627 lines
130 KiB
XML
627 lines
130 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="6FA4943F02E51C172F63223AEF96E42E">Early Miocene stalked crinoids (Echinodermata) from the southern Rhodanian basin (southeastern France). Paleoenvironments and taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CF78FA6AA74FE9EA193FFCC32B0DAEB7">Roux, Michel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="682CFBD0C521AD23B6B66D0FBAEDB442">Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, UMR 7205 ISYEB MNHN-CNRS-UPMC-EPHE, Département Systématique et Évolution, CP</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EEB78A5615B3198AEBD3D505F10495F6">Philippe, Michel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2E9DD77D039E458E6CEAF589D331FF3E">Centre “ Louis Lortet de conservation et d’étude des collections (Musée des Confluences, Lyon) 13 A, rue Bancel - 69007 Lyon, France. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4582 - 8990</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="20BA55B374EA3996FA8D1E480E77DA1C">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="AD1B87ADFFF3CC6AFF25066BFE54FD36" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5578560" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189004425" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5578560" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD1B87ADFFF3CC6AFF25066BFE54FD36" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AD1B87ADFFF3CC6AFF25066BFE54FD36" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="323" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">
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<subSubSection id="6DA86530FFF3CC6CFF25066BFDB3FBD4" box="[151,573,1045,1072]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF3CC6CFF25066BFDB3FBD4" blockId="16.[151,729,1045,1108]" box="[151,573,1045,1072]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">
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<heading id="7E4581D7FFF3CC6CFF25066BFDB3FBD4" bold="true" box="[151,573,1045,1072]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF3CC6CFF25066BFDB3FBD4" authority="(Nicolas, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Nicolas" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[151,573,1045,1072]" class="Crinoidea" family="Pentacrinitidae" genus="Metacrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="berthei">
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<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF3CC6CFF25066BFDB3FBD4" bold="true" box="[151,573,1045,1072]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">
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<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF3CC6CFF25066BFEF0FBCB" bold="true" box="[151,382,1045,1072]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Metacrinus berthei</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="41234B4AFFF3CC6CFE3F066BFDBBFBD4" author="Nicolas, H." box="[397,565,1045,1071]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" pagination="60 - 152" refId="ref19738" refString="Nicolas, H. (1897) Etude sur les terrains tertiaires des environs d'Avignon. Le Miocene. Memoires de l'Academie du Vaucluse, Avignon, 16, 60 - 152." type="journal article" year="1897">Nicolas, 1897</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6DA86530FFF3CC6CFF250647FDCCFB28" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" type="description">
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<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF3CC6CFF250647FD57FBAF" blockId="16.[151,729,1045,1108]" box="[151,729,1081,1108]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">
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<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF3CC6CFF250647FF71FBAF" box="[151,255,1081,1108]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="8.[151,250,1435,1459]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,250,1245,1269]" captionTargetBox-0="[171,1410,937,1408]" captionTargetBox-1="[194,1389,637,1215]" captionTargetId-0="figure-140@8.[168,1417,929,1411]" captionTargetId-1="figure-238@10.[193,1394,633,1221]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Variation in the general shape and size of the isocrinid columnals of morphotype C from the Palais des Papes in Avignon. Morphotype C is attributed to Metacrinus berthei (see text). See Fig. 3 for abbreviations. Values in mm, except for ratios and number of columnals (Nd and IN)." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Variation in the general shape and size of isocrinid columnals of the two main isocrinid species from the different sites in the Rhône-Provence Bay. Entr.: Entrechaux, IN: internodals, N: nodals. The envelopes of points corresponding to the sites Picabrier and Avignon (Palais des Papes) are only figured (see Figs. 3 and 4), except for E. gastaldii from Avignon. Values in mm, except for ratios H/D." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572085" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572089" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5572085/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5572089/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Figs. 4–5</figureCitation>
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(morphotype B), 6, 8–12A–C;
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<tableCitation id="68300300FFF3CC6CFDED0647FD57FBAF" box="[607,729,1081,1108]" captionStart-0="TABLE 5" captionStart-1="TABLE 6" captionStart-2="TABLE 7" captionStartId-0="9.[151,239,623,647]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,239,1094,1118]" captionStartId-2="18.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="18" captionText-0="TABLE 5. Variation of main quantitative columnal characters in morphotype B from Picabrier. Morphotype B is attributed to Metacrinus berthei (see Systematic revision). (*): mode. Values in mm, except for ratios." captionText-1="TABLE 6. Variation of main columnal quantitative characters in morphotype C from Avignon and Beaucaire. Morphotype C is attributed to Metacrinus berthei (See Systematic revision). Av: Avignon, Beau: Beaucaire. Values in mm, except for ratios." captionText-2="TABLE 7. Variation of main quantitative columnal characters in Metacrinus from type localities of Pentacrinus berthei Nicolas, 1897 and P. miocenicus de Loriol, 1897. LA: Les Angles, NDC: Notre-Dame du Château. Values in mm, except for ratios." httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/71CD6633FFEACC75FF250638FF54FB5D" httpUri-2="http://table.plazi.org/id/71CD6633FFF1CC6EFF2502E9FE8EFF0C" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" tableUuid-1="71CD6633FFEACC75FF250638FF54FB5D" tableUuid-2="71CD6633FFF1CC6EFF2502E9FE8EFF0C">Tables 5–7</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF3CC6CFF250603FDCCFB28" blockId="16.[151,1437,1149,1235]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">
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<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF3CC6CFF250603FE80FB6D" bold="true" box="[151,270,1149,1174]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" reason="1">Synonymy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF3CC6CFEA40600FD49FB6D" authority="Nicolas, 1897: 79 - 80" authorityName="Nicolas" authorityPageNumber="79 - 80" authorityYear="1897" box="[278,711,1150,1174]" class="Crinoidea" family="Pentacrinitidae" genus="Pentacrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="berthei">
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<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF3CC6CFEA40600FE6EFB6D" box="[278,480,1150,1174]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Pentacrinus berthei</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="41234B4AFFF3CC6CFE5A0600FD49FB6D" author="Nicolas, H." box="[488,711,1150,1174]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" pagination="60 - 152" refId="ref19738" refString="Nicolas, H. (1897) Etude sur les terrains tertiaires des environs d'Avignon. Le Miocene. Memoires de l'Academie du Vaucluse, Avignon, 16, 60 - 152." type="journal article" year="1897">Nicolas, 1897: 79–80</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 12;
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<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF3CC6CFC970600FAA4FB6D" authority="de Loriol, 1897: 127 - 129" authorityName="de Loriol" authorityPageNumber="127 - 129" authorityYear="1897" box="[805,1322,1150,1174]" class="Crinoidea" family="Pentacrinitidae" genus="Pentacrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="miocenicus">
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<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF3CC6CFC970600FB94FB6E" box="[805,1050,1150,1173]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Pentacrinus miocenicus</emphasis>
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de
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<bibRefCitation id="41234B4AFFF3CC6CFBF30600FAA4FB6D" author="Loriol, P. de" box="[1089,1322,1150,1174]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" pagination="115 - 129" refId="ref19232" refString="Loriol, P. de (1897) Description de quelques Echinodermes. Appendice la note de M. E. Pellat sur le Burdigalien superieur. Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France, Series 3, 25, 115 - 129." type="journal article" year="1897">Loriol, 1897: 127–129</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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pars., figs. 15–16;
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<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF3CC6CFEA606E3FD57FB4F" authority="Nicolas, 1898: 396 - 398" authorityName="Nicolas" authorityPageNumber="396 - 398" authorityYear="1898" box="[276,729,1180,1205]" class="Crinoidea" family="Pentacrinitidae" genus="Pentacrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="berthei">
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<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF3CC6CFEA606E3FE53FB4F" box="[276,477,1180,1204]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Pentacrinus berthei</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="41234B4AFFF3CC6CFE5606E2FD57FB4F" author="Nicolas, H." box="[484,729,1180,1205]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" pagination="383 - 413" refId="ref19771" refString="Nicolas, H. (1898) Etude des terrains tertiaires des environs d'Avignon. Miocene. Note complementaire sur la faune de la Femme de Loth et revision des Antedons de ce meme horizon. Association francaise pour l'Avancement des Sciences. Compte rendu de la 26 eme session, Congres de Saint-Etienne, 1897, Notes et Memoires, Masson, Paris, pp. 383 - 413." type="book chapter" year="1898">Nicolas, 1898: 396–398</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 1;
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<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF3CC6CFC9506E3FB47FB4E" authority="Lambert, 1899: 122" authorityName="Lambert" authorityPageNumber="122" authorityYear="1899" box="[807,1225,1180,1205]" class="Crinoidea" family="Pentacrinitidae" genus="Pentacrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="berthae">
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<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF3CC6CFC9506E3FC78FB4F" box="[807,1014,1180,1204]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Pentacrinus berthae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="41234B4AFFF3CC6CFC4F06E2FB47FB4E" author="Lambert, J." box="[1021,1225,1180,1205]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" pagination="121 - 122" refId="ref19173" refString="Lambert, J. (1899) Etude sur les terrains tertiaires des environs d'Avignon par H. Nicolas. Revue critique de Paleozoologie, Paris, 1, 121 - 122." type="journal article" year="1899">Lambert, 1899: 122</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF3CC6CFB6106E3FDB0FB28" authority="Biese and Sieverts-Doreck, 1939: 45" authorityName="Biese and Sieverts-Doreck" authorityPageNumber="45" authorityYear="1939" class="Crinoidea" family="Pentacrinitidae" genus="Pentacrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="berthei">
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<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF3CC6CFB6106E3FA12FB4F" box="[1235,1436,1180,1204]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Pentacrinus berthei</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="41234B4AFFF3CC6CFF7506C5FDB0FB28" author="Biese, W. & Sieverts-Doreck, H." box="[199,574,1211,1235]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" pagination="1 - 155" refId="ref17632" refString="Biese, W. & Sieverts-Doreck, H. (1939) Crinoidea caenozoica. In Quenstedt, W. (Ed.), Fossilium Catalogus, I: Animalia, 80. W. Junk's Gravenhage, pp. 1 - 155." type="book chapter" year="1939">Biese and Sieverts-Doreck, 1939: 45</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6DA86530FFF3CC6CFF25077FFEC9F9EC" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF3CC6CFF25077FFEC9F9EC" blockId="16.[151,1437,1281,2028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">
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<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF3CC6CFF25077FFECBFAE0" bold="true" box="[151,325,1281,1307]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Type material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="95DA3CE6FFF3CC6CFEF9077FFECDF9EC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3387175306" collectionCode="MRA" county="The" location="The" municipality="Requien Museum in Avignon" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" specimenCode="UCBL-FSL 19.099, 1, 2" specimenCount="5" typeStatus="syntype">
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<location id="206D6060FFF3CC6CFEF9077FFEF9FAE0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD1B87ADFFF3CC6AFF25066BFE54FD36:206D6060FFF3CC6CFEF9077FFEF9FAE0" box="[331,375,1281,1307]" county="The" municipality="Requien Museum in Avignon" name="The" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">The</location>
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original description (
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<bibRefCitation id="41234B4AFFF3CC6CFDD4077FFD73FAE0" author="Nicolas, H." box="[614,765,1281,1307]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" pagination="60 - 152" refId="ref19738" refString="Nicolas, H. (1897) Etude sur les terrains tertiaires des environs d'Avignon. Le Miocene. Memoires de l'Academie du Vaucluse, Avignon, 16, 60 - 152." type="journal article" year="1897">Nicolas 1897</bibRefCitation>
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) is based on a type series comprising 1 distal stalk fragment (
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<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF3CC6CFF12075BFE93FAC4" box="[160,285,1317,1343]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1001,1025]" captionTargetBox="[349,1234,355,963]" captionTargetId="figure-78@17.[340,1247,345,978]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Type series of Metacrinus berthei from Les Angles (after Nicolas 1898 modified). The arrowhead indicates the break separating in two fragments the syntype 1 (A: fragment MRA 3.009.192; B: fragment UCBL-FSL 19099-1); C–D: isolated internodals, C: syntype 3 (MRA 3.009.194.1), D: syntype 4 (MRA 3.009.194.2); E: syntype 5 considered as lost, F: syntype 2 (UCBL-FSL 19099-2); ci: proximal fragments of cirri (3 to 4 cirrals) connected to the nodal, Nd: nodal. Scale bar equals 5 mm, except in C–D where it equals 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572099" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572099/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Fig. 8A–B</figureCitation>
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), 2
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<location id="206D6060FFF3CC6CFEF2075BFEEBFAC4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD1B87ADFFF3CC6AFF25066BFE54FD36:206D6060FFF3CC6CFEF2075BFEEBFAC4" box="[320,357,1317,1343]" county="The" municipality="Requien Museum in Avignon" name="Plc" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Plc</location>
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(
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF3CC6CFEC5075BFE65FAC4" box="[375,491,1317,1343]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1001,1025]" captionTargetBox="[349,1234,355,963]" captionTargetId="figure-78@17.[340,1247,345,978]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Type series of Metacrinus berthei from Les Angles (after Nicolas 1898 modified). The arrowhead indicates the break separating in two fragments the syntype 1 (A: fragment MRA 3.009.192; B: fragment UCBL-FSL 19099-1); C–D: isolated internodals, C: syntype 3 (MRA 3.009.194.1), D: syntype 4 (MRA 3.009.194.2); E: syntype 5 considered as lost, F: syntype 2 (UCBL-FSL 19099-2); ci: proximal fragments of cirri (3 to 4 cirrals) connected to the nodal, Nd: nodal. Scale bar equals 5 mm, except in C–D where it equals 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572099" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572099/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Fig. 8E–F</figureCitation>
|
||
) and 2 isolated IN (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF3CC6CFD64075BFCDAFAC4" box="[726,852,1317,1343]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1001,1025]" captionTargetBox="[349,1234,355,963]" captionTargetId="figure-78@17.[340,1247,345,978]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Type series of Metacrinus berthei from Les Angles (after Nicolas 1898 modified). The arrowhead indicates the break separating in two fragments the syntype 1 (A: fragment MRA 3.009.192; B: fragment UCBL-FSL 19099-1); C–D: isolated internodals, C: syntype 3 (MRA 3.009.194.1), D: syntype 4 (MRA 3.009.194.2); E: syntype 5 considered as lost, F: syntype 2 (UCBL-FSL 19099-2); ci: proximal fragments of cirri (3 to 4 cirrals) connected to the nodal, Nd: nodal. Scale bar equals 5 mm, except in C–D where it equals 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572099" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572099/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Fig. 8C–D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="206D6060FFF3CC6CFCDB075BFC24FAC4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD1B87ADFFF3CC6AFF25066BFE54FD36:206D6060FFF3CC6CFCDB075BFC24FAC4" box="[873,938,1317,1343]" county="The" municipality="Requien Museum in Avignon" name="There" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">There</location>
|
||
was no indication of the original collector.
|
||
<location id="206D6060FFF3CC6CFF250737FEAEFA98" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD1B87ADFFF3CC6AFF25066BFE54FD36:206D6060FFF3CC6CFF250737FEAEFA98" box="[151,288,1353,1379]" county="The" municipality="Requien Museum in Avignon" name="The Nicolas" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">The Nicolas</location>
|
||
collection housed at UCBL-FSL comprises 2/3 of the stalk fragment (
|
||
<specimenCode id="75149EC0FFF3CC6CFB860737FA9AFA98" box="[1076,1300,1353,1379]" collectionCode="UCBL-FSL" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">UCBL-FSL 19.099</specimenCode>
|
||
-
|
||
<specimenCode id="75149EC0FFF3CC6CFAAF0737FAA8FA98" box="[1309,1318,1353,1379]" collectionCode="UCBL-FSL" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">1</specimenCode>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF3CC6CFA8C0737FA1AFA98" box="[1342,1428,1353,1379]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1001,1025]" captionTargetBox="[349,1234,355,963]" captionTargetId="figure-78@17.[340,1247,345,978]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Type series of Metacrinus berthei from Les Angles (after Nicolas 1898 modified). The arrowhead indicates the break separating in two fragments the syntype 1 (A: fragment MRA 3.009.192; B: fragment UCBL-FSL 19099-1); C–D: isolated internodals, C: syntype 3 (MRA 3.009.194.1), D: syntype 4 (MRA 3.009.194.2); E: syntype 5 considered as lost, F: syntype 2 (UCBL-FSL 19099-2); ci: proximal fragments of cirri (3 to 4 cirrals) connected to the nodal, Nd: nodal. Scale bar equals 5 mm, except in C–D where it equals 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572099" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572099/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and 1
|
||
<location id="206D6060FFF3CC6CFF6C0713FE8CFA7C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD1B87ADFFF3CC6AFF25066BFE54FD36:206D6060FFF3CC6CFF6C0713FE8CFA7C" box="[222,258,1389,1415]" county="The" municipality="Requien Museum in Avignon" name="Plc" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Plc</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="75149EC0FFF3CC6CFEA30713FE60FA7C" box="[273,494,1389,1415]" collectionCode="UCBL-FSL" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">UCBL-FSL 19.099</specimenCode>
|
||
-
|
||
<specimenCode id="75149EC0FFF3CC6CFE440713FD8AFA7C" box="[502,516,1389,1415]" collectionCode="UCBL-FSL" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">2</specimenCode>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF3CC6CFDAE0713FDFCFA7C" box="[540,626,1389,1415]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1001,1025]" captionTargetBox="[349,1234,355,963]" captionTargetId="figure-78@17.[340,1247,345,978]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Type series of Metacrinus berthei from Les Angles (after Nicolas 1898 modified). The arrowhead indicates the break separating in two fragments the syntype 1 (A: fragment MRA 3.009.192; B: fragment UCBL-FSL 19099-1); C–D: isolated internodals, C: syntype 3 (MRA 3.009.194.1), D: syntype 4 (MRA 3.009.194.2); E: syntype 5 considered as lost, F: syntype 2 (UCBL-FSL 19099-2); ci: proximal fragments of cirri (3 to 4 cirrals) connected to the nodal, Nd: nodal. Scale bar equals 5 mm, except in C–D where it equals 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572099" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572099/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="206D6060FFF3CC6CFD350710FD10FA73" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD1B87ADFFF3CC6AFF25066BFE54FD36:206D6060FFF3CC6CFD350710FD10FA73" box="[647,670,1390,1416]" county="The" municipality="Requien Museum in Avignon" name="In" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">In</location>
|
||
the
|
||
<location id="206D6060FFF3CC6CFD630713FCA0FA7C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD1B87ADFFF3CC6AFF25066BFE54FD36:206D6060FFF3CC6CFD630713FCA0FA7C" box="[721,814,1389,1415]" county="The" municipality="Requien Museum in Avignon" name="Chatelet" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Châtelet</location>
|
||
collection housed at the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="C569ACC1FFF3CC6CFBF80713FA16FA7C" box="[1098,1432,1389,1416]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Requien Museum in Avignon</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, we found the proximal third of the stalk fragment (
|
||
<collectionCode id="43A3AE7EFFF3CC6CFD4207EFFCBEFA50" box="[752,816,1425,1451]" country="France" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jxic-ywaf" name="Museo Requieu" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">MRA</collectionCode>
|
||
3.009.192) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF3CC6CFC7A07EFFBADFA57" box="[968,1059,1425,1452]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1795,1819]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,181,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[172,1416,181,1772]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Columnals and pluricolumùnals of?Endoxocrinus gastaldii. A–B: from Notre-Dame du Château, A: proximal pluricolumnal (cotype of Pentacrinus miocenicus de Loriol, 1897, fig. 18) (MASRP 2020.5012), B: more distal subpentagonal pluricolumnal (MASRP 2020.5022); C–D: from Palais des Papes in Avignon (MHNL 20.062709), C: distal pluricolumnal, D: nodal from proximalmost stalk, proximal symplexial facet; E–J: from Picabrier (MHNL 20.062711), E: internodal from proximal middle stalk, F: internodal from distal middle stalk, G–H: nodal from a young individual, G: oblique proximal view, H: side view showing cirrus sockets, I–J: nodals from large specimens, I: oblique distal view showing the cryptosymplexial facet, J: oblique proximal view showing a cirrus socket. Scale bar equals 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572095/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the two isolated IN (
|
||
<collectionCode id="43A3AE7EFFF3CC6CFAEE07EFFA12FA50" box="[1372,1436,1425,1451]" country="France" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jxic-ywaf" name="Museo Requieu" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">MRA</collectionCode>
|
||
3.009.194.1-2).
|
||
<collectingCounty id="CC6C4E37FFF3CC6CFEF907CBFEF9FA34" box="[331,375,1461,1487]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">The</collectingCounty>
|
||
stalk fragment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF3CC6CFD9C07CBFD0BFA34" box="[558,645,1461,1487]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1001,1025]" captionTargetBox="[349,1234,355,963]" captionTargetId="figure-78@17.[340,1247,345,978]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Type series of Metacrinus berthei from Les Angles (after Nicolas 1898 modified). The arrowhead indicates the break separating in two fragments the syntype 1 (A: fragment MRA 3.009.192; B: fragment UCBL-FSL 19099-1); C–D: isolated internodals, C: syntype 3 (MRA 3.009.194.1), D: syntype 4 (MRA 3.009.194.2); E: syntype 5 considered as lost, F: syntype 2 (UCBL-FSL 19099-2); ci: proximal fragments of cirri (3 to 4 cirrals) connected to the nodal, Nd: nodal. Scale bar equals 5 mm, except in C–D where it equals 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572099" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572099/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
+B) is here designated as
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA098819FFF3CC6CFC1507C8FC70FA2B" box="[935,1022,1462,1488]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
1, the Plc (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF3CC6CFBCC07CBFB5FFA34" box="[1150,1233,1461,1487]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1001,1025]" captionTargetBox="[349,1234,355,963]" captionTargetId="figure-78@17.[340,1247,345,978]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Type series of Metacrinus berthei from Les Angles (after Nicolas 1898 modified). The arrowhead indicates the break separating in two fragments the syntype 1 (A: fragment MRA 3.009.192; B: fragment UCBL-FSL 19099-1); C–D: isolated internodals, C: syntype 3 (MRA 3.009.194.1), D: syntype 4 (MRA 3.009.194.2); E: syntype 5 considered as lost, F: syntype 2 (UCBL-FSL 19099-2); ci: proximal fragments of cirri (3 to 4 cirrals) connected to the nodal, Nd: nodal. Scale bar equals 5 mm, except in C–D where it equals 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572099" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572099/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
|
||
) as
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA098819FFF3CC6CFB4D07C8FAD8FA2B" box="[1279,1366,1462,1488]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
2, the first isolated IN (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF3CC6CFEE407A7FE25FA08" box="[342,427,1497,1523]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1001,1025]" captionTargetBox="[349,1234,355,963]" captionTargetId="figure-78@17.[340,1247,345,978]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Type series of Metacrinus berthei from Les Angles (after Nicolas 1898 modified). The arrowhead indicates the break separating in two fragments the syntype 1 (A: fragment MRA 3.009.192; B: fragment UCBL-FSL 19099-1); C–D: isolated internodals, C: syntype 3 (MRA 3.009.194.1), D: syntype 4 (MRA 3.009.194.2); E: syntype 5 considered as lost, F: syntype 2 (UCBL-FSL 19099-2); ci: proximal fragments of cirri (3 to 4 cirrals) connected to the nodal, Nd: nodal. Scale bar equals 5 mm, except in C–D where it equals 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572099" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572099/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
) as
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA098819FFF3CC6CFE6807A4FDBFFA0F" box="[474,561,1498,1524]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
3, and the second (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF3CC6CFCBB07A7FCE3FA08" box="[777,877,1497,1523]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1001,1025]" captionTargetBox="[349,1234,355,963]" captionTargetId="figure-78@17.[340,1247,345,978]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Type series of Metacrinus berthei from Les Angles (after Nicolas 1898 modified). The arrowhead indicates the break separating in two fragments the syntype 1 (A: fragment MRA 3.009.192; B: fragment UCBL-FSL 19099-1); C–D: isolated internodals, C: syntype 3 (MRA 3.009.194.1), D: syntype 4 (MRA 3.009.194.2); E: syntype 5 considered as lost, F: syntype 2 (UCBL-FSL 19099-2); ci: proximal fragments of cirri (3 to 4 cirrals) connected to the nodal, Nd: nodal. Scale bar equals 5 mm, except in C–D where it equals 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572099" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572099/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Figs. 8D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF3CC6CFCCA07A7FC12FA08" box="[888,924,1497,1523]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,181,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[166,1421,181,1786]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Columnals and pluricolumnals of Metacrinus berthei.A:from LesAngles, syntype 4, internodal(MRA 3.009.194.2); B–D: from Notre-Dame du Château, B–C: pluricolumnal, cotype of Pentacrinus miocenicus de Loriol, 1897, fig. 15 (MASRP 2020.5014); D: nodal, cirrus socket, distal facet below (MASRP 2020.5023a); E: from Le Barroux, pluricolumnal (MHNL 20.062715); F–K: from Picabrier (MHNL 20.062721), F: internodale; G: nodale, H–K: sharp-edged internodals with side faces convex in the center, I–J: proximal end of a noditaxis, I: distal symplexy, J: proximal cryptosymplexy of the infranodal, K: pluricolumnal, side view. Scale bar equals 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572101/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
) as
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA098819FFF3CC6CFC7B07A4FBAEFA0F" box="[969,1056,1498,1524]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
4. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA098819FFF3CC6CFBC707A4FB42FA0F" box="[1141,1228,1498,1524]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
5 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF3CC6CFB4207A7FACBFA08" box="[1264,1349,1497,1523]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1001,1025]" captionTargetBox="[349,1234,355,963]" captionTargetId="figure-78@17.[340,1247,345,978]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Type series of Metacrinus berthei from Les Angles (after Nicolas 1898 modified). The arrowhead indicates the break separating in two fragments the syntype 1 (A: fragment MRA 3.009.192; B: fragment UCBL-FSL 19099-1); C–D: isolated internodals, C: syntype 3 (MRA 3.009.194.1), D: syntype 4 (MRA 3.009.194.2); E: syntype 5 considered as lost, F: syntype 2 (UCBL-FSL 19099-2); ci: proximal fragments of cirri (3 to 4 cirrals) connected to the nodal, Nd: nodal. Scale bar equals 5 mm, except in C–D where it equals 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572099" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572099/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
|
||
) can be considered lost
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6DA86530FFF3CC6CFF75045FFC1CF9A4" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF3CC6CFF75045FFC1CF9A4" blockId="16.[151,1437,1281,2028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF3CC6CFF75045FFEC0F9C0" bold="true" box="[199,334,1569,1595]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Nicolas dedicated this species to Berthe Sinard who firstly suggested that the Miocene environment at Les Angles was deeper than previously interpreted (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41234B4AFFF3CC6CFD45043BFC0BF9A4" author="Sinard, B." box="[759,901,1605,1631]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" pagination="402 - 404" refId="ref21107" refString="Sinard, B. (1892) Sur la presence de Pentacrinus dans le Miocene des Angles (Gard). Association francaise pour l'Avancement des Sciences, Congres de Marseille, 1891, 402 - 404." type="journal article" year="1892">Sinard 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6DA86530FFF3CC6DFF750417FEA4FEBA" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="318" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF3CC6CFF750417FAC4F90B" blockId="16.[151,1437,1281,2028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF3CC6CFF750417FE3FF978" bold="true" box="[199,433,1641,1667]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
Les Angles (10 Plc, 21 isolated IN, 2 N); Avignon (111 Plc, 613 isolated IN, 49 isolated N, numerous Br and Ci), Le Barroux (9 Plc, 1 IN); Beaucaire (4 Plc, 10 isolated IN), Entrechaux Ferme Pie (2 Plc, 25 isolated IN, 1 N), Entrechaux Pont Saint-Michel (1 IN), Notre-Dame du Château (22 Plc, 19 isolated IN, 2 isolated N), Picabrier (15Plc, 106 isolated IN, 17 isolated N), Vedènes (1 Plc, 12 isolated IN, Brs), Tarascon (9 Plc).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF3CC6CFF750487FDB4F8E8" blockId="16.[151,1437,1281,2028]" box="[199,570,1785,1812]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF3CC6CFF750487FEE1F8E8" bold="true" box="[199,367,1785,1811]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA098819FFF3CC6CFF750487FE8CF8E8" box="[199,258,1785,1811]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
stratum.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Late Burdigalian.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF3CC6CFF750563FC85F8C3" blockId="16.[151,1437,1281,2028]" box="[199,779,1821,1848]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF3CC6CFF750563FEE6F8CC" bold="true" box="[199,360,1821,1847]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Type-locality.</emphasis>
|
||
Ancient quarries, Les Angles (Gard).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF3CC6DFF75053FFEA4FEBA" blockId="16.[151,1437,1281,2028]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,151,321]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="318" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF3CC6CFF75053FFE39F8A0" bold="true" box="[199,439,1857,1883]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Emended diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Pentagonal columnals with often rounded edges, most proximal internodals and nodals slightly star-shaped, frequent inter-articular pores; maximum diameter
|
||
<quantity id="E24A9B5EFFF3CC6CFC0C051BFB96F87B" box="[958,1048,1893,1920]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" unit="mm" value="6.7">6.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, often very variable height within one nodotaxis even distally, maximum number of internodals per nodotaxis 19, average 16–17; symplexies with closed petaloid zones separated by marked grooves, number of crenulae per petaloid zone 15–16 rarely 17, crenulae of about the same size, ligament areas usually twice as long as wide (often less); nodals with oval cirrus sockets not exceeding their height; cryptosymplexy with regular symmorphy often marked and discrete marginal crenularium, facets without interpetaloid furrow; ornamentation absent or discrete, sometimes small knob or ridge at mid-height giving a more rounded to subcircular columnal section. Primibrachiales in number equal or superior to 6 with large pinnular sockets, IBr1+2 synostosis with aboral marginal crenularium, IBr3+4 synostosis smooth with aboral growth lines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="71CD6633FFF2CC6DFF250197FD9FFB6B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572099" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5572099" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572099/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" startId="17.[151,250,1001,1025]" targetBox="[349,1234,355,963]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF2CC6DFF250197FD9FFB6B" blockId="17.[151,1437,1001,1169]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF2CC6DFF250197FE9BFBFA" bold="true" box="[151,277,1001,1025]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF2CC6DFE040194FDF4FBFA" baseAuthorityName="Nicolas" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[438,634,1001,1025]" class="Crinoidea" family="Pentacrinitidae" genus="Metacrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="berthei">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF2CC6DFE040194FDF4FBFA" box="[438,634,1001,1025]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Metacrinus berthei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Les Angles (after
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41234B4AFFF2CC6DFCC40197FC70FBFA" author="Nicolas, H." box="[886,1022,1001,1025]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" pagination="383 - 413" refId="ref19771" refString="Nicolas, H. (1898) Etude des terrains tertiaires des environs d'Avignon. Miocene. Note complementaire sur la faune de la Femme de Loth et revision des Antedons de ce meme horizon. Association francaise pour l'Avancement des Sciences. Compte rendu de la 26 eme session, Congres de Saint-Etienne, 1897, Notes et Memoires, Masson, Paris, pp. 383 - 413." type="book chapter" year="1898">Nicolas 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
modified). The arrowhead indicates the break separating in two fragments the syntype 1 (A: fragment MRA 3.009.192; B: fragment UCBL-FSL 19099-1); C–D: isolated internodals, C: syntype 3 (MRA 3.009.194.1), D: syntype 4 (MRA 3.009.194.2); E: syntype 5 considered as lost, F: syntype 2 (UCBL-FSL 19099-2); ci: proximal fragments of cirri (3 to 4 cirrals) connected to the nodal, Nd: nodal. Scale bar equals 5 mm, except in C–D where it equals 4 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6DA86530FFF2CC6EFF7506C1FA13F826" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="319" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF2CC6DFF7506C1FE11F9E6" blockId="17.[151,1437,1215,1997]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF2CC6DFF7506C1FE67FB22" bold="true" box="[199,489,1215,1241]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA098819FFF2CC6DFEC906C1FE6AFB22" box="[379,484,1215,1241]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Distal stalk fragments, IN pentagonal or subpentagonal, N slightly starry.
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA098819FFF2CC6DFAF206C1FA12FB22" box="[1344,1436,1215,1241]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
1: L
|
||
<quantity id="E24A9B5EFFF2CC6DFF7E069DFEBEFB05" box="[204,304,1251,1278]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.74" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" unit="mm" value="47.4">47.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
composed of 1 complete Ndx of 19 IN (L
|
||
<quantity id="E24A9B5EFFF2CC6DFCA3069DFCF8FB05" box="[785,886,1251,1278]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" unit="mm" value="30.5">30.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
) + 1 incomplete Ndx of 15 IN (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF2CC6DFB6F069DFAD6FB06" box="[1245,1368,1251,1277]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1001,1025]" captionTargetBox="[349,1234,355,963]" captionTargetId="figure-78@17.[340,1247,345,978]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Type series of Metacrinus berthei from Les Angles (after Nicolas 1898 modified). The arrowhead indicates the break separating in two fragments the syntype 1 (A: fragment MRA 3.009.192; B: fragment UCBL-FSL 19099-1); C–D: isolated internodals, C: syntype 3 (MRA 3.009.194.1), D: syntype 4 (MRA 3.009.194.2); E: syntype 5 considered as lost, F: syntype 2 (UCBL-FSL 19099-2); ci: proximal fragments of cirri (3 to 4 cirrals) connected to the nodal, Nd: nodal. Scale bar equals 5 mm, except in C–D where it equals 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572099" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572099/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Fig. 8A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
), Ndx with marked curvature, no inter-articular pores, proximal end of complete Ndx with smooth, slightly convex infraN facet, N with 4 cirrals connected; internodal D reaching
|
||
<quantity id="E24A9B5EFFF2CC6DFCB80755FCEEFABD" box="[778,864,1323,1350]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
proximally and decreasing to
|
||
<quantity id="E24A9B5EFFF2CC6DFB000755FA89FABD" box="[1202,1287,1323,1350]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" unit="mm" value="6.2">6.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
at distal end; proximal Ndx with higher IN alternating with slightly lower IN of similar D; nodal H reaching a maximum of
|
||
<quantity id="E24A9B5EFFF2CC6DFACB0731FF48FA75" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; smaller differences in intermodal H in distal Ndx; smooth and slightly convex columnal side faces.
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA098819FFF2CC6DFA84070DFA13FA76" box="[1334,1437,1395,1421]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
2 and 5: incomplete curved Ndx (8 and 13 IN respectively) with distal N, similar in morphology to
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA098819FFF2CC6DFA9407E6FAF3FA49" box="[1318,1405,1432,1458]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
1, differences in H and D between IN more pronounced in
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA098819FFF2CC6DFCBA07C2FCD1FA2D" box="[776,863,1468,1494]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
2 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF2CC6DFC3107C5FC59FA2E" box="[899,983,1467,1493]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1001,1025]" captionTargetBox="[349,1234,355,963]" captionTargetId="figure-78@17.[340,1247,345,978]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Type series of Metacrinus berthei from Les Angles (after Nicolas 1898 modified). The arrowhead indicates the break separating in two fragments the syntype 1 (A: fragment MRA 3.009.192; B: fragment UCBL-FSL 19099-1); C–D: isolated internodals, C: syntype 3 (MRA 3.009.194.1), D: syntype 4 (MRA 3.009.194.2); E: syntype 5 considered as lost, F: syntype 2 (UCBL-FSL 19099-2); ci: proximal fragments of cirri (3 to 4 cirrals) connected to the nodal, Nd: nodal. Scale bar equals 5 mm, except in C–D where it equals 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572099" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572099/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA098819FFF2CC6DFC5907C5FBDCFA2E" box="[1003,1106,1467,1493]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
3 and 4 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF2CC6DFB0A07C5FABAFA2E" box="[1208,1332,1467,1493]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1001,1025]" captionTargetBox="[349,1234,355,963]" captionTargetId="figure-78@17.[340,1247,345,978]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Type series of Metacrinus berthei from Les Angles (after Nicolas 1898 modified). The arrowhead indicates the break separating in two fragments the syntype 1 (A: fragment MRA 3.009.192; B: fragment UCBL-FSL 19099-1); C–D: isolated internodals, C: syntype 3 (MRA 3.009.194.1), D: syntype 4 (MRA 3.009.194.2); E: syntype 5 considered as lost, F: syntype 2 (UCBL-FSL 19099-2); ci: proximal fragments of cirri (3 to 4 cirrals) connected to the nodal, Nd: nodal. Scale bar equals 5 mm, except in C–D where it equals 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572099" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572099/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Fig. 8C–D</figureCitation>
|
||
): IN with the same characters (D
|
||
<quantity id="E24A9B5EFFF2CC6DFE1507A1FD8FFA01" box="[423,513,1503,1530]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" unit="mm" value="6.1">6.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, H/D 0.26, maximum Cr/PZ 17),
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA098819FFF2CC6DFC35079EFC50FA01" box="[903,990,1504,1530]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
4 moderately star-shaped with PZ still slightly open (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF2CC6DFE8A047DFE1CF9E6" box="[312,402,1539,1565]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,181,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[166,1421,181,1786]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Columnals and pluricolumnals of Metacrinus berthei.A:from LesAngles, syntype 4, internodal(MRA 3.009.194.2); B–D: from Notre-Dame du Château, B–C: pluricolumnal, cotype of Pentacrinus miocenicus de Loriol, 1897, fig. 15 (MASRP 2020.5014); D: nodal, cirrus socket, distal facet below (MASRP 2020.5023a); E: from Le Barroux, pluricolumnal (MHNL 20.062715); F–K: from Picabrier (MHNL 20.062721), F: internodale; G: nodale, H–K: sharp-edged internodals with side faces convex in the center, I–J: proximal end of a noditaxis, I: distal symplexy, J: proximal cryptosymplexy of the infranodal, K: pluricolumnal, side view. Scale bar equals 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572101/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF2CC6DFF750459FC7EF971" blockId="17.[151,1437,1215,1997]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF2CC6DFF750459FDEDF9BA" bold="true" box="[199,611,1575,1601]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Other specimens from Les Angles.</emphasis>
|
||
Plc with at most 7 IN; 60% of symplexies with 16 Cr/PZ, only one case with 17, all PZ closed, internal crenularium poorly differentiated, cryptosymplexy preservation not allowing a detailed description. Quantitative characters including
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA098819FFF2CC6DFD4E040EFCA2F971" box="[764,812,1648,1674]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series in
|
||
<tableCitation id="68300300FFF2CC6DFC240411FC62F971" box="[918,1004,1647,1674]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="18.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="TABLE 7. Variation of main quantitative columnal characters in Metacrinus from type localities of Pentacrinus berthei Nicolas, 1897 and P. miocenicus de Loriol, 1897. LA: Les Angles, NDC: Notre-Dame du Château. Values in mm, except for ratios." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/71CD6633FFF1CC6EFF2502E9FE8EFF0C" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" tableUuid="71CD6633FFF1CC6EFF2502E9FE8EFF0C">Table 7</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF2CC6DFF7504EDFEC3F836" blockId="17.[151,1437,1215,1997]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF2CC6DFF7504EDFD5CF956" bold="true" box="[199,722,1682,1709]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Specimens from Notre-Dame du Château.</emphasis>
|
||
Quantitative characters including 2 Plc from
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA098819FFF2CC6DFB4904EAFAA5F955" box="[1275,1323,1684,1710]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF2CC6DFF2504C6FE2BF92A" authorityName="de Loriol" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,421,1720,1745]" class="Crinoidea" family="Pentacrinitidae" genus="Pentacrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="miocenicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF2CC6DFF2504C6FE2BF92A" box="[151,421,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Pentacrinus miocenicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41234B4AFFF2CC6DFE6904C9FDEBF92A" author="Loriol, P. de" box="[475,613,1719,1745]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" pagination="115 - 129" refId="ref19232" refString="Loriol, P. de (1897) Description de quelques Echinodermes. Appendice la note de M. E. Pellat sur le Burdigalien superieur. Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France, Series 3, 25, 115 - 129." type="journal article" year="1897">Loriol 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs. 15–16) given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="68300300FFF2CC6DFCDB04C9FC4EF929" box="[873,960,1719,1746]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="18.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="TABLE 7. Variation of main quantitative columnal characters in Metacrinus from type localities of Pentacrinus berthei Nicolas, 1897 and P. miocenicus de Loriol, 1897. LA: Les Angles, NDC: Notre-Dame du Château. Values in mm, except for ratios." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/71CD6633FFF1CC6EFF2502E9FE8EFF0C" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" tableUuid="71CD6633FFF1CC6EFF2502E9FE8EFF0C">Table 7</tableCitation>
|
||
; most Co pentagonal; Plc with maximum of 14 successive IN, ~50% with inter-articular pores more or less marked; most proximal Plc (de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41234B4AFFF2CC6DFB5004A5FAE5F90E" author="Loriol, P. de" box="[1250,1387,1755,1781]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" pagination="115 - 129" refId="ref19232" refString="Loriol, P. de (1897) Description de quelques Echinodermes. Appendice la note de M. E. Pellat sur le Burdigalien superieur. Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France, Series 3, 25, 115 - 129." type="journal article" year="1897">Loriol 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 16) with columnal H markedly unequal, inter-articular pores widely open, IN star-shaped and a single N without cryptosymplexy despite cirrus sockets being well-developed; another proximal Plc (de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41234B4AFFF2CC6DFBC0055DFB75F8C6" author="Loriol, P. de" box="[1138,1275,1827,1853]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" pagination="115 - 129" refId="ref19232" refString="Loriol, P. de (1897) Description de quelques Echinodermes. Appendice la note de M. E. Pellat sur le Burdigalien superieur. Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France, Series 3, 25, 115 - 129." type="journal article" year="1897">Loriol 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 15) more distal with IN becoming subpentagonal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF2CC6DFDEF0539FD58F89A" box="[605,726,1863,1889]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,181,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[166,1421,181,1786]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Columnals and pluricolumnals of Metacrinus berthei.A:from LesAngles, syntype 4, internodal(MRA 3.009.194.2); B–D: from Notre-Dame du Château, B–C: pluricolumnal, cotype of Pentacrinus miocenicus de Loriol, 1897, fig. 15 (MASRP 2020.5014); D: nodal, cirrus socket, distal facet below (MASRP 2020.5023a); E: from Le Barroux, pluricolumnal (MHNL 20.062715); F–K: from Picabrier (MHNL 20.062721), F: internodale; G: nodale, H–K: sharp-edged internodals with side faces convex in the center, I–J: proximal end of a noditaxis, I: distal symplexy, J: proximal cryptosymplexy of the infranodal, K: pluricolumnal, side view. Scale bar equals 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572101/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Fig. 9B–C</figureCitation>
|
||
); oval cirrus sockets 1.7 times wider than high and tangential to N facet borders (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF2CC6DFEE50515FE3CF87E" box="[343,434,1899,1925]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,181,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[166,1421,181,1786]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Columnals and pluricolumnals of Metacrinus berthei.A:from LesAngles, syntype 4, internodal(MRA 3.009.194.2); B–D: from Notre-Dame du Château, B–C: pluricolumnal, cotype of Pentacrinus miocenicus de Loriol, 1897, fig. 15 (MASRP 2020.5014); D: nodal, cirrus socket, distal facet below (MASRP 2020.5023a); E: from Le Barroux, pluricolumnal (MHNL 20.062715); F–K: from Picabrier (MHNL 20.062721), F: internodale; G: nodale, H–K: sharp-edged internodals with side faces convex in the center, I–J: proximal end of a noditaxis, I: distal symplexy, J: proximal cryptosymplexy of the infranodal, K: pluricolumnal, side view. Scale bar equals 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572101/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
|
||
); all Co with smooth sides. Symplexies most often (62%) with 15–16 Cr/PZ, PZ closed, inner crenularium poorly differentiated. Distal N facet (cryptosymplexy) smooth, slightly concave with 7–8 small marginal Cr/PZ.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="71CD6633FFF1CC6EFF2502E9FE8EFF0C" ID-Table-UUID="71CD6633FFF1CC6EFF2502E9FE8EFF0C" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/71CD6633FFF1CC6EFF2502E9FE8EFF0C" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" startId="18.[151,239,151,175]" targetBox="[166,1392,264,650]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF1CC6EFF2502E9FE8EFF0C" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,247]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF1CC6EFF2502E9FE84FF4B" bold="true" box="[151,266,151,176]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">TABLE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Variation of main quantitative columnal characters in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF1CC6EFCE102E6FC42FF54" authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1882" box="[851,972,152,175]" class="Crinoidea" family="Pentacrinitidae" genus="Metacrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF1CC6EFCE102E6FC42FF54" box="[851,972,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Metacrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from type localities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF1CC6EFB7B02E6FEA5FF2F" authority="Nicolas, 1897" authorityName="Nicolas" authorityYear="1897" class="Crinoidea" family="Pentacrinitidae" genus="Pentacrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="berthei">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF1CC6EFB7B02E6FA13FF54" box="[1225,1437,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Pentacrinus berthei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41234B4AFFF1CC6EFF2502C5FEA5FF2F" author="Nicolas, H." box="[151,299,187,212]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" pagination="60 - 152" refId="ref19738" refString="Nicolas, H. (1897) Etude sur les terrains tertiaires des environs d'Avignon. Le Miocene. Memoires de l'Academie du Vaucluse, Avignon, 16, 60 - 152." type="journal article" year="1897">Nicolas, 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF1CC6EFEED02C2FD2EFF2F" authority="de Loriol, 1897" authorityName="de Loriol" authorityYear="1897" box="[351,672,187,212]" class="Crinoidea" family="Pentacrinitidae" genus="Pentacrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="miocenicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF1CC6EFEED02C2FE7FFF28" box="[351,497,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">P. miocenicus</emphasis>
|
||
de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41234B4AFFF1CC6EFDA502C5FD2EFF2F" author="Loriol, P. de" box="[535,672,187,212]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" pagination="115 - 129" refId="ref19232" refString="Loriol, P. de (1897) Description de quelques Echinodermes. Appendice la note de M. E. Pellat sur le Burdigalien superieur. Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France, Series 3, 25, 115 - 129." type="journal article" year="1897">Loriol, 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. LA: Les Angles, NDC: Notre-Dame du Château. Values in mm, except for ratios.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF1CC6EFF140376FAECFD71" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<table id="57B2C41BFFF13383FF140376FAFEFD71" box="[166,1392,264,650]" gridcols="10" gridrows="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<tr id="9B8234F9FFF13383FF140376FAFEFEDB" box="[166,1392,264,288]" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<th id="D8535D85FFF13383FF140376FEE7FEDB" box="[166,361,264,288]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Characters</th>
|
||
<th id="D8535D85FFF13383FE550376FD1EFEDB" box="[487,656,264,288]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Diameter (D)</th>
|
||
<th id="D8535D85FFF13383FD610376FCF9FEDB" box="[723,887,264,288]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Height (H)</th>
|
||
<th id="D8535D85FFF13383FC080376FBEDFEDB" box="[954,1123,264,288]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">H/D</th>
|
||
<th id="D8535D85FFF13383FB0D0376FAFEFEDB" box="[1215,1392,264,288]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Cr/PZ</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="9B8234F9FFF13383FF14034EFAFEFEB3" box="[166,1392,304,328]" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<th id="D8535D85FFF13383FF14034EFEE7FEB3" box="[166,361,304,328]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Sites</th>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FE55034EFD9DFEB3" box="[487,531,304,328]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">LA</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FDE9034EFD1EFEB3" box="[603,656,304,328]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">NDC</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FD61034EFD71FEB3" box="[723,767,304,328]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">LA</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FCF0034EFCF9FEB3" box="[834,887,304,328]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">NDC</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FC08034EFC68FEB3" box="[954,998,304,328]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">LA</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FB9C034EFBEDFEB3" box="[1070,1123,304,328]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">NDC</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FB0D034EFB6FFEB3" box="[1215,1249,304,328]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">LA</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FA89034EFAFEFEB3" box="[1339,1392,304,328]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">NDC</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="9B8234F9FFF13383FF140326FAFEFE8B" box="[166,1392,344,368]" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<th id="D8535D85FFF13383FF140326FF4FFE8B" box="[166,193,344,368]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">IN</th>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FF5F0326FEE7FE8B" box="[237,361,344,368]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Measures</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FE550326FD9DFE8B" box="[487,531,344,368]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">32</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FDE90326FD1EFE8B" box="[603,656,344,368]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">40</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FD610326FD71FE8B" box="[723,767,344,368]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">31</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FCF00326FCF9FE8B" box="[834,887,344,368]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">21</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FC080326FC68FE8B" box="[954,998,344,368]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">32</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FB9C0326FBEDFE8B" box="[1070,1123,344,368]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">21</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FB0D0326FB6FFE8B" box="[1215,1249,344,368]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">10</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FA890326FAFEFE8B" box="[1339,1392,344,368]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">12</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="9B8234F9FFF13383FF1403FEFAFEFE62" box="[166,1392,384,409]" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FF5F03FEFEE7FE62" box="[237,361,384,409]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Mean/Mode</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FE5503FEFD9DFE62" box="[487,531,384,409]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">5.70</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FDE903FEFD1EFE62" box="[603,656,384,409]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">5.84</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FD6103FEFD71FE62" box="[723,767,384,409]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">1.28</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FCF003FEFCF9FE62" box="[834,887,384,409]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">1.11</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FC0803FEFC68FE62" box="[954,998,384,409]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">0.23</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FB9C03FEFBEDFE62" box="[1070,1123,384,409]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">0.19</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FB0D03FEFB6FFE62" box="[1215,1249,384,409]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">16</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FA8903FEFAFEFE62" box="[1339,1392,384,409]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="9B8234F9FFF13383FF1403D7FAFEFE3A" box="[166,1392,425,449]" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FF5F03D7FEE7FE3A" box="[237,361,425,449]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Minimum</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FE5503D7FD9DFE3A" box="[487,531,425,449]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">3.80</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FDE903D7FD1EFE3A" box="[603,656,425,449]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">4.81</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FD6103D7FD71FE3A" box="[723,767,425,449]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">0.66</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FCF003D7FCF9FE3A" box="[834,887,425,449]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">0.84</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FC0803D7FC68FE3A" box="[954,998,425,449]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">0.16</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FB9C03D7FBEDFE3A" box="[1070,1123,425,449]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">0.14</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FB0D03D7FB6FFE3A" box="[1215,1249,425,449]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">12</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FA8903D7FAFEFE3A" box="[1339,1392,425,449]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">12</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="9B8234F9FFF13383FF1403AFFAFEFE12" box="[166,1392,465,489]" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FF5F03AFFEE7FE12" box="[237,361,465,489]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Maximum</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FE5503AFFD9DFE12" box="[487,531,465,489]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">6.96</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FDE903AFFD1EFE12" box="[603,656,465,489]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">6.70</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FD6103AFFD71FE12" box="[723,767,465,489]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">1.74</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FCF003AFFCF9FE12" box="[834,887,465,489]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">1.91</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FC0803AFFC68FE12" box="[954,998,465,489]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">0.33</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FB9C03AFFBEDFE12" box="[1070,1123,465,489]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">0.29</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FB0D03AFFB6FFE12" box="[1215,1249,465,489]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">17</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FA8903AFFAFEFE12" box="[1339,1392,465,489]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="9B8234F9FFF13383FF140387FAFEFDEA" box="[166,1392,505,529]" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<th id="D8535D85FFF13383FF140387FF4FFDEA" box="[166,193,505,529]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">N</th>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FF5F0387FEE7FDEA" box="[237,361,505,529]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Measures</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FE550387FD9DFDEA" box="[487,531,505,529]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">3</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FDE90387FD1EFDEA" box="[603,656,505,529]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">6</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FD610387FD71FDEA" box="[723,767,505,529]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">3</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FCF00387FCF9FDEA" box="[834,887,505,529]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">5</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FC080387FC68FDEA" box="[954,998,505,529]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">3</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FB9C0387FBEDFDEA" box="[1070,1123,505,529]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">5</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FB0D0387FB6FFDEA" box="[1215,1249,505,529]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">-</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FA890387FAFEFDEA" box="[1339,1392,505,529]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="9B8234F9FFF13383FF14005FFAFEFDC1" box="[166,1392,545,570]" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FF5F005FFEE7FDC1" box="[237,361,545,570]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Mean/Mode</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FE55005FFD9DFDC1" box="[487,531,545,570]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">5.30</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FDE9005FFD1EFDC1" box="[603,656,545,570]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">6.14</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FD61005FFD71FDC1" box="[723,767,545,570]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">1.86</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FCF0005FFCF9FDC1" box="[834,887,545,570]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">1.92</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FC08005FFC68FDC1" box="[954,998,545,570]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">0.35</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FB9C005FFBEDFDC1" box="[1070,1123,545,570]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">0.32</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FB0D005FFB6FFDC1" box="[1215,1249,545,570]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">-</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FA89005FFAFEFDC1" box="[1339,1392,545,570]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="9B8234F9FFF13383FF140034FAFEFD99" box="[166,1392,586,610]" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FF5F0034FEE7FD99" box="[237,361,586,610]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Minimum</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FE550034FD9DFD99" box="[487,531,586,610]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">3.80</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FDE90034FD1EFD99" box="[603,656,586,610]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">5.13</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FD610034FD71FD99" box="[723,767,586,610]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">1.15</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FCF00034FCF9FD99" box="[834,887,586,610]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">1.88</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FC080034FC68FD99" box="[954,998,586,610]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">0.30</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FB9C0034FBEDFD99" box="[1070,1123,586,610]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">0.28</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FB0D0034FB6FFD99" box="[1215,1249,586,610]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">-</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FA890034FAFEFD99" box="[1339,1392,586,610]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="9B8234F9FFF13383FF14000CFAFEFD71" box="[166,1392,626,650]" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FF5F000CFEE7FD71" box="[237,361,626,650]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Maximum</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FE55000CFD9DFD71" box="[487,531,626,650]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">6.25</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FDE9000CFD1EFD71" box="[603,656,626,650]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">6.71</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FD61000CFD71FD71" box="[723,767,626,650]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">2.23</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FCF0000CFCF9FD71" box="[834,887,626,650]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">1.97</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FC08000CFC68FD71" box="[954,998,626,650]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">0.38</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FB9C000CFBEDFD71" box="[1070,1123,626,650]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">0.38</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FB0D000CFB6FFD71" box="[1215,1249,626,650]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">-</td>
|
||
<td id="D8535D85FFF13383FA89000CFAFEFD71" box="[1339,1392,626,650]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF1CC6EFF7500CCFC64FA1E" blockId="18.[151,1437,690,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF1CC6EFF7500CCFE7BFD36" bold="true" box="[199,501,690,717]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Specimens from Avignon.</emphasis>
|
||
Exceptional variety of Br
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA098819FFF1CC6EFCAE00CDFCD9FD36" box="[796,855,691,717]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">types</typeStatus>
|
||
preserved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFC6B00CDFBA2FD36" box="[985,1068,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1823,1847]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Brachials of Metacrinus berthei from the Palais des Papes in Avignon (MHNL 20.062717). A–C: IBr1, A–B: distal facet, A: close up of marginal symplexial crenumarium, C: proximal muscular facet; D–E: IBr2, D: oblique distal view showing large pinnule socket (p), E: oblique proximal view showing synostosial facet; F: proximal IIIBr, distal muscular facet; G: IBr4, distal facet with growth lines marked by syzygial stereom; H: IBrax; I: free proximal IIBr, proximal facet; J: IBr5, proximal facet; K: free IBr3, distal facet; L: free IIIBr. Scale bar equals 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572105/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
); 9 IBr identified with maximum D
|
||
<quantity id="E24A9B5EFFF1CC6EFF0A00A9FEAFFD0A" box="[184,289,727,754]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.17" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" unit="mm" value="5.17">5.17 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean
|
||
<quantity id="E24A9B5EFFF1CC6EFECD00A9FE50FD0A" box="[383,478,727,753]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
), muscular synarthries with moderately developed muscle areas and fulcral ridge perpendicular to dorso-ventral axis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFD9F0085FD3BFCEE" box="[557,693,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1823,1847]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Brachials of Metacrinus berthei from the Palais des Papes in Avignon (MHNL 20.062717). A–C: IBr1, A–B: distal facet, A: close up of marginal symplexial crenumarium, C: proximal muscular facet; D–E: IBr2, D: oblique distal view showing large pinnule socket (p), E: oblique proximal view showing synostosial facet; F: proximal IIIBr, distal muscular facet; G: IBr4, distal facet with growth lines marked by syzygial stereom; H: IBrax; I: free proximal IIBr, proximal facet; J: IBr5, proximal facet; K: free IBr3, distal facet; L: free IIIBr. Scale bar equals 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572105/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 10C–D</figureCitation>
|
||
), IBr1+2 synostosis with narrow marginal symplexial crenularium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFF120161FEA9FCC2" box="[160,295,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1823,1847]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Brachials of Metacrinus berthei from the Palais des Papes in Avignon (MHNL 20.062717). A–C: IBr1, A–B: distal facet, A: close up of marginal symplexial crenumarium, C: proximal muscular facet; D–E: IBr2, D: oblique distal view showing large pinnule socket (p), E: oblique proximal view showing synostosial facet; F: proximal IIIBr, distal muscular facet; G: IBr4, distal facet with growth lines marked by syzygial stereom; H: IBrax; I: free proximal IIBr, proximal facet; J: IBr5, proximal facet; K: free IBr3, distal facet; L: free IIIBr. Scale bar equals 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572105/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 10A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
), IBr2 with proximal synostosial facet slightly convex and bearing a large pinnule socket (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFABB0161FA1EFCC2" box="[1289,1424,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1823,1847]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Brachials of Metacrinus berthei from the Palais des Papes in Avignon (MHNL 20.062717). A–C: IBr1, A–B: distal facet, A: close up of marginal symplexial crenumarium, C: proximal muscular facet; D–E: IBr2, D: oblique distal view showing large pinnule socket (p), E: oblique proximal view showing synostosial facet; F: proximal IIIBr, distal muscular facet; G: IBr4, distal facet with growth lines marked by syzygial stereom; H: IBrax; I: free proximal IIBr, proximal facet; J: IBr5, proximal facet; K: free IBr3, distal facet; L: free IIIBr. Scale bar equals 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572105/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 10D–E</figureCitation>
|
||
), IBr4+5 synostosis with aboral growth lines underlined by a thicker stereom (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFBB3013DFB0DFCA6" box="[1025,1155,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1823,1847]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Brachials of Metacrinus berthei from the Palais des Papes in Avignon (MHNL 20.062717). A–C: IBr1, A–B: distal facet, A: close up of marginal symplexial crenumarium, C: proximal muscular facet; D–E: IBr2, D: oblique distal view showing large pinnule socket (p), E: oblique proximal view showing synostosial facet; F: proximal IIIBr, distal muscular facet; G: IBr4, distal facet with growth lines marked by syzygial stereom; H: IBrax; I: free proximal IIBr, proximal facet; J: IBr5, proximal facet; K: free IBr3, distal facet; L: free IIIBr. Scale bar equals 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572105/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 10G, J</figureCitation>
|
||
); all Brax with proximal muscular synarthry, fulcral ridges of distal synarthries forming acute angle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFC5A0119FBDEFC7A" box="[1000,1104,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1823,1847]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Brachials of Metacrinus berthei from the Palais des Papes in Avignon (MHNL 20.062717). A–C: IBr1, A–B: distal facet, A: close up of marginal symplexial crenumarium, C: proximal muscular facet; D–E: IBr2, D: oblique distal view showing large pinnule socket (p), E: oblique proximal view showing synostosial facet; F: proximal IIIBr, distal muscular facet; G: IBr4, distal facet with growth lines marked by syzygial stereom; H: IBrax; I: free proximal IIBr, proximal facet; J: IBr5, proximal facet; K: free IBr3, distal facet; L: free IIIBr. Scale bar equals 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572105/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 10H</figureCitation>
|
||
), IBrax with 0.65<H/D<0.87; free IIBr or IIIBr most abundant with oblique fulcral ridge, muscle areas remaining small only in the most proximal IIBr (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFF6401D1FEBFFC32" box="[214,305,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1823,1847]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Brachials of Metacrinus berthei from the Palais des Papes in Avignon (MHNL 20.062717). A–C: IBr1, A–B: distal facet, A: close up of marginal symplexial crenumarium, C: proximal muscular facet; D–E: IBr2, D: oblique distal view showing large pinnule socket (p), E: oblique proximal view showing synostosial facet; F: proximal IIIBr, distal muscular facet; G: IBr4, distal facet with growth lines marked by syzygial stereom; H: IBrax; I: free proximal IIBr, proximal facet; J: IBr5, proximal facet; K: free IBr3, distal facet; L: free IIIBr. Scale bar equals 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572105/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 10I</figureCitation>
|
||
) and lengthening distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFDED01D1FD69FC32" box="[607,743,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1823,1847]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Brachials of Metacrinus berthei from the Palais des Papes in Avignon (MHNL 20.062717). A–C: IBr1, A–B: distal facet, A: close up of marginal symplexial crenumarium, C: proximal muscular facet; D–E: IBr2, D: oblique distal view showing large pinnule socket (p), E: oblique proximal view showing synostosial facet; F: proximal IIIBr, distal muscular facet; G: IBr4, distal facet with growth lines marked by syzygial stereom; H: IBrax; I: free proximal IIBr, proximal facet; J: IBr5, proximal facet; K: free IBr3, distal facet; L: free IIIBr. Scale bar equals 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572105/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 10K–L</figureCitation>
|
||
), pinnule socket on IBr and IIBr remaining large and limiting width of adjacent muscle area on distal Br facet (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFD0C01ADFCADFC16" box="[702,803,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1823,1847]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Brachials of Metacrinus berthei from the Palais des Papes in Avignon (MHNL 20.062717). A–C: IBr1, A–B: distal facet, A: close up of marginal symplexial crenumarium, C: proximal muscular facet; D–E: IBr2, D: oblique distal view showing large pinnule socket (p), E: oblique proximal view showing synostosial facet; F: proximal IIIBr, distal muscular facet; G: IBr4, distal facet with growth lines marked by syzygial stereom; H: IBrax; I: free proximal IIBr, proximal facet; J: IBr5, proximal facet; K: free IBr3, distal facet; L: free IIIBr. Scale bar equals 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572105/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 10K</figureCitation>
|
||
), distal IIBr or IIIBr with D<
|
||
<quantity id="E24A9B5EFFF1CC6EFBDD01ADFB4BFC16" box="[1135,1221,979,1006]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
very asymmetrical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFF120189FE89FBEA" box="[160,263,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1823,1847]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Brachials of Metacrinus berthei from the Palais des Papes in Avignon (MHNL 20.062717). A–C: IBr1, A–B: distal facet, A: close up of marginal symplexial crenumarium, C: proximal muscular facet; D–E: IBr2, D: oblique distal view showing large pinnule socket (p), E: oblique proximal view showing synostosial facet; F: proximal IIIBr, distal muscular facet; G: IBr4, distal facet with growth lines marked by syzygial stereom; H: IBrax; I: free proximal IIBr, proximal facet; J: IBr5, proximal facet; K: free IBr3, distal facet; L: free IIIBr. Scale bar equals 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572105/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 10L</figureCitation>
|
||
) allowing great flexibility of arm movements. External columnal morphology variable (quantitative characters given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="68300300FFF1CC6EFEC70665FE42FBCE" box="[373,460,1051,1077]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,239,1094,1118]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 6. Variation of main columnal quantitative characters in morphotype C from Avignon and Beaucaire. Morphotype C is attributed to Metacrinus berthei (See Systematic revision). Av: Avignon, Beau: Beaucaire. Values in mm, except for ratios." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/71CD6633FFEACC75FF250638FF54FB5D" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" tableUuid="71CD6633FFEACC75FF250638FF54FB5D">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFE6B0665FDA5FBCE" box="[473,555,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Columnals and pluricolumnals of Metacrinus berthei from the Palais des Papes in Avignon (MHNL 20.062719). A–B: pluricolumnal from the distal stalk of a young individual, A: oblique view, B: side view; C: distal end of a noditaxis from distal stalk, oblique distal view showing the flat, slightly concave cryptosymplexial facet; D–E: distal nodal from a young individual, D: oblique proximal view, E: proximal symplexial facet; F: pentagonal internodal; G: nodal, proximal symplexial facet, close up of center showing inner crenularium with interpetaloid grooves; H: subcircular internodal; I–J: nodal, I: proximal symplexial facet, J: concave cryptosymplexial facet, oblique distal view; K–L: infranodal, convexe distal cryptosymplexial facet, L: close up of lumen filled in by secondary stereom. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except in L where it equals 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572109/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
); symplexies most often (62%) with 13–14 Cr/PZ; differences in columnal H remaining small in distal Plc from young individuals but increasing during individual growth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFB710641FAC3FBA2" box="[1219,1357,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Columnals and pluricolumnals of Metacrinus berthei from the Palais des Papes in Avignon (MHNL 20.062719). A–B: pluricolumnal from the distal stalk of a young individual, A: oblique view, B: side view; C: distal end of a noditaxis from distal stalk, oblique distal view showing the flat, slightly concave cryptosymplexial facet; D–E: distal nodal from a young individual, D: oblique proximal view, E: proximal symplexial facet; F: pentagonal internodal; G: nodal, proximal symplexial facet, close up of center showing inner crenularium with interpetaloid grooves; H: subcircular internodal; I–J: nodal, I: proximal symplexial facet, J: concave cryptosymplexial facet, oblique distal view; K–L: infranodal, convexe distal cryptosymplexial facet, L: close up of lumen filled in by secondary stereom. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except in L where it equals 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572109/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 11A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
); some small Plc with more or less marked bulges on the lateral faces (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFCCE061DFB8AFB86" box="[892,1028,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Columnals and pluricolumnals of Metacrinus berthei from the Palais des Papes in Avignon (MHNL 20.062719). A–B: pluricolumnal from the distal stalk of a young individual, A: oblique view, B: side view; C: distal end of a noditaxis from distal stalk, oblique distal view showing the flat, slightly concave cryptosymplexial facet; D–E: distal nodal from a young individual, D: oblique proximal view, E: proximal symplexial facet; F: pentagonal internodal; G: nodal, proximal symplexial facet, close up of center showing inner crenularium with interpetaloid grooves; H: subcircular internodal; I–J: nodal, I: proximal symplexial facet, J: concave cryptosymplexial facet, oblique distal view; K–L: infranodal, convexe distal cryptosymplexial facet, L: close up of lumen filled in by secondary stereom. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except in L where it equals 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572109/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 11A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
) becoming less frequent or smooth with growth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFE8106F9FE18FB5A" box="[307,406,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Columnals and pluricolumnals of Metacrinus berthei from the Palais des Papes in Avignon (MHNL 20.062719). A–B: pluricolumnal from the distal stalk of a young individual, A: oblique view, B: side view; C: distal end of a noditaxis from distal stalk, oblique distal view showing the flat, slightly concave cryptosymplexial facet; D–E: distal nodal from a young individual, D: oblique proximal view, E: proximal symplexial facet; F: pentagonal internodal; G: nodal, proximal symplexial facet, close up of center showing inner crenularium with interpetaloid grooves; H: subcircular internodal; I–J: nodal, I: proximal symplexial facet, J: concave cryptosymplexial facet, oblique distal view; K–L: infranodal, convexe distal cryptosymplexial facet, L: close up of lumen filled in by secondary stereom. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except in L where it equals 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572109/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 11F</figureCitation>
|
||
), either widening and making IN subcircular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFC1B06F9FB81FB5A" box="[937,1039,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Columnals and pluricolumnals of Metacrinus berthei from the Palais des Papes in Avignon (MHNL 20.062719). A–B: pluricolumnal from the distal stalk of a young individual, A: oblique view, B: side view; C: distal end of a noditaxis from distal stalk, oblique distal view showing the flat, slightly concave cryptosymplexial facet; D–E: distal nodal from a young individual, D: oblique proximal view, E: proximal symplexial facet; F: pentagonal internodal; G: nodal, proximal symplexial facet, close up of center showing inner crenularium with interpetaloid grooves; H: subcircular internodal; I–J: nodal, I: proximal symplexial facet, J: concave cryptosymplexial facet, oblique distal view; K–L: infranodal, convexe distal cryptosymplexial facet, L: close up of lumen filled in by secondary stereom. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except in L where it equals 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572109/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 11H</figureCitation>
|
||
) or splitting into granules forming a discrete ornamentation; juvenile Co with H/D>0.5 having subcircular section and symplexies of open PZ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFADD06D5FF46FB12" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@23.[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. Isocrinid and rhizocrinid columnals. A–K: from Palais des Papes in Avignon; A–C: Metacrinus berthei (MHNL 20.062719), A–B: symplexies with anomalous 4-symmetry, C: distal internodal from a young individual; D–F: Papacrinus avignonensis n. gen., n. sp. (MHNL 20.062726), D: oblique distal view, E–F: oblique proximal view, F: close up of cirrus socket; G–K: Paraconocrinus rhodanicus n. sp. (MHNL 20.062727), G–H: columnal from dististele, G: proximal view, H: close up of fulcral ridge, oblique view, I: columnal from middle mesistele, J: columnal from proximal dististele, proximal view, K: columnal from proximal dististele, side distal view; L: Gastecrinus viticolis n. gen., n. sp. from Vigne Gaste (Istres), aboral cup (MHNL 20.062729). Scale bar equals 1 mm in A–F and L, 0.5 mm in G and I–K, 0.1 mm in H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572111/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
|
||
), N with ligament areas wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFD9806B1FD01FB12" box="[554,655,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Columnals and pluricolumnals of Metacrinus berthei from the Palais des Papes in Avignon (MHNL 20.062719). A–B: pluricolumnal from the distal stalk of a young individual, A: oblique view, B: side view; C: distal end of a noditaxis from distal stalk, oblique distal view showing the flat, slightly concave cryptosymplexial facet; D–E: distal nodal from a young individual, D: oblique proximal view, E: proximal symplexial facet; F: pentagonal internodal; G: nodal, proximal symplexial facet, close up of center showing inner crenularium with interpetaloid grooves; H: subcircular internodal; I–J: nodal, I: proximal symplexial facet, J: concave cryptosymplexial facet, oblique distal view; K–L: infranodal, convexe distal cryptosymplexial facet, L: close up of lumen filled in by secondary stereom. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except in L where it equals 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572109/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
|
||
), cirrus sockets subcircular and occupying only 2/3 of nodal H (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFADD06B1FF47FAF6" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Columnals and pluricolumnals of Metacrinus berthei from the Palais des Papes in Avignon (MHNL 20.062719). A–B: pluricolumnal from the distal stalk of a young individual, A: oblique view, B: side view; C: distal end of a noditaxis from distal stalk, oblique distal view showing the flat, slightly concave cryptosymplexial facet; D–E: distal nodal from a young individual, D: oblique proximal view, E: proximal symplexial facet; F: pentagonal internodal; G: nodal, proximal symplexial facet, close up of center showing inner crenularium with interpetaloid grooves; H: subcircular internodal; I–J: nodal, I: proximal symplexial facet, J: concave cryptosymplexial facet, oblique distal view; K–L: infranodal, convexe distal cryptosymplexial facet, L: close up of lumen filled in by secondary stereom. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except in L where it equals 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572109/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
|
||
); cirrus sockets becoming more oval with growth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFCB0068DFCEBFAF6" box="[770,869,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Columnals and pluricolumnals of Metacrinus berthei from the Palais des Papes in Avignon (MHNL 20.062719). A–B: pluricolumnal from the distal stalk of a young individual, A: oblique view, B: side view; C: distal end of a noditaxis from distal stalk, oblique distal view showing the flat, slightly concave cryptosymplexial facet; D–E: distal nodal from a young individual, D: oblique proximal view, E: proximal symplexial facet; F: pentagonal internodal; G: nodal, proximal symplexial facet, close up of center showing inner crenularium with interpetaloid grooves; H: subcircular internodal; I–J: nodal, I: proximal symplexial facet, J: concave cryptosymplexial facet, oblique distal view; K–L: infranodal, convexe distal cryptosymplexial facet, L: close up of lumen filled in by secondary stereom. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except in L where it equals 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572109/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
|
||
) and tangential to nodal facet borders (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFAA9068DFAF4FAF6" box="[1307,1402,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="25.[151,250,788,812]" captionTargetBox="[185,1400,186,756]" captionTargetId="figure-17@25.[177,1408,181,764]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 13. Variations in columnal general shape of Paraconocrinus rhodanicus n. sp. from the Palais des Papes in Avignon. See Fig. 2G–H for abbreviations. Values in mm, except for ratios." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572113" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572113/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 13J</figureCitation>
|
||
); 1 N abnormal with only a single cirrus socket; ~50% of symplexial facets having IPZ with narrow and well-marked grooves extended to inner crenularium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFDEA0745FD30FAAE" box="[600,702,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Columnals and pluricolumnals of Metacrinus berthei from the Palais des Papes in Avignon (MHNL 20.062719). A–B: pluricolumnal from the distal stalk of a young individual, A: oblique view, B: side view; C: distal end of a noditaxis from distal stalk, oblique distal view showing the flat, slightly concave cryptosymplexial facet; D–E: distal nodal from a young individual, D: oblique proximal view, E: proximal symplexial facet; F: pentagonal internodal; G: nodal, proximal symplexial facet, close up of center showing inner crenularium with interpetaloid grooves; H: subcircular internodal; I–J: nodal, I: proximal symplexial facet, J: concave cryptosymplexial facet, oblique distal view; K–L: infranodal, convexe distal cryptosymplexial facet, L: close up of lumen filled in by secondary stereom. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except in L where it equals 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572109/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 11G</figureCitation>
|
||
); cryptosymplexies often well preserved, distal N facet (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFA8B0745FA1DFAAE" box="[1337,1427,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Columnals and pluricolumnals of Metacrinus berthei from the Palais des Papes in Avignon (MHNL 20.062719). A–B: pluricolumnal from the distal stalk of a young individual, A: oblique view, B: side view; C: distal end of a noditaxis from distal stalk, oblique distal view showing the flat, slightly concave cryptosymplexial facet; D–E: distal nodal from a young individual, D: oblique proximal view, E: proximal symplexial facet; F: pentagonal internodal; G: nodal, proximal symplexial facet, close up of center showing inner crenularium with interpetaloid grooves; H: subcircular internodal; I–J: nodal, I: proximal symplexial facet, J: concave cryptosymplexial facet, oblique distal view; K–L: infranodal, convexe distal cryptosymplexial facet, L: close up of lumen filled in by secondary stereom. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except in L where it equals 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572109/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 11J</figureCitation>
|
||
) moderately concave with a more or less developed marginal crenularium, proximal infraN facet (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFB650721FAB5FA82" box="[1239,1339,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Columnals and pluricolumnals of Metacrinus berthei from the Palais des Papes in Avignon (MHNL 20.062719). A–B: pluricolumnal from the distal stalk of a young individual, A: oblique view, B: side view; C: distal end of a noditaxis from distal stalk, oblique distal view showing the flat, slightly concave cryptosymplexial facet; D–E: distal nodal from a young individual, D: oblique proximal view, E: proximal symplexial facet; F: pentagonal internodal; G: nodal, proximal symplexial facet, close up of center showing inner crenularium with interpetaloid grooves; H: subcircular internodal; I–J: nodal, I: proximal symplexial facet, J: concave cryptosymplexial facet, oblique distal view; K–L: infranodal, convexe distal cryptosymplexial facet, L: close up of lumen filled in by secondary stereom. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except in L where it equals 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572109/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 11K</figureCitation>
|
||
) convex with more attenuated marginal crenularium and IPZ without axial groove, axial canal filled by dense secondary stereom with a 5-lobed secondary lumen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFD3307D9FD66FA3A" box="[641,744,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Columnals and pluricolumnals of Metacrinus berthei from the Palais des Papes in Avignon (MHNL 20.062719). A–B: pluricolumnal from the distal stalk of a young individual, A: oblique view, B: side view; C: distal end of a noditaxis from distal stalk, oblique distal view showing the flat, slightly concave cryptosymplexial facet; D–E: distal nodal from a young individual, D: oblique proximal view, E: proximal symplexial facet; F: pentagonal internodal; G: nodal, proximal symplexial facet, close up of center showing inner crenularium with interpetaloid grooves; H: subcircular internodal; I–J: nodal, I: proximal symplexial facet, J: concave cryptosymplexial facet, oblique distal view; K–L: infranodal, convexe distal cryptosymplexial facet, L: close up of lumen filled in by secondary stereom. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except in L where it equals 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572109/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 11L</figureCitation>
|
||
); two Plc having symplexies with four PZ, one of irregular subcircular section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFECB07B5FE6FFA1E" box="[377,481,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@23.[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. Isocrinid and rhizocrinid columnals. A–K: from Palais des Papes in Avignon; A–C: Metacrinus berthei (MHNL 20.062719), A–B: symplexies with anomalous 4-symmetry, C: distal internodal from a young individual; D–F: Papacrinus avignonensis n. gen., n. sp. (MHNL 20.062726), D: oblique distal view, E–F: oblique proximal view, F: close up of cirrus socket; G–K: Paraconocrinus rhodanicus n. sp. (MHNL 20.062727), G–H: columnal from dististele, G: proximal view, H: close up of fulcral ridge, oblique view, I: columnal from middle mesistele, J: columnal from proximal dististele, proximal view, K: columnal from proximal dististele, side distal view; L: Gastecrinus viticolis n. gen., n. sp. from Vigne Gaste (Istres), aboral cup (MHNL 20.062729). Scale bar equals 1 mm in A–F and L, 0.5 mm in G and I–K, 0.1 mm in H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572111/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
|
||
), the other of quadrangular section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFCC507B5FC53FA1E" box="[887,989,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@23.[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. Isocrinid and rhizocrinid columnals. A–K: from Palais des Papes in Avignon; A–C: Metacrinus berthei (MHNL 20.062719), A–B: symplexies with anomalous 4-symmetry, C: distal internodal from a young individual; D–F: Papacrinus avignonensis n. gen., n. sp. (MHNL 20.062726), D: oblique distal view, E–F: oblique proximal view, F: close up of cirrus socket; G–K: Paraconocrinus rhodanicus n. sp. (MHNL 20.062727), G–H: columnal from dististele, G: proximal view, H: close up of fulcral ridge, oblique view, I: columnal from middle mesistele, J: columnal from proximal dististele, proximal view, K: columnal from proximal dististele, side distal view; L: Gastecrinus viticolis n. gen., n. sp. from Vigne Gaste (Istres), aboral cup (MHNL 20.062729). Scale bar equals 1 mm in A–F and L, 0.5 mm in G and I–K, 0.1 mm in H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572111/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF1CC6EFF750790FA13F826" blockId="18.[151,1437,690,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF1CC6EFF750790FD9CF9F2" bold="true" box="[199,530,1518,1545]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Specimens from other sites.</emphasis>
|
||
In Beaucaire, Co and Plc belonging to individuals of sizes like in Avignon (see
|
||
<tableCitation id="68300300FFF1CC6EFF25046DFF65F9D5" box="[151,235,1555,1582]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,239,1094,1118]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 6. Variation of main columnal quantitative characters in morphotype C from Avignon and Beaucaire. Morphotype C is attributed to Metacrinus berthei (See Systematic revision). Av: Avignon, Beau: Beaucaire. Values in mm, except for ratios." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/71CD6633FFEACC75FF250638FF54FB5D" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" tableUuid="71CD6633FFEACC75FF250638FF54FB5D">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
), one complete Ndx
|
||
<quantity id="E24A9B5EFFF1CC6EFE63046DFDBAF9D6" box="[465,564,1555,1581]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.33" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" unit="mm" value="13.3">13.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long with 13 IN; qualitative characters as in Avignon except side faces smooth without ornamentation. In Tarascon, Plc with maximum of 10 successive IN, 5.16<D<7.00 and 0.15<H/D<0.55, ~50% of symplexies with conspicuous furrow at the IPZ axis, external morphology very close to Plc from Les Angles. Among 9 Plc from Le Barroux, 2 with N located at middle length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFCCB0401FC41F962" box="[889,975,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,181,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[166,1421,181,1786]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Columnals and pluricolumnals of Metacrinus berthei.A:from LesAngles, syntype 4, internodal(MRA 3.009.194.2); B–D: from Notre-Dame du Château, B–C: pluricolumnal, cotype of Pentacrinus miocenicus de Loriol, 1897, fig. 15 (MASRP 2020.5014); D: nodal, cirrus socket, distal facet below (MASRP 2020.5023a); E: from Le Barroux, pluricolumnal (MHNL 20.062715); F–K: from Picabrier (MHNL 20.062721), F: internodale; G: nodale, H–K: sharp-edged internodals with side faces convex in the center, I–J: proximal end of a noditaxis, I: distal symplexy, J: proximal cryptosymplexy of the infranodal, K: pluricolumnal, side view. Scale bar equals 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572101/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
|
||
), only 1 Plc with 8 successive IN, longest Plc with discrete inter-articular pores and IN of various D and H; symplexies with 13 to 16 Cr/ZP; all pentagonal IN with more or less convex external faces; N with cirrus sockets 1.6 times wider than high with two well-developed culminae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFEBD0495FEE6F8FE" box="[271,360,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,181,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[166,1421,181,1786]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Columnals and pluricolumnals of Metacrinus berthei.A:from LesAngles, syntype 4, internodal(MRA 3.009.194.2); B–D: from Notre-Dame du Château, B–C: pluricolumnal, cotype of Pentacrinus miocenicus de Loriol, 1897, fig. 15 (MASRP 2020.5014); D: nodal, cirrus socket, distal facet below (MASRP 2020.5023a); E: from Le Barroux, pluricolumnal (MHNL 20.062715); F–K: from Picabrier (MHNL 20.062721), F: internodale; G: nodale, H–K: sharp-edged internodals with side faces convex in the center, I–J: proximal end of a noditaxis, I: distal symplexy, J: proximal cryptosymplexy of the infranodal, K: pluricolumnal, side view. Scale bar equals 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572101/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
|
||
); 1 N with 4 cirrus sockets. In Picabrier (quantitative characters given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="68300300FFF1CC6EFB030495FA88F8FD" box="[1201,1286,1771,1798]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,239,623,647]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 5. Variation of main quantitative columnal characters in morphotype B from Picabrier. Morphotype B is attributed to Metacrinus berthei (see Systematic revision). (*): mode. Values in mm, except for ratios." pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
), symplexies most often (52%) with 15–16 Cr/PZ, two Plc with 10 successive IN; most IN with qualitative characters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFAAC0571FA1AF8D2" box="[1310,1428,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Columnals and pluricolumnals of Metacrinus berthei from the Palais des Papes in Avignon (MHNL 20.062719). A–B: pluricolumnal from the distal stalk of a young individual, A: oblique view, B: side view; C: distal end of a noditaxis from distal stalk, oblique distal view showing the flat, slightly concave cryptosymplexial facet; D–E: distal nodal from a young individual, D: oblique proximal view, E: proximal symplexial facet; F: pentagonal internodal; G: nodal, proximal symplexial facet, close up of center showing inner crenularium with interpetaloid grooves; H: subcircular internodal; I–J: nodal, I: proximal symplexial facet, J: concave cryptosymplexial facet, oblique distal view; K–L: infranodal, convexe distal cryptosymplexial facet, L: close up of lumen filled in by secondary stereom. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except in L where it equals 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572109/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 11F–I</figureCitation>
|
||
) identical to those in Avignon, ~30% of IN with lateral faces more convex in center and more prominent angles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFF120529FEAEF88A" box="[160,288,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Columnals and pluricolumnals of Metacrinus berthei from the Palais des Papes in Avignon (MHNL 20.062719). A–B: pluricolumnal from the distal stalk of a young individual, A: oblique view, B: side view; C: distal end of a noditaxis from distal stalk, oblique distal view showing the flat, slightly concave cryptosymplexial facet; D–E: distal nodal from a young individual, D: oblique proximal view, E: proximal symplexial facet; F: pentagonal internodal; G: nodal, proximal symplexial facet, close up of center showing inner crenularium with interpetaloid grooves; H: subcircular internodal; I–J: nodal, I: proximal symplexial facet, J: concave cryptosymplexial facet, oblique distal view; K–L: infranodal, convexe distal cryptosymplexial facet, L: close up of lumen filled in by secondary stereom. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except in L where it equals 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572109/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 11H–J</figureCitation>
|
||
), sometimes forming rougher angles on some Plc (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFCEE0529FC4EF88A" box="[860,960,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Columnals and pluricolumnals of Metacrinus berthei from the Palais des Papes in Avignon (MHNL 20.062719). A–B: pluricolumnal from the distal stalk of a young individual, A: oblique view, B: side view; C: distal end of a noditaxis from distal stalk, oblique distal view showing the flat, slightly concave cryptosymplexial facet; D–E: distal nodal from a young individual, D: oblique proximal view, E: proximal symplexial facet; F: pentagonal internodal; G: nodal, proximal symplexial facet, close up of center showing inner crenularium with interpetaloid grooves; H: subcircular internodal; I–J: nodal, I: proximal symplexial facet, J: concave cryptosymplexial facet, oblique distal view; K–L: infranodal, convexe distal cryptosymplexial facet, L: close up of lumen filled in by secondary stereom. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except in L where it equals 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572109/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 11K</figureCitation>
|
||
); cryptosymplexies rarely well-preserved, symmorphy of variable amplitude, patches of denser stereom in place of symplexal crenularium pre-existing articulation ankylosis, ZIP without axial grooves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF1CC6EFD7A05E1FC97F842" box="[712,793,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,181,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[166,1421,181,1786]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Columnals and pluricolumnals of Metacrinus berthei.A:from LesAngles, syntype 4, internodal(MRA 3.009.194.2); B–D: from Notre-Dame du Château, B–C: pluricolumnal, cotype of Pentacrinus miocenicus de Loriol, 1897, fig. 15 (MASRP 2020.5014); D: nodal, cirrus socket, distal facet below (MASRP 2020.5023a); E: from Le Barroux, pluricolumnal (MHNL 20.062715); F–K: from Picabrier (MHNL 20.062721), F: internodale; G: nodale, H–K: sharp-edged internodals with side faces convex in the center, I–J: proximal end of a noditaxis, I: distal symplexy, J: proximal cryptosymplexy of the infranodal, K: pluricolumnal, side view. Scale bar equals 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572101/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 9J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Co from other sites with Co characters entering in main field of variation of those from Picabrier. One IBrax (possibly IBr4ax) with proximal synostosial facet from Vedène.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="71CD6633FFF0CC6FFF25056FFD04F826" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572101" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5572101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572101/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" startId="19.[151,250,1809,1833]" targetBox="[166,1421,181,1786]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF0CC6FFF25056FFD04F826" blockId="19.[151,1437,1809,2014]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF0CC6FFF25056FFE9FF8D2" bold="true" box="[151,273,1809,1833]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Columnals and pluricolumnals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF0CC6FFDD7056CFCABF8D1" baseAuthorityName="Nicolas" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[613,805,1810,1834]" class="Crinoidea" family="Pentacrinitidae" genus="Metacrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="berthei">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF0CC6FFDD7056CFCABF8D1" box="[613,805,1810,1834]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Metacrinus berthei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A: from Les Angles, syntype 4, internodal (MRA 3.009.194.2); B–D: from Notre-Dame du Château, B–C: pluricolumnal, cotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF0CC6FFCE20548FB65F8B5" authority="de Loriol, 1897" authorityName="de Loriol" authorityYear="1897" box="[848,1259,1846,1870]" class="Crinoidea" family="Pentacrinitidae" genus="Pentacrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="miocenicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF0CC6FFCE20548FBCAF8B6" box="[848,1092,1846,1869]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Pentacrinus miocenicus</emphasis>
|
||
de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41234B4AFFF0CC6FFBDB0548FB65F8B5" author="Loriol, P. de" box="[1129,1259,1846,1870]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" pagination="115 - 129" refId="ref19232" refString="Loriol, P. de (1897) Description de quelques Echinodermes. Appendice la note de M. E. Pellat sur le Burdigalien superieur. Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France, Series 3, 25, 115 - 129." type="journal article" year="1897">Loriol, 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 15 (MASRP 2020.5014); D: nodal, cirrus socket, distal facet below (MASRP 2020.5023a); E: from Le Barroux, pluricolumnal (MHNL 20.062715); F–K: from Picabrier (MHNL 20.062721), F: internodale; G: nodale, H–K: sharp-edged internodals with side faces convex in the center, I–J: proximal end of a noditaxis, I: distal symplexy, J: proximal cryptosymplexy of the infranodal, K: pluricolumnal, side view. Scale bar equals 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="71CD6633FFF7CC68FF250561FC3FF83C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572105" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5572105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572105/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" startId="20.[151,250,1823,1847]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1800]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF7CC68FF250561FC3FF83C" blockId="20.[151,1437,1823,1992]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF7CC68FF250561FEACF8C3" bold="true" box="[151,290,1823,1848]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Brachials of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF7CC68FE03055EFDFBF8C3" baseAuthorityName="Nicolas" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[433,629,1824,1848]" class="Crinoidea" family="Pentacrinitidae" genus="Metacrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="berthei">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF7CC68FE03055EFDFBF8C3" box="[433,629,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Metacrinus berthei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Palais des Papes in Avignon (MHNL 20.062717). A–C: IBr1, A–B: distal facet, A: close up of marginal symplexial crenumarium, C: proximal muscular facet; D–E: IBr2, D: oblique distal view showing large pinnule socket (p), E: oblique proximal view showing synostosial facet; F: proximal IIIBr, distal muscular facet; G: IBr4, distal facet with growth lines marked by syzygial stereom; H: IBrax; I: free proximal IIBr, proximal facet; J: IBr5, proximal facet; K: free IBr3, distal facet; L: free IIIBr. Scale bar equals 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="71CD6633FFF6CC69FF250574FAC4F801" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572109" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5572109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572109/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" startId="21.[151,250,1802,1826]" targetBox="[169,1418,181,1778]" targetPageId="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF6CC69FF250574FAC4F801" blockId="21.[151,1437,1802,2042]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF6CC69FF250574FE91F8D9" bold="true" box="[151,287,1802,1826]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Columnals and pluricolumnals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF6CC69FDCD0575FCCFF8D9" baseAuthorityName="Nicolas" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[639,833,1802,1826]" class="Crinoidea" family="Pentacrinitidae" genus="Metacrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="berthei">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF6CC69FDCD0575FCCFF8D9" box="[639,833,1802,1826]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Metacrinus berthei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Palais des Papes in Avignon (MHNL 20.062719). A–B: pluricolumnal from the distal stalk of a young individual, A: oblique view, B: side view; C: distal end of a noditaxis from distal stalk, oblique distal view showing the flat, slightly concave cryptosymplexial facet; D–E: distal nodal from a young individual, D: oblique proximal view, E: proximal symplexial facet; F: pentagonal internodal; G: nodal, proximal symplexial facet, close up of center showing inner crenularium with interpetaloid grooves; H: subcircular internodal; I–J: nodal, I: proximal symplexial facet, J: concave cryptosymplexial facet, oblique distal view; K–L: infranodal, convexe distal cryptosymplexial facet, L: close up of lumen filled in by secondary stereom. Scale bar equals 1 mm, except in L where it equals 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6DA86530FFF5CC6AFF7502E9FE54FD36" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF5CC6AFF7502E9FD75FDE2" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFF7502E9FEB5FF4A" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,177]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The two species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF5CC6AFE4C02E9FDE6FF4A" baseAuthorityName="Nicolas" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[510,616,151,177]" class="Crinoidea" family="Pentacrinitidae" genus="Metacrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="berthei">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFE4C02E9FDE6FF4A" box="[510,616,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">P. berthei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF5CC6AFD2D02E9FCB7FF4B" authorityName="de Loriol" authorityYear="1897" box="[671,825,151,176]" class="Crinoidea" family="Pentacrinitidae" genus="Pentacrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="miocenicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFD2D02E9FCB7FF4B" box="[671,825,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">P. miocenicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were published in the same year of 1897.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF5CC6AFAA702E9FF68FF2E" authorityName="Nicolas" authorityYear="1897" class="Crinoidea" family="Pentacrinitidae" genus="Pentacrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="berthei">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFAA702E9FF68FF2E" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Pentacrinus berthei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was based on distal stalk fragments that clearly distinguish it from the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF5CC6AFBD802C5FB42FF2E" baseAuthorityName="Michelotti" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[1130,1228,187,213]" class="Crinoidea" family="Pentacrinitidae" genus="Endoxocrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gastaldii">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFBD802C5FB42FF2E" box="[1130,1228,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">gastaldii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, one of them with a complete Ndx, while the type-series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF5CC6AFDDF02A1FC86FF03" authorityName="de Loriol" authorityYear="1897" box="[621,776,223,248]" class="Crinoidea" family="Pentacrinitidae" genus="Pentacrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="miocenicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFDDF02A1FC86FF03" box="[621,776,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">P. miocenicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains specimens belonging to two different species. In addition, the two Plcs belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF5CC6AFD91037DFDFCFEE6" authorityName="Nicolas" authorityYear="1897" box="[547,626,259,285]" class="Crinoidea" family="Pentacrinitidae" genus="Pentacrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="berthei">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFD91037DFDFCFEE6" box="[547,626,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">berthei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
figured by de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41234B4AFFF5CC6AFCA7037DFC22FEE6" author="Loriol, P. de" box="[789,940,259,285]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" pagination="115 - 129" refId="ref19232" refString="Loriol, P. de (1897) Description de quelques Echinodermes. Appendice la note de M. E. Pellat sur le Burdigalien superieur. Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France, Series 3, 25, 115 - 129." type="journal article" year="1897">Loriol (1897)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are very proximal showing symplexies with specific characters incompletely developed. Therefore, we have given priority to the species whose type-series allows an unambiguous determination.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41234B4AFFF5CC6AFDE40335FD76FE9E" author="Nicolas, H." box="[598,760,331,357]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" pagination="60 - 152" refId="ref19738" refString="Nicolas, H. (1897) Etude sur les terrains tertiaires des environs d'Avignon. Le Miocene. Memoires de l'Academie du Vaucluse, Avignon, 16, 60 - 152." type="journal article" year="1897">Nicolas (1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41234B4AFFF5CC6AFCB60335FCB3FE9E" author="Nicolas, H." box="[772,829,331,357]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" pagination="383 - 413" refId="ref19771" refString="Nicolas, H. (1898) Etude des terrains tertiaires des environs d'Avignon. Miocene. Note complementaire sur la faune de la Femme de Loth et revision des Antedons de ce meme horizon. Association francaise pour l'Avancement des Sciences. Compte rendu de la 26 eme session, Congres de Saint-Etienne, 1897, Notes et Memoires, Masson, Paris, pp. 383 - 413." type="book chapter" year="1898">1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) refers to another species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF5CC6AFBC30335FAC5FE9E" box="[1137,1355,331,357]" class="Crinoidea" family="Pentacrinitidae" genus="Pentacrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="allardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFBC30335FAC5FE9E" box="[1137,1355,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Pentacrinus allardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, found in Avignon molasse and from Beaucaire. Without description or figuration, it remains a nomen nudum. It most probably corresponds to our morphotype C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF5CC6AFD3C03EDFB67FE56" authority="Roux and Montenat, 1977" authorityName="Roux and Montenat" authorityYear="1977" box="[654,1257,403,429]" class="Crinoidea" family="Pentacrinitidae" genus="Metacrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mazarronensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFD3C03EDFC37FE57" box="[654,953,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Metacrinus mazarronensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41234B4AFFF5CC6AFC7303EDFB67FE56" author="Roux, M. & Montenat, C." box="[961,1257,403,429]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" pagination="405 - 416" refId="ref20864" refString="Roux, M. & Montenat, C. (1977) Sites Crinoides pedoncules et bathymetrie des bassins messiniens dans les Cordillieres betiques orientales (Espagne meridionale). Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France, Series 7, 19, 405 - 416. https: // doi. org / 10.2113 / gssgfbull. S 7 - XIX. 2.405" type="journal article" year="1977">Roux and Montenat, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF5CC6AFF2503C9FE84FE2A" authorityName="Nicolas" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,266,439,465]" class="Crinoidea" family="Pentacrinitidae" genus="Pentacrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="berthei">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFF2503C9FE84FE2A" box="[151,266,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">M. berthei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It differs in having ZIP of cryptosymplexies with axial groove.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF5CC6AFC7F03C9FB2FFE2A" baseAuthorityName="Nicolas" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[973,1185,439,465]" class="Crinoidea" family="Pentacrinitidae" genus="Metacrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="berthei">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFC7F03C9FB2FFE2A" box="[973,1185,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Metacrinus berthei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF5CC6AFB6603C9FA12FE2B" authorityName="Roux and Montenat" authorityYear="1977" box="[1236,1436,439,464]" class="Crinoidea" family="Pentacrinitidae" genus="Metacrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mazarronensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFB6603C9FA12FE2B" box="[1236,1436,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">M. mazarronensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
share symplexies with characters very close to those of the extant species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF5CC6AFC6503A5FABBFE0E" authority="Carpenter, 1884" authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1884" box="[983,1333,475,501]" class="Crinoidea" family="Pentacrinitidae" genus="Metacrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="interruptus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFC6503A5FBF7FE0F" box="[983,1145,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">M. interruptus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41234B4AFFF5CC6AFB3303A5FABBFE0E" author="Carpenter, P. H." box="[1153,1333,475,501]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" pagination="1 - 440" refId="ref17806" refString="Carpenter, P. H. (1884) Report upon the Crinoidea collected during the voyage of H. M. S. " Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Part I, General morphology, with description of the stalked crinoids. Report on the scientific results of the exploringvoyage H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 11 (32), 1 - 440. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11805" type="journal article" year="1884">Carpenter, 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the northwestern Pacific (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41234B4AFFF5CC6AFE3F0381FD82FDE2" author="Roux, M." box="[397,524,511,537]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" pagination="477 - 543" refId="ref20542" refString="Roux, M. (1981) Echinodermes: Crinoides Isocrinidae. Memoires O. R. S. T. O. M., Paris, 91, 477 - 543." type="journal article" year="1981">Roux 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 6–3 and pl. 7–5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF5CC6AFF75005CFE54FD36" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFF75005CFDF6FDC6" bold="true" box="[199,632,546,573]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
|
||
Occurrence in southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5DA5762BFFF5CC6AFDAF005DFDFDFDC6" box="[541,627,547,573]" name="France" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Avignon (Palais des Papes), Les Angles (ancient quarry), Le Barroux, Beaucaire (ancient quarry), Caumont-sur-Durance (Picabrier), Entrechaux (Pont Saint-Michel), Entrechaux (Ferme Pie, marnes de Faucon), Saint-Etienne du Grès (Notre-Dame du Château), Tarascon, Vedènes, and possibly Villeneuve-lès-Avignon (Pierre Longue) and Saint-Rémy de Provence (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF5CC6AFC6E00F1FBF9FD53" authorityName="de Loriol" authorityYear="1897" box="[988,1143,655,680]" class="Crinoidea" family="Pentacrinitidae" genus="Pentacrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="miocenicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFC6E00F1FBF9FD53" box="[988,1143,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">P. miocenicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
after
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41234B4AFFF5CC6AFB0900F1FAD8FD52" author="Joleaud, L." box="[1211,1366,655,681]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" refId="ref18980" refString="Joleaud, L. (1907) Geologie et paleontologie de la plaine du Comtat et de ses abords. Description des terrains neogenes. Fascicule I. Seguin, Avignon, 102 pp." type="book" year="1907">Joleaud 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Late Burdigalian-Early Langhian.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |