216 lines
14 KiB
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216 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050" ID-PMC="PMC8930920" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-10-e76050" ID-Pensoft-UUID="440282C625BD5D90A9623563DB6850F5" ID-PubMed="35437414" ModsDocID="1314-2828-10-e76050" checkinTime="1647039089382" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Simon, Andrew D. F., Adamczyk, Emily M., Basman, Antranig, Chu, Jackson W. F., Gartner, Heidi N., Fletcher, Karin, Gibbs, Charles J., Gibbs, Donna M., Gilmore, Scott R., Harbo, Rick M., Harris, Leslie H., Humphrey, Elaine, Lamb, Andy, Lambert, Philip, McDaniel, Neil, Scott, Jessica & Starzomski, Brian M." docDate="2022" docId="B5C82C0255DB54C18C043FFE296ADC7B" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 10: e76050" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 10" docPubDate="2022-03-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050" docTitle="Tubulanus Minot 1876" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="440282C625BD5D90A9623563DB6850F5" lastPageNumber="76050" masterDocId="440282C625BD5D90A9623563DB6850F5" masterDocTitle="Toward an atlas of Salish Sea biodiversity: the flora and fauna of Galiano Island, British Columbia, Canada. Part I. Marine zoology" masterLastPageNumber="76050" masterPageNumber="76050" pageNumber="76050" updateTime="1668121969866" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Toward an atlas of Salish Sea biodiversity: the flora and fauna of Galiano Island, British Columbia, Canada. Part I. Marine zoology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Simon, Andrew D. F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5358-8974</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">adfsimon@imerss.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Adamczyk, Emily M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada & University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Basman, Antranig</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chu, Jackson W. F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7776-9446</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gartner, Heidi N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fletcher, Karin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Port Orchard 98366, Port Orchard, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gibbs, Charles J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Pacific Marine Life Surveys, Port Coquitlam, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gibbs, Donna M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Pacific Marine Life Surveys, Port Coquitlam, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gilmore, Scott R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>7494 Andrea Cres, Lantzville, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Harbo, Rick M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Harris, Leslie H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Humphrey, Elaine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada & University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lamb, Andy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Pacific Marine Life Surveys, Port Coquitlam, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lambert, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>McDaniel, Neil</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>McDaniel Photography, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Scott, Jessica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Ocean Wise, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Starzomski, Brian M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-03-10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>76050</mods:start>
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<mods:end>76050</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828-10-e76050</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">440282C625BD5D90A9623563DB6850F5</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B5C82C0255DB54C18C043FFE296ADC7B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B5C82C0255DB54C18C043FFE296ADC7B" lastPageNumber="76050" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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<taxonomicName LSID="B5C82C02-55DB-54C1-8C04-3FFE296ADC7B" authority="Minot, 1876" authorityName="Minot" authorityYear="1876" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="phylum">Platyhelminthes Minot, 1876</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Notes</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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[
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">1 class: 1 order: 2 families: 2 genera: 2 species</emphasis>
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]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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'
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<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="phylum">Platyhelminthes</taxonomicName>
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' is rooted in the Greek
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<normalizedToken originalValue="πλατύ">πλατύ</normalizedToken>
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(platy), meaning
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“flat”">"flat"</normalizedToken>
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, and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ἑλμινθ-">ἑλμινθ-</normalizedToken>
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(helminth-), meaning
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“worm”">"worm"</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="phylum">Platyhelminthes</taxonomicName>
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(flatworms) are a phylum of dorsoventrally flattened, bilaterally symmetrical invertebrates, most of which are found in marine and freshwater environments (
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<bibRefCitation author="Collins, James J." journalOrPublisher="Current Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B7630688" refString="Collins, James J., 2017. Platyhelminthes. Current Biology 27 (7)" title="Platyhelminthes" volume="27" year="2017">Collins 2017</bibRefCitation>
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). The phylum includes nearly 13,000 extant marine species (
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<bibRefCitation author="Williams, R." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Cetacean Research and Management" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6696482" refString="Board WoRMS Editorial World Register of Marine Species https://www.marinespecies.org 2021-01-12T00:00:00+02:00" year="2007">WoRMS Editorial Board 2021</bibRefCitation>
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), though this estimate does not account for cryptic parasitic species, such as trematodes or flukes, and many taxa remain undescribed. Over 170 species are reported for the coast of British Columbia (
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<bibRefCitation author="Austin, W. C." journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6721565" refString="Baldwin A. Checklist of the tapeworms, flukes, and monogeneans of British Columbia https://ibis.geog.ubc.ca/biodiversity/efauna/documents/RibbonWormsPlatyhelminthesBaldwinJuly2010.pdf 2021-02-05T00:00:00+02:00" year="2014">Baldwin 2010b</bibRefCitation>
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), two of which have been reported for Galiano Island to date.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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Given the region's high diversity of cryptic free-living and parasitic flatworm species, expert search effort is necessary to gain a comprehensive understanding of this understudied phylum. The larger flatworm species in the order Polycladia are the most likely to be found diving or in intertidal areas. However, even with this more visible group, species identification can be difficult, requiring the fixing, cleaning and sectioning of specimens to examine the microscopic details of copulatory organs and other internal anatomy. Only the largest and most distinctly patterned taxa, such as
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1933" class="Sagittoidea" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Eurylepta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurylepta leoparda" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="leoparda">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Eurylepta leoparda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Freeman, 1933 (spotted flatworm) (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F6721500" captionText="Figure 8. Eurylepta leoparda (spotted flatworm) - Photograph by Karolle Wall." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/506068" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">8</figureCitation>
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), can easily be identified in the field. Of these more conspicuous taxa, around 10 species are likely to be encountered diving around Galiano Island. Many more species could potentially be documented by taxonomic specialists via searches targeting the more obscure free-living species or fluke, tapeworm and monogenean parasites. Regional taxonomic references for
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1831" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="phylum">platyhelminthes</taxonomicName>
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include
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<bibRefCitation author="Kozloff, E. N." journalOrPublisher="University of Washington Press, Seattle" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662860" refString="Kozloff, E. N., 1996. Marine invertebrates of the Pacific northwest. University of Washington Press, Seattle" title="Marine invertebrates of the Pacific northwest" year="1996">Kozloff (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Lamb, A." journalOrPublisher="Harbour Publishing, Maideira Park" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662869" refString="Lamb, A., Hanby, B. P., 2005. Marine life of the Pacific Northwest: a photographic encyclopedia of invertebrates, seaweeds and selected fishes. Harbour Publishing, Maideira Park" title="Marine life of the Pacific Northwest: a photographic encyclopedia of invertebrates, seaweeds and selected fishes" year="2005">Lamb and Hanby (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Carlton, JT" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662886" refString="Carlton, JT, 2007. The Light and Smith Manual, intertidal invertebrates from Central California to Oregon. University of California Press, Berkeley" title="The Light and Smith Manual, intertidal invertebrates from Central California to Oregon" year="2007">Carlton (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Austin, W. C." journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6721565" refString="Baldwin A. Checklist of the tapeworms, flukes, and monogeneans of British Columbia https://ibis.geog.ubc.ca/biodiversity/efauna/documents/RibbonWormsPlatyhelminthesBaldwinJuly2010.pdf 2021-02-05T00:00:00+02:00" year="2014">Baldwin (2010b)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Jensen, G. C." journalOrPublisher="MolaMarine, Bremerton" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662971" refString="Jensen, G. C., Gotshall, D. W., Miller, R. E. F., 2018. Beneath Pacific tides: subtidal invertebrates of the West Coast. MolaMarine, Bremerton" title="Beneath Pacific tides: subtidal invertebrates of the West Coast" year="2018">Jensen et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
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. For annotated records of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1831" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="phylum">platyhelminthes</taxonomicName>
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reported for Galiano Island, see supplementary materials (Suppl. material 6).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |