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<mods:title id="CB389F5AA009C76AFD6FFF01218D9FEB">Systematics, distribution and ecological analysis of rodents in Jordan</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="4B3E36DDFFB1BA42FF3DFF29FDB7EADA" blockId="33.[151,602,222,282]" box="[151,602,222,248]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<heading id="107681B1FFB1BA42FF3DFF29FDB7EADA" bold="true" box="[151,602,222,248]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="8C814D5EFFB1BA42FF3DFF29FDB7EADA" ID-CoL="7V4VZ" authority="de Winton, 1902" authorityName="de Winton" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,602,222,248]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andersoni">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFB1BA42FF3DFF29FDB7EADA" bold="true" box="[151,602,222,248]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFB1BA42FF3DFF29FE6AEADA" bold="true" box="[151,391,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Gerbillus andersoni</emphasis>
de Winton, 1902
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4B3E36DDFFB1BA42FF3DFEF6FDC0EB38" blockId="33.[151,602,222,282]" box="[151,557,257,282]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFB1BA42FF3DFEF6FEBAEB38" bold="true" box="[151,343,257,282]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Common name:</emphasis>
Andersons gerbil.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="039B6556FFB1BA42FF3DFEBEFB90EC91" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="4B3E36DDFFB1BA42FF3DFEBEFBADE8E8" blockId="33.[151,1437,329,714]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFB1BA42FF3DFEBEFEFEEB40" bold="true" box="[151,275,329,354]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
This is a medium sized gerbil closely resembling other hairy-footed gerbils. Hair on the back is yellowish with gray buff, darker than
<taxonomicName id="8C814D5EFFB1BA42FDE3FE99FD23EBA4" authorityName="gerbillus (Olivier" authorityYear="1801" box="[585,718,365,390]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gerbillus">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFB1BA42FDE3FE99FD23EBA4" box="[585,718,365,390]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">G. gerbillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Tail is densely covered with hair throughout, terminating in a small tuft, terminal pencil intermediate in size between the well-developed of
<taxonomicName id="8C814D5EFFB1BA42FBACFE65FB64EB88" authorityName="gerbillus (Olivier" authorityYear="1801" box="[1030,1161,401,426]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gerbillus">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFB1BA42FBACFE65FB64EB88" box="[1030,1161,401,426]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">G. gerbillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the scanty tuft in
<taxonomicName id="8C814D5EFFB1BA42FA2EFE65FEE0EBEC" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1919" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFB1BA42FA2EFE65FEE0EBEC" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">G. cheesmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Under parts are pure white with a distinct line of demarcation (
<figureCitation id="D3BA2A58FFB1BA42FC73FE42FBA7EBEC" box="[985,1098,437,462]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1593,1615]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,766,1571]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,766,1571]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 35. Andersons gerbil, Gerbillus andersoni (photo by Mohammad Abu Baker)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1202847/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figure 35</figureCitation>
). The dark pigmentation of its ears distinguishes this species from the other hairy-footed gerbil found in Jordan. Head and body length measures between
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and tail length between
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. It is slightly larger than
<taxonomicName id="8C814D5EFFB1BA42FBFEFE09FB34E834" authorityName="gerbillus (Olivier" authorityYear="1801" box="[1108,1241,509,534]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gerbillus">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFB1BA42FBFEFE09FB34E834" box="[1108,1241,509,534]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">G. gerbillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. White spots are found above eyes and behind ears. Skull of
<taxonomicName id="8C814D5EFFB1BA42FD2EFDD5FCFEE818" authorityName="de Winton" authorityYear="1902" box="[644,787,545,570]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andersoni">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFB1BA42FD2EFDD5FCFEE818" box="[644,787,545,570]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">G. andersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is slightly larger than that of
<taxonomicName id="8C814D5EFFB1BA42FBCAFDD5FB0EE818" authorityName="gerbillus (Olivier" authorityYear="1801" box="[1120,1251,545,570]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gerbillus">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFB1BA42FBCAFDD5FB0EE818" box="[1120,1251,545,570]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">G. gerbillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Greatest length of the skull may reach up to 29.0 mm. Tympanic bulla not developed. Posterior margin of the nasal bone is truncate. Incisive foramina long, exceeding tooth row length, while posterior foramina relatively short. Posterior margin of mastoid chamber extends to level of occipital condyle but never exceeds supraoccipital bone. Posterior superior margin of mastoid chamber more inflated than inferior margin (
<figureCitation id="D3BA2A58FFB1BA42FC6BFD46FBDEE8E8" box="[961,1075,689,714]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1275,1297]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,303,1253]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[264,1323,303,1253]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 36. A. Dorsal,B. Ventral, C. Lateral views of the skull, and D. Upper maxillary teeth for Gerbillus andersoni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1202849/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figure 36</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="1FFE6655FFB1BA42FF3DF9CEFBF2EC6D" box="[151,1055,1593,1615]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1202847/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" startId="33.[151,250,1593,1615]" targetBox="[151,1436,766,1571]" targetPageId="33">
<paragraph id="4B3E36DDFFB1BA42FF3DF9CEFBF2EC6D" blockId="33.[151,1055,1593,1615]" box="[151,1055,1593,1615]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFB1BA42FF3DF9CEFEF2EC6C" bold="true" box="[151,287,1593,1615]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">FIGURE 35.</emphasis>
Andersons gerbil,
<taxonomicName id="8C814D5EFFB1BA42FE4DF9CEFD5FEC6D" authorityName="de Winton" authorityYear="1902" box="[487,690,1593,1615]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andersoni">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFB1BA42FE4DF9CEFD5FEC6D" box="[487,690,1593,1615]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Gerbillus andersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(photo by Mohammad Abu Baker).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="4B3E36DDFFB1BA42FF6DF981FB90EC91" blockId="33.[151,1436,1654,2003]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFB1BA42FF6DF981FDF7ECAD" bold="true" box="[199,538,1654,1679]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Localities: Previous records.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8C814D5EFFB1BA42FD88F980FC08ECAD" authority="= El Quweira (Allen, 1915)" authorityName="El Quweira (Allen" authorityYear="1915" box="[546,997,1654,1679]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gerbillus">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFB1BA42FD88F980FD48ECAD" box="[546,677,1654,1679]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">G. gerbillus</emphasis>
= El Quweira (
<bibRefCitation id="2F104B2CFFB1BA42FCF9F981FC30ECAD" box="[851,989,1654,1679]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref30777" refString="Allen, G. M. (1915) Mammals obtained by the Phillips Palestine Expedition. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoolology of Harvard University, 59 (1), 3 - 14." type="journal article">Allen, 1915</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<quantity id="8C799B38FFB1BA42FC5BF980FBD4ECAD" box="[1009,1081,1654,1679]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="km" value="22.0">22 km</quantity>
N El Quweira, 5 Km S Ras an Naqb (
<bibRefCitation id="2F104B2CFFB1BA42FF48F96DFDEBEC91" box="[226,518,1690,1715]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref31502" refString="Atallah, S. I. &amp; Harrison, D. L. (1967) New records of rodents, bats and insectivores from the Arabian Peninsula. Journal of Zoology, London, 153 (3), 311 - 319. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1967. tb 04065. x" type="journal article">Atallah &amp; Harrison, 1967</bibRefCitation>
); S Ras an Naqb (Abu Baker &amp; Amr, 2004) (
<figureCitation id="D3BA2A58FFB1BA42FBACF96DFB9CEC91" box="[1030,1137,1690,1715]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1927,1949]" captionTargetBox="[275,1307,732,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[264,1323,697,1905]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 37. Distribution of Andersons gerbil, Gerbillus andersoni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1202851/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figure37</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="039B6556FFB1BA42FF6DF949FE3EED61" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="description">
<paragraph id="4B3E36DDFFB1BA42FF6DF949FE3EED61" blockId="33.[151,1436,1654,2003]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFB1BA42FF6DF949FEC1ECF5" bold="true" box="[199,300,1726,1751]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Habitat:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8C814D5EFFB1BA42FE9FF948FE2AECF5" authorityName="de Winton" authorityYear="1902" box="[309,455,1726,1751]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andersoni">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFB1BA42FE9FF948FE2AECF5" box="[309,455,1726,1751]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">G. andersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in areas of light sand dunes dominated with
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFB1BA42FB97F949FAF6ECF5" box="[1085,1307,1726,1751]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Anabasis
<taxonomicName id="8C814D5EFFB1BA42FB07F949FAF6ECF5" box="[1197,1307,1726,1751]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Acomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="articulata">articulata</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. It lives in association with the hairy-footed gerbil,
<taxonomicName id="8C814D5EFFB1BA42FDC7F914FCE8ECD9" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1919" box="[621,773,1762,1787]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFB1BA42FDC7F914FCE8ECD9" box="[621,773,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">G. cheesmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the fat sand rat,
<taxonomicName id="8C814D5EFFB1BA42FBAEF914FB0BECD9" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityYear="1828" box="[1028,1254,1762,1787]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Psammomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obesus">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFB1BA42FBAEF914FB0BECD9" box="[1028,1254,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Psammomys obesus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Burrows of
<taxonomicName id="8C814D5EFFB1BA42FA2EF914FEEAED3D" authorityName="de Winton" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andersoni">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFB1BA42FA2EF914FEEAED3D" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">G. andersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could not be distinguished from those of
<taxonomicName id="8C814D5EFFB1BA42FD4BF8F0FC9AED3D" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1919" box="[737,887,1798,1823]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFB1BA42FD4BF8F0FC9AED3D" box="[737,887,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">G. cheesmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Anderson's gerbil is a strictly nocturnal species (
<bibRefCitation id="2F104B2CFFB1BA42FF34F8DDFE2AED61" box="[158,455,1834,1859]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref30180" refString="Abu Baker, M. &amp; Amr, Z. (2003 a) A morphometric and taxonomic revision of the genus Gerbillus in Jordan with notes on its current distribution. Zoologische Abhandlungen (Dresden), 53, 177 - 204." type="journal article">Abu Baker &amp; Amr, 2003a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="039B6556FFB1BA42FF6DF8B9FCD6ED8D" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="4B3E36DDFFB1BA42FF6DF8B9FCD6ED8D" blockId="33.[151,1436,1654,2003]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFB1BA42FF6DF8B9FECCED45" bold="true" box="[199,289,1870,1895]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Biology</emphasis>
: Andersons gerbil is a nocturnal animal, specialized on seeds (i.e.
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFB1BA42FBBFF8B9FB3BED45" box="[1045,1238,1870,1895]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Thymelea
<taxonomicName id="8C814D5EFFB1BA42FB23F8B9FB3BED45" box="[1161,1238,1870,1895]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Herniaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsute">hirsute</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
). It breeds in late winter or early spring, coinciding with the annual seed shedding. Female gives birth to a litter of three to seven offspring after a gestation period that lasts for 20 to 22 days.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="039B6556FFB1BA41FF6DF84DFCDBEADA" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4B3E36DDFFB1BA41FF6DF84DFCDBEADA" blockId="33.[151,1436,1654,2003]" lastBlockId="34.[151,1437,151,248]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFB1BA42FF6DF84DFED9EDF1" bold="true" box="[199,308,1978,2003]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Remarks</emphasis>
: The distribution of this species is known only from the sand desert south of Ras an Naqb. Its presense in
<collectingCountry id="3396764DFFB2BA41FE8BFF60FE81EA92" box="[289,364,151,176]" name="Jordan" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Jordan</collectingCountry>
may represent a relict population.
<taxonomicName id="8C814D5EFFB2BA41FCAEFF6FFC7BEA92" authorityName="de Winton" authorityYear="1902" box="[772,918,151,176]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andersoni">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFB2BA41FCAEFF6FFC7BEA92" box="[772,918,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">G. andersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have 2N=40 and FN = 80 (male specimen). There are 14 metacentric and 24 submetacentric autosomes. The X and Y chromosomes are medium and smallsized submetacentric, respectively (
<bibRefCitation id="2F104B2CFFB2BA41FD8FFF28FCC7EADA" box="[549,810,223,248]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref30364" refString="Abu Baker, M., Khalil, A., Sheyab, F. &amp; Amr, Z. (2009) A karyotypic study on rodents of the genus Gerbillus collected from Jordan. Vertebrate Zoology, 59 (1), 111 - 116." type="journal article">
Abu Baker
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFB2BA41FD0DFF16FD34EADA" box="[679,729,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al</emphasis>
., 2009
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>