639 lines
82 KiB
XML
639 lines
82 KiB
XML
<document id="842182451C20BA6F8BE8754E127B5324" ID-CLB-Dataset="46247" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.204006" ID-GBIF-Dataset="309a2eb0-e6c8-4fd5-9c6d-7e676064fa25" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="204006" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460394988964" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bravo-Valencia, Laura & Rivera-Correa, Mauricio" docDate="2011" docId="2630205DFFC5FFECFF6B148FFA4BFE2D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03045p067.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3045" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Atelopus nocturnus Bravo-Valencia & Rivera-Correa, 2011, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="DA095825FFC4FFE5FFFC1129FFC9FFAA" masterDocTitle="A new species of harlequin frog (Bufonidae: Atelopus) with an unusual behavior from Andes of Colombia" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1698298643787" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8B37BA67BC3D1293F51065E6F20AC455">A new species of harlequin frog (Bufonidae: Atelopus) with an unusual behavior from Andes of Colombia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C727F75F61DC6B11EF36EB6544F72CA9">Bravo-Valencia, Laura</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="47C4D4D84B1A4F6BC644077FDA5C860B">Rivera-Correa, Mauricio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="754D16DF140FADA81C512499CD7D3228">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E67FCC36622D1EB4951782AA46B1673E">
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<mods:date id="823541836AF1A315B3D5E61BDB0C6E37">2011</mods:date>
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<treatment id="2630205DFFC5FFECFF6B148FFA4BFE2D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5673110" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119417924" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5673110" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2630205DFFC5FFECFF6B148FFA4BFE2D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2630205DFFC5FFECFF6B148FFA4BFE2D" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
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<subSubSection id="E683C2C0FFC5FFE4FF6B148FFEE6FA4B" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="AE26914BFFC5FFE4FF6B148FFE39FA6A" blockId="1.[151,496,1446,1505]" box="[151,496,1446,1472]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
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<heading id="F56E2627FFC5FFE4FF6B148FFE39FA6A" bold="true" box="[151,496,1446,1472]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC5FFE4FF6B148FFE39FA6A" bold="true" box="[151,496,1446,1472]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC5FFE4FF6B148FFE4DFA6A" ID-CoL="J8ZR" box="[151,388,1446,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC5FFE4FF6B148FFE4DFA6A" bold="true" box="[151,388,1446,1472]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Atelopus nocturnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="87DEF022FFC5FFE4FE6E148FFE39FA6A" box="[402,496,1446,1472]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AE26914BFFC5FFE4FF6B14E0FEE6FA4B" blockId="1.[151,496,1446,1505]" box="[151,303,1481,1505]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
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(
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<figureCitation id="36A28DCEFFC5FFE4FF6214E0FEECFA4B" box="[158,293,1481,1505]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1650,1673]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1638,1661]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1934,1957]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,250,1583,1606]" captionStartId-4="6.[151,250,1070,1093]" captionStartId-5="7.[151,250,1923,1946]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,702,1629]" captionTargetBox-1="[163,1427,991,1601]" captionTargetBox-2="[174,1404,648,1904]" captionTargetBox-3="[358,1261,213,1561]" captionTargetBox-4="[156,1425,208,1040]" captionTargetBox-5="[160,1428,1001,1895]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,702,1629]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,985,1617]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[162,1425,639,1912]" captionTargetId-3="figure@5.[288,1298,193,1562]" captionTargetId-4="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1049]" captionTargetId-5="figure@7.[151,1436,1000,1902]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionTargetPageId-5="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Atelopus nocturnus sp. nov. (MHUA 5280, holotype; adult female in life, SVL = 33.0 mm). Photograph by L. Bravo-Valencia." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Lateral (left) and dorsal (right) aspects of the head of Atelopus nocturnus sp. nov. (MHUA 5280, holotype). Scale bar = 5 mm. Drawings by M. Rivera-Correa." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Hand (left) and foot (right) of Atelopus nocturnus sp. nov. (MHUA 5280, holotype). Scale bar = 5 mm. Drawings by M. Rivera-Correa." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Arrow indicating nuptial excrescences (keratinous spines) on Finger I of the hand of an adult male Atelopus nocturnus sp. nov. (MHUA 5283, paratopotype). Photograph by M. Rivera-Correa." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Distributional map of Atelopus nocturnus sp. nov. in Colombia. Solid circles indicate type localities and the unique distribution current known for the new species." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Ven t ral color pattern v ariation of male Atelopus nocturnus sp. nov. Left to right: MHUA 2472 (SVL = 25.0 mm), MHUA 5281 (SVL = 22.5 mm), MHUA 5282 (SVL = 24.1 mm), MHUA 5283 (SVL = 20.1 mm), MHUA 5284 (SVL = 23.4 mm), MHUA 5286 (SVL = 24.2 mm). Photograph by M. Rivera-Correa." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/204007/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/204008/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/204009/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/204010/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/204011/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/204012/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Figures 1–6</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E683C2C0FFC5FFE4FF6B173BFE24F8E3" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="AE26914BFFC5FFE4FF6B173BFB50F9DB" blockId="1.[151,1436,1553,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC5FFE4FF6B173BFEC2F980" bold="true" box="[151,267,1554,1578]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
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<typeStatus id="71222FE9FFC5FFE4FF6B173BFECFF980" box="[151,262,1554,1578]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="C888098EFFC5FFE4FEEE173BFEA1F980" box="[274,360,1554,1578]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6ppa-9xtx" name="Museo de Herpetologia de la Universidad de Antioquia" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">MHUA</collectionCode>
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5280, adult female, from Reserva Natural “Arrierito Antioqueño” (
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<geoCoordinate id="CBADF78CFFC5FFE4FBA31738FB27F983" box="[1119,1262,1553,1577]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" precision="1" value="6.9807">06 58.842 N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="CBADF78CFFC5FFE4FB061738FA46F983" box="[1274,1423,1553,1577]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" precision="1" value="-75.00187">75 0 6.738 W</geoCoordinate>
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), quebrada El Oso, vereda El Roble, municipio de Anorí, Departamento de Antioquia,
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<collectingCountry id="D68ED1DBFFC5FFE4FBA9171CFB0FF9E7" box="[1109,1222,1589,1613]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<quantity id="69613CAEFFC5FFE4FB2E171CFAEEF9E7" box="[1234,1319,1589,1613]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="1670.0">1670 m</quantity>
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elevation, collected by Laura Bravo-Valencia, Claudia Molina and Natalia Silva on
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<date id="DA27B78BFFC5FFE4FC371770FB5CF9DB" box="[971,1173,1625,1649]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" value="2007-02-15">15 February 2007</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AE26914BFFC5FFE4FF3B1754FDF5F977" blockId="1.[151,1436,1553,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC5FFE4FF3B1754FEB3F93F" bold="true" box="[199,378,1661,1685]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Paratopotypes.</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="C888098EFFC5FFE4FE781757FE10F93C" box="[388,473,1662,1686]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6ppa-9xtx" name="Museo de Herpetologia de la Universidad de Antioquia" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">MHUA</collectionCode>
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5279, same data as
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<typeStatus id="71222FE9FFC5FFE4FD391754FCE2F93F" box="[709,811,1661,1685]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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<collectionCode id="C888098EFFC5FFE4FCCB1757FC44F93C" box="[823,909,1662,1686]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6ppa-9xtx" name="Museo de Herpetologia de la Universidad de Antioquia" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">MHUA</collectionCode>
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5281, 5282 (cleared-and-stained preparation), 5283-84, 5286, adult males, and
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<collectionCode id="C888098EFFC5FFE4FDF9178BFD92F910" box="[517,603,1698,1722]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6ppa-9xtx" name="Museo de Herpetologia de la Universidad de Antioquia" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">MHUA</collectionCode>
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5285, adult female, all obtained from
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<typeStatus id="71222FE9FFC5FFE4FBF4178BFBF1F910" box="[1032,1080,1698,1722]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
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||
locality by Laura Bravo-Valencia and Claudia Molina on
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<date id="DA27B78BFFC5FFE4FE3B17ECFDF1F977" box="[455,568,1733,1757]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" value="2007-07">July 2007</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AE26914BFFC5FFE4FF3B17C3FE24F8E3" blockId="1.[151,1436,1553,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC5FFE4FF3B17C3FE8FF8A8" bold="true" box="[199,326,1770,1794]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
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<typeStatus id="71222FE9FFC5FFE4FF3B17C3FE88F8A8" box="[199,321,1770,1794]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="C888098EFFC5FFE4FEB217C3FE6DF8A8" box="[334,420,1770,1794]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6ppa-9xtx" name="Museo de Herpetologia de la Universidad de Antioquia" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">MHUA</collectionCode>
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2472, adult male, from Bosque El Chaquiral (0659’N, 7507’W), vereda El Retiro, municipio de Anorí, Departamento de Antioquia,
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<collectingCountry id="D68ED1DBFFC5FFE4FD6A1624FCCEF88F" box="[662,775,1805,1829]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<quantity id="69613CAEFFC5FFE4FCE81624FCA2F88F" box="[788,875,1805,1829]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.875" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="1875.0">1875 m</quantity>
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elevation, collected by Jenny Urbina and Sandra Galeano on
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<date id="DA27B78BFFC5FFE4FEE21618FE20F8E3" box="[286,489,1841,1865]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" value="2003-02-12">12 February 2003</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E683C2C0FFC5FFE6FF3B167CFD40FC0E" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="AE26914BFFC5FFE7FF3B167CFBECFD23" blockId="1.[151,1436,1553,2010]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,649]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC5FFE4FF3B167CFE88F8C4" bold="true" box="[199,321,1877,1902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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This species described here is assigned to
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<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC5FFE4FCCF167CFC5CF8C7" box="[819,917,1877,1901]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC5FFE4FCCF167CFC5CF8C7" box="[819,917,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Atelopus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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because it has the combination of characters diagnostic of the genus (
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<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC5FFE4FE511653FE22F83B" box="[429,491,1914,1937]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">sensu</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="CA08ECBAFFC5FFE4FE0F1650FD71F83B" author="McDiarmid" box="[499,696,1913,1937]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" refString="McDiarmid, R. W. (1971) Comparative morphology and evolution of frogs of the neotropical genera Atelopus, Dendrophryniscus, Melanophryniscus, and Oreophrynella. Bulletin of the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History Science, 12, 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1971">McDiarmid 1971</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="CA08ECBAFFC5FFE4FD381650FC85F83B" author="Lynch" box="[708,844,1913,1937]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1993) A new harlequin frog from the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia (Anura: Bufonidae: Atelopus). Alytes, 11, 77 - 87" type="journal article" year="1993">Lynch 1993</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="CA08ECBAFFC5FFE4FCA41653FC25F83B" author="Lotters" box="[856,1004,1913,1937]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" refString="Lotters, S. (1996) The Neotropical Toad Genus Atelopus. Checklist - Biology - Distribution. Vences & Glaw, Cologne." type="book" year="1996">Lötters 1996</bibRefCitation>
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): head usually longer than broad, with the snout strongly acuminate from above and typically acute in lateral view, the lateral nares are close to the tip of the snout, an external tympanum absent, a prominent supratympanic crest present, first digit of the hand is reduced, evident sexual dimorphism in size and color, axillary amplexus, arboreal habits and individuals associated with streams. In addition, to lack the terminal phalange in the thumb (observed in the specimen cleared-and-stained, MHUA 5282).
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<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC6FFE7FEBE11C9FDD2FF52" box="[322,539,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
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||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC6FFE7FEBE11C9FDD2FF52" box="[322,539,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Atelopus nocturnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="36A28DCEFFC6FFE7FDD711F6FDA4FF5D" box="[555,621,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1650,1673]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,702,1629]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,702,1629]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Atelopus nocturnus sp. nov. (MHUA 5280, holotype; adult female in life, SVL = 33.0 mm). Photograph by L. Bravo-Valencia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204007/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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||
,
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||
<figureCitation id="36A28DCEFFC6FFE7FD8711F6FD43FF5D" box="[635,650,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1638,1661]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,991,1601]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,985,1617]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lateral (left) and dorsal (right) aspects of the head of Atelopus nocturnus sp. nov. (MHUA 5280, holotype). Scale bar = 5 mm. Drawings by M. Rivera-Correa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204008/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">2</figureCitation>
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||
A), is a harlequin frog distinguished from other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC6FFE7FAEB11C9FAB0FF52" box="[1303,1401,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC6FFE7FAEB11C9FAB0FF52" box="[1303,1401,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Atelopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following combination of characters: (1) A moderate-sized species (SVL in females 33.0–34.3, n = 3; males 20.1–25.0, n =6); (2) hind limbs short (TL/SVL = 0.40–0.43, n = 9); (3) phalangeal formula of hand 1–2–3–3, basal webbing present; (4) foot webbing formula I (0- – 0) — (0+ – 1-) II (0- – 0) — (1 1/2–1 3/4) III (0 – 0+) — (2 – 3-) IV (2 – 3-) — (0 – 0+) V; (5) snout acuminate, protruding beyond lower jaw; (6) tympanic membrane, tympanic annulus and stapes absent; (7) dorsal surfaces of body bear a few scattered small warts and spiculae; (8) white coni over warts (cream in preservative) present on arm and postocular region; (9) postocular crest and vertebral neural processes conspicuous; (10) dorsum dark reddish brown to orange-brown on the flank surfaces in females, dorsum and flank surfaces dark brown in males; (11) venter uniform bright orange in females (cream in preservative) and white to cream in males with dark brown irregular stripes and blotches; (12) throat and ventral region smooth in females, and skin below vent areolate in males; (13) palmar hand and plantar foot dark orange in females and light orange in males; (14) iris bright yellow with fine reticulation and spots in brown and black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="FAE6C1C3FFC6FFE7FF6B175BFEF5F90D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204007/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" targetBox="[151,1436,702,1629]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="AE26914BFFC6FFE7FF6B175BFEF5F90D" blockId="2.[151,1436,1650,1703]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC6FFE7FF6B175BFEDCF922" bold="true" box="[151,277,1650,1673]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC6FFE7FEE1175AFE2AF923" box="[285,483,1651,1673]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC6FFE7FEE1175AFE2AF923" box="[285,483,1651,1673]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Atelopus nocturnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="87DEF022FFC6FFE7FE10175AFDF7F922" box="[492,574,1651,1672]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC6FFE7FE10175AFDF7F922" bold="true" box="[492,574,1651,1672]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(MHUA 5280, holotype; adult female in life, SVL = 33.0 mm). Photograph by L. Bravo-Valencia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="AE26914BFFC6FFE6FF3B17F9FD40FC0E" blockId="2.[151,1436,1743,2020]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,932]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC6FFE7FF3B17F9FDBBF94D" box="[199,626,1743,1767]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Comparison with congeneric species.</emphasis>
|
||
The diagnostic characters readily distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC6FFE7FB7D17E6FA95F94D" box="[1153,1372,1743,1767]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC6FFE7FB7D17E6FA95F94D" box="[1153,1372,1743,1767]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Atelopus nocturnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the all described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC6FFE7FEA617DAFE75F8A1" box="[346,444,1779,1803]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC6FFE7FEA617DAFE75F8A1" box="[346,444,1779,1803]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Atelopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. We compare with some similar species and other species with relatively close geographical distribution (in spite of micro-endemism known in the genus).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC6FFE7FC13163EFB66F885" box="[1007,1199,1815,1839]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carauta">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC6FFE7FC13163EFB66F885" box="[1007,1199,1815,1839]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Atelopus carauta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the new species by adult size is significantly larger, in having
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC6FFE7FD121612FC63F8F9" box="[750,938,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">canthus rostralis</emphasis>
|
||
and postocular crest yellowish, tubercles on flanks and thighs and belly yellow (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA08ECBAFFC6FFE7FDC41676FB84F8DD" author="Ruiz-Carranza" box="[568,1101,1887,1911]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" refString="Ruiz-Carranza, P. M. & Hernandez-Camacho, J. A. (1978) Una nueva especie colombiana de Atelopus (Amphibia: Bufonidae). Caldasia, 12, 181 - 197." type="journal article" year="1978">Ruiz-Carranza and Hernández-Camacho 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC6FFE7FB9F1676FA80F8DD" box="[1123,1353,1887,1911]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chocoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC6FFE7FB9F1676FA80F8DD" box="[1123,1353,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Atelopus chocoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC6FFE7FEF916AAFE51F831" box="[261,408,1923,1947]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC6FFE7FEF916AAFE51F831" box="[261,408,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">A. nocturnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by being larger, having snout more projected, postocular crest more developed, dorsum green-brown, cream yellow flanks with brown spots and belly yellow cream in females (Lötters 1992, Lötters 2005).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC6FFE7FF1A16E2FE21F849" box="[230,488,1995,2019]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galactogaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC6FFE7FF1A16E2FE21F849" box="[230,488,1995,2019]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Atelopus galactogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is different from the new species by larger size, having a slate gray, green-black dorsal coloration, smooth flank lacking spiculae and coni, chest and belly immaculate white uniform except for a small black spot on the throat and a brown on the chest (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA08ECBAFFC7FFE6FD191195FC3DFF7E" author="Rivero" box="[741,1012,188,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" refString="Rivero, J. A. & Serna, M. A. (1993) A new species of Atelopus (Amphibia, Bufonidae) from Antioquia, Colombia. Brenesia, 36, 15 - 20" type="journal article" year="1993">Rivero and Serna 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC7FFE6FBF61195FB28FF7E" box="[1034,1249,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="famelicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC7FFE6FBF61195FB28FF7E" box="[1034,1249,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Atelopus famelicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC7FFE6FF2811C9FEAAFF52" box="[212,355,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC7FFE6FF2811C9FEAAFF52" box="[212,355,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">A. nocturnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a more slender body, presence of dorsolateral stripes and absence to spiculae and coni (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA08ECBAFFC7FFE6FF62102DFE00FEB6" author="Rivero" box="[158,457,260,284]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" refString="Rivero, J. A. & Morales, V. R. (1995) Description of a new species of Atelopus from Departamento del Cauca, Colombia. Brenesia, 38, 29 - 36." type="journal article" year="1995">Rivero and Morales 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC7FFE6FE23102DFD46FEB6" box="[479,655,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lynchi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC7FFE6FE23102DFD46FEB6" box="[479,655,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Atelopus lynchi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC7FFE6FCD7102DFC75FEB6" box="[811,956,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC7FFE6FCD7102DFC75FEB6" box="[811,956,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">A. nocturnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having less project snout, presence of spots yellowish gray on the
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC7FFE6FE2D1001FD47FEEA" box="[465,654,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">canthus rostralis</emphasis>
|
||
and postocular crest, flanks very smooth, and belly bluish gray (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA08ECBAFFC7FFE6FA98100EFEECFECE" author="Cannatella" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" refString="Cannatella, D. C. (1981) A new Atelopus from Ecuador and Colombia. Journal of Herpetology, 15, 133 - 138." type="journal article" year="1981">Cannatella 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC7FFE6FEC51065FDD9FECE" box="[313,528,332,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quimbaya">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC7FFE6FEC51065FDD9FECE" box="[313,528,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Atelopus quimbaya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from the new taxon by having a dorsal surface grey and/or grey greenish with flecks, reticulate or lines brown and eventually yellow spots, a less projected snout, inconspicuous vertebral neural processes, a dark brown venter with yellows marks (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA08ECBAFFC7FFE6FC6F10BDFA92FE06" author="Ruiz-Carranza" box="[915,1371,404,428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" refString="Ruiz-Carranza, P. M. & Osorno-Munoz, M. (1994) Tres nuevas especies de Atelopus A. M. C. Dumeril and Bibron 1841 (Amphibia: Bufonidae) de la Cordillera Central de Colombia. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, 19, 165 - 179." type="journal article" year="1994">Ruiz-Carranza and Osorno-Muñoz 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC7FFE6FA9110BDFE54FE7A" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monohernandezii">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC7FFE6FA9110BDFE54FE7A" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Atelopus monohernandezii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC7FFE6FDCD1091FD09FE7A" box="[561,704,440,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC7FFE6FDCD1091FD09FE7A" box="[561,704,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">A. nocturnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having smooth dorsal surfaces on the head and body, presenting big warts in the flank surfaces and a brown-reddish venter color (Ardila-Robayo
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC7FFE6FBB110F4FBB7FE5E" box="[1101,1150,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2002).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC7FFE6FB2010F5FA52FE5E" box="[1244,1435,476,500]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nicefori">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC7FFE6FB2010F5FA52FE5E" box="[1244,1435,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Atelopus nicefori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from the new species by having a less developed postocular crest, green-yellowish flanks, a dark green or pink-brown dorsum, venter yellow-orange with brown markings on the throat and a green-yellowish palm hand and plantar foot (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA08ECBAFFC7FFE6FE5C136EFDFAFDF5" author="Rivero" box="[416,563,583,607]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" refString="Rivero, J. A. (1963) Five new species of Atelopus from Colombia, with notes on other species from Colombia and Ecuador. Caribbean Journal of Science, 3, 103 - 124." type="journal article" year="1963">Rivero 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC7FFE6FDB61361FCD9FDCA" box="[586,784,584,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanjosei">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC7FFE6FDB61361FCD9FDCA" box="[586,784,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Atelopus sanjosei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from the new taxon by a less projected snout, a smooth dorsal surface, green dorsum with brown marks in reticulate form and a white or yellow venter occasionally with a few small brown blotches (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA08ECBAFFC7FFE6FD5613A6FC7AFD0D" author="Rivero" box="[682,947,655,679]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" refString="Rivero, J. A. & Serna, M. A. (1989) Una nueva especie de Atelopus (Amphibia; Bufonidae) de Colombia. Caribbean Journal of Science, 25, 36 - 40." type="journal article" year="1989">Rivero and Serna 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC7FFE6FC3A13B9FBBFFD02" box="[966,1142,656,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sernai">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC7FFE6FC3A13B9FBBFFD02" box="[966,1142,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Atelopus sernai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC7FFE6FAF013B9FA55FD02" box="[1292,1436,656,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC7FFE6FAF013B9FA55FD02" box="[1292,1436,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">A. nocturnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a shorter snout, inconspicuous vertebral neural processes, a brown dorsum with bright green blotches and plantar hand, palmar foot, arm, and thigh surfaces yellowish (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA08ECBAFFC7FFE6FCAA13FEFAECFD45" author="Ruiz-Carranza" box="[854,1317,727,751]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" refString="Ruiz-Carranza, P. M. & Osorno-Munoz, M. (1994) Tres nuevas especies de Atelopus A. M. C. Dumeril and Bibron 1841 (Amphibia: Bufonidae) de la Cordillera Central de Colombia. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, 19, 165 - 179." type="journal article" year="1994">Ruiz-Carranza and Osorno-Muñoz 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC7FFE6FAC613F1FECAFCBE" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC7FFE6FAC613F1FECAFCBE" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Atelopus simulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the new species by having inconspicuous vertebral neural processes, smooth dorsal head surface, dorsum reticulate green and venter yellowish green with brown blotches (Ruiz-Carranza and Osorno- Muñoz 1994).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC7FFE6FEC0126DFDE2FCF6" box="[316,555,836,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sonsonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC7FFE6FEC0126DFDE2FCF6" box="[316,555,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Atelopus sonsonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the new taxon by having a shorter snout, a blue-green with brown reticulate flanks in males, tibio-fibula length relatively longer and a cloacal opening at midlevel of the thighs (Vélez-Rodríguez and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA08ECBAFFC7FFE6FE6A12A5FDB5FC0E" author="Ruiz-Carranza" box="[406,636,908,932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" refString="Velez-Rodrguez, C., & Ruiz-Carranza, P. M. (1997) Una nueva especie de Atelopus (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) de la Cordillera Central, Colombia. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, 21, 555 - 563." type="journal article" year="1997">Ruiz-Carranza 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="FAE6C1C3FFC7FFE6FF6B174FFD94F931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204008/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" targetBox="[163,1427,991,1601]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="AE26914BFFC7FFE6FF6B174FFD94F931" blockId="3.[151,1436,1638,1691]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC7FFE6FF6B174FFEDAF9D6" bold="true" box="[151,275,1638,1661]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral (left) and dorsal (right) aspects of the head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC7FFE6FCC5174EFC34F9D7" box="[825,1021,1639,1661]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC7FFE6FCC5174EFC34F9D7" box="[825,1021,1639,1661]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Atelopus nocturnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="87DEF022FFC7FFE6FBF8174EFB9DF9D6" box="[1028,1108,1639,1660]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC7FFE6FBF8174EFB9DF9D6" bold="true" box="[1028,1108,1639,1660]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(MHUA 5280, holotype). Scale bar = 5 mm. Drawings by M. Rivera-Correa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E683C2C0FFC7FFE3FF3B17EBFBA4FA09" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="AE26914BFFC7FFE1FF3B17EBFD59FD95" blockId="3.[151,1436,1730,2008]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,575]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC7FFE6FF3B17EBFE2EF971" bold="true" box="[199,487,1730,1755]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="71222FE9FFC7FFE6FE8517EAFE2BF971" box="[377,482,1731,1755]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Head longer than wide, head width less than one third SVL (HDWD/SVL = 0.28); snout acuminate in dorsal view, slightly depressed; in lateral view, profile of tip of snout to the anterior margin of jaw curved and remarkably protuberant (
|
||
<figureCitation id="36A28DCEFFC7FFE6FDA11622FD57F889" box="[605,670,1803,1827]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1650,1673]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,702,1629]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,702,1629]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Atelopus nocturnus sp. nov. (MHUA 5280, holotype; adult female in life, SVL = 33.0 mm). Photograph by L. Bravo-Valencia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204007/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
); nostrils slightly protuberant, directed laterally, situated at posterior of apex of lower jaw;
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC7FFE6FE701606FD81F8ED" box="[396,584,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">canthus rostralis</emphasis>
|
||
distinct, slightly concave from eye to nostril; loreal region concave; lips not flared; interorbital region flat, smooth; eyelid without distinct tubercles; postorbital crest present and conspicuous; tympanic areas covered with warts and coni; tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="36A28DCEFFC7FFE6FB20165EFAEBF825" box="[1244,1314,1911,1935]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1638,1661]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,991,1601]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,985,1617]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lateral (left) and dorsal (right) aspects of the head of Atelopus nocturnus sp. nov. (MHUA 5280, holotype). Scale bar = 5 mm. Drawings by M. Rivera-Correa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204008/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
); temporal area smooth; choanae small, elliptic, widely separated; vomerine teeth absent; tongue three times longer than wide, broadest posteriorly, free for half its length posteriorly, proximal end of tongue lacking pigmentation. Forearm relatively short (FAL/SVL = 0.31); palmar tubercle round; supernumerary palmar tubercles indistinct; thenar and subarticular tubercles distinct; digital tips with round pads; thumb relatively short (THBL/HAND = 0.32), having one phalange; webbing on hands basal, fingers lacking lateral fringes; relative length of fingers III>IV>II>I (
|
||
<figureCitation id="36A28DCEFFC0FFE1FAB411F6FA44FF5D" box="[1352,1421,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1934,1957]" captionTargetBox="[174,1404,648,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[162,1425,639,1912]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Hand (left) and foot (right) of Atelopus nocturnus sp. nov. (MHUA 5280, holotype). Scale bar = 5 mm. Drawings by M. Rivera-Correa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204009/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tibia relatively short (TIBL/SVL = 0.42); fold on distal half of inner edge of tarsus present; inner metatarsal tubercle oval; outer metatarsal tubercle round, raised, about two thirds length of inner metatarsal tubercle; supernumerary plantar tubercles inconspicuous and subarticular tubercles conspicuous; digital pads distinct; webbing formula of foot
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC0FFE1FF15105AFF3DFE21" bold="true" box="[233,244,371,395]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">I</emphasis>
|
||
0- — 0+
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC0FFE1FEAD105AFEAEFE21" bold="true" box="[337,359,371,395]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">II</emphasis>
|
||
0-— 1 1/
|
||
<date id="DA27B78BFFC0FFE1FE401046FE20FE21" box="[444,489,367,395]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
2
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC0FFE1FE34105AFE20FE21" bold="true" box="[456,489,371,395]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">III</emphasis>
|
||
</date>
|
||
0 —
|
||
<date id="DA27B78BFFC0FFE1FDDB105BFDFCFE20" box="[551,565,370,394]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">3</date>
|
||
-
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC0FFE1FDC2105AFD94FE21" bold="true" box="[574,605,371,395]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">IV</emphasis>
|
||
3 — 0
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC0FFE1FD5C105AFD7BFE21" bold="true" box="[672,690,371,395]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">V</emphasis>
|
||
; relative length of toes IV>V> III> II> I. Lateral postocular surfaces bearing numerous warts with coni; undersides of arms tubercled; dorsal surfaces smooth with conspicuous vertebral neural processes and scattered warts and spiculae increasing in number toward arms and anterior and proximal upper surfaces of forelimbs, bearing numerous spiculae evenly distributed; throat, chest, belly, undersides of hind limbs smooth and free of warts; cloacae opens as an inconspicuous tube above the thighs, directed posteriorly; warts present lateral to cloacal opening.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="FAE6C1C3FFC0FFE1FF6B16A7FEBBF869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204009/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" targetBox="[174,1404,648,1904]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="AE26914BFFC0FFE1FF6B16A7FEBBF869" blockId="4.[151,1436,1934,1987]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC0FFE1FF6B16A7FEDAF809" bold="true" box="[151,275,1934,1957]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Hand (left) and foot (right) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC0FFE1FDB116A7FCD8F80E" box="[589,785,1934,1956]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC0FFE1FDB116A7FCD8F80E" box="[589,785,1934,1956]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Atelopus nocturnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="87DEF022FFC0FFE1FCE416A6FCA1F80E" box="[792,872,1935,1956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC0FFE1FCE416A6FCA1F80E" bold="true" box="[792,872,1935,1956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(MHUA 5280, holotype). Scale bar = 5 mm. Drawings by M. Rivera-Correa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="FAE6C1C3FFC1FFE0FF6B1706FC09F9CE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204010/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" targetBox="[358,1261,213,1561]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="AE26914BFFC1FFE0FF6B1706FC09F9CE" blockId="5.[151,1436,1583,1636]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC1FFE0FF6B1706FEDAF9EF" bold="true" box="[151,275,1583,1606]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Arrow indicating nuptial excrescences (keratinous spines) on Finger I of the hand of an adult male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC1FFE0FAF31706FF11F9CE" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC1FFE0FAF31706FF11F9CE" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Atelopus nocturnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="87DEF022FFC1FFE0FF221766FEE7F9CE" box="[222,302,1615,1636]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC1FFE0FF221766FEE7F9CE" bold="true" box="[222,302,1615,1636]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(MHUA 5283, paratopotype). Photograph by M. Rivera-Correa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="AE26914BFFC1FFE0FF3B17A2FEE0F8A5" blockId="5.[151,1437,1675,1988]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC1FFE0FF3B17A2FE69F90E" bold="true" box="[199,416,1675,1700]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Coloration in life.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal surface of head and body dark reddish brown, upper surface of flanks brown to orange; warts with coni cream; throat, chest, belly, and ventral surfaces of limbs bright orange; fingers I and toes I and II pale yellow; palmar hand and plantar foot dark orange. Iris, bright yellow with spots brown and fine black reticulations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AE26914BFFC1FFE0FF3B1632FE36F8D1" blockId="5.[151,1437,1675,1988]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC1FFE0FF3B1632FDC0F89E" bold="true" box="[199,521,1819,1844]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Coloration in preservative.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsum dark brown; flank surfaces, dorsal surfaces of fingers I and toes I and II cream, tips of digits of hand and foot cream dorsally; throat, venter, palmar and plantar surfaces uniform cream, outer metatarsal tubercle cream.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AE26914BFFC1FFE3FF3B16A1FBA4FA09" blockId="5.[151,1437,1675,1988]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,1167,2020]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC1FFE0FF3B16A1FDC4F80A" bold="true" box="[199,525,1927,1952]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Measurements of
|
||
<typeStatus id="71222FE9FFC1FFE0FE6316A1FDC1F80A" box="[415,520,1928,1952]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
SVL: 33.0, HLQS: 11.9, HDWD: 9.1, SW: 8.4, IOED: 8.5, IOID: 3.1, EYDM: 3.8, EYNO: 2.6, ITND: 3.1, NSD: 2.5, HAND: 8.3, THBL: 2.8, FAL: 10.1, FL: 14.4, TIBL: 13.8, FOOT: 12.6
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC2FFE3FF3B15A6FEF2FB02" bold="true" box="[199,315,1167,1192]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric variation is described in
|
||
<tableCitation id="E31BA4F0FFC2FFE3FCE615A6FCBBFB0D" box="[794,882,1167,1191]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[151,1393,201,926]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 1. Variation in measurements (in mm) of the type series of Atelopus nocturnus sp. nov. See text for abbreviations." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FAE6C1C3FFC3FFE2FF6B11B1FAB8FF04" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" tableUuid="FAE6C1C3FFC3FFE2FF6B11B1FAB8FF04">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. Females are larger than males; the forearm of males is swollen; and nuptial pads are evident covering dorsum of finger I in males (
|
||
<figureCitation id="36A28DCEFFC2FFE3FBAB159AFB54FB61" box="[1111,1181,1203,1227]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1583,1606]" captionTargetBox="[358,1261,213,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[288,1298,193,1562]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Arrow indicating nuptial excrescences (keratinous spines) on Finger I of the hand of an adult male Atelopus nocturnus sp. nov. (MHUA 5283, paratopotype). Photograph by M. Rivera-Correa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204010/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). One female (MHUA 5279) differs in having more numerous warts on the dorsum of the body and the flanks; another female (MHUA 5285) presents more warts with coni in the postocular region. In two males (MHUA 5281, 5283), the snouts are acuminate in dorsal view and the tops are sloped anteroventrally in lateral view. In life, dorsal color vary from uniform pale brown (MHUA 5284, male) to reddish brown (MHUA 5285, female); females are bright orange ventrally, whereas in males it varies from white to yellowish cream and has marks and irregular dark brown stripes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="36A28DCEFFC2FFE3FF6314A2FF2DFA09" box="[159,228,1419,1443]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1923,1946]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,1001,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,1000,1902]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ven t ral color pattern v ariation of male Atelopus nocturnus sp. nov. Left to right: MHUA 2472 (SVL = 25.0 mm), MHUA 5281 (SVL = 22.5 mm), MHUA 5282 (SVL = 24.1 mm), MHUA 5283 (SVL = 20.1 mm), MHUA 5284 (SVL = 23.4 mm), MHUA 5286 (SVL = 24.2 mm). Photograph by M. Rivera-Correa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204012/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
); palmar hand and plantar foot dark orange in females and light orange in males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="FAE6C1C3FFC2FFE3FF6B1507FD09FBC9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204011/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" targetBox="[156,1425,208,1040]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="AE26914BFFC2FFE3FF6B1507FD09FBC9" blockId="6.[151,1436,1070,1123]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC2FFE3FF6B1507FEDFFBEE" bold="true" box="[151,278,1070,1093]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Distributional map of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC2FFE3FDF01507FD1AFBEE" box="[524,723,1070,1092]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC2FFE3FDF01507FD1AFBEE" box="[524,723,1070,1092]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Atelopus nocturnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="87DEF022FFC2FFE3FD211506FCF8FBEE" box="[733,817,1071,1092]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC2FFE3FD211506FCF8FBEE" bold="true" box="[733,817,1071,1092]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in Colombia. Solid circles indicate type localities and the unique distribution current known for the new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E683C2C0FFC2FFE3FF3B1499FB23F849" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="AE26914BFFC2FFE3FF3B1499FF0CF9A5" blockId="6.[151,1437,1167,2020]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC2FFE3FF3B1499FE87FA62" bold="true" box="[199,334,1456,1480]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name comes from the Latin adjective
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC2FFE3FC581499FBDDFA6D" box="[932,1044,1456,1479]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC2FFE3FC581499FBDDFA6D" box="[932,1044,1456,1479]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">nocturnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(of the night), in reference to the nocturnal activity of this species, an unusual and previously unknown behavior in other species of the genus
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC2FFE3FAAB14FDFF0CF9A5" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC2FFE3FAAB14FDFF0BF9A5" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Atelopus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AE26914BFFC2FFE3FF3B1732FB23F849" blockId="6.[151,1437,1167,2020]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC2FFE3FF3B1732FD2AF99E" bold="true" box="[199,739,1563,1588]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Geographic distribution and natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
The new species is known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="71222FE9FFC2FFE3FB391735FB3CF99E" box="[1221,1269,1564,1588]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in the northern Cordillera Central, Municipio de Anorí, Departamento de Antioquia,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D68ED1DBFFC2FFE3FBFF1716FBBDF9FD" box="[1027,1140,1599,1623]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, ca.1670 meters above sea level. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="36A28DCEFFC2FFE3FF18174AFEE1F9D1" box="[228,296,1635,1659]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1070,1093]" captionTargetBox="[156,1425,208,1040]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1049]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Distributional map of Atelopus nocturnus sp. nov. in Colombia. Solid circles indicate type localities and the unique distribution current known for the new species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204011/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC2FFE3FE1F174DFDBBF9D6" box="[483,626,1636,1660]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC2FFE3FE1F174DFDBBF9D6" box="[483,626,1636,1660]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">A. nocturnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is composed of remnant secondary very humid pre-montane forest with a high abundance of arboreal ferns, bromeliads and other epiphytes. The annual mean temperature varies from 18 to 24 ºC, with
|
||
<quantity id="69613CAEFFC2FFE3FEC01782FDCCF969" box="[316,517,1707,1731]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="6000.0" valueMax="8000.0" valueMin="4000.0">4000 to 8000 mm</quantity>
|
||
of annual precipitation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA08ECBAFFC2FFE3FCE71782FBF4F969" author="Gutierrez-Cardenas" box="[795,1085,1707,1731]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" refString="Gutierrez-Cardenas, P. D. A. (2002) Plan de manejo ambiental para el area de manejo especial La Forzosa. Corporacion Autonoma Regional del Centro de Antioquia, Medelln, Colombia." type="book" year="2002">Gutiérrez-Cardenas 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). All specimens were collected during unusual dry season (In the area the wet season occurs in May-October and November-April, however, the rains fall in July decreasing significantly). The individuals were found sitting on leaves of shrubs and ferns at a maximum height of one meter near a stream and active during night, except for an individual (MHUA 2472) was found by day while sleeping. The adult females had convoluted oviducts and small white ova, males possessed nuptial excrescences and one pair was found in amplexus (MHUA 5284 and MHUA 5285;
|
||
<figureCitation id="36A28DCEFFC2FFE3FB391676FAC2F8DD" box="[1221,1291,1887,1911]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1178,1201]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1156]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1157]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Amplexus in Atelopus nocturnus sp. nov. (MHUA 5284, adult male paratopotype, SVL = 23.8; MHUA 5285 adult female paratopotype, SVL = 34.3 mm). Photograph by L. Bravo-Valencia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204013/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
), suggesting reproductive activity in dry season. Four additional juveniles were observed and not collected. Calling behavior and tadpole are currently unknown.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC2FFE3FDC71681FCDEF86A" box="[571,791,1960,1984]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC2FFE3FDC71681FCDEF86A" box="[571,791,1960,1984]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Atelopus nocturnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found sympatric with the following other anurans:
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC2FFE3FF6B16E5FB0AF84E" box="[151,1219,1996,2020]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC2FFE3FF6B16E5FDD9F84E" authority="Pristimantis" authorityName="Pristimantis" box="[151,528,1996,2020]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Rheobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmatus">Rheobates palmatus, Pristimantis</taxonomicName>
|
||
penelopus, Centrolene antioquiense, C. savagei, Espadarana
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="FAE6C1C3FFC3FFE2FF6B11B1FAB8FF04" ID-Table-UUID="FAE6C1C3FFC3FFE2FF6B11B1FAB8FF04" box="[151,1393,152,174]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FAE6C1C3FFC3FFE2FF6B11B1FAB8FF04" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" targetBox="[151,1393,201,926]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="AE26914BFFC3FFE2FF6B11B1FAB8FF04" blockId="7.[151,1393,152,174]" box="[151,1393,152,174]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC3FFE2FF6B11B1FECDFF07" bold="true" box="[151,260,152,173]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Variation in measurements (in mm) of the type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC3FFE2FCB911B1FBC0FF04" box="[837,1033,152,174]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC3FFE2FCB911B1FBC0FF04" box="[837,1033,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Atelopus nocturnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="87DEF022FFC3FFE2FBEC11B1FBA9FF07" box="[1040,1120,152,173]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC3FFE2FBEC11B1FBA9FF07" bold="true" box="[1040,1120,152,173]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
See text for abbreviations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="AE26914BFFC3FFE2FF6311E3FA9BFC37" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<table id="DC9963EBFFC3001AFF6B11E0FAB8FC34" box="[151,1393,201,926]" gridcols="7" gridrows="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<tr id="10A99309FFC3001AFF6B11E0FAB8FE9B" box="[151,1393,201,305]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th id="5378FA75FFC3001AFF6B11E0FEE0FE9B" box="[151,297,201,305]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Measurement (mm) SVL</th>
|
||
<th id="5378FA75FFC3001AFE6211E0FD92FE9B" box="[414,603,201,305]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Females (n=3) Mean SD 33.8 0.70</th>
|
||
<th id="5378FA75FFC3001AFD5711E0FD28FE9B" box="[683,737,201,305]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Max. 34.3</th>
|
||
<th id="5378FA75FFC3001AFCD711E0FC95FE9B" box="[811,860,201,305]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Min. 33.0</th>
|
||
<th id="5378FA75FFC3001AFC5911E0FBABFE9B" box="[933,1122,201,305]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Males (n=6) Mean SD 23.4 1.69</th>
|
||
<th id="5378FA75FFC3001AFB4E11E0FB21FE9B" box="[1202,1256,201,305]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Max. 25.0</th>
|
||
<th id="5378FA75FFC3001AFACE11E0FAB8FE9B" box="[1330,1393,201,305]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Min. 20.2</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="10A99309FFC3001AFF6B106CFAB8FE2E" box="[151,1393,325,388]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th id="5378FA75FFC3001AFF6B106CFEE0FE2E" box="[151,297,325,388]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">HLQS HDWD</th>
|
||
<td id="5378FA75FFC3001AFE62106CFD92FE2E" box="[414,603,325,388]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">11.5 0.48 8.6 0.50</td>
|
||
<td id="5378FA75FFC3001AFD57106CFD28FE2E" box="[683,737,325,388]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">12.0 9.2</td>
|
||
<td id="5378FA75FFC3001AFCD7106CFC95FE2E" box="[811,860,325,388]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">11.0 8.2</td>
|
||
<td id="5378FA75FFC3001AFC59106CFBABFE2E" box="[933,1122,325,388]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">9.1 0.74 6.5 0.17</td>
|
||
<td id="5378FA75FFC3001AFB4E106CFB21FE2E" box="[1202,1256,325,388]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">10.0 6.7</td>
|
||
<td id="5378FA75FFC3001AFACE106CFAB8FE2E" box="[1330,1393,325,388]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">8.1 6.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="10A99309FFC3001AFF6B10B1FAB8FDD6" box="[151,1393,408,636]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th id="5378FA75FFC3001AFF6B10B1FEE0FDD6" box="[151,297,408,636]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">SW IOED IOID EYDMD EYNO ITND</th>
|
||
<td id="5378FA75FFC3001AFE6210B1FD92FDD6" box="[414,603,408,636]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">8.1 0.25 8.2 0.55 3.1 0.15 3.2 0.52 2.7 0.06 3.0 0.23</td>
|
||
<td id="5378FA75FFC3001AFD5710B1FD28FDD6" box="[683,737,408,636]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">8.4 8.6 3.3 3.8 2.8 3.1</td>
|
||
<td id="5378FA75FFC3001AFCD710B1FC95FDD6" box="[811,860,408,636]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">8.0 7.8 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.7</td>
|
||
<td id="5378FA75FFC3001AFC5910B1FBABFDD6" box="[933,1122,408,636]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">6.6 0.32 6.5 0.29 2.5 0.20 2.5 0.20 2.1 0.21 2.2 0.15</td>
|
||
<td id="5378FA75FFC3001AFB4E10B1FB21FDD6" box="[1202,1256,408,636]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">7.0 6.8 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.5</td>
|
||
<td id="5378FA75FFC3001AFACE10B1FAB8FDD6" box="[1330,1393,408,636]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">6.1 6.0 2.2 2.4 1.9 2.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="10A99309FFC3001AFF6B13B9FAB8FC8B" box="[151,1393,656,801]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th id="5378FA75FFC3001AFF6B13B9FEE0FC8B" box="[151,297,656,801]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">NSD HAND THBL FAL</th>
|
||
<td id="5378FA75FFC3001AFE6213B9FD92FC8B" box="[414,603,656,801]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">2.1 0.45 7.9 0.42 2.4 0.35 10.0 0.65</td>
|
||
<td id="5378FA75FFC3001AFD5713B9FD28FC8B" box="[683,737,656,801]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">2.5 8.3 2.8 10.6</td>
|
||
<td id="5378FA75FFC3001AFCD713B9FC95FC8B" box="[811,860,656,801]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">1.6 7.5 2.2 9.3</td>
|
||
<td id="5378FA75FFC3001AFC5913B9FBABFC8B" box="[933,1122,656,801]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">1.7 0.25 5.5 0.38 1.8 0.12 7.2 0.83</td>
|
||
<td id="5378FA75FFC3001AFB4E13B9FB21FC8B" box="[1202,1256,656,801]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">2.0 5.9 2.0 8.3</td>
|
||
<td id="5378FA75FFC3001AFACE13B9FAB8FC8B" box="[1330,1393,656,801]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">1.3 5.0 1.7 6.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="10A99309FFC3001AFF6B121CFAB8FCDE" box="[151,1393,821,884]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th id="5378FA75FFC3001AFF6B121CFEE0FCDE" box="[151,297,821,884]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">FL TIBL</th>
|
||
<td id="5378FA75FFC3001AFE62121CFD92FCDE" box="[414,603,821,884]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">14.4 0.09 13.6 0.17</td>
|
||
<td id="5378FA75FFC3001AFD57121CFD28FCDE" box="[683,737,821,884]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">14.4 13.8</td>
|
||
<td id="5378FA75FFC3001AFCD7121CFC95FCDE" box="[811,860,821,884]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">14.3 13.5</td>
|
||
<td id="5378FA75FFC3001AFC59121CFBABFCDE" box="[933,1122,821,884]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">10.1 0.51 9.8 0.70</td>
|
||
<td id="5378FA75FFC3001AFB4E121CFB21FCDE" box="[1202,1256,821,884]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">11.0 10.7</td>
|
||
<td id="5378FA75FFC3001AFACE121CFAB8FCDE" box="[1330,1393,821,884]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">9.6 8.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="10A99309FFC3001AFF6B12A1FAB8FC34" box="[151,1393,904,926]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th id="5378FA75FFC3001AFF6B12A1FEE0FC34" box="[151,297,904,926]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">FOOT</th>
|
||
<td id="5378FA75FFC3001AFE6212A1FD92FC34" box="[414,603,904,926]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">12.6 0.62</td>
|
||
<td id="5378FA75FFC3001AFD5712A1FD28FC34" box="[683,737,904,926]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">13.2</td>
|
||
<td id="5378FA75FFC3001AFCD712A1FC95FC34" box="[811,860,904,926]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">11.9</td>
|
||
<td id="5378FA75FFC3001AFC5912A1FBABFC34" box="[933,1122,904,926]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">8.9 0.62</td>
|
||
<td id="5378FA75FFC3001AFB4E12A1FB21FC34" box="[1202,1256,904,926]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">9.6</td>
|
||
<td id="5378FA75FFC3001AFACE12A1FAB8FC34" box="[1330,1393,904,926]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">7.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="FAE6C1C3FFC3FFE2FF6B16AAFCB1F87D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204012/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" targetBox="[160,1428,1001,1895]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="AE26914BFFC3FFE2FF6B16AAFCB1F87D" blockId="7.[151,1436,1923,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC3FFE2FF6B16AAFEDAF833" bold="true" box="[151,275,1923,1946]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Ven t ral color pattern
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC3FFE2FE0D16ADFE37F833" bold="true" box="[497,510,1924,1945]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">v</emphasis>
|
||
ariation of male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFC3FFE2FD5916ADFCA3F830" box="[677,874,1924,1946]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC3FFE2FD5916ADFCA3F830" box="[677,874,1924,1946]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Atelopus nocturnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="87DEF022FFC3FFE2FC8D16ADFC08F833" box="[881,961,1924,1945]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFC3FFE2FC8D16ADFC08F833" bold="true" box="[881,961,1924,1945]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Left to right: MHUA 2472 (SVL = 25.0 mm), MHUA 5281 (SVL = 22.5 mm), MHUA 5282 (SVL = 24.1 mm), MHUA 5283 (SVL = 20.1 mm), MHUA 5284 (SVL = 23.4 mm), MHUA 5286 (SVL = 24.2 mm). Photograph by M. Rivera-Correa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="FAE6C1C3FFCCFFEDFF6B15B3FC41FB65" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204013/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1156]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="AE26914BFFCCFFEDFF6B15B3FC41FB65" blockId="8.[151,1436,1178,1231]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFCCFFEDFF6B15B3FEDBFB1A" bold="true" box="[151,274,1178,1201]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Amplexus in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFCCFFEDFE5C15B3FDAAFB1A" box="[416,611,1178,1200]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFCCFFEDFE5C15B3FDAAFB1A" box="[416,611,1178,1200]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Atelopus nocturnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="87DEF022FFCCFFEDFD9515B2FD70FB1A" box="[617,697,1179,1200]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFCCFFEDFD9515B2FD70FB1A" bold="true" box="[617,697,1179,1200]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(MHUA 5284, adult male paratopotype, SVL = 23.8; MHUA 5285 adult female paratopotype, SVL = 34.3 mm). Photograph by L. Bravo-Valencia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E683C2C0FFCCFFECFF3B15DEFA4BFE2D" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="AE26914BFFCCFFEDFF3B15DEFD34F914" blockId="8.[151,1436,1270,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFCCFFEDFF3B15DEFEF2FAA5" bold="true" box="[199,315,1271,1295]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Knowledge of the alpha-level taxonomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFCCFFEDFCD915DFFC4EFAA4" box="[805,903,1270,1294]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFCCFFEDFCD915DFFC4EFAA4" box="[805,903,1270,1294]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Atelopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
continues to increase with new species descriptions, additionally to new taxa potentially estimated (e.g. Lötters
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFCCFFEDFC651432FC1FFA98" box="[921,982,1306,1330]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA08ECBAFFCCFFEDFBD01433FA5EFA98" author="Barrio-Sanz" box="[1068,1431,1306,1331]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Barrio-Sanz J. & Venegas, P. (2005) A new species of harlequin frog (Anura: Bufonidae: Atelopus) from the northern Cordillera Central, Peru. Revista Espanola de Herpetologia, 19, 103 - 112." type="journal article" year="2005">Barrio-Sanz and Venegas 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA08ECBAFFCCFFEDFF6B1417FE75FAFC" author="Acosta-Galvis" box="[151,444,1342,1367]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Acosta-Galvis, A. R., Rueda-Almonacid, J. V., Velasquez-Alvarez, A. A., Sanchez-Pacheco, S. J. & Pena Prieto, J. A. (2006). Descubrimiento de una nueva especie de Atelopus (Bufonidae) para Colombia:? una luz de esperanza o el ocaso de los sapos arlequines? Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, 30, 279 - 290." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Acosta-Galvis
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFCCFFEDFEC31469FEB1FAFC" box="[319,376,1342,1367]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA08ECBAFFCCFFEDFE341417FD6FFAFC" author="Coloma" box="[456,678,1342,1367]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Coloma, L. A., Lotters, S., Duellman, W. E. & Miranda-Leiva, A. (2007) A taxonomic revision of Atelopus pachydermus, and description of two new (extinct?) species of Atelopus from Ecuador (Anura: Bufonidae). Zootaxa, 1557, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Coloma
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFCCFFEDFDD51469FDAAFAFC" box="[553,611,1342,1367]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA08ECBAFFCCFFEDFD4E1417FCA5FAFC" author="Lehr" box="[690,876,1342,1367]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Lehr, E., Lotters, S., & Lundberg, M. (2008). A new species of Atelopus (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Cordillera Oriental of central Peru .. Herpetologica, 64, 368 - 378." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Lehr
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFCCFFEDFD131469FCE0FAFC" box="[751,809,1342,1367]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA08ECBAFFCCFFEDFC841416FB95FAFC" author="Venegas" box="[888,1116,1342,1367]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Venegas, P., Catenazzi, A., Siu-Ting, K., & Carrillo, J. (2008). Two new Harlequin frogs (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Andes nothern of Per. u Salamandra, 4, 163 - 176." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Venegas
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFCCFFEDFC211469FBDEFAFC" box="[989,1047,1342,1367]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, efforts to understand phylogenetic relationships among harlequin frogs remain little known, because they have been poorly explored (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA08ECBAFFCCFFEDFEFB14AFFE2BFA34" author="Coloma" box="[263,482,1414,1439]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Coloma, L. A., Lotters, S., & Salas, A. W. (2002) Taxonomy of the Atelopus ignescens complex (Anura: Bufonidae): designation of a neotype of Atelopus ignescens and recognition of Atelopus exiguus. Herpetologica, 56, 303 - 324." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Coloma
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFCCFFEDFE9414A1FE69FA34" box="[360,416,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA08ECBAFFCCFFEDFE1114AFFDE0FA34" author="Coloma" box="[493,553,1414,1438]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Coloma, L. A., Lotters, S., Duellman, W. E. & Miranda-Leiva, A. (2007) A taxonomic revision of Atelopus pachydermus, and description of two new (extinct?) species of Atelopus from Ecuador (Anura: Bufonidae). Zootaxa, 1557, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="2007">2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in spite of some molecular approaches (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA08ECBAFFCCFFEDFBD514AEFA90FA34" author="Noonan" box="[1065,1369,1414,1438]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Noonan, B. P., & Gaucher, P. (2005) Phylogeography and demography of Guianan harlequin toads (Atelopus): diversification within a refuge. Molecular Ecology, 14, 3017 - 3031." type="journal article" year="2005">Noonan and Gaucher 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA08ECBAFFCCFFEDFA9814AFFEBAFA68" author="Guayasamin" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Guayasamin, J. M., Bonaccorso, E., Duellman, W. E. & Coloma, L. A. (2010) Genetic differentiation in the nearly extinct harlequin frogs (Bufonidae: Atelopus), with emphasis on the Andean Atelopus ignescens and A. bomolochos species complexes. Zootaxa, 2574, 55 - 68." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Guayasamin
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFCCFFEDFF061482FEFBFA68" box="[250,306,1450,1474]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA08ECBAFFCCFFEDFE811482FD82FA68" author="Lotters" box="[381,587,1450,1474]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Lotters, S., van der Meijden, A., Rodder, D., Koester, T. E., Kraus, T., La Marca, E., Haddad, C. F. B. & Veith, M. (2010) Reinforcing and expanding the predictions of the disturbance vicariance hypothesis in Amazonian harlequin frogs: a molecular phylogenetic and climate envelope modelling approach. Biodiversity and Conservation, 19, 2125 - 2146" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Lötters
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFCCFFEDFE2F1482FDC2FA68" box="[467,523,1450,1474]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA08ECBAFFCCFFEDFDAA1483FD5BFA68" author="Lotters" box="[598,658,1450,1474]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Lotters, S., A. Van der Meijden, L. A. Coloma, R. Boistel, P. Cloetens, R. Ernst, E. Lehr & Veith, M. (2011) Assessing the molecular phylogeny of a near extinct group of vertebrates: the Neotropical harlequin frogs (Bufonidae; Atelopus). Systematics & Biodiversity, 9, 45 - 57." type="journal article" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Several authors have suggested that it is premature to recognize species groups in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFCCFFEDFE5014E7FDC7FA4C" box="[428,526,1486,1510]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFCCFFEDFE5014E7FDC7FA4C" box="[428,526,1486,1510]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Atelopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Vélez-Rodríguez and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA08ECBAFFCCFFEDFCE814E7FC30FA4C" author="Ruiz-Carranza" box="[788,1017,1486,1510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Velez-Rodrguez, C., & Ruiz-Carranza, P. M. (1997) Una nueva especie de Atelopus (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) de la Cordillera Central, Colombia. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, 21, 555 - 563." type="journal article" year="1997">Ruiz-Carranza 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA08ECBAFFCCFFEDFBF914E7FB16FA4C" author="Coloma" box="[1029,1247,1486,1511]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Coloma, L. A., Lotters, S., & Salas, A. W. (2002) Taxonomy of the Atelopus ignescens complex (Anura: Bufonidae): designation of a neotype of Atelopus ignescens and recognition of Atelopus exiguus. Herpetologica, 56, 303 - 324." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Coloma
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFCCFFEDFB9914F9FB54FA4C" box="[1125,1181,1486,1511]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA08ECBAFFCCFFEDFB1614E7FAEFFA4C" author="Coloma" box="[1258,1318,1486,1510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Coloma, L. A., Lotters, S., Duellman, W. E. & Miranda-Leiva, A. (2007) A taxonomic revision of Atelopus pachydermus, and description of two new (extinct?) species of Atelopus from Ecuador (Anura: Bufonidae). Zootaxa, 1557, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="2007">2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Lötters
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFCCFFEDFA7414F9FF7DF9A0" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002) because of intra-individual and intraspecific variation detected in the lack of a terminal phalanx on the thumb, which defines it. Recently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA08ECBAFFCCFFEDFDD5173EFCC6F984" box="[553,783,1558,1583]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Lotters, S., A. Van der Meijden, L. A. Coloma, R. Boistel, P. Cloetens, R. Ernst, E. Lehr & Veith, M. (2011) Assessing the molecular phylogeny of a near extinct group of vertebrates: the Neotropical harlequin frogs (Bufonidae; Atelopus). Systematics & Biodiversity, 9, 45 - 57." type="journal article">
|
||
Lötters
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFCCFFEDFD7D1731FD75F984" box="[641,700,1558,1583]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
demonstrated that the proposed species groups based on frog-like versus toad-like overall appearance (i.e.
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFCCFFEDFD391713FC8EF9F8" box="[709,839,1594,1618]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">longirostris</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFCCFFEDFC811712FC23F9F8" box="[893,1002,1595,1618]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFCCFFEDFC811712FC23F9F8" box="[893,1002,1595,1618]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">ignescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
groups) or phalangeal reduction in the thumb (i.e.
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFCCFFEDFEDD1777FE5DF9DC" box="[289,404,1630,1654]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">flavescens</emphasis>
|
||
group) are not monophyletic, thus characters used to define them are not recovered as synapomorphies. For that reason, we prefer not to assign
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFCCFFEDFCD817ABFC7CF930" box="[804,949,1666,1690]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFCCFFEDFCD817ABFC7CF930" box="[804,949,1666,1690]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">A. nocturnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to any particular phenetic group, until this species is included in a rigorous phylogenetic analysis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AE26914BFFCCFFECFF3B17E3FA4BFE2D" blockId="8.[151,1436,1270,2018]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,391]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Following the IUCN Red List categories and criteria (IUCN 2001),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFCCFFEDFC4617E3FB81F948" box="[954,1096,1738,1762]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFCCFFEDFC4617E3FB81F948" box="[954,1096,1738,1762]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">A. nocturnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be categorized as Data Deficient (DD), because of the lack of studies on demography, genetic structure, or reproductive behavior. However, we believe that given the critical situation facing the genus (i.e. 62 species of the Andean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFCCFFEDFB30163BFAE7F880" box="[1228,1326,1810,1834]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFCCFFEDFB30163BFAE7F880" box="[1228,1326,1810,1834]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Atelopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are Critically Endangered or possibly extinct,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA08ECBAFFCCFFEDFDBD161FFCC1F8E4" author="Stuart" box="[577,776,1846,1871]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Stuart, S. N., Hoffman, M., Chanson, J. S., Cox, N. A., Berridge, R. J., Ramani, P., & Young, B. E. (2008). Threatened Amphibians of the World. Lynx Editions, Barcelona, Spain, 758 pp." type="book" year="2008">
|
||
Stuart
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFCCFFEDFD771611FD0DF8E4" box="[651,708,1846,1871]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), it is necessary to have some estimate of the conservation status of all Colombian species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFCCFFEDFDFF1674FD15F8DF" box="[515,732,1885,1909]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFCCFFEDFDFF1674FD15F8DF" box="[515,732,1885,1909]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Atelopus nocturnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
currently is known only from a range of less than
|
||
<quantity id="69613CAEFFCCFFEDFAEA1674FA97F8DF" box="[1302,1374,1885,1909]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
2, and a dozen individuals (in exhaustive searches for more than five years). Additionally, several threats are acting (e.g. habitat fragmentation and inundation by the Porce III-IV basin hydroelectric project near to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="71222FE9FFCCFFEDFB3E168FFB3BF814" box="[1218,1266,1958,1982]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality) Thus, we recommend placing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFCCFFEDFE5F16E0FDFBF84B" box="[419,562,1993,2017]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFCCFFEDFE5F16E0FDFBF84B" box="[419,562,1993,2017]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">A. nocturnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the category Critically Endangered (CR). We advocate urgent field surveys (including scientific collections of the larval, adults and tissues samples), for assessment of the unsolved taxonomic status of many species, and studies of risk to external harmful agents (i.e. assess presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6999EAC8FFCDFFECFB2C1195FEFBFF52" class="Chytridiomycetes" genus="Batrachochytrium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rhizophydiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chytridiomycota" rank="species" species="dendrobatidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFCDFFECFB2C1195FEFBFF52" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Given this, it helps to refining the information on the conservation status of the harlequin frogs in the Andean region, and be possible to establish adequate conservation measures. With the aim of this species is recognized by the local community, we tentatively propose the common name
|
||
<emphasis id="9CED4D59FFCDFFECFC1B1000FB27FEEA" box="[999,1262,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">sapo arlequín nocturno</emphasis>
|
||
(nocturnal harlequin toad). We hope that contributions like this will motivate the government, environmental NGO's, owners of private nature reserves, to facilitate biodiversity studies and to reveal the real amphibian’s richness of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D68ED1DBFFCDFFECFAF01046FAB7FE2D" box="[1292,1406,367,391]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |