195 lines
18 KiB
XML
195 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d3b857f7-25c1-4b21-9d39-4510ab675fca" ID-PMC="PMC7655787" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-983-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" ID-PubMed="33244289" ID-ZooBank="7DED4CE2934C4539945F758930C927F9" ModsDocID="1313-2970-983-1" checkinTime="1604475085656" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A. & Cognato, Anthony I." docDate="2020" docId="F0D3BC437275855A77DB7AE89FD63506" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 983: 1-442" docOrigin="ZooKeys 983" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630" docTitle="Xylosandrus Reitter 1913" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" masterDocTitle="A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China" masterLastPageNumber="442" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169715782" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, Sarah M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-3736</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">camptocerus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Beaver, Roger A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>161 / 2 Mu 5, Soi Wat Pranon, T. Donkaew, A. Maerim, Chiangmai 50180, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cognato, Anthony I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>983</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>442</mods:end>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-983-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7DED4CE2934C4539945F758930C927F9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168754443" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F0D3BC437275855A77DB7AE89FD63506" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F0D3BC437275855A77DB7AE89FD63506" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authority="Reitter, 1913" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylosandrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xylosandrus Reitter, 1913</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylosandrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xylosandrus</taxonomicName>
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Reitter, 1913: 83.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wood" authorityYear="1980" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apoxyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apoxyleborus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Apoxyleborus</taxonomicName>
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Wood, 1980: 90. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="The Great Basin Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="223 - 230" refId="B485" refString="Wood, SL, 1984. New generic synonymy and new genera of Scolytidae (Coleoptera). The Great Basin Naturalist 44: 223 - 230" title="New generic synonymy and new genera of Scolytidae (Coleoptera)." volume="44" year="1984">Wood 1984</bibRefCitation>
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: 229.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Blandford" authorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus morigerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morigerus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus morigerus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Blandford, 1894a; monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylosandrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xylosandrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species are small to moderately sized, 1.3-3.9 mm, and stout 1.79-2.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylosandrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xylosandrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished by the procoxae widely separated (narrowly separated in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="X. formosae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="formosae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. formosae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); pronotum with a median mycangial tuft (absent in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="X. formosae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="formosae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. formosae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); antennal club type 1, obliquely truncate with segment 1 covering the posterior face (flat and type 4 in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="X. spinifer" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="spinifer">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. spinifer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); eyes moderately to deeply emarginate; scutellum visible, flat, flush with elytra; lateral margin of the pronotum obliquely costate; protibiae distinctly triangular or slender with fewer than six large socketed denticles; and declivity with zero, five or six striae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="similar genera">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Similar genera.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lea" authorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Amasa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amasa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Amasa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ferrari" authorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Anisandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anisandrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anisandrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sampson" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnestus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cnestus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hulcr & Cognato" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Diuncus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diuncus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diuncus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wood" authorityYear="1980" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hadrodemius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hadrodemius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hadrodemius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylosandrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xylosandrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is closely related to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ferrari" authorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Anisandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anisandrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anisandrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sampson" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnestus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cnestus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wood" authorityYear="1980" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hadrodemius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hadrodemius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hadrodemius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, all of which possess a mesonotal mycangium and the associated dense tuft of hair-like setae at the scutellar area and pronotal base (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13219" author="Gohli, J" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1258 - 1272" refId="B172" refString="Gohli, J, Kirkendall, LR, Smith, SM, Cognato, AI, Hulcr, J, Jordal, BH, 2017. Biological factors contributing to bark and ambrosia beetle species diversification. Evolution 71: 1258 - 1272, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13219" title="Biological factors contributing to bark and ambrosia beetle species diversification." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13219" volume="71" year="2017">Gohli et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
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; Johnson et al. 2018).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Globally distributed throughout temperate and tropical forests.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="gallery system">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gallery system.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The species typically breed in small diameter stems. The gallery system consists of a radial gallery leading to an irregular chamber in the center of the stem with longitudinal branches extending up and down the stem.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylosandrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xylosandrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was recently revised by
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<bibRefCitation author="Dole, SA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="451 - 545" refId="B109" refString="Dole, SA, Cognato, AI, 2010. Revision of Xylosandrus Reitter (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Proceedings of the California of Science 61: 451 - 545" title="Revision of Xylosandrus Reitter (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)." volume="61" year="2010">Dole and Cognato (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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but two additional species have since been described (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1653/024.102.0408" author="Gomez, DF" journalOrPublisher="Florida Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="717 - 724" refId="B177" refString="Gomez, DF, Johnson, AJ, Carton, de Grammont P, Alfonso-Simonetti, J, Montaigne, J, Elizondo, AI, Muino, BL, Ojeda, D, Vidal, J, Hulcr, J, 2020. New records of bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) from Cuba with description of a new species. Florida Entomologist 102: 717 - 724, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1653/024.102.0408" title="New records of bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) from Cuba with description of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1653/024.102.0408" volume="102" year="2020">Gomez et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2020.01.002" author="Park, S" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="210 - 228" refId="B306" refString="Park, S, Smith, SM, Cognato, AI, Beaver, RA, 2020. Catalogue of Korean xyleborine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) with seven new species. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 13: 210 - 228, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2020.01.002" title="Catalogue of Korean xyleborine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) with seven new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2020.01.002" volume="13" year="2020">Park et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
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) and one species,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="X. ramulorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ramulorum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. ramulorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Schedl, 1957), was transferred from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lea" authorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Amasa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amasa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Amasa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.862.34766" author="Sittichaya, W" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="109 - 127" refId="B435" refString="Sittichaya, W, Smith, SM, Beaver, RA, 2019. Ten newly recorded species of xyleborine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini) from Thailand. ZooKeys 862: 109 - 127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.862.34766" title="Ten newly recorded species of xyleborine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini) from Thailand." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.862.34766" volume="862" year="2019">Sittichaya et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
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). Preliminary phylogenies suggest that
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kurentzov" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Anisandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anisandrus maiche" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maiche">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anisandrus maiche</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is monophyletic with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylosandrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xylosandrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.00027" author="Cognato, AI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B102" refString="Cognato, AI, Sari, G, Smith, SM, Beaver, RA, Li, Y, Hulcr, J, Jordal, BH, Kajimura, H, Lin, C-S, Pham, TH, Singh, S, Sittichaya, W, 2020b. The essential role of taxonomic expertise in the creation of DNA databases for the identification and delimitation of Southeast Asian ambrosia beetle species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini). Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.00027" title="The essential role of taxonomic expertise in the creation of DNA databases for the identification and delimitation of Southeast Asian ambrosia beetle species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini). Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 8." url="https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.00027" year="2020 b">Cognato et al. 2020b</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |