<typeStatus id="54B922B9FFDFFFD6FB460AA1FA381968" box="[1259,1307,1771,1797]" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">type</typeStatus>
material is included: Voltzberg, Nassau, and Bakhuis mountains; and four more from molecular data: Lely mountain, Brownsberg, Raleighvallen and the Gros Rosebel area. The range of 
<taxonomicName id="4C02E798FFDFFFD6FCF00B79FB3C1921" authorityName="Fouquet &amp; Ferrão &amp; Jairam" authorityYear="2023" box="[861,1055,1843,1869]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vicinus">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDFFFD6FCF00B79FB3C1921" box="[861,1055,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">Allobates vicinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
probably extends throughout the forested area of 
<collectingCountry id="F315DC8BFFDFFFD6FEE40B1DFE9B191C" box="[329,440,1879,1905]" name="Suriname" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">Suriname</collectingCountry>
. However, it reaches its eastern boundaries along the Maroni River. Southward, 
<taxonomicName id="4C02E798FFDFFFD6FA820B1DFABF191D" authorityName="Fouquet &amp; Ferrão &amp; Jairam" authorityYear="2023" box="[1327,1436,1879,1905]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vicinus">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDFFFD6FA820B1DFABF191D" box="[1327,1436,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">A. vicinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may enter in contact with the third related lineage remaining unnamed (
<taxonomicName id="4C02E798FFDFFFD6FC690B31FB7519F9" box="[964,1110,1915,1941]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granti">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDFFFD6FC690B31FCF619F8" box="[964,981,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">A</emphasis>
. aff. 
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDFFFD6FBBF0B31FB7519F9" box="[1042,1110,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">granti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
2) and with 
<taxonomicName id="4C02E798FFDFFFD6FB4A0B31FA5F19F9" baseAuthorityName="Morales" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[1255,1404,1915,1941]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumtuosus">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDFFFD6FB4A0B31FA5F19F9" box="[1255,1404,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">A. sumtuosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A similar pattern of distribution and degree of molecular divergence between 
<taxonomicName id="4C02E798FFDFFFD6FC580BD5FB7919D5" box="[1013,1114,1951,1977]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granti">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDFFFD6FC580BD5FB7919D5" box="[1013,1114,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">A. granti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C02E798FFDFFFD6FB380BD5FA2619D5" authorityName="Fouquet &amp; Ferrão &amp; Jairam" authorityYear="2023" box="[1173,1285,1951,1977]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vicinus">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDFFFD6FB380BD5FA2619D5" box="[1173,1285,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">A. vicinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recently described in 
<taxonomicName id="4C02E798FFDFFFD6FE890B89FD1A19B0" baseAuthorityName="Van Lidth de Jeude" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[292,569,1987,2013]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandoculis">
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDFFFD6FE890B89FD1A19B0" box="[292,569,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">Pristimantis grandoculis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F315DC8BFFDFFFD6FDD60B89FDC519B0" box="[635,742,1987,2013]" name="Suriname" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">Suriname</collectingCountry>
and its sister undescribed species (
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDFFFD6FBC50B89FB5A19B1" box="[1128,1145,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="545">P</emphasis>
. sp. “Guianas” East) from 
<collectingCountry id="F315DC8BFFDEFFD7FF3A0CDDFE1C1EDC" box="[151,319,151,177]" name="French Guiana" pageId="13" pageNumber="546">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
, although the lack of phenotypic divergence advocates to consider the 
<collectingCountry id="F315DC8BFFDEFFD7FBFD0CDDFBD61EDC" box="[1104,1269,151,177]" name="French Guiana" pageId="13" pageNumber="546">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
populations as conspecific (
<bibRefCitation id="EF93E1EAFFDEFFD7FE880CF1FD271EB8" author="Fouquet, A. &amp; Peloso, P. &amp; Jairam, R. &amp; Lima, A. P. &amp; Monico, A. T. &amp; Kok, P. J. R." box="[293,516,187,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" pagination="1065 - 1098" refId="ref13829" refString="Fouquet, A., Peloso, P., Jairam, R., Lima, A. P., Monico, A. T., Ernst, R. &amp; Kok, P. J. R. (2022) Back from the deaf: Integrative taxonomy confirms a new species of Pristimantis Jimenez de la Espada, 1870 (Anura, Strabomantidae) endemic to the eastern Guiana Shield and revalidates Hylodes grandoculis van Lidth de Jeude, 1904. Organisms Diversity &amp; Evolution, 22, 1065 - 1098. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13127 - 022 - 00564 - w" type="journal article" year="2022">
Fouquet 
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDEFFD7FE240CF1FEE21EB8" box="[393,449,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="546">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
). There are also many other examples of species that similarly display pronounced genetic divergence across the Maroni River (
<bibRefCitation id="EF93E1EAFFDEFFD7FD200C95FC4E1E94" author="Fouquet, A. &amp; Noonan, B. P. &amp; Rodrigues, M. T. &amp; Pech, N. &amp; Gilles, A. &amp; Gemmell, N. J." box="[653,877,223,249]" pageId="13" pageNumber="546" pagination="461 - 489" refId="ref13752" refString="Fouquet, A., Noonan, B. P., Rodrigues, M. T., Pech, N., Gilles, A. &amp; Gemmell, N. J. (2012) Multiple quaternary refugia in the eastern Guiana Shield revealed by comparative phylogeography of 12 frog species. Systematic Biology, 61, 461 - 489. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / sysbio / syr 130" type="journal article" year="2012">
Fouquet 
<emphasis id="B9764009FFDEFFD7FD5C0C95FC091E94" box="[753,810,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="546">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>