198 lines
25 KiB
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198 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="4F101305C6617C6F86F65C0DFBD2E366" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.745.23683" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6ef290f2-f65d-4dfa-afbd-2fbb505860ab" ID-PMC="PMC5904508" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-745-1" ID-PubMed="29670448" ID-ZooBank="16F1AE595650485F9D8C6149E962D461" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-745-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 745" ModsDocTitle="Synopsis of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)" checkinTime="1521799043702" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Moore, Matthew R., Cave, Ronald D. & Branham, Marc A." docDate="2018" docId="F094999B3517A55A792B927FBFE083D5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 745: 1-99" docOrigin="ZooKeys 745" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.745.23683" docTitle="Harposceles Burmeister 1847" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="C24FFFFC630B3774FFCFDB4EFFAFAD27" masterDocTitle="Synopsis of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="56" updateTime="1701315738437" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="AE3F9986456AC2B6292CFAC32D3446FF">
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<mods:title id="8FF42459DA35218C701451BD4F0A7F6C">Synopsis of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="40836CB69417C3FE2A6BB83EEC1D33E2">Moore, Matthew R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1D1645A88785227BAEE0C21479F48C44">Cave, Ronald D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="36400CBADECDBDC4121FFDE87D961E7B">Branham, Marc A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A5B94B13A8900EC1DADE405C3368E120">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="87927553B99D40EA5BA9F0CA1B9A47A9">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7B75E27D3438C1B4FFFBDA91180FD6BB">
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<mods:date id="0E2A45E7EF81048467AEC61F0EC92EA3">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="19197F8CDDE497A28A58CB1605092F9F" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="0FD3C1FA0D89E4A7AF2F5A253ECE2B1A">745</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="723DA6D7DF075C9AC35F25DC08F44CEA">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.745.23683</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="A32234A64708226368DC2B5CB69C4E2A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0215180FCD6C689C676C57E184A93D61" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.745.23683</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F094999B3517A55A792B927FBFE083D5" ID-GBIF-Taxon="142479961" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F094999B3517A55A792B927FBFE083D5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F094999B3517A55A792B927FBFE083D5" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<subSubSection id="262A6EA7916FF6131C695CD889C1A4AD" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="725908AE98FF753138D9CE369D349F10" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<taxonomicName id="F9BD31ECB1BC098DD8CA3AC010017B7A" ID-CoL="4TVF" authority="Burmeister, 1847" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1847" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Harposceles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harposceles" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken id="212772B5981FAF9D6F643A8DEF7B1C53" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" start="start">Harposceles</pageBreakToken>
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Burmeister, 1847
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="636AC5A3C42EF41CA92F5501481DAAA3" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="type species">
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<paragraph id="79F19FD3B62219751D1A7E67FB7447B6" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="574FB068AD6F3F06E6CA6EAC86EBC2F3" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<taxonomicName id="0AB4A515B33221D87C66DB4099B19EF2" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Harposceles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harposceles paradoxus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxus">Harposceles paradoxus</taxonomicName>
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Burmeister, 1847: 35, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4008429703FC1CA497FCABB6708B5A46" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="valid taxa">
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<paragraph id="8E4B36755EDB896DD3A7957943D87CE8" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Valid taxa.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0CF3E6C5B6535C4EE10A3F78ADE3CF6A" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">One species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C899E870A01A016DD2089596A9FC6EA8" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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The monotypic genus
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<taxonomicName id="256EA5B4F1F837EFB7178513F4F646F1" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Harposceles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harposceles" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Harposceles</taxonomicName>
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was erected for the species
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<taxonomicName id="E14A36D9448ABCA3ECE87111F1389EC4" lsidName="H. paradoxus" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="species" species="paradoxus">H. paradoxus</taxonomicName>
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. This striking, relatively large cyclocephaline occurs in lowland forests in Brazil, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, and possibly Colombia (
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<bibRefCitation id="33FACEF00FB55499B626B4D0BA517535" author="Burmeister, H" journalOrPublisher="TCF Enslin, Berlin" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" title="Handbuch der Entomologie, volume 5." year="1847">Burmeister 1847</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="D7CCE3B72242F21F5743556DB105EE4A" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Harold 1869b</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="66CD74CAB0D33AC97C5C5195B795B925" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Arrow 1937b</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="159D7E0BA078D686429EB4516AAEAEE5" author="Blackwelder, RE" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the United States National Museum" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="189 - 341" title="Checklist of coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America, part 2." volume="185" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="F3BA3634E21E3FF239ADF5FD0D06B364" author="Endrodi, S" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Abhandlungen des Staatlichen Museums fuer Tierkunde Dresden" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 460" title="Monographie der Dynastinae (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). I. Teil." volume="33" year="1966">
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<normalizedToken id="6F09D125B9219E8CD3343CF21741FF2B" originalValue="Endrődi">Endrodi</normalizedToken>
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1966
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="E0EAFB2FF7BF30E113A122849E46D7BD" author="Endrodi, S" journalOrPublisher="Junk Publisher, Dordrecht" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" title="The Dynastinae of the World. Dr. W." year="1985 a">1985a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="F80D4C76612D792792EE4A25AA096B9A" author="Endrodi, S" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="21 - 24" title="Note sur les types de Harposcelisparadoxus Burmeister (Col. ScarabaeidaeDynastinae)." volume="81" year="1976">
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<normalizedToken id="EA662E7B97003AE537CAB17FC2DBDF0B" originalValue="Endrődi">Endrodi</normalizedToken>
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and Dechambre 1976
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="90565C77219158A1F725E5B22005363E" author="Lachaume, G" journalOrPublisher="Sciences Nat, Venette" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" title="Les Coleopteres du Monde, Vol. 14. Dynastidae Americains. Cyclocephalini - Agaocephalini - Pentodontini - Oryctini - Phileurini." year="1992">Lachaume 1992</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="35DD01F9CE80B58969A41761C658505A" author="Couturier, G" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Francaise d'Etudes Andines" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="715 - 725" title="Notes on the insect fauna on two species of Astrocaryum (Palmae, Cocoeae, Bactridinae) in Peruvian Amazonia, with emphasis on potential pests of cultivated pests." volume="21" year="1992">Couturier and Kahn 1992</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="3AA4128ED9B7C80A2B22F11416F757A4" author="Andreazze, R" journalOrPublisher="Acta Amazonica" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="431 - 435" title="Dinastineos (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae) do Parque Nacional do Jau, Amazonas Brasil." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43922001313435" volume="31" year="2001">Andreazze 2001</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="C0F16EFC068414168322292E9943F52F" author="Andreazze, R" journalOrPublisher="Acta Amazonica" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="725 - 727" title="Besouros dinastineos (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae) de Querari, Municipio de Sao Gabriel da Cachoeira, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43922002324727" volume="32" year="2002">Andreazze and da Silva Motta 2002</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="60174AB23BC4CA86B24EE6E808BEEF8E" author="Touroult, J" journalOrPublisher="Contribution a L'Etude des Coleopteres de Guyane" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="11 - 14" title="Echantillonnage des Dynastidae par piegeage lumineux: comparaison entre le debut et la fin de nuit en Guyane (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Dynastidae)." volume="1" year="2010">Touroult et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="C49D77432394EA7968AB8F26D9EE41B1" author="Ponchel, Y" journalOrPublisher="Contribution a L'Etude des Coleopteres de Guyane" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="60 - 61" title="Liste actualisee des Dynastinae de Guyane (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae)." volume="4" year="2011">Ponchel 2011</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="ECD0BCDD499CBBF880C1BADEEE54EF8F" author="Saltin, J-P" journalOrPublisher="Dugesiana" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="147 - 151" title="A review of the distribution of Harposcelisparadoxus Burmeister, 1847 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Cyclocephalini) with a new country record for Peru." volume="18" year="2012">Saltin and Ratcliffe 2012</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="E2AB88CCA8FE7CE00095BFEE88979192" author="Ratcliffe, BC" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Kansas Entomogical Society" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="186 - 207" title="Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: A survey of families. Scarabaeoidea." url="https://doi.org/10.2317/kent-88-02-186-207.1" volume="88" year="2015">Ratcliffe et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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) (Fig. 60). Males display dramatic, and unique, characters of the protibia.
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<taxonomicName id="14357AFDDAF2590DA197758DD1CBCFC2" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Harposceles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harposceles paradoxus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxus">Harposceles paradoxus</taxonomicName>
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males have elongated, arcuate protibia with the protibial spurs fused to the base of the tibia. Females are much less common than male specimens in collections, and males are readily attracted to lights at night, especially between midnight and 4 am (
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<bibRefCitation id="AD8FF1E727C894E1580A587454E94648" author="Andreazze, R" journalOrPublisher="Acta Amazonica" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="431 - 435" title="Dinastineos (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae) do Parque Nacional do Jau, Amazonas Brasil." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43922001313435" volume="31" year="2001">Andreazze 2001</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="7838C6B29014C5AF2ABAA5A281BBBC2F" author="Andreazze, R" journalOrPublisher="Acta Amazonica" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="725 - 727" title="Besouros dinastineos (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae) de Querari, Municipio de Sao Gabriel da Cachoeira, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43922002324727" volume="32" year="2002">Andreazze and da Silva Motta 2002</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="A2231AD1F5842FBC35D13943F1DCF5BA" author="Touroult, J" journalOrPublisher="Contribution a L'Etude des Coleopteres de Guyane" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="11 - 14" title="Echantillonnage des Dynastidae par piegeage lumineux: comparaison entre le debut et la fin de nuit en Guyane (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Dynastidae)." volume="1" year="2010">Touroult et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="1462909CB9F2B3690D0441B7C1AE9460" author="Saltin, J-P" journalOrPublisher="Dugesiana" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="147 - 151" title="A review of the distribution of Harposcelisparadoxus Burmeister, 1847 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Cyclocephalini) with a new country record for Peru." volume="18" year="2012">Saltin and Ratcliffe 2012</bibRefCitation>
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). The immature stages of
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<taxonomicName id="2D54B4154955D7C243B243E68CE714ED" lsidName="H. paradoxus" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="species" species="paradoxus">H. paradoxus</taxonomicName>
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are associated with the palms
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<taxonomicName id="68CC7D0C5F11362CB121C79E389771D0" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Astrocaryum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Astrocaryum chonta" order="Arecales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chonta">Astrocaryum chonta</taxonomicName>
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Mart. and
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<taxonomicName id="4EC041F37C462BCEAF5AE83713123329" lsidName="A. carnosum" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="species" species="carnosum">A. carnosum</taxonomicName>
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F. Kahn & B.
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<normalizedToken id="612A709C29B68CB1F0541109E5EEACCE" originalValue="Millán">Millan</normalizedToken>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4F1329CA6E710B8B9F319194C9FE057A" family="Arecaceae" lsidName="Oryctomorphina" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="7F31DBADD560836E8202B43BAEA3C1F4" author="Couturier, G" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Francaise d'Etudes Andines" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="715 - 725" title="Notes on the insect fauna on two species of Astrocaryum (Palmae, Cocoeae, Bactridinae) in Peruvian Amazonia, with emphasis on potential pests of cultivated pests." volume="21" year="1992">Couturier and Kahn 1992</bibRefCitation>
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). The larvae and pupae were found in the organic litter accumulated between leaf sheaths of
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<taxonomicName id="DB12613B216BF8449830389A762B1149" lsidName="A. carnosum" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="species" species="carnosum">A. carnosum</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="35DDBC081E42916E2A1D3AA346E68025" author="Couturier, G" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Francaise d'Etudes Andines" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="715 - 725" title="Notes on the insect fauna on two species of Astrocaryum (Palmae, Cocoeae, Bactridinae) in Peruvian Amazonia, with emphasis on potential pests of cultivated pests." volume="21" year="1992">Couturier and Kahn 1992</bibRefCitation>
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). The immature stages are undescribed.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="73EDA859D8C09055AB8B9B7B649EE874" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<paragraph id="EB5D3933388FAB2C7C114A622F20C445" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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Figure 60. Country-level distribution of
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<taxonomicName id="CA94DBE2A81E974E18BA8ADA07D4C9C4" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Harposceles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harposceles paradoxus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxus">Harposceles paradoxus</taxonomicName>
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in South America.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="B34EFF95D225D9DA1CD230753C487C4D" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<taxonomicName id="73D0651EA59587C597BD5092E0D9F66C" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Harposceles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harposceles" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Harposceles</taxonomicName>
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species can be recognized by the following combination of characters: 1) dorsal coloration dark piceous to black; 2) body dorsoventrally flattened; 3) clypeus rounded in dorsal view; 4) frontoclypeal suture incomplete medially; 5) apical margin of mentum truncate; 6) anterolateral margin of mandible lacking tooth; 7) mandibular molar area with surface lacking circular pits, with large, disorganized, canal-like invaginations; 8) galea of maxilla dorsoventrally flattened; 9) galea on inner surface at base with large, flattened, blade-like, tooth (less produced than in
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<taxonomicName id="5BC7DDAD2962053EF57E58D1CB2872BF" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutu</taxonomicName>
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species); 10) galea on inner surface with 7 teeth in 2-1-1-1-2 arrangement from base to apex; 11) apical and basal beaded margins of pronotum complete at middle; 12) anterior membrane of the pronotum interrupted before lateral pronotal margins; 13) males with protrochanter with ventrally produced tooth; 14) protibia with 3 teeth in both sexes; 15) males with protibia elongated and arcuate; 16) protibial spur straight to weakly reflexed; 17) males with protibial spur fused to protibia, not articulated at its base; 18) males with inner protarsal claw thickened and not cleft at apex; 19) mesocoxae not widely separated, nearly touching; 20) metacoxae with lateral edge perpendicular to ventral surface; 21) apices of the meso- and metatibiae with a corbel; 22) anterior edge of hindwing distal to apical hinge lacking membranous border; 23) anterior edge of hindwing distal to apical hinge with decumbent setae surrounding vein and originating away from apical hinge; 24) vein RA with single row of pegs proximal to apical hinge.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3110460AC4D017BA5829B6D4B74C7033" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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The relationship of
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<taxonomicName id="6AE22D69CDB71F0654BD007B764BAC86" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Harposceles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harposceles" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Harposceles</taxonomicName>
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to other cyclocephalines has not been elaborated upon in the literature. However,
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<taxonomicName id="BA86229DD883E37466CA2CE2987933CA" lsidName="H. paradoxus" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="species" species="paradoxus">H. paradoxus</taxonomicName>
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shares some characters with
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<taxonomicName id="8B816AA3A5A98FBB6F5587C68DBA5EAB" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutu</taxonomicName>
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that may be indicative of a close relationship between the two genera. The rounded shape of the clypeal apex in
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<taxonomicName id="115C17D76DDDAE7B4FDB1F01493A1284" lsidName="H. paradoxus" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="species" species="paradoxus">H. paradoxus</taxonomicName>
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is like the clypeal form in
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<taxonomicName id="DF58E6A4F9D76332C6FFFF5AF0CDF94F" lsidName="S. dytiscoides" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">S. dytiscoides</taxonomicName>
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. The single row of RA pegs in
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<taxonomicName id="806C8D52615597F3044778617E206D10" lsidName="H. paradoxus" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="species" species="paradoxus">H. paradoxus</taxonomicName>
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is shared between
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<taxonomicName id="80182C9F61DDF7DAE02B9AF5E2E521B4" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ancognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancognatha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ancognatha</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="1FF7694A62B3FEEB6FDE4E3F0B2DDF39" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutu</taxonomicName>
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, though
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<taxonomicName id="DD2F9592CCD55187C4928663B5AC9B33" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ancognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancognatha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ancognatha</taxonomicName>
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species lack setae on the anterior edge of the hindwing distal to the apical hinge. The decumbent setae of the hindwing leading edge (distal to apical hinge) found in
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<taxonomicName id="9FE98F1F6F0AC07F98B567F638F73800" lsidName="H. paradoxus" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="species" species="paradoxus">H. paradoxus</taxonomicName>
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is also found in
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<taxonomicName id="11C9BCD591C39C942E27B15188138909" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutu</taxonomicName>
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species and the "
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<taxonomicName id="2B01A1039A9BF3A392AE454DD81EF8DF" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cyclocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclocephala cribrata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribrata">Cyclocephala cribrata</taxonomicName>
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species group" (which included species previously placed in
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<taxonomicName id="19F18BD0B3F985BE2B42EAD6EB544BDE" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Mononidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mononidia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mononidia</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="88CB4BDE0B1A92B250F26537098BC368" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutoides</taxonomicName>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="352C91CE4C334BC26F793221972F2E3E" author="Dechambre, R-P" journalOrPublisher="Coleopteres" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="13 - 27" title="Revision des Cyclocephala du groupe cribrata Burmeister (Coleoptera, Dynastidae)." volume="3" year="1997">Dechambre 1997</bibRefCitation>
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). These groups also all share corbeled meso- and metatibial apices and entirely black coloration.
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<taxonomicName id="F20617D325964EE7275E958F6C6B85CE" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Harposceles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harposceles paradoxus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxus">Harposceles paradoxus</taxonomicName>
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shares other interesting characters with
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<taxonomicName id="6C8C3A6BD76C18E51FF310FDC34CCA08" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutu</taxonomicName>
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species. These shared characters include: 1) body strongly dorsoventrally flattened; 2) dorsoventrally flattened maxillary galea; 3) a seven-toothed maxillary galea in a 2-1-1-1-2 arrangement from the base to apex; 4) an incomplete frontoclypeal suture; and 5) the apical pronotal membrane interrupted before the lateral margins of the pronotum. The large basal tooth of the maxillary galea is much smaller and less produced in
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<taxonomicName id="EE8E904696DD5D6E867A5D68D7BFD34D" lsidName="H. paradoxus" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="species" species="paradoxus">H. paradoxus</taxonomicName>
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|
than in
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<taxonomicName id="30E6DE6F5E37AE2C01652F63842727F6" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Surutu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Surutu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Surutu</taxonomicName>
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species. Several male characters of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D918D9C95EC374873FAEA809810DA56C" lsidName="H. paradoxus" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="species" species="paradoxus">H. paradoxus</taxonomicName>
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are autapomorphic in
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<taxonomicName id="E13179F1B8F474916DFC050FFD94FBC7" lsidName="" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="tribe" tribe="Cyclocephalini">Cyclocephalini</taxonomicName>
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: 1) the protibial spur fusion to the protibial; 2) the arcuate, elongated protibia (seen also in some
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<taxonomicName id="7AA23C7CA552910691CDD8E1C1A20609" lsidName="" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="tribe" tribe="Dynastini">Dynastini</taxonomicName>
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); and 3) the ventrally produced protrochanter teeth.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |