treatments-xml/data/03/A6/87/03A687C1FFEE137FB1B1FBE549AA2FCF.xml

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<mods:title id="4FEC90D5D155F0958913894D24174DA1">Manned submersible dives reveal a singular assemblage of Hexactinellida (Porifera) off the Amazon River mouth, Northern Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F7B38CB75413A5C1F944B885FBBB9A41">Moser, Julia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FC48CC0E2D8E8D2141B558C46DF72AC5">Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (MN-UFRJ), Departamento de Invertebrados. Quinta da Boa vista, s / n, CEP 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. &amp; juliamartinsmoser @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5638 - 3758</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="5D4E2CDC684C0860F75AF2BAF6322ED8">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, 20560 Washington, D. C., USA. cristianacbranco @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7166 - 183 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="70412FC97BE2BC92E97861A245560F8B">Pequeno, Carolline B.</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="D0F881BBFFEE1374B1B1FBE549A0290A" bold="true" box="[151,697,1049,1076]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEE1374B1B1FBE549A0290A" bold="true" box="[151,697,1049,1076]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFEE1374B1B1FBE5494D290A" ID-CoL="8YKJ2" authority="Moser &amp; Moraes &amp; Castello-Branco &amp; Pequeno &amp; Muricy, 2022" authorityName="Moser &amp; Moraes &amp; Castello-Branco &amp; Pequeno &amp; Muricy" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,596,1049,1076]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alucia" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Cyliconemaoida">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEE1374B1B1FBE54A3A290A" bold="true" box="[151,291,1049,1076]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Hyalonema</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEE1374B012FBE54AE1290A" bold="true" box="[308,504,1049,1076]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Cyliconemaoida</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEE1374B32FFBE5494D290A" bold="true" box="[521,596,1049,1076]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">alucia</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C315655CFFEE1374B1B1FBC24A362967" box="[151,303,1086,1113]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFEE1374B1B1FBC24A362967" blockId="3.[151,697,1049,1113]" box="[151,303,1086,1113]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
(
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFEE1374B1B9FBC24A3E2967" box="[159,295,1086,1113]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="5.[151,250,961,985]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1558,1582]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1260,1284]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,998,1022]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,181,937]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,1081,1535]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1398,181,1236]" captionTargetBox-3="[189,1398,181,975]" captionTargetId-0="figure-28@5.[189,1398,181,937]" captionTargetId-1="figure-85@5.[189,1398,1081,1535]" captionTargetId-2="figure-50@6.[189,1398,181,1236]" captionTargetId-3="figure-20@7.[189,1398,181,975]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Hyalonema (Cyliconemaoida) alucia sp. nov., external morphology (holotype). A, specimen in situ; B-D, specimen after fixation: B, whole specimen with associated zoanthids (side view); C, apical cone (side view); D, oscular sieve-plate (top view). In situ photograph by F. Moraes (A)." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Skeleton of Hyalonema (Cyliconemaoida) alucia sp. nov. A, choanosomal skeleton with disorganized diactins and less common hexactins; B, dermal skeleton with the pinular rays of pinular pentactins pointing outwards, and tangential diactins (SEM)." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Spicules of Hyalonema (Cyliconemaoida) alucia sp. nov. A, diactin of the basalia; B, choanosomal diactins; C, central thickening of choanosomal diactins; D, pinular pentactins; E, smooth pentactins; F, smooth hexactin; G, spined microxypentactin; H, spined microxyhexactin. (B–G: SEM; A, H: LM)" captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Amphidiscs of Hyalonema (Cyliconemaoida) alucia sp. nov. (SEM). A, macramphidiscs; B, mesamphidiscs; C, micramphidiscs." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332301" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332303" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332305" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332307" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6332301/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6332303/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6332305/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/6332307/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Figures 2–5</figureCitation>
)
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<subSubSection id="C315655CFFEE1374B1B1FB7C48F52980" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFEE1374B1B1FB7C48F52980" blockId="3.[151,1437,1152,2043]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEE1374B1B1FB7C4A6629A4" bold="true" box="[151,383,1152,1178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B673C8AFFEE1374B0A3FB7C48F52980" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3697350306" collectingDate="2017-07-18" collectionCode="MV" collectorName="F Moraes" country="Brazil" elevation="378" latitude="1.5184" location="Para State" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-46.73215" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" specimenCode="MNRJ 21298" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEE1374B0A3FB7C4AF529A4" box="[389,492,1152,1178]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<typeStatus id="54B48875FFEE1374B0A3FB7C4AF529A4" box="[389,492,1152,1178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="DBA99EACFFEE1374B0D4FB7D499229A5" box="[498,651,1153,1179]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">MNRJ 21298</specimenCode>
, 
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, off 
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, upper slope, 
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– 
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, 
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depth
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, coll. 
<collectorName id="26FA5301FFEE1374B01EFB594ABA2981" box="[312,419,1189,1215]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">F Moraes</collectorName>
/ 
<collectionCode id="ED1EAE12FFEE1374B09FFB594AFF2981" box="[441,486,1189,1215]" country="0" name="University of Montana Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">MV</collectionCode>
<collectorName id="26FA5301FFEE1374B0CDFB5849202980" box="[491,569,1188,1214]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Alucia</collectorName>
, submersible 
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, 
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<collectingDate id="EFF5E9FFFFEE1374B243FB5848FE2980" box="[869,999,1188,1214]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" value="2017-07-18">18.vii.2017</collectingDate>
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.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C315655CFFEE1374B1E1FB344BCB28A8" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFEE1374B1E1FB344BCB28A8" blockId="3.[151,1437,1152,2043]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEE1374B1E1FB344A5B29DC" bold="true" box="[199,322,1224,1250]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFEE1374B06CFB34498729DD" authority="" authorityName="Dohrmann" authorityYear="2017" box="[330,670,1224,1251]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cyliconemaoida">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEE1374B06CFB344AD229DC" box="[330,459,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Hyalonema</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEE1374B0F8FB34498F29DC" box="[478,662,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Cyliconemaoida</emphasis>
)
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with caliciform body, with a disorganized sieve plate in the apical surface. Choanosomal spicules are mainly smooth diactins. Dermalia are pinular pentactins with relatively short, straight pinular ray directed outwards. Atrialia are pinular pentactins, smooth pentactins and hexactins, and spined microxypentactins and microxyhexactins. Amphidiscs in three size categories similar in shape, all with umbels longer than broad and smooth teeth largely parallel to the shaft. Basalia diactins apparently without anchors in the ends.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C315655CFFEE1374B1E1FA5D499328E0" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFEE1374B1E1FA5D499328E0" blockId="3.[151,1437,1152,2043]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEE1374B1E1FA5D4A572885" bold="true" box="[199,334,1441,1467]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFEE1374B31AFA5C499B2884" authorityName="Moser &amp; Moraes &amp; Castello-Branco &amp; Pequeno &amp; Muricy" authorityYear="2022" box="[572,642,1440,1466]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alucia">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEE1374B31AFA5C499B2884" box="[572,642,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">alucia</emphasis>
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is a noun in apposition given in honor of the MV Alucia and its crew, responsible for the collection of this species.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFEE1374B1E1FA144F702B89" blockId="3.[151,1437,1152,2043]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEE1374B1E1FA144A402B3C" bold="true" box="[199,345,1512,1538]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Description.</emphasis>
Sponge lophophytous, caliciform, measuring 
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in total length; body 
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long by 
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wide and basal tuft 
<quantity id="4CF79B32FFEE1374B05CF9F04ACF2B19" box="[378,470,1548,1575]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" unit="cm" value="37.5">37.5 cm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFEE1374B304F9F049862B19" box="[546,671,1548,1575]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,961,985]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,937]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[189,1398,181,937]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hyalonema (Cyliconemaoida) alucia sp. nov., external morphology (holotype). A, specimen in situ; B-D, specimen after fixation: B, whole specimen with associated zoanthids (side view); C, apical cone (side view); D, oscular sieve-plate (top view). In situ photograph by F. Moraes (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332301" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332301/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
). Apical surface with a central cone, small 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEE1374B5B7F9F14FC62B18" box="[1169,1247,1549,1574]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">in vivo</emphasis>
but displaced to one side after fixation (
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFEE1374B0BCF9CC490B2B75" box="[410,530,1584,1611]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,961,985]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,937]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[189,1398,181,937]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hyalonema (Cyliconemaoida) alucia sp. nov., external morphology (holotype). A, specimen in situ; B-D, specimen after fixation: B, whole specimen with associated zoanthids (side view); C, apical cone (side view); D, oscular sieve-plate (top view). In situ photograph by F. Moraes (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332301" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332301/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Fig. 2A–C</figureCitation>
) and a disorganized sieve-plate, damaged after collection, with abundant circular openings 
<quantity id="4CF79B32FFEE1374B022F9A94A7B2B51" box="[260,354,1621,1647]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="2.0">2–8 mm</quantity>
in diameter (
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFEE1374B0DFF9A8494D2B51" box="[505,596,1620,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,961,985]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,937]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[189,1398,181,937]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hyalonema (Cyliconemaoida) alucia sp. nov., external morphology (holotype). A, specimen in situ; B-D, specimen after fixation: B, whole specimen with associated zoanthids (side view); C, apical cone (side view); D, oscular sieve-plate (top view). In situ photograph by F. Moraes (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332301" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332301/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
). External surface even, microhispid. Color white 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEE1374B5ABF9A94FC02B50" box="[1165,1241,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">in vivo</emphasis>
, becoming white to cream in ethanol. Consistency of the body soft, easy to tear. Basal tuft resistant, fully covered with zoanthids on its exposed portion, from the base of the body down to 
<quantity id="4CF79B32FFEE1374B224F96048452B89" box="[770,860,1692,1719]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" unit="cm" value="12.5">12.5 cm</quantity>
of the tuft (
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFEE1374B2C7F9604F422B89" box="[993,1115,1692,1719]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,961,985]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,937]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[189,1398,181,937]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hyalonema (Cyliconemaoida) alucia sp. nov., external morphology (holotype). A, specimen in situ; B-D, specimen after fixation: B, whole specimen with associated zoanthids (side view); C, apical cone (side view); D, oscular sieve-plate (top view). In situ photograph by F. Moraes (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332301" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332301/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFEE1374B1E1F93C4E2A2AB0" blockId="3.[151,1437,1152,2043]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEE1374B1E1F93C4A2E2BE4" bold="true" box="[199,311,1728,1754]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Skeleton:</emphasis>
Choanosome mainly composed of abundant, disorganized diactins (
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFEE1374B51FF93C4F8D2BE5" box="[1081,1172,1728,1755]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1558,1582]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1081,1535]" captionTargetId="figure-85@5.[189,1398,1081,1535]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Skeleton of Hyalonema (Cyliconemaoida) alucia sp. nov. A, choanosomal skeleton with disorganized diactins and less common hexactins; B, dermal skeleton with the pinular rays of pinular pentactins pointing outwards, and tangential diactins (SEM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332303/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Dermalia includes diactins tangential to the surface or in tufts and pinular pentactins with the pinular rays directed outwards (
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFEE1374B410F9184E972BC1" box="[1334,1422,1764,1791]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1558,1582]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1081,1535]" captionTargetId="figure-85@5.[189,1398,1081,1535]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Skeleton of Hyalonema (Cyliconemaoida) alucia sp. nov. A, choanosomal skeleton with disorganized diactins and less common hexactins; B, dermal skeleton with the pinular rays of pinular pentactins pointing outwards, and tangential diactins (SEM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332303/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Atrialia contain diactins, pinular pentactins, spined hexactins, and smooth pentactins and hexactins. Canalaria composed of smooth pentactins and hexactins, slightly smaller than in atrialia, and abundant pinular pentactins with the pinular ray directed to the interior of the canals. Basalia diactins apparently terminating in sharp ends, without visible anchors or teeth even when not broken. Acanthophores, pinular diactins and ambuncinates absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFEE1374B1E1F8644F1F2AC5" blockId="3.[151,1437,1152,2043]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEE1374B1E1F8644A302A8C" bold="true" box="[199,297,1944,1970]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Spicules</emphasis>
: Megascleres are basal diactins, smooth choanosomal diactins, dermal and atrial pinular pentactins, atrial smooth pentactins and hexactins. Microscleres are atrial spined microoxypentactins and microoxyhexactins plus macramphidiscs, mesamphidiscs and micramphidiscs (
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFEE1374B215F81C48622AC5" box="[819,891,2016,2043]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1260,1284]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1236]" captionTargetId="figure-50@6.[189,1398,181,1236]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spicules of Hyalonema (Cyliconemaoida) alucia sp. nov. A, diactin of the basalia; B, choanosomal diactins; C, central thickening of choanosomal diactins; D, pinular pentactins; E, smooth pentactins; F, smooth hexactin; G, spined microxypentactin; H, spined microxyhexactin. (B–G: SEM; A, H: LM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332305/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Figs 4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFEE1374B2A1F81C488E2AC5" box="[903,919,2016,2043]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,998,1022]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,975]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[189,1398,181,975]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Amphidiscs of Hyalonema (Cyliconemaoida) alucia sp. nov. (SEM). A, macramphidiscs; B, mesamphidiscs; C, micramphidiscs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332307/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">5</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C68D036CFFEE1374B285F81C48EC2AC5" box="[931,1013,2016,2043]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Spicule measurements of Hyalonema(Cyliconemaioda) alucia sp. nov. (min-average-max in micrometers, unless indicated otherwise)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF70665FFFE91373B1B1FF6B4AD82DED" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" tableUuid="DF70665FFFE91373B1B1FF6B4AD82DED">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF70665FFFE91373B1B1FF6B4AD82DED" ID-Table-UUID="DF70665FFFE91373B1B1FF6B4AD82DED" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF70665FFFE91373B1B1FF6B4AD82DED" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" startId="4.[151,239,151,175]" targetBox="[166,1213,227,1982]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE91373B1B1FF6B4AD82DED" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,211]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE91373B1B1FF6B4A142D91" bold="true" box="[151,269,151,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Spicule measurements of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE91373B317FF6B48A02D91" authority="Moser &amp; Moraes &amp; Castello-Branco &amp; Pequeno &amp; Muricy, 2022" authorityName="Moser &amp; Moraes &amp; Castello-Branco &amp; Pequeno &amp; Muricy" authorityYear="2022" box="[561,953,151,175]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alucia" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Cyliconemaioda">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE91373B317FF6B48A02D91" box="[561,953,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Hyalonema(Cyliconemaioda) alucia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE91373B2E4FF6B4F022D91" bold="true" box="[962,1051,151,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24857BEFFE91373B2E4FF6B4F022D91" box="[962,1051,151,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(min-average-max in micrometers, unless indicated otherwise).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE91373B180FF1F4F8E2A80" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<table id="F90FC477FFE9EC88B180FF1F4FA42A80" box="[166,1213,227,1982]" gridcols="2" gridrows="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FF1F4FA42DC5" box="[166,1213,227,251]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<th id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FF1F4ABC2DC5" box="[166,421,227,251]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Spicules</th>
<th id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFFF1F4FA42DC5" box="[1017,1213,227,251]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">MNRJ 21298</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FEF74FA42C1D" box="[166,1213,267,291]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FEF74FA42C1D" box="[166,1213,267,291]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE91373B180FEF74A222C1D" bold="true" box="[166,315,267,291]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Basal diactins</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FEC84FA42C72" box="[166,1213,308,332]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FEC84ABC2C72" box="[166,421,308,332]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Length</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFFEC84FA42C72" box="[1017,1213,308,332]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">&lt;39 cm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FEA04FA42C4A" box="[166,1213,348,372]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FEA04ABC2C4A" box="[166,421,348,372]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Width</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFFEA04FA42C4A" box="[1017,1213,348,372]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">20–200</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FE784FA42CA2" box="[166,1213,388,412]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FE784FA42CA2" box="[166,1213,388,412]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE91373B180FE784A8D2CA2" bold="true" box="[166,404,388,412]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Choanosomal diactins</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FE504FA42CFA" box="[166,1213,428,452]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FE504ABC2CFA" box="[166,421,428,452]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Length</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFFE504FA42CFA" box="[1017,1213,428,452]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">560–952–1500</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FE294FA42CD3" box="[166,1213,469,493]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FE294ABC2CD3" box="[166,421,469,493]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Width</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFFE294FA42CD3" box="[1017,1213,469,493]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">7.5–13.8–22.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FE004FA42F2A" box="[166,1213,508,532]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FE004FA42F2A" box="[166,1213,508,532]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE91373B180FE004A752F2A" bold="true" box="[166,364,508,532]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Pinular pentactins</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FDD94FA42F00" box="[166,1213,549,574]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FDD94ABC2F00" box="[166,421,549,574]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Pinular ray length</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFFDD94FA42F00" box="[1017,1213,549,574]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">75.0–157.0–230.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FDB14FA42F58" box="[166,1213,589,614]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FDB14ABC2F58" box="[166,421,589,614]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Pinular ray width</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFFDB14FA42F58" box="[1017,1213,589,614]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">2.5–3.7–5.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FD8A4FA42FB0" box="[166,1213,630,654]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FD8A4ABC2FB0" box="[166,421,630,654]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Diameter of the basis</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFFD8A4FA42FB0" box="[1017,1213,630,654]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">50.0–69.5–100.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FD614FA42F8B" box="[166,1213,669,693]" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FD614FA42F8B" box="[166,1213,669,693]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE91373B180FD614A452F8B" bold="true" box="[166,348,669,693]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Atrial pentactins</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FD3A4FA42FE1" box="[166,1213,710,735]" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FD3A4ABC2FE1" box="[166,421,710,735]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Proximal ray length</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFFD3A4FA42FE1" box="[1017,1213,710,735]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">100.0–325.5–460.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FD124FA42E39" box="[166,1213,750,775]" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FD124ABC2E39" box="[166,421,750,775]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Tangential ray length</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFFD124FA42E39" box="[1017,1213,750,775]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">125.2–233.2–445.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FCEB4FA42E11" box="[166,1213,791,815]" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FCEB4ABC2E11" box="[166,421,791,815]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Rays width</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFFCEB4FA42E11" box="[1017,1213,791,815]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">5.0–8.8–15.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FCC24FA42E68" box="[166,1213,830,854]" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FCC24FA42E68" box="[166,1213,830,854]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE91373B180FCC24A4B2E68" bold="true" box="[166,338,830,854]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Atrial hexactins</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FC9B4FA42EBE" box="[166,1213,871,896]" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FC9B4ABC2EBE" box="[166,421,871,896]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Proximal ray length</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFFC9B4FA42EBE" box="[1017,1213,871,896]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">140.0–276.5–420.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FC734FA42E96" box="[166,1213,911,936]" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FC734ABC2E96" box="[166,421,911,936]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Distal ray length</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFFC734FA42E96" box="[1017,1213,911,936]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">100.0–235.5–490.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FC444FA42EEE" box="[166,1213,952,976]" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FC444ABC2EEE" box="[166,421,952,976]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Tangential rays length</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFFC444FA42EEE" box="[1017,1213,952,976]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">100.0–222.8–425.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FC1C4FA42EC6" box="[166,1213,992,1016]" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FC1C4ABC2EC6" box="[166,421,992,1016]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Rays width</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFFC1C4FA42EC6" box="[1017,1213,992,1016]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">4.5–7.9–17.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FBFB4FA42921" box="[166,1213,1031,1055]" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FBFB4FA42921" box="[166,1213,1031,1055]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE91373B180FBFB4A692921" bold="true" box="[166,368,1031,1055]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Microxypentactins</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FBCC4FA42977" box="[166,1213,1072,1097]" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FBCC4ABC2977" box="[166,421,1072,1097]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Proximal ray length</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFFBCC4FA42977" box="[1017,1213,1072,1097]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">30.0–50.8–90.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FBA44FA4294F" box="[166,1213,1112,1137]" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FBA44ABC294F" box="[166,421,1112,1137]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Tangential rays length</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFFBA44FA4294F" box="[1017,1213,1112,1137]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">63.8–75.9–92.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FB7D4FA429A7" box="[166,1213,1153,1177]" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FB7D4ABC29A7" box="[166,421,1153,1177]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Rays width</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFFB7D4FA429A7" box="[1017,1213,1153,1177]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">2.5–2.7–4.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FB544FA429FE" box="[166,1213,1192,1216]" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FB544FA429FE" box="[166,1213,1192,1216]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE91373B180FB544A7F29FE" bold="true" box="[166,358,1192,1216]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Microxyhexactins</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FB2D4FA429D4" box="[166,1213,1233,1258]" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FB2D4ABC29D4" box="[166,421,1233,1258]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Proximal ray length</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFFB2D4FA429D4" box="[1017,1213,1233,1258]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">37.5–67.5–100.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FB054FA4282C" box="[166,1213,1273,1298]" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FB054ABC282C" box="[166,421,1273,1298]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Distal ray length</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFFB054FA4282C" box="[1017,1213,1273,1298]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">35.0–64.0–82.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FADE4FA42804" box="[166,1213,1314,1338]" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FADE4ABC2804" box="[166,421,1314,1338]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Tangential rays length</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFFADE4FA42804" box="[1017,1213,1314,1338]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">45.0–64.8–98.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FAB64FA4285C" box="[166,1213,1354,1378]" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FAB64ABC285C" box="[166,421,1354,1378]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Rays width</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFFAB64FA4285C" box="[1017,1213,1354,1378]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">2.5–2.7–3.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FA8E4FA428B4" box="[166,1213,1394,1418]" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FA8E4FA428B4" box="[166,1213,1394,1418]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE91373B180FA8E4A4328B4" bold="true" box="[166,346,1394,1418]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Macramphidiscs</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FA664FA4288D" box="[166,1213,1434,1459]" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FA664ABC288D" box="[166,421,1434,1459]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Umbel length</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFFA664FA4288D" box="[1017,1213,1434,1459]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">50.0–64.0–80.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FA3F4FA428E5" box="[166,1213,1475,1499]" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FA3F4ABC28E5" box="[166,421,1475,1499]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Umbel width</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFFA3F4FA428E5" box="[1017,1213,1475,1499]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">23.0–54.0–88.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180FA174FA42B3D" box="[166,1213,1515,1539]" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180FA174ABC2B3D" box="[166,421,1515,1539]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Shaft length</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFFA174FA42B3D" box="[1017,1213,1515,1539]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">82.5–152.5–250.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180F9EF4FA42B15" box="[166,1213,1555,1579]" gridrow="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180F9EF4ABC2B15" box="[166,421,1555,1579]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Shaft width</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFF9EF4FA42B15" box="[1017,1213,1555,1579]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">2.5–7.0–17.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180F9C74FA42B6D" box="[166,1213,1595,1619]" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180F9C74FA42B6D" box="[166,1213,1595,1619]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE91373B180F9C74A552B6D" bold="true" box="[166,332,1595,1619]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Mesamphidiscs</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180F9984FA42B42" box="[166,1213,1636,1660]" gridrow="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180F9984ABC2B42" box="[166,421,1636,1660]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Umbel length</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFF9984FA42B42" box="[1017,1213,1636,1660]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">17.5–23.6–30.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180F9704FA42B9A" box="[166,1213,1676,1700]" gridrow="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180F9704ABC2B9A" box="[166,421,1676,1700]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Umbel width</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFF9704FA42B9A" box="[1017,1213,1676,1700]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">12.5–19.0–22.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180F9484FA42BF2" box="[166,1213,1716,1740]" gridrow="37" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180F9484ABC2BF2" box="[166,421,1716,1740]" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Shaft length</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFF9484FA42BF2" box="[1017,1213,1716,1740]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">40.0–56.3–70.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180F9204FA42BCB" box="[166,1213,1756,1781]" gridrow="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180F9204ABC2BCB" box="[166,421,1756,1781]" gridcol="0" gridrow="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Shaft width</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFF9204FA42BCB" box="[1017,1213,1756,1781]" gridcol="1" gridrow="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">2.0–2.4–2.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180F8F84FA42A22" box="[166,1213,1796,1820]" gridrow="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180F8F84FA42A22" box="[166,1213,1796,1820]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE91373B180F8F84A4C2A22" bold="true" box="[166,341,1796,1820]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Micramphidiscs</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180F8D14FA42A7B" box="[166,1213,1837,1861]" gridrow="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180F8D14ABC2A7B" box="[166,421,1837,1861]" gridcol="0" gridrow="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Umbel length</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFF8D14FA42A7B" box="[1017,1213,1837,1861]" gridcol="1" gridrow="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">5.0–8.2–15.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180F8A94FA42A53" box="[166,1213,1877,1901]" gridrow="41" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180F8A94ABC2A53" box="[166,421,1877,1901]" gridcol="0" gridrow="41" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Umbel width</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFF8A94FA42A53" box="[1017,1213,1877,1901]" gridcol="1" gridrow="41" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">7.5–8.0–10.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180F8814FA42AA8" box="[166,1213,1917,1942]" gridrow="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180F8814ABC2AA8" box="[166,421,1917,1942]" gridcol="0" gridrow="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Shaft length</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFF8814FA42AA8" box="[1017,1213,1917,1942]" gridcol="1" gridrow="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">15.0–21.0–32.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353F3495FFE9EC88B180F85A4FA42A80" box="[166,1213,1958,1982]" gridrow="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B180F85A4ABC2A80" box="[166,421,1958,1982]" gridcol="0" gridrow="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Shaft width</td>
<td id="76EE5DE9FFE9EC88B2DFF85A4FA42A80" box="[1017,1213,1958,1982]" gridcol="1" gridrow="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">0.9–1.0–1.1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF70665FFFE81372B1B1FC3D4998291F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332301" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6332301" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332301/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" startId="5.[151,250,961,985]" targetBox="[189,1398,181,937]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE81372B1B1FC3D4998291F" blockId="5.[151,1436,961,1057]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE81372B1B1FC3D4A0D2EE7" bold="true" box="[151,276,961,985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE81372B03AFC3D498C2EE7" authority="Moser &amp; Moraes &amp; Castello-Branco &amp; Pequeno &amp; Muricy, 2022" authorityName="Moser &amp; Moraes &amp; Castello-Branco &amp; Pequeno &amp; Muricy" authorityYear="2022" box="[284,661,961,985]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alucia" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Cyliconemaoida">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE81372B03AFC3D4A882EE7" box="[284,401,961,985]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Hyalonema</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE81372B086FC3D495F2EE7" box="[416,582,961,985]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Cyliconemaoida</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE81372B370FC3D498C2EE7" box="[598,661,961,985]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">alucia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE81372B3BBFC3D49F62EE7" bold="true" box="[669,751,961,985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24857BEFFE81372B3BBFC3D49F62EE7" box="[669,751,961,985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, external morphology (holotype). A, specimen 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE81372B5FEFC3E4E012EE7" box="[1240,1304,962,985]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">in situ</emphasis>
; B-D, specimen after fixation: B, whole specimen with associated zoanthids (side view); C, apical cone (side view); D, oscular sieve-plate (top view). 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE81372B02BFBF64A54291F" box="[269,333,1034,1057]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">In situ</emphasis>
photograph by F. Moraes (A).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF70665FFFE81372B1B1F9EA4BFA2B49" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332303" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6332303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332303/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" startId="5.[151,250,1558,1582]" targetBox="[189,1398,1081,1535]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE81372B1B1F9EA4BFA2B49" blockId="5.[151,1437,1558,1655]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE81372B1B1F9EA4A0B2B10" bold="true" box="[151,274,1558,1582]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Skeleton of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE81372B0B4F9EB48102B11" authority="Moser &amp; Moraes &amp; Castello-Branco &amp; Pequeno &amp; Muricy, 2022" authorityName="Moser &amp; Moraes &amp; Castello-Branco &amp; Pequeno &amp; Muricy" authorityYear="2022" box="[402,777,1559,1583]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alucia" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Cyliconemaoida">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE81372B0B4F9EB491E2B11" box="[402,519,1559,1583]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Hyalonema</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE81372B333F9EB49A22B11" box="[533,699,1559,1583]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Cyliconemaoida</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE81372B3ECF9EB48102B11" box="[714,777,1559,1583]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">alucia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE81372B229F9EB48462B11" bold="true" box="[783,863,1559,1583]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24857BEFFE81372B229F9EB48462B11" box="[783,863,1559,1583]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A, choanosomal skeleton with disorganized diactins and less common hexactins; B, dermal skeleton with the pinular rays of pinular pentactins pointing outwards, and tangential diactins (SEM).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE81372B1E1F95948E62BDD" blockId="5.[151,1437,1701,2016]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
Diactins of the basalia with irregular striations formed by terminations of boxed concentric layers of silica. Ends acerate, not anchored. Size up to 
<quantity id="4CF79B32FFE81372B32DF93549712BDD" box="[523,616,1737,1763]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="390.0">390 mm</quantity>
long by 20–200 µm wide (
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFE81372B2BEF93548EA2BDD" box="[920,1011,1737,1763]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1260,1284]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1236]" captionTargetId="figure-50@6.[189,1398,181,1236]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spicules of Hyalonema (Cyliconemaoida) alucia sp. nov. A, diactin of the basalia; B, choanosomal diactins; C, central thickening of choanosomal diactins; D, pinular pentactins; E, smooth pentactins; F, smooth hexactin; G, spined microxypentactin; H, spined microxyhexactin. (B–G: SEM; A, H: LM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332305/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE81372B1E1F9114F152A15" blockId="5.[151,1437,1701,2016]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
Choanosomal diactins smooth, straight to lightly curved, widening in the central region with sharp or rounded ends; 560–952–1500 µm in length by 7.5–13.8–22.5 µm in width (
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFE81372B2A5F8ED48DC2A15" box="[899,965,1809,1835]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1260,1284]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1236]" captionTargetId="figure-50@6.[189,1398,181,1236]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spicules of Hyalonema (Cyliconemaoida) alucia sp. nov. A, diactin of the basalia; B, choanosomal diactins; C, central thickening of choanosomal diactins; D, pinular pentactins; E, smooth pentactins; F, smooth hexactin; G, spined microxypentactin; H, spined microxyhexactin. (B–G: SEM; A, H: LM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332305/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B-C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE81372B1E1F8C94FB52AA9" blockId="5.[151,1437,1701,2016]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
Both dermal and atrial pinular pentactins with straight, relatively short, whip-like pinular ray with relatively long spines, shaft thickest at the base, 75.0–157.0–230.5 µm in length by 2.5–3.7–5.0 µm in width (
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFE81372B5DDF8A54E4F2A4D" box="[1275,1366,1881,1907]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1260,1284]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1236]" captionTargetId="figure-50@6.[189,1398,181,1236]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spicules of Hyalonema (Cyliconemaoida) alucia sp. nov. A, diactin of the basalia; B, choanosomal diactins; C, central thickening of choanosomal diactins; D, pinular pentactins; E, smooth pentactins; F, smooth hexactin; G, spined microxypentactin; H, spined microxyhexactin. (B–G: SEM; A, H: LM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332305/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
). Tangential rays shorter than pinular ray, microspined; diameter of the basis 50.0–69.5–100.0 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE81372B1E1F85D4F392AE1" blockId="5.[151,1437,1701,2016]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
Atrial pentactins symmetrical, with smooth, straight rays. Proximal ray 100.0–325.5–460.0 µm in length, tangential rays 125.2–233.2–445.0 µm long by 5.0–8.8–15.0 µm in width (
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFE81372B29AF8394F0A2AE1" box="[956,1043,1989,2015]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1260,1284]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1236]" captionTargetId="figure-50@6.[189,1398,181,1236]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spicules of Hyalonema (Cyliconemaoida) alucia sp. nov. A, diactin of the basalia; B, choanosomal diactins; C, central thickening of choanosomal diactins; D, pinular pentactins; E, smooth pentactins; F, smooth hexactin; G, spined microxypentactin; H, spined microxyhexactin. (B–G: SEM; A, H: LM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332305/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF70665FFFEB1371B1B1FB1048062872" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332305" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6332305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332305/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" startId="6.[151,250,1260,1284]" targetBox="[189,1398,181,1236]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFEB1371B1B1FB1048062872" blockId="6.[151,1436,1260,1357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEB1371B1B1FB104A0C283A" bold="true" box="[151,277,1260,1284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Spicules of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFEB1371B0BEFB10480B283A" authority="Moser &amp; Moraes &amp; Castello-Branco &amp; Pequeno &amp; Muricy, 2022" authorityName="Moser &amp; Moraes &amp; Castello-Branco &amp; Pequeno &amp; Muricy" authorityYear="2022" box="[408,786,1260,1284]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alucia" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Cyliconemaoida">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEB1371B0BEFB104914283A" box="[408,525,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Hyalonema</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEB1371B33BFB1049DA283A" box="[541,707,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Cyliconemaoida</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEB1371B3F5FB10480B283A" box="[723,786,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">alucia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEB1371B23CFB104874283A" bold="true" box="[794,877,1260,1284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24857BEFFEB1371B23CFB104874283A" box="[794,877,1260,1284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A, diactin of the basalia; B, choanosomal diactins; C, central thickening of choanosomal diactins; D, pinular pentactins; E, smooth pentactins; F, smooth hexactin; G, spined microxypentactin; H, spined microxyhexactin. (B–G: SEM; A, H: LM)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFEB1371B1E1FA864FA828E2" blockId="6.[151,1437,1402,2041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
Atrial hexactins smooth (
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFEB1371B0F8FA86492828AB" box="[478,561,1402,1429]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1260,1284]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1236]" captionTargetId="figure-50@6.[189,1398,181,1236]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spicules of Hyalonema (Cyliconemaoida) alucia sp. nov. A, diactin of the basalia; B, choanosomal diactins; C, central thickening of choanosomal diactins; D, pinular pentactins; E, smooth pentactins; F, smooth hexactin; G, spined microxypentactin; H, spined microxyhexactin. (B–G: SEM; A, H: LM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332305/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
) with usually straight and occasionally slightly curved rays. Rays symmetrical, with center sometimes slightly enlarged. Proximal ray 140.0–276.5–420.0 µm length, distal ray 100.0–235.5–490.0 µm in length, tangential rays 100.0–222.8–425.0 µm in length and 4.5–7.9–17.5 µm in width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFEB1371B1E1FA1A4E982B1B" blockId="6.[151,1437,1402,2041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
Microxypentactins rare, microspined, with symmetric tangential rays longer than the proximal ray. Proximal ray length 30.0–50.8–90.0 µm, tangential rays 63.8–75.9–92.5 µm in length and 2.5–2.7–4.5 µm in width (
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFEB1371B43CF9F64E6C2B1B" box="[1306,1397,1546,1573]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1260,1284]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1236]" captionTargetId="figure-50@6.[189,1398,181,1236]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spicules of Hyalonema (Cyliconemaoida) alucia sp. nov. A, diactin of the basalia; B, choanosomal diactins; C, central thickening of choanosomal diactins; D, pinular pentactins; E, smooth pentactins; F, smooth hexactin; G, spined microxypentactin; H, spined microxyhexactin. (B–G: SEM; A, H: LM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332305/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFEB1371B1E1F9D2481E2BAE" blockId="6.[151,1437,1402,2041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
Microxyhexactins microspined, asymmetrical, with proximal and distal rays longer than the tangential ones (
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFEB1371B186F9AE4BE42B53" box="[160,253,1618,1645]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1260,1284]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1236]" captionTargetId="figure-50@6.[189,1398,181,1236]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spicules of Hyalonema (Cyliconemaoida) alucia sp. nov. A, diactin of the basalia; B, choanosomal diactins; C, central thickening of choanosomal diactins; D, pinular pentactins; E, smooth pentactins; F, smooth hexactin; G, spined microxypentactin; H, spined microxyhexactin. (B–G: SEM; A, H: LM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332305/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
). Proximal ray 37.5–67.5–100.0 µm in length, distal ray 35.0–64.0–82.5 µm in length, tangential rays 45.0–64.8–98.8 µm length by 2.5–2.7–3.3 µm in width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFEB1371B1E1F9664AFC2BC2" blockId="6.[151,1437,1402,2041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
Macramphidiscs (
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFEB1371B0A9F9664AFF2B8B" box="[399,486,1690,1717]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,998,1022]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,975]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[189,1398,181,975]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Amphidiscs of Hyalonema (Cyliconemaoida) alucia sp. nov. (SEM). A, macramphidiscs; B, mesamphidiscs; C, micramphidiscs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332307/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
) with smooth umbels longer than broad or as long as broad; umbel length 50.0–64.0– 80.0 µm and umbel width 23.0–54.0–88.0 µm. Shaft spiny to tuberculated, 82.5–152.5–250.0 µm in total length and by 2.5–7.0–17.5 µm in width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFEB1371B1E1F8FA4AAD2A56" blockId="6.[151,1437,1402,2041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
Mesamphidiscs (
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFEB1371B0A0F8FA4AC72A1F" box="[390,478,1798,1825]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,998,1022]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,975]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[189,1398,181,975]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Amphidiscs of Hyalonema (Cyliconemaoida) alucia sp. nov. (SEM). A, macramphidiscs; B, mesamphidiscs; C, micramphidiscs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332307/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
) with smooth umbels covering almost the whole spicule length; umbel length 17.5– 23.6–30.0 µm, umbel width 12.5–19.0–22.5 µm. Shaft spiny to tuberculated, 40.0–56.3–70.0 µm in total length by 2.0–2.4–2.5 µm in width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFEB1371B1E1F88E4E1D2A8E" blockId="6.[151,1437,1402,2041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
Micramphidiscs (
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFEB1371B0ACF88E4AC62AB3" box="[394,479,1906,1933]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,998,1022]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,975]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[189,1398,181,975]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Amphidiscs of Hyalonema (Cyliconemaoida) alucia sp. nov. (SEM). A, macramphidiscs; B, mesamphidiscs; C, micramphidiscs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332307/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
) with smooth umbels, broader than long; umbel length 5.0–8.2–15.0 µm, umbel width 7.5–8.0–10.0 µm. Shaft spiny to tuberculated, 15.0–21.0–32.5 µm in total length by 1.0 µm in width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFEB1371B1E1F8464A642AC6" blockId="6.[151,1437,1402,2041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEB1371B1E1F84649FF2AEA" bold="true" box="[199,742,1978,2005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Geographical and Bathymetric Distribution:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B673C8AFFEB1371B3D7F8464A602AC6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3697350302" country="Brazil" elevation="378" location="Only" municipality="Northern" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para">
<location id="8ED0600CFFEB1371B3D7F84648302AEA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687C1FFEE137FB1B1FBE549AA2FCF:8ED0600CFFEB1371B3D7F84648302AEA" box="[753,809,1978,2004]" country="Brazil" municipality="Northern" name="Only" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" stateProvince="Para">Only</location>
known from the upper slope off 
<collectingRegion id="49CBF835FFEB1371B594F8474E302AEB" box="[1202,1321,1979,2005]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Pará State</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD4ACADFFEB1371B411F8464E852AEA" box="[1335,1436,1978,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Northern</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingCountry id="F3187647FFEB1371B1B1F8224BC72AC6" box="[151,222,2014,2040]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<elevation id="0022D1E4FFEB1371B1CCF8234A602AC6" box="[234,377,2014,2041]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.78" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" unit="m" value="378.0">
<quantity id="4CF79B32FFEB1371B1CCF8234A282AC7" box="[234,305,2015,2041]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.78" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" unit="m" value="378.0">378 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF70665FFFEA1370B1B1FC1A4A56291D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6332307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332307/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" startId="7.[151,250,998,1022]" targetBox="[189,1398,181,975]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFEA1370B1B1FC1A4A56291D" blockId="7.[151,1436,998,1059]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B1B1FC1A4A0D2EC1" bold="true" box="[151,276,998,1023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Amphidiscs of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFEA1370B09CFC1B482D2EC1" authority="Moser &amp; Moraes &amp; Castello-Branco &amp; Pequeno &amp; Muricy, 2022" authorityName="Moser &amp; Moraes &amp; Castello-Branco &amp; Pequeno &amp; Muricy" authorityYear="2022" box="[442,820,999,1023]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alucia" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Cyliconemaoida">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B09CFC1B49362EC1" box="[442,559,999,1023]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Hyalonema</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B319FC1B49FC2EC1" box="[575,741,999,1023]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Cyliconemaoida</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B3D3FC1B482D2EC1" box="[757,820,999,1023]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">alucia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B21AFC1B48972EC1" bold="true" box="[828,910,999,1023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24857BEFFEA1370B21AFC1B48972EC1" box="[828,910,999,1023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(SEM). A, macramphidiscs; B, mesamphidiscs; C, micramphidiscs.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C315655CFFEA137FB1E1FBAD49AA2FCF" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFEA1370B1E1FBAD4F2129B1" blockId="7.[151,1437,1105,2031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B1E1FBAD4A352955" bold="true" box="[199,300,1105,1131]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Ecology.</emphasis>
The single specimen was anchored by the basal spicule tuft on muddy sand bottom (
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFEA1370B5CCFBAD4E5C2955" box="[1258,1349,1105,1131]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,961,985]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,937]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[189,1398,181,937]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hyalonema (Cyliconemaoida) alucia sp. nov., external morphology (holotype). A, specimen in situ; B-D, specimen after fixation: B, whole specimen with associated zoanthids (side view); C, apical cone (side view); D, oscular sieve-plate (top view). In situ photograph by F. Moraes (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332301" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332301/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Zoanthids grow over all parts of the basal spicule tuft outside the sediment (
<figureCitation id="13342A52FFEA1370B296FB894F3329B1" box="[944,1066,1141,1167]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,961,985]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,937]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[189,1398,181,937]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hyalonema (Cyliconemaoida) alucia sp. nov., external morphology (holotype). A, specimen in situ; B-D, specimen after fixation: B, whole specimen with associated zoanthids (side view); C, apical cone (side view); D, oscular sieve-plate (top view). In situ photograph by F. Moraes (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332301" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332301/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFEA1370B1E1FB654F102821" blockId="7.[151,1437,1105,2031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B1E1FB654AA7298D" bold="true" box="[199,446,1177,1203]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
The genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFEA1370B364FB6549DA298D" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1832" box="[578,707,1177,1203]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B364FB6549DA298D" box="[578,707,1177,1203]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Hyalonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is divided in 12 subgenera (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFEA1370B524FB654E6F298D" author="Tabachnick, K. &amp; Menshenina, L." box="[1026,1398,1177,1203]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" pagination="1232 - 1263" refId="ref15055" refString="Tabachnick, K. &amp; Menshenina, L. (2002) Family Hyalonematidae. In: Hooper, J. &amp; van Soest, R. (Eds.), Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, New York, pp. 1232 - 1263. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 127" type="book chapter" year="2002">Tabachnick &amp; Menshenina 2002</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFEA1370B4A4FB654A4629E9" author="de Voogd, N. J. &amp; Alvarez, B. &amp; Boury-Esnault, N. &amp; Carballo, J. L. &amp; Cardenas, P. &amp; Diaz, M. - C. &amp; Dohrmann, M. &amp; Downey, R. &amp; Hajdu, E. &amp; Hooper, J. &amp; Kelly, M. &amp; Klautau, M. &amp; Manconi, R. &amp; Morrow, C. C. &amp; Pisera, A. B. &amp; Rios, P. &amp; Rutzler, K. &amp; Schonberg, C. &amp; Vacelet, J. &amp; van Soest, R." pageId="7" pageNumber="112" refId="ref11335" refString="de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez, B. Boury-Esnault, N., Carballo, J. L., Cardenas, P., Diaz, M. - C., Dohrmann, M., Downey, R., Hajdu, E., Hooper, J., Kelly, M., Klautau, M., Manconi, R., Morrow, C. C., Pisera, A. B., Rios, P., Rutzler, K., Schonberg, C., Vacelet, J. &amp; van Soest, R. (2021) World Porifera Database. Hyalonema Gray, 1832. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera / porifera. php? p = taxdetails &amp; id = 132096 (accessed 26 August 2021)" type="url" year="2021">
de Voogd 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B1C0FB424A0F29E9" box="[230,278,1213,1239]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
). The new species is allocated in the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFEA1370B242FB414F0529E9" authorityName="Dohrmann" authorityYear="2017" box="[868,1052,1213,1239]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cyliconemaoida">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B242FB414F0529E9" box="[868,1052,1213,1239]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Cyliconemaoida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(formerly 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFEA1370B5B5FB424BC929C2" authority="Lendenfeld, 1915" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1915" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="128" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Leptonema">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B5B5FB424E1629E9" box="[1171,1295,1214,1239]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Leptonema</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFEA1370B430FB414BC929C2" author="von Lendenfeld, R." pageId="7" pageNumber="112" pagination="1 - 396" refId="ref15465" refString="von Lendenfeld, R. (1915) The sponges. 3. Hexactinellida. In: Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer ' Albatross', from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieut. Commander L. M. Garrett, U. S. N., Commanding, and of other expeditions of the ' Albatross', 1891 - 1899 (29). Memoires of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 42 (2), 1 - 396." type="journal article" year="1915">Lendenfeld, 1915</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) due to the presence of amphidiscs with umbels longer than broad and pinular pentactins with shaft thickest at base and whip–like shape (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFEA1370B0E2FAF9482E2821" author="Tabachnick, K. &amp; Menshenina, L." box="[452,823,1285,1311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" pagination="1232 - 1263" refId="ref15055" refString="Tabachnick, K. &amp; Menshenina, L. (2002) Family Hyalonematidae. In: Hooper, J. &amp; van Soest, R. (Eds.), Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, New York, pp. 1232 - 1263. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 127" type="book chapter" year="2002">Tabachnick &amp; Menshenina 2002</bibRefCitation>
; Dohrmann 2017).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFEA1370B1E1FAD54BF92B25" blockId="7.[151,1437,1105,2031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">
Only three species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFEA1370B091FAD54921287D" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1832" box="[439,568,1321,1347]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B091FAD54921287D" box="[439,568,1321,1347]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Hyalonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were previously reported from 
<collectingCountry id="F3187647FFEA1370B2B3FAD548C5287D" box="[917,988,1321,1347]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, none from subgenus 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B5EBFAD64FF8287D" box="[1229,1249,1322,1347]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">H</emphasis>
. (
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFEA1370B5D1FAD54BAA2859" authorityName="Dohrmann" authorityYear="2017" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cyliconemaoida">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B5D1FAD54BAA2859" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Cyliconemaoida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFEA1370B1EBFAB1480D2859" authority="Schulze, 1899" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1899" box="[205,788,1357,1383]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="schmidti" subGenus="Coscinonema">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B1EBFAB14A572859" box="[205,334,1357,1383]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Hyalonema</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B046FAB14AE12859" box="[352,504,1357,1383]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Coscinonema</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B32CFAB149702859" box="[522,617,1357,1383]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">schmidti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFEA1370B357FAB1480D2859" author="Schulze, F. E." box="[625,788,1357,1383]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" refId="ref14822" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1899) Amerikanische Hexactinelliden, nach dem Materiale der Albatross-Expedition. Fischer, Jena, 126 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 85189" type="book" year="1899">Schulze, 1899</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFEA1370B207FAB24E722859" authority="Tabachnick et al., 2009" authorityName="Tabachnick" authorityYear="2009" box="[801,1387,1357,1383]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conqueror" subGenus="Cyliconema">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B207FAB248242859" box="[801,829,1358,1383]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B268FAB148CD2859" box="[846,980,1357,1383]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Cyliconema</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B2C0FAB24F432859" box="[998,1114,1358,1383]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">conqueror</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFEA1370B547FAB14E722859" author="Tabachnick, K. &amp; Menshenina, L. &amp; Lopes, D. &amp; Hajdu, E." box="[1121,1387,1357,1383]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" pagination="1243 - 1250" refId="ref15136" refString="Tabachnick, K., Menshenina, L., Lopes, D. &amp; Hajdu, E. (2009) Two new Hyalonema species (Hyalonematidae: Amphidiscosida) from eastern and south-eastern Brazil, and further Hexactinellida (Porifera) collected from seamounts off south-eastern Brazil by the RV Marion Dufresne MD 55 expedition. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 89, 1243 - 1250. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315409000253" type="journal article" year="2009">
Tabachnick 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B5CCFAB24E3D2859" box="[1258,1316,1357,1383]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFEA1370B1B1FA8E49AC28B5" authority="Tabachnick et al., 2009" authorityName="Tabachnick" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,693,1393,1419]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dufresnei" subGenus="Prionema">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B1B1FA8E4BAA28B5" box="[151,179,1394,1419]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B1E4FA8E4A2928B5" box="[194,304,1394,1419]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Prionema</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B066FA8D4ABE28B5" box="[320,423,1393,1419]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">dufresnei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFEA1370B08BFA8D49AC28B5" author="Tabachnick, K. &amp; Menshenina, L. &amp; Lopes, D. &amp; Hajdu, E." box="[429,693,1393,1419]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" pagination="1243 - 1250" refId="ref15136" refString="Tabachnick, K., Menshenina, L., Lopes, D. &amp; Hajdu, E. (2009) Two new Hyalonema species (Hyalonematidae: Amphidiscosida) from eastern and south-eastern Brazil, and further Hexactinellida (Porifera) collected from seamounts off south-eastern Brazil by the RV Marion Dufresne MD 55 expedition. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 89, 1243 - 1250. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315409000253" type="journal article" year="2009">
Tabachnick 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B312FA8E497528B5" box="[564,620,1393,1419]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Of these, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFEA1370B20FFA8D4FDD28B5" box="[809,1220,1393,1419]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conqueror" subGenus="Cyliconema">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B20FFA8D48B328B5" box="[809,938,1393,1419]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Hyalonema</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B29CFA8D4F5928B5" box="[954,1088,1393,1419]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Cyliconema</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B576FA8E4FDD28B5" box="[1104,1220,1394,1419]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">conqueror</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems closer to the new species in body shape and spiculation, but it differs by having acanthophores stauractins and pinular diactins, which are absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFEA1370B058FA45483928ED" authority="Moser &amp; Moraes &amp; Castello-Branco &amp; Pequeno &amp; Muricy, 2022" authorityName="Moser &amp; Moraes &amp; Castello-Branco &amp; Pequeno &amp; Muricy" authorityYear="2022" box="[382,800,1465,1491]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alucia" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Cyliconemaoida">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B058FA454AE628ED" box="[382,511,1465,1491]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Hyalonema</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B337FA4549D028ED" box="[529,713,1465,1491]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Cyliconemaoida</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B3FCFA45483928ED" box="[730,800,1465,1491]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">alucia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B20FFA45489D28ED" bold="true" box="[809,900,1465,1491]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24857BEFFEA1370B20FFA45489D28ED" box="[809,900,1465,1491]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
In addition, the amphidiscs of the new species present umbels longer than broad, while in 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B35CFA22498F28C9" box="[634,662,1502,1527]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B383FA21483228C9" box="[677,811,1501,1527]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Cyliconema</emphasis>
) they are broader than long (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFEA1370B548FA214BCD2B25" author="Tabachnick, K. &amp; Menshenina, L." pageId="7" pageNumber="112" pagination="1232 - 1263" refId="ref15055" refString="Tabachnick, K. &amp; Menshenina, L. (2002) Family Hyalonematidae. In: Hooper, J. &amp; van Soest, R. (Eds.), Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, New York, pp. 1232 - 1263. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 127" type="book chapter" year="2002">Tabachnick &amp; Menshenina 2002</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFEA1370B1E1F9D949A82A05" blockId="7.[151,1437,1105,2031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">
The subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFEA1370B040F9D949AF2B01" authority="" authorityName="Dohrmann" authorityYear="2017" box="[358,694,1573,1599]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cyliconemaoida">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B040F9D94AFE2B01" box="[358,487,1573,1599]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Hyalonema</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B0D0F9D949B72B01" box="[502,686,1573,1599]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Cyliconemaoida</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
currently contains 10 accepted species (Dohrmann 2017; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFEA1370B412F9D94A092B5D" author="de Voogd, N. J. &amp; Alvarez, B. &amp; Boury-Esnault, N. &amp; Carballo, J. L. &amp; Cardenas, P. &amp; Diaz, M. - C. &amp; Dohrmann, M. &amp; Downey, R. &amp; Hajdu, E. &amp; Hooper, J. &amp; Kelly, M. &amp; Klautau, M. &amp; Manconi, R. &amp; Morrow, C. C. &amp; Pisera, A. B. &amp; Rios, P. &amp; Rutzler, K. &amp; Schonberg, C. &amp; Vacelet, J. &amp; van Soest, R." pageId="7" pageNumber="112" refId="ref11335" refString="de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez, B. Boury-Esnault, N., Carballo, J. L., Cardenas, P., Diaz, M. - C., Dohrmann, M., Downey, R., Hajdu, E., Hooper, J., Kelly, M., Klautau, M., Manconi, R., Morrow, C. C., Pisera, A. B., Rios, P., Rutzler, K., Schonberg, C., Vacelet, J. &amp; van Soest, R. (2021) World Porifera Database. Hyalonema Gray, 1832. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera / porifera. php? p = taxdetails &amp; id = 132096 (accessed 26 August 2021)" type="url" year="2021">
de Voogd 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B1B1F9B64BD72B5D" box="[151,206,1609,1635]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
), which differ from the new species by shape and spiculation. 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFEA1370B298F9B54F262B5D" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1832" box="[958,1087,1609,1635]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B298F9B54F262B5D" box="[958,1087,1609,1635]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Hyalonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFEA1370B563F9B54E812B5A" authority="(Levi, 1964)" baseAuthorityName="Levi" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[1093,1432,1609,1636]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="choaniferum" subGenus="Cyliconemaoida">
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B568F9B54F782B5D" box="[1102,1121,1609,1635]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">C</emphasis>
.) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B551F9B54E1C2B5D" box="[1143,1285,1609,1635]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">choaniferum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFEA1370B434F9B54E892B5A" author="Levi, C." box="[1298,1424,1609,1636]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" pagination="63 - 112" refId="ref12888" refString="Levi, C. (1964) Spongiaires des zones bathyale, abyssale et hadale. Galathea Report. Scientific Results of The Danish Deep-Sea Expedition Round the World, 1950 - 52, 7, 63 - 112." type="journal article" year="1964">Lévi, 1964</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFEA1370B1B1F992484F2BB9" authority="Schulze, 1899 sensu Kersken et al. (2018)" authorityName="Kersken" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,854,1645,1671]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ovuliferum" subGenus="Cyliconemaoida">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B1B1F9924BAA2BB9" box="[151,179,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B1E2F9914BC72BB9" box="[196,222,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">C.</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B1D6F9914A702BB9" box="[240,361,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">ovuliferum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFEA1370B054F991490A2BB9" author="Schulze, F. E." box="[370,531,1645,1671]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" refId="ref14822" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1899) Amerikanische Hexactinelliden, nach dem Materiale der Albatross-Expedition. Fischer, Jena, 126 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 85189" type="book" year="1899">Schulze, 1899</bibRefCitation>
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B33AF99249432BB9" box="[540,602,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFEA1370B344F991484F2BB9" author="Kersken, D. &amp; Janussen, D. &amp; Martinez-Arbizu, P." box="[610,854,1645,1671]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" pagination="545 - 573" refId="ref12534" refString="Kersken, D., Janussen, D. &amp; Martinez-Arbizu, P. (2018) Deep-sea glass sponges (Hexactinellida) from polymetallic nodule fields in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCFZ), northeastern Pacific: Part I - Amphidiscophora. Marine Biodiversity, 48, 545 - 573. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 017 - 0727 - y" type="journal article" year="2018">
Kersken 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B3EFF992481A2BB9" box="[713,771,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B2B6F99248B52BB9" box="[912,940,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B29BF99148C92BB9" box="[957,976,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">C</emphasis>
.) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B2CFF9924F072BB9" box="[1001,1054,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">urna</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFEA1370B500F9914FDE2BB9" author="Schulze, F. E." box="[1062,1223,1645,1671]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" pagination="1 - 266" refId="ref14861" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1904) Hexactinellida. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer &quot; Valdivia &quot; 1898 - 1899, 4, 1 - 266. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 85181" type="journal article" year="1904">Schulze, 1904</bibRefCitation>
differ by having a spherical to ovoid shape, with an apical oscular tube surrounded by marginalia. In addition, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFEA1370B586F96E4E762B95" box="[1184,1391,1681,1707]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ovuliferum" subGenus="Cyliconemaoida">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B586F96E4FA52B95" box="[1184,1212,1682,1707]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B5EAF96D4FFF2B95" box="[1228,1254,1681,1707]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">C.</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B5D0F96D4E762B95" box="[1270,1391,1681,1707]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">ovuliferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has ovoid to ellipsoidal macramphidiscs and pinular diactins; 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B202F94A48592BF1" box="[804,832,1718,1743]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B276F949487A2BF1" box="[848,867,1717,1743]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">C</emphasis>
.) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B25DF94A48A92BF1" box="[891,944,1718,1743]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">urna</emphasis>
has acanthophores and marginalia diactins; and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFEA1370B1E3F9264ABE2BCD" baseAuthorityName="Levi" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[197,423,1753,1779]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="choaniferum" subGenus="Cyliconemaoida">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B1E3F9264BF82BCD" box="[197,225,1754,1779]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B1D6F9254A1A2BCD" box="[240,259,1753,1779]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">C</emphasis>
.) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B03FF9254ABE2BCD" box="[281,423,1753,1779]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">choaniferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has ovoid macramphidics with long-teethed umbels and pinular pentactins with long proximal ray. 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFEA1370B1DBF9014A672A29" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1832" box="[253,382,1789,1815]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B1DBF9014A672A29" box="[253,382,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Hyalonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B0B7F9014ABD2A29" box="[401,420,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">C</emphasis>
.) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B09BF90149202A29" box="[445,569,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">campanula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFEA1370B365F90148172A26" author="von Lendenfeld, R." box="[579,782,1789,1816]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" pagination="1 - 396" refId="ref15465" refString="von Lendenfeld, R. (1915) The sponges. 3. Hexactinellida. In: Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer ' Albatross', from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieut. Commander L. M. Garrett, U. S. N., Commanding, and of other expeditions of the ' Albatross', 1891 - 1899 (29). Memoires of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 42 (2), 1 - 396." type="journal article" year="1915">Lendenfeld, 1915</bibRefCitation>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFEA1370B23AF90248E92A29" box="[796,1008,1789,1815]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ovuliferum" subGenus="Cyliconemaoida">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B23AF90248212A29" box="[796,824,1790,1815]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B26CF901487D2A29" box="[842,868,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">C.</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B251F90148E92A29" box="[887,1008,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">ovuliferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFEA1370B50DF9024E852A29" authority="Schulze, 1887" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1887" box="[1067,1436,1789,1815]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="divergens" subGenus="Cyliconemaoida">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B50DF9024F262A29" box="[1067,1087,1790,1815]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">H</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B57FF9014F6A2A29" box="[1113,1139,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">C.</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B5A0F9014FEB2A29" box="[1158,1266,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">divergens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFEA1370B5DDF9014E852A29" author="Schulze, F. E." box="[1275,1436,1789,1815]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" pagination="1 - 514" refId="ref14731" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1887) Report on the Hexactinellida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 21, 1 - 514." type="journal article" year="1887">Schulze, 1887</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
have pinular diactins, absent in the new species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFEA137FB1E1F8B94AB32C23" blockId="7.[151,1437,1105,2031]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,753]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">
The new species is characterized by the presence of spined microxypentactins, the proximal ray of the pinular pentactins being straight and with relatively long spines, and by the almost rectangular shape of its macramphidiscs, in which the umbel teeth become parallel to the shaft. In most other species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFEA1370B538F8714E682A99" authority="" authorityName="Dohrmann" authorityYear="2017" box="[1054,1393,1933,1959]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cyliconemaoida">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B538F8714F862A99" box="[1054,1183,1933,1959]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Hyalonema</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B597F8714E702A99" box="[1201,1385,1933,1959]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Cyliconemaoida</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
the macramphidiscs umbels are ovoid [
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFEA1370B30AF84E49E72AF5" box="[556,766,1969,1995]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ovuliferum" subGenus="Cyliconemaoida">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B30AF84E49512AF5" box="[556,584,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B37FF84D496A2AF5" box="[601,627,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">C.</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B3A3F84D49E72AF5" box="[645,766,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">ovuliferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFEA1370B21EF84E4FA02AF5" authority="(Levi, 1964)" baseAuthorityName="Levi" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[824,1209,1968,1995]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="choaniferum" subGenus="Cyliconemaoida">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B21EF84E484D2AF5" box="[824,852,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B243F84D48662AF5" box="[869,895,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">C.</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B2B7F84D4F062AF5" box="[913,1055,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">choaniferum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFEA1370B509F84D4FA82AF5" author="Levi, C." box="[1071,1201,1968,1995]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" pagination="63 - 112" refId="ref12888" refString="Levi, C. (1964) Spongiaires des zones bathyale, abyssale et hadale. Galathea Report. Scientific Results of The Danish Deep-Sea Expedition Round the World, 1950 - 52, 7, 63 - 112." type="journal article" year="1964">Lévi, 1964</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
], campanulate, with straight teeth diverging outwards [
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B338F82A492B2AD1" box="[542,562,2006,2031]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">H</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B36AF82949462AD1" box="[588,607,2005,2031]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">C</emphasis>
.) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B351F82949EA2AD1" box="[631,755,2005,2031]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">campanula</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFEA1370B20BF82A48EB2AD1" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1887" box="[813,1010,2005,2031]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="divergens" subGenus="Cyliconemaoida">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B20BF82A48582AD1" box="[813,833,2006,2031]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">H</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B27CF829486D2AD1" box="[858,884,2005,2031]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">C.</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B2A0F82948EB2AD1" box="[902,1010,2005,2031]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">divergens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], or hemispherical to bell-shaped [
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFEA1370B4A7F82A4E8C2AD1" box="[1409,1429,2006,2031]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">H</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB187FF6B4BAD2D8F" box="[161,180,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">C</emphasis>
.) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB1E8FF6B4A212D8F" box="[206,312,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">acuferum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB064FF6B4AFE2D8F" author="Schulze, F. E." box="[322,487,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="541 - 589" refId="ref14791" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1893) Revision des systemes der Hyalonematiden. Sitzungsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 30, 541 - 589." type="journal article" year="1893">Schulze, 1893</bibRefCitation>
; 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB0D0FF6B49132D8E" box="[502,522,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">H</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB302FF6B492E2D8F" box="[548,567,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">C</emphasis>
.) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB374FF6B49B22D8F" box="[594,683,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">solutum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB392FF6B48402D8F" author="Schulze, F. E." box="[692,857,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="1 - 266" refId="ref14861" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1904) Hexactinellida. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer &quot; Valdivia &quot; 1898 - 1899, 4, 1 - 266. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 85181" type="journal article" year="1904">Schulze, 1904</bibRefCitation>
; 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB24EFF6B489D2D8E" box="[872,900,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB2B1FF6B48B32D8F" box="[919,938,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">C</emphasis>
.) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB2E2FF6B4F4C2D8F" box="[964,1109,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">flagelliferum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB579FF6B4FFE2D8F" author="Ijima, I." box="[1119,1255,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="1899 - 1900" refId="ref12372" refString="Ijima, I. (1927) The Hexactinellida of the Siboga Expedition. In: Weber, M. (Ed.), Siboga-Expeditie. Uitkomsten op zoologisch, botanisch, oceanographisch en geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-lndie 1899 - 1900 aan boord H. M. ' Siboga' onder commando van Luitenant ter zee 1 e kl. G. F. Tydemann. Vol. 106. Monographie VI. E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 1 - 383." type="book chapter" year="1927">Ijima, 1927</bibRefCitation>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE5137FB5D0FF6B4AD92DEB" authority="Tabachnick &amp; Levi, 2000" authorityName="Tabachnick &amp; Levi" authorityYear="2000" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spatha" subGenus="Cyliconemaoida">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB5D0FF6B4E082D8E" box="[1270,1297,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB402FF6B4E272D8F" box="[1316,1342,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">C.</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB474FF6B4E842D8F" box="[1362,1437,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">spatha</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB1B1FF474AD92DEB" author="Tabachnick, K. &amp; Levi, C." box="[151,448,187,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="53 - 140" refId="ref14997" refString="Tabachnick, K. &amp; Levi, C. (2000) Porifera Hexactinellida: Amphidiscophora off New Caledonia. In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM. Vol. 21. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Series A, Zoologie, 184, 53 - 140." type="journal article" year="2000">Tabachnick &amp; Lévi, 2000</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB0E8FF474AFB2DEA" box="[462,482,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">H</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB0DAFF4749162DEB" box="[508,527,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">C</emphasis>
.) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB30EFF4749442DEA" box="[552,605,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">urna</emphasis>
]. The only other species with almost rectangular macramphidiscs in the subgenus is 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE5137FB005FF2348292DC7" authority="Barboza du Bocage, 1864" authorityName="Barboza du Bocage" authorityYear="1864" box="[291,816,223,249]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lusitanicum" subGenus="Cyliconemaoida">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB005FF234A262DC6" box="[291,319,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB076FF234A732DC7" box="[336,362,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">C.</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB05AFF234AE62DC7" box="[380,511,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">lusitanicum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB321FF2348292DC7" author="Barboza du Bocage, J. V." box="[519,816,223,249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="265 - 269" refId="ref10592" refString="Barboza du Bocage, J. V. (1864) Note sur la decouverte d'un Zoophyte de la famille Hyalochaetides sur la cote du Portugal. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1864, 265 - 269." type="journal article" year="1864">Barboza du Bocage, 1864</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which however differs by having also stauractins and parenchymal monactins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE5137FB1E1FEDB49B62C93" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE5137FB1E1FEDB4A512C7F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1832" box="[199,328,295,321]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB1E1FEDB4A512C7F" box="[199,328,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Hyalonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB07CFEDB4A742C7F" box="[346,365,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">C</emphasis>
.) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB0A3FEDB490F2C7F" box="[389,534,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">flagelliferum</emphasis>
from the Banda Sea differs from the new species by the much longer proximal ray of the pinular pentactins (500–800 µm long), the presence of acanthophores (stauractins), the absence of microxypentactins and microxyhexactins, and by the larger size and different shape of its macramphidiscs (220–418 µm long, with bell-shaped umbels; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB302FE6F49BA2C93" author="Ijima, I." box="[548,675,403,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="1899 - 1900" refId="ref12372" refString="Ijima, I. (1927) The Hexactinellida of the Siboga Expedition. In: Weber, M. (Ed.), Siboga-Expeditie. Uitkomsten op zoologisch, botanisch, oceanographisch en geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-lndie 1899 - 1900 aan boord H. M. ' Siboga' onder commando van Luitenant ter zee 1 e kl. G. F. Tydemann. Vol. 106. Monographie VI. E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 1 - 383." type="book chapter" year="1927">Ijima 1927</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE5137FB1E1FE4B48D32F03" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE5137FB1E1FE4B4AD42CEF" authorityName="Tabachnick &amp; Levi" authorityYear="2000" box="[199,461,439,465]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spatha" subGenus="Cyliconemaoida">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB1E1FE4B4A512CEF" box="[199,328,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Hyalonema</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB07EFE4B4A6B2CEF" box="[344,370,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">C.</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB0A4FE4B4AD42CEF" box="[386,461,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">spatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F3187647FFE5137FB337FE4B49A62CEF" box="[529,703,439,465]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
differs by the abundant canalar depressions on the apical surface, the presence of acanthophores (sword-like stauractins) and pinular diactins, the absence of hexactins, microxypentactins, microxyhexactins and mesamphidiscs, and by the smaller size and different shape of its macramphidiscs (25–148 µm long, with divergent umbel teeth; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB385FDDF48A62F03" author="Tabachnick, K. &amp; Levi, C." box="[675,959,547,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="53 - 140" refId="ref14997" refString="Tabachnick, K. &amp; Levi, C. (2000) Porifera Hexactinellida: Amphidiscophora off New Caledonia. In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM. Vol. 21. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Series A, Zoologie, 184, 53 - 140." type="journal article" year="2000">Tabachnick &amp; Lévi 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036D7FFE5137FB1E1FDBB49AA2FCF" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE5137FB1E1FDBB49772F5F" authority="Moser &amp; Moraes &amp; Castello-Branco &amp; Pequeno &amp; Muricy, 2022" authorityName="Moser &amp; Moraes &amp; Castello-Branco &amp; Pequeno &amp; Muricy" authorityYear="2022" box="[199,622,583,609]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alucia" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Cyliconemaoida">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB1E1FDBB4A512F5F" box="[199,328,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Hyalonema</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB07AFDBB490D2F5F" box="[348,532,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">Cyliconemaoida</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB30EFDBB49772F5F" box="[552,622,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">alucia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB35EFDBB49CC2F5F" bold="true" box="[632,725,583,609]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24857BEFFE5137FB35EFDBB49CC2F5F" box="[632,725,583,609]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is the first species of the subgenus described in the Western Atlantic, while all others occur in the Indian and Pacific oceans. It is also the shallowest record of the subgenus, at 
<quantity id="4CF79B32FFE5137FB1B1FD734BC62F97" box="[151,223,655,681]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.78" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" unit="m" value="378.0">378 m</quantity>
depth, while 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D54FFE5137FB05EFD7349032F97" authorityName="Tabachnick &amp; Levi" authorityYear="2000" box="[376,538,655,681]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spatha" subGenus="Cyliconemaoida">
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB05EFD734A952F96" box="[376,396,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">H</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB082FD734AAE2F97" box="[420,439,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">C</emphasis>
.) 
<emphasis id="B97BEAC5FFE5137FB0E9FD7349032F97" box="[463,538,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="113">spatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs from 
<quantity id="4CF79B32FFE5137FB389FD73484D2F97" box="[687,852,654,681]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.47" metricValueMax="10.05" metricValueMin="4.89" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" unit="m" value="747.0" valueMax="1005.0" valueMin="489.0">489 to 1005 m</quantity>
depth (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB28EFD734FDD2F97" author="Tabachnick, K. &amp; Levi, C." box="[936,1220,655,681]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="53 - 140" refId="ref14997" refString="Tabachnick, K. &amp; Levi, C. (2000) Porifera Hexactinellida: Amphidiscophora off New Caledonia. In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM. Vol. 21. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Series A, Zoologie, 184, 53 - 140." type="journal article" year="2000">Tabachnick &amp; Lévi 2000</bibRefCitation>
) and the other species occur from 
<quantity id="4CF79B32FFE5137FB06BFD4E4AE42FF3" box="[333,509,690,717]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4135" metricValueMax="5.3" metricValueMin="1.527" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" unit="m" value="3413.5" valueMax="5300.0" valueMin="1527.0">1527 to 5300 m</quantity>
depth (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB377FD4F49F72FF3" author="Schulze, F. E." box="[593,750,691,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="1 - 514" refId="ref14731" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1887) Report on the Hexactinellida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 21, 1 - 514." type="journal article" year="1887">Schulze 1887</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB3DFFD4F482D2FF3" author="Schulze, F. E." box="[761,820,691,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="541 - 589" refId="ref14791" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1893) Revision des systemes der Hyalonematiden. Sitzungsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 30, 541 - 589." type="journal article" year="1893">1893</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB219FD4F48632FF3" author="Schulze, F. E." box="[831,890,691,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" refId="ref14822" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1899) Amerikanische Hexactinelliden, nach dem Materiale der Albatross-Expedition. Fischer, Jena, 126 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 85189" type="book" year="1899">1899</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB2A3FD4F48D92FF3" author="Schulze, F. E." box="[901,960,691,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="1 - 266" refId="ref14861" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1904) Hexactinellida. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer &quot; Valdivia &quot; 1898 - 1899, 4, 1 - 266. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 85181" type="journal article" year="1904">1904</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB2EAFD4F4F942FF3" author="von Lendenfeld, R." box="[972,1165,690,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="1 - 396" refId="ref15465" refString="von Lendenfeld, R. (1915) The sponges. 3. Hexactinellida. In: Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer ' Albatross', from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieut. Commander L. M. Garrett, U. S. N., Commanding, and of other expeditions of the ' Albatross', 1891 - 1899 (29). Memoires of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 42 (2), 1 - 396." type="journal article" year="1915">Lendenfeld 1915</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4B26FFE5137FB5BFFD4F4E0F2FF3" author="Ijima, I." box="[1177,1302,691,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="113" pagination="1899 - 1900" refId="ref12372" refString="Ijima, I. (1927) The Hexactinellida of the Siboga Expedition. In: Weber, M. (Ed.), Siboga-Expeditie. Uitkomsten op zoologisch, botanisch, oceanographisch en geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-lndie 1899 - 1900 aan boord H. M. ' Siboga' onder commando van Luitenant ter zee 1 e kl. G. F. Tydemann. Vol. 106. Monographie VI. E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 1 - 383." type="book chapter" year="1927">Ijima 1927</bibRefCitation>
; 
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>