472 lines
60 KiB
XML
472 lines
60 KiB
XML
<document id="95B1B39D2886A9337FDFB5CEB892EF2E" ID-CLB-Dataset="5426" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3839.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6d32f9c2-3094-425b-bb7e-9c6e0517d4fd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4927721" ID-ZooBank="AA7FEED5-5C1F-48D0-A172-5C25C4001DF3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623431431244" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Skuhrovec, Jiří, Gosik, Rafał & Caldara, Roberto" docDate="2014" docId="A65B8792F3101F1167B4BAD68B7AAD08" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03839p083.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3839 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Tychius quinquepunctatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="5A62FFEAF3181F186723BA028828AC6B" masterDocTitle="Immatures of Palaearctic species of the weevil genus Tychius (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): new descriptions and new bionomic data with an evaluation of their value in a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1699010544010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="E1B9C53010D5843454E742B49E50204C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="92D267B96477C078D25F344ECEDB34D6">
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<mods:title id="CAE93DDBEB246E7BEECF0F1F1E88AD91">Immatures of Palaearctic species of the weevil genus Tychius (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): new descriptions and new bionomic data with an evaluation of their value in a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="153D2E559D0A55101004F9B3A4CB8843" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0CC785F9FC4916FB319A1D79466038FF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="781CEA51B2DBE7BC314C0C121A99024D">Skuhrovec, Jiří</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BDCBDD5BE185620A244C9B94212B8A1A">Gosik, Rafał</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="8643AB982A6B0357D8EFECB705429F8B" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0B3A0EC258ED58965A6CF08BF3E06498">Caldara, Roberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="293037D5C4BCC9F22853D4FA176AB23F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8B48E4CA514E031BCFDD7BD5D75A4D95">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A781E9A8A06BFC2EA0B7E3FCAE9E364B">
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<mods:date id="8AAE30BFE0E3783B577AA863FA2BC05C">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9EF25CF8FFF0A170438C9F2AC974CFBE">2014-07-23</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="3359F10200702325697B8FBD04453650" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="1F05F592C30D91091B609118A8F8CAFF">3839</mods:number>
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<treatment id="A65B8792F3101F1167B4BAD68B7AAD08" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927615" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183550439" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4927615" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A65B8792F3101F1167B4BAD68B7AAD08" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A65B8792F3101F1167B4BAD68B7AAD08" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="66E8650FF3101F1067B4BAD68B6DAD4B" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3101F1067B4BAD68B22AC85" blockId="8.[151,778,212,238]" box="[151,778,212,238]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="750581E8F3101F1067B4BAD68B22AC85" bold="true" box="[151,778,212,238]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F3101F1067B4BAD68B22AC85" ID-CoL="7CYQH" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,778,212,238]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinquepunctatus">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1067B4BAD68B22AC85" bold="true" box="[151,778,212,238]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1067B4BAD688DFAC85" bold="true" box="[151,247,212,238]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tychius</emphasis>
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(s. str.)
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F10667ABAD68A1BAC85" bold="true" box="[345,563,212,238]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">quinquepunctatus</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus, 1758)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3101F1067B4BB088B6DAD4B" blockId="8.[151,837,266,288]" box="[151,837,266,288]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F3101F1067B4BB0889B3AD4B" author="Clark, W. E. & Burke, H. R." box="[151,411,266,288]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="106 - 120" refId="ref37793" refString="Clark, W. E. & Burke, H. R. (1977) The curculionid genus Tychius Germar: natural history and coevolution with leguminous host plants. Southwestern Entomologist, 2, 106 - 120." type="journal article" year="1977">Clark & Burke 1977: 113</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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||
<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F3101F106686BB088AAEAD4B" author="Clark, W. E. & Burke, H. R. & Anderson, D. M." box="[421,646,266,288]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="626 - 654" refId="ref37833" refString="Clark, W. E., Burke, H. R. & Anderson, D. M. (1978) The genus Tychius Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): larvae and pupae of some species, with evaluation of their characters in phylogenetic analysis. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 80, 626 - 654." type="journal article" year="1978">
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Clark
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1066C7BB098A3FAD4B" box="[484,535,266,288]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
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||
1978: 640
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F3101F1065ACBB088B68AD4B" author="Caldara, R." box="[655,832,266,288]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="51 - 218" refId="ref37273" refString="Caldara, R. (1990) Revisione tassonomica delle specie paleartiche del genere Tychius Germar (Coleoptera Curculionidae). Memorie della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 25, 51 - 218." type="journal article" year="1990">Caldara 1990: 97</bibRefCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="66E8650FF3101F1067B4BB4F8ABBADC5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3101F1067B4BB4F8ABBADC5" blockId="8.[151,1437,333,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1067B4BB4F8951AD0D" bold="true" box="[151,377,333,358]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Material examined</emphasis>
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||
.
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||
<materialsCitation id="9E9A3CD9F3101F1066A4BB4F8ABDADE1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323411316" collectingDate="1979-07-01" collectionCode="R" country="Italy" county="Caldara" location="Recco" municipality="Genova province" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCount="42" specimenCount-larva="42" stateProvince="Liguria">
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<specimenCount id="38F4FD0DF3101F1066A4BB4F89C7AD0D" box="[391,495,333,358]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="larva">42 larvae</specimenCount>
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from pods of
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<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F3101F1065AEBB4F8B73AD0D" box="[653,859,333,358]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lathyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latifolius">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1065AEBB4F8B73AD0D" box="[653,859,333,358]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lathyrus latifolius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. collected
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<date id="5A4C1044F3101F1064CEBB4F8C77AD0D" box="[1005,1119,333,358]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1979-07-01">
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||
<collectingDate id="4A08E9ACF3101F1064CEBB4F8C77AD0D" box="[1005,1119,333,358]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1979-07-01">1.vii.1979</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
at
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||
<location id="2B2D605FF3101F1063A2BB4C8CE2AD0E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A65B8792F3101F1167B4BAD68B7AAD08:2B2D605FF3101F1063A2BB4C8CE2AD0E" box="[1153,1226,334,357]" country="Italy" county="Caldara" municipality="Genova province" name="Recco" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" stateProvince="Liguria">Recco</location>
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||
,
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<collectingMunicipality id="CE29ACFEF3101F1063F6BB4F8DB0AD0D" box="[1237,1432,333,358]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Genova province</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
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||
<collectingRegion id="EC36F866F3101F1067B4BB7388C2ADE1" box="[151,234,369,394]" country="Italy" name="Liguria" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Liguria</collectingRegion>
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(northern
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<collectingCountry id="56E57614F3101F106640BB7389B2ADE1" box="[355,410,369,394]" name="Italy" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Italy</collectingCountry>
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||
), leg.
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||
<collectionCode id="48E3AE41F3101F1066C0BB7089D1ADE2" box="[483,505,370,393]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R</collectionCode>
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||
.
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<collectingCounty id="C72C4E08F3101F106526BB738A77ADE1" box="[517,607,369,394]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Caldara</collectingCounty>
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||
, and
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
<specimenCount id="38F4FD0DF3101F1065BDBB738B2FADE2" box="[670,775,369,394]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="pupa">24 pupae</specimenCount>
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obtained from larvae collected similarly to the others, all determined by association with reared adults.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="66E8650FF3101F1067E4BBBB8A85ADB9" box="[199,685,441,466]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3101F1067E4BBBB8A85ADB9" blockId="8.[151,1437,333,2036]" box="[199,685,441,466]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1067E4BBBB89E5ADB9" bold="true" box="[199,461,441,466]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
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See
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<tableCitation id="6370033FF3101F106527BBBB8A49ADB9" box="[516,609,441,466]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="27.[151,231,151,172]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="TABLE 2. Larval setal index of: 1—T. parallelus group (A—T. paralellus); 2—T. striatulus group (B—T. striatulus); 3—T. quinquepunctatus group (C—T. quinqupunctatus); 4—T. intrusus group (D—T. alpinus; E—T. brisouti); 5—T.depressus group (F—T. depressus); 6—T. seriepilosus group (G—T. schneideri); 7—T. siculus group (H—T. capucinus); 8—T. squamulatus group (I—T. caldarai; J—T. squamulatus); 9—T. argentatus group (K—T. argentatus); 10—T. stephensi group (L—T. breviusculus; M—T. curtirostris; N—T. decretus; O—T. meliloti; P—T. pusillus; Q—T. tibialis)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3031F0367B4BA958B4CAD4F" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3031F0367B4BA958B4CAD4F">Tables 2</tableCitation>
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and
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<tableCitation id="6370033FF3101F1065BBBBBB8A80ADB9" box="[664,680,441,466]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="28.[151,241,484,507]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="TABLE 3. Pupal setal index of: 1—T. quinquepunctatus group (A—T. quinqupunctatus); 2—T. intrusus group (B—T. alpinus; C—T. brisouti); 3—T. depressus group (D—T. depressus); 4—T. seriepilosus group (E—T. schneideri); 5—T. siculus group (F—T. capucinus); 6—T. squamulatus group (G—T. caldarai; H—T. squamulatus); 7—T. argentatus group (I—T. argentatus); 8—T. stephensi group (J—T. breviusculus; K—T. curtirostris; L—T. decretus; M—T. meliloti; N—T. pusillus; O—T. tibialis)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3041F0467B4BBE689B0AE10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3041F0467B4BBE689B0AE10">3</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="66E8650FF3101F1067E4BBDF8ACDAB9F" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3101F1067E4BBDF88C7AE71" blockId="8.[151,1437,333,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1067E4BBDF8A30AD9D" bold="true" box="[199,536,477,502]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description of mature larva.</emphasis>
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COLORATION. Head brown to dark brown. All thoracic and abdominal segments salmon.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3101F1067E4B8248928AF4F" blockId="8.[151,1437,333,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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HEAD CAPSULE AND MOUTH PARTS. Head width:
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<quantity id="E90A9B61F3101F106430B8278B93AE56" box="[787,955,549,574]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" metricValueMax="8.1" metricValueMin="7.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="0.77" valueMax="0.81" valueMin="0.73">0.73–0.81 mm</quantity>
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(see
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<tableCitation id="6370033FF3101F1064DCB8278C75AE55" box="[1023,1117,549,574]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="26.[151,239,980,1003]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 1. Measure index of selected body parts of larvae and pupae of Tychius species. The following characters of each specimen were measured: HW—head width of mature larva, HL—head length of mature larva, BL—length of the larval body, BW—width at the widest point (meso- or metathorax), BL(P)—length of the pupa and BW(P)—width of the pupa at the widest point (meso- or metacoxae). Average, minimum and maximum measurments are presented. All measurements in millimeters. These measurements are cited in the descriptions of each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807">Table. 1</tableCitation>
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). Endocarinal line present, reaching middle of frons.
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F10669FB84889D8AE0D" box="[444,496,586,614]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Des
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||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3101F1066CBB85A89D8AE0D" attach="left" box="[488,496,600,614]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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located almost in central parts of epicarnium;
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1064DCB84B8C04AE0D" box="[1023,1068,585,614]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3101F106307B85A8C04AE0D" attach="left" box="[1060,1068,600,614]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
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located very near frontal suture, near
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1067F3B87288D5AEE6" box="[208,253,624,653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3101F1067D6B87D88D5AEE6" attach="left" box="[245,253,639,653]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3</subScript>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
;
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||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F10662EB8728913AEE6" box="[269,315,624,653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3101F106610B87D8913AEE6" attach="left" box="[307,315,639,653]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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located along frontal suture;
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1065AFB8728A92AEE6" box="[652,698,624,653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3101F106591B87D8A92AEE6" attach="left" box="[690,698,639,653]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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located anterolaterally;
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1064EDB8728BD4AEE6" box="[974,1020,624,653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3101F1064D7B87D8BD4AEE6" attach="left" box="[1012,1020,639,653]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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and
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F106316B8728C4BAEE6" box="[1077,1123,624,653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3101F106378B87D8C4BAEE6" attach="left" box="[1115,1123,639,653]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
4 times shorter than others (
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F106783B89488E5AEDF" box="[160,205,662,692]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3101F1067E6B8A488E5AEDF" attach="left" box="[197,205,678,692]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1067C1B8948927AEDF" box="[226,271,662,692]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3101F106624B8A48927AEDF" attach="left" box="[263,271,678,692]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F106600B8948978AEDF" box="[291,336,662,692]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3101F10666BB8A48978AEDF" attach="left" box="[328,336,678,692]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3101F10664CB89489E1AEC4" box="[367,457,662,687]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[226,1350,195,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-129@38.[217,1352,183,1855]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. Tychius quinquepunctatus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 21—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 22—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 23—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 24—antenna; 25—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 26—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927735" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927735/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1066C7B89A8A20AEDF" box="[484,520,664,692]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3101F106523B8A48A20AEDF" attach="left" box="[512,520,678,692]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F106568B8948A4DAEDF" box="[587,613,662,692]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3101F10657EB8A48A4DAEDF" attach="left" box="[605,613,678,692]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1065ECB8948AC2AEDF" box="[719,746,662,692]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3101F1065C1B8A48AC2AEDF" attach="left" box="[738,746,678,692]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
short, located medially;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F10633AB8948C1CAEDF" box="[1049,1076,662,692]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3101F10630FB8A48C1CAEDF" attach="left" box="[1068,1076,678,692]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
located anteromedially (along epistoma);
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F106637B8BF8907AEB1" box="[276,303,701,730]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3101F106604B8CE8907AEB1" attach="left" box="[295,303,716,730]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
located anterolaterally (along epistoma), 4 times longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1064C1B8BF8BD5AEB1" box="[994,1021,701,730]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3101F1064D6B8CE8BD5AEB1" attach="left" box="[1013,1021,716,730]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3101F10632FB8BF8C48AEBD" box="[1036,1120,701,726]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[226,1350,195,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-129@38.[217,1352,183,1855]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. Tychius quinquepunctatus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 21—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 22—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 23—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 24—antenna; 25—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 26—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927735" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927735/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F106357B8BC8CB3AEBE" box="[1140,1179,702,725]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Les</emphasis>
|
||
almost equal in length as
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F10679BB8E688CDAF6A" box="[184,229,740,769]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3101F1067FEB8F188CDAF6A" attach="left" box="[221,229,755,769]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1067D6B8E78932AE97" box="[245,282,741,764]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ves</emphasis>
|
||
short. Antennal segment membranous, bearing conical sensorium and 2 very short, conical, sensilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3101F1067BCB90988DCAF4F" box="[159,244,779,804]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[226,1350,195,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-129@38.[217,1352,183,1855]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. Tychius quinquepunctatus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 21—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 22—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 23—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 24—antenna; 25—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 26—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927735" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927735/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3101F1067E4B92D89D7A8D3" blockId="8.[151,1437,333,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Labrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3101F10660CB92D89A9AF23" box="[303,385,815,840]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[226,1350,195,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-129@38.[217,1352,183,1855]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. Tychius quinquepunctatus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 21—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 22—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 23—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 24—antenna; 25—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 26—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927735" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927735/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
) approximately 2.6 times as wide as long;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F106444B92D8BBEAF27" box="[871,918,815,844]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3101F1064ADB93C8BBEAF27" attach="left" box="[910,918,830,844]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
3 times longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F10635CB92D8C86AF27" box="[1151,1198,815,844]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3101F106385B93C8C86AF27" attach="left" box="[1190,1198,830,844]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F10639FB92D8CC3AF27" box="[1212,1259,815,844]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3101F1063C0B93C8CC3AF27" attach="left" box="[1251,1259,830,844]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
slightly shorter than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1067ECB954892CAF04" box="[207,260,854,879]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">lms1</emphasis>
|
||
; anterior margin doubly sinuate. Clypeus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3101F1065C9B9548B15AF04" box="[746,829,854,879]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[226,1350,195,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-129@38.[217,1352,183,1855]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. Tychius quinquepunctatus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 21—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 22—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 23—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 24—antenna; 25—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 26—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927735" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927735/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
) 2.7 times as wide as long; with 2 pairs of very short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1067B4B978889EAFF8" box="[151,182,890,915]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">cls</emphasis>
|
||
of same length, and 1 sensillum, all located posterolaterally; anterior margin slightly rounded inside. Epipharynx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3101F106609B99C8954AFDC" box="[298,380,926,951]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[226,1350,195,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-129@38.[217,1352,183,1855]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. Tychius quinquepunctatus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 21—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 22—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 23—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 24—antenna; 25—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 26—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927735" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927735/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 2 pairs of
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F106519B99C8A73AFDC" box="[570,603,926,951]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">als</emphasis>
|
||
, almost of equal length; with 2 pairs of short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F106346B99D8CBAAFDD" box="[1125,1170,927,950]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ams</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F106382B99D8CFEAFD0" box="[1185,1238,927,955]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
ams
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3101F1063EDB9AF8CFEAFD0" attach="left" box="[1230,1238,941,955]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
distinctly shorter than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1067F1B9C4892FAF89" box="[210,263,966,994]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
ams
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3101F1067DCB9D6892FAF89" attach="left" box="[255,263,980,994]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; with 2 long, finger-like and 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1065E4B9C48ADBAFB6" box="[711,755,966,989]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">mes</emphasis>
|
||
; labral rods relatively long, elongate, strongly converging posteriorly. Mandibles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3101F106682B9E989DBA86F" box="[417,499,1003,1028]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[226,1350,195,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-129@38.[217,1352,183,1855]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. Tychius quinquepunctatus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 21—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 22—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 23—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 24—antenna; 25—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 26—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927735" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927735/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 2 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1065AEB9E98A92A86F" box="[653,698,1003,1028]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">mds</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length. Maxilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3101F106325B9E98C72A86F" box="[1030,1114,1003,1028]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[226,1350,195,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-129@38.[217,1352,183,1855]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. Tychius quinquepunctatus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 21—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 22—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 23—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 24—antenna; 25—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 26—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927735" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927735/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
): stipes with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F106221B9EE8D06A868" box="[1282,1326,1004,1027]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">stps</emphasis>
|
||
, and with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F106788BE0D88E4A843" box="[171,204,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">pfs</emphasis>
|
||
of equal length; mala with 4 straight
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F10654FBE0D8AB1A843" box="[620,665,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">dms</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length; with 3
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1064E8BE138BDFA843" box="[971,1015,1041,1064]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">vms</emphasis>
|
||
, moderately long and almost of equal length. Maxillary palpi: length ratio of basal and distal palpomeres 1:1.25; basal palpomera with 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F106278BE368DBDA820" box="[1371,1429,1076,1099]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">mpxs</emphasis>
|
||
; distal palpomera with group of 4 conical, cuticular apical processes. Prementum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3101F106301BE558C5AA81B" box="[1058,1138,1111,1136]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[226,1350,195,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-129@38.[217,1352,183,1855]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. Tychius quinquepunctatus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 21—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 22—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 23—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 24—antenna; 25—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 26—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927735" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927735/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
) heart-shaped, with 1 long
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1067B4BE7E88E7A8F8" box="[151,207,1148,1171]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">prms</emphasis>
|
||
; margin of ligula slightly sinuate; ligula with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1065D0BE798B38A8FF" box="[755,784,1147,1172]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">lig</emphasis>
|
||
; premental sclerite distinct. Postmentum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3101F1063D2BE798D6BA8FF" box="[1265,1347,1147,1172]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[226,1350,195,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-129@38.[217,1352,183,1855]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. Tychius quinquepunctatus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 21—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 22—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 23—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 24—antenna; 25—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 26—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927735" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927735/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 3 pairs of
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1067D0BEA38908A8D3" box="[243,288,1185,1208]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">pms</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3101F1067E4BEC68AE5A96B" blockId="8.[151,1437,333,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
THORAX AND ABDOMEN. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="E90A9B61F3101F10655CBEC18B20A8B0" box="[639,776,1219,1244]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" metricValueMax="7.2" metricValueMin="4.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="5.9" valueMax="7.2" valueMin="4.6">4.6–7.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(see
|
||
<tableCitation id="6370033FF3101F106464BEC18B8AA8B7" box="[839,930,1219,1244]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="26.[151,239,980,1003]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 1. Measure index of selected body parts of larvae and pupae of Tychius species. The following characters of each specimen were measured: HW—head width of mature larva, HL—head length of mature larva, BL—length of the larval body, BW—width at the widest point (meso- or metathorax), BL(P)—length of the pupa and BW(P)—width of the pupa at the widest point (meso- or metacoxae). Average, minimum and maximum measurments are presented. All measurements in millimeters. These measurements are cited in the descriptions of each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807">Table. 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), stocky (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3101F106334BEC18C45A8B7" box="[1047,1133,1219,1244]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–30" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1893,1916]" captionTargetBox="[186,1386,194,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-82@39.[186,1396,150,1896]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 27–30. Tychius quinquepunctatus mature larva habitus: 27—lateral view, 28—lateral view of thoracic segments, 29—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 30—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927737/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spiracles on abdomen in median parts of segments (abdominal seg. I–VIII).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3101F1067E4BF098BB3AA74" blockId="8.[151,1437,333,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Chaetotaxy of body strongly reduced. Setae very short, feebly visible, light yellow.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1063A5BF098CCEA94F" bold="true" box="[1158,1254,1291,1316]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Prothorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3101F10624DBF09889CA923" captionStart="FIGURES 27–30" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1893,1916]" captionTargetBox="[186,1386,194,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-82@39.[186,1396,150,1896]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 27–30. Tychius quinquepunctatus mature larva habitus: 27—lateral view, 28—lateral view of thoracic segments, 29—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 30—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927737/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 6
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F106630BF338912A923" box="[275,314,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">prn</emphasis>
|
||
, all macrosetae of equal length; 2 moderately long
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F10645CBF338BB0A923" box="[895,920,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ps</emphasis>
|
||
of same length; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F106348BF338CB8A923" box="[1131,1168,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Meso- and metathorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3101F1067BCBF5188D8A907" box="[159,240,1363,1388]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–30" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1893,1916]" captionTargetBox="[186,1386,194,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-82@39.[186,1396,150,1896]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 27–30. Tychius quinquepunctatus mature larva habitus: 27—lateral view, 28—lateral view of thoracic segments, 29—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 30—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927737/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F10666FBF568958A900" box="[332,368,1364,1387]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; 3
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1066B0BF518992A907" box="[403,442,1363,1388]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">pds</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1066FEBF568A2AA900" box="[477,514,1364,1387]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F106506BF568A16A900" box="[549,574,1364,1387]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ps</emphasis>
|
||
almost of same length; and 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1064E8BF568BD8A900" box="[971,1008,1364,1387]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Each pedal area of thoracic segments well-separated and with 3
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F10669CBF7589C1A9FB" box="[447,489,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">pda</emphasis>
|
||
, equal in length (moderately long).
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F10645EBF758BD0A9FB" bold="true" box="[893,1016,1399,1424]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Abdominal segments I–VII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3101F106261BF758DBCA9FB" box="[1346,1428,1399,1424]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–30" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1893,1916]" captionTargetBox="[186,1386,194,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-82@39.[186,1396,150,1896]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 27–30. Tychius quinquepunctatus mature larva habitus: 27—lateral view, 28—lateral view of thoracic segments, 29—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 30—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927737/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1067C7BF9E8920A9D8" box="[228,264,1436,1459]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">prs</emphasis>
|
||
different in length; 3
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1066D9BF998A09A9DF" box="[506,545,1435,1460]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">pds</emphasis>
|
||
different in length; 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F106430BF9E8B01A9D8" box="[787,809,1436,1459]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ss</emphasis>
|
||
different in length; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F106338BF9E8C68A9D8" box="[1051,1088,1436,1459]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F106347BF9E8C55A9D8" box="[1124,1149,1436,1459]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ps</emphasis>
|
||
different in length; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F10624CBF998DBCA9DF" box="[1391,1428,1435,1460]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">lsts</emphasis>
|
||
; and 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1067FDBFC3892BA9B3" box="[222,259,1473,1496]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segment VIII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3101F10651CBFBD8ABAA9B3" box="[575,658,1471,1496]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–30" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1893,1916]" captionTargetBox="[186,1386,194,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-82@39.[186,1396,150,1896]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 27–30. Tychius quinquepunctatus mature larva habitus: 27—lateral view, 28—lateral view of thoracic segments, 29—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 30—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927737/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1065D0BFC38B3FA9B3" box="[755,791,1473,1496]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">prs</emphasis>
|
||
of different length; 3
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F106330BFBD8C12A9B3" box="[1043,1082,1471,1496]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">pds</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F106343BFC38C5EA9B3" box="[1120,1142,1473,1496]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ss</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1063BFBFC38CE9A9B3" box="[1180,1217,1473,1496]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1063CBBFC38D29A9B3" box="[1256,1281,1473,1496]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F10620BBFBD8D65A9B3" box="[1320,1357,1471,1496]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">lsts</emphasis>
|
||
; and 2 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1067F6BFE688D2A990" box="[213,250,1508,1531]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segment IX (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3101F10653EBFE18A46A997" box="[541,622,1507,1532]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–30" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1893,1916]" captionTargetBox="[186,1386,194,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-82@39.[186,1396,150,1896]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 27–30. Tychius quinquepunctatus mature larva habitus: 27—lateral view, 28—lateral view of thoracic segments, 29—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 30—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927737/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1065E9BFE18ACBA997" box="[714,739,1507,1532]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ds</emphasis>
|
||
of different length; and 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F106326BFE68C0BA990" box="[1029,1059,1508,1531]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sts</emphasis>
|
||
of different length. Anal lobes on abdominal segment X (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3101F1066BFBC0589C5AA4B" box="[412,493,1543,1568]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–30" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1893,1916]" captionTargetBox="[186,1386,194,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-82@39.[186,1396,150,1896]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 27–30. Tychius quinquepunctatus mature larva habitus: 27—lateral view, 28—lateral view of thoracic segments, 29—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 30—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927737/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1 very short, feebly visible seta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3101F1067E4BC298B29AA2F" blockId="8.[151,1437,333,2036]" box="[199,769,1579,1604]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1067E4BC298992AA2F" bold="true" box="[199,442,1579,1604]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description of pupa.</emphasis>
|
||
COLORATION. Body salmon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3101F1067E4BC528962AADB" blockId="8.[151,1437,333,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
MORPHOLOGY (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3101F10665FBC4D8A2FAA03" box="[380,519,1615,1640]" captionStart="FIGURES 31–33" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[218,1377,244,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-70@40.[187,1397,193,1901]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 31–33. Tychius quinquepunctatus pupa habitus: 31—ventral view, 32—dorsal view, 33—lateral view (vs—vertical s., sos—super orbital s., os—orbital s., pas—postantennal s., rs—rostral s., as—apical s., ls—lateral s., ds—discal s., pls—posterolateral s., fes—femoral s., pc—pseudocerci)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927739" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927739/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 31–33</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body length
|
||
<quantity id="E90A9B61F3101F106590BC4D8B17AA0C" box="[691,831,1615,1640]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5999999999999996" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="3.5999999999999996" valueMax="4.1" valueMin="3.1">3.1–4.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; widest part
|
||
<quantity id="E90A9B61F3101F1064F6BC4D8C77AA0C" box="[981,1119,1615,1640]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="2.15" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="1.9">1.9–2.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
(see
|
||
<tableCitation id="6370033FF3101F1063BDBC4D8CD2AA03" box="[1182,1274,1615,1640]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="26.[151,239,980,1003]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 1. Measure index of selected body parts of larvae and pupae of Tychius species. The following characters of each specimen were measured: HW—head width of mature larva, HL—head length of mature larva, BL—length of the larval body, BW—width at the widest point (meso- or metathorax), BL(P)—length of the pupa and BW(P)—width of the pupa at the widest point (meso- or metacoxae). Average, minimum and maximum measurments are presented. All measurements in millimeters. These measurements are cited in the descriptions of each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807">Table. 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Body rather stocky. Rostrum moderately long, approximately 4 times as long as wide, reaching mesocoxae. Pronotum 1.7 times as wide as long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3101F1067E4BCB98C93ABE3" blockId="8.[151,1437,333,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
CHAETOTAXY (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3101F106651BCB989D2AABF" box="[370,506,1723,1748]" captionStart="FIGURES 31–33" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[218,1377,244,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-70@40.[187,1397,193,1901]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 31–33. Tychius quinquepunctatus pupa habitus: 31—ventral view, 32—dorsal view, 33—lateral view (vs—vertical s., sos—super orbital s., os—orbital s., pas—postantennal s., rs—rostral s., as—apical s., ls—lateral s., ds—discal s., pls—posterolateral s., fes—femoral s., pc—pseudocerci)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927739" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927739/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 31–33</figureCitation>
|
||
). Setae distinct, short, unequal in length, light brown; on pronotum and head placed on small protuberances. Head capsule including 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1065FBBCE38AC7AA93" box="[728,751,1761,1784]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">vs</emphasis>
|
||
, 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F106435BCE38B12AA93" box="[790,826,1761,1784]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sos</emphasis>
|
||
, 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F106442BCE38B52AA93" box="[865,890,1761,1784]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">os</emphasis>
|
||
and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1064E8BCE38BDAAA93" box="[971,1010,1761,1784]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">pas</emphasis>
|
||
. Rostrum with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F10639FBCE38CFAAA93" box="[1212,1234,1761,1784]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">rs</emphasis>
|
||
located medially. Setae on head slightly shorter than setae on thoracic and abdominal segments. Pronotum with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1063E4BD068CC8AB70" box="[1223,1248,1796,1819]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">as</emphasis>
|
||
, 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F106220BD018D3EAB77" box="[1283,1302,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ls</emphasis>
|
||
, 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F10621BBD018D79AB77" box="[1336,1361,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ds</emphasis>
|
||
, and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1067B4BD258890AB2B" box="[151,184,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">pls</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1067E5BD2588F7AB2B" box="[198,223,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ds</emphasis>
|
||
as long as other setae on pronotum. Dorsal parts of meso- and metathorax with 1 seta. Each apex of femora with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1067C9BD498921AB0F" box="[234,265,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">fes</emphasis>
|
||
of equal length. Setae on abdominal segments I–VIII placed posteromedially and posterolaterally; all abdominal setae located on thorn-like protuberances. Pseudocerci short, slightly curved inside.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3101F1067E4BD918ACDAB9F" blockId="8.[151,1437,333,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3101F1067E4BD9189CBABC7" bold="true" box="[199,483,1939,1964]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Biological observations.</emphasis>
|
||
Several living larvae, as many as 10 at all stages, were found in a single pod, which however did not show external modifications. Pupation was observed 20 days after the introduction of the larvae in the soil. Adults emerged from the cells 20 days later.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="66E8650FF3111F1167E4BA958B7AAD08" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3111F1167E4BA958B7AAD08" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1167E4BA958913ACDB" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This common species with a wide Euro-Asiatic distribution was reported to live on several species belonging to the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F3111F11669BBABE8A34ACBE" box="[440,540,188,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lathyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F11669BBABE8A34ACBE" box="[440,540,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lathyrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F3111F11650DBABE8A89ACBE" box="[558,673,188,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Phaseolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F11650DBABE8A89ACBE" box="[558,673,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phaseolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F3111F116597BABF8AD2ACBF" box="[692,762,189,212]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pisum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116597BABF8AD2ACBF" box="[692,762,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pisum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F3111F11641ABABF8B5AACBF" box="[825,882,189,212]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F11641ABABF8B5AACBF" box="[825,882,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Vicia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F3111F1164A6BABE8C68ACBE" author="Hoffmann, A." box="[901,1088,188,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="487 - 1207" refId="ref38434" refString="Hoffmann, A. (1954) Coleopteres Curculionides (deuxieme partie). Faune de France, 59, 487 - 1207." type="journal article" year="1954">Hoffmann 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F3111F116372BABE8CC8ACBE" author="Scherf, H." box="[1105,1248,188,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 335" refId="ref39120" refString="Scherf, H. (1964) Die Entwicklungsstadien der mitteleuropaischen Curculioniden (Morphologie, Bionomie, Okologie). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 506, 1 - 335." type="journal article" year="1964">Scherf 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F3111F1163D2BABE8DB8ACBE" author="Caldara, R." box="[1265,1424,188,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="51 - 218" refId="ref37273" refString="Caldara, R. (1990) Revisione tassonomica delle specie paleartiche del genere Tychius Germar (Coleoptera Curculionidae). Memorie della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 25, 51 - 218." type="journal article" year="1990">Caldara 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which produce large pods. Larva and pupa were described synthetically by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F3111F116327BADD8C8CAC93" author="Scherf, H." box="[1028,1188,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 335" refId="ref39120" refString="Scherf, H. (1964) Die Entwicklungsstadien der mitteleuropaischen Curculioniden (Morphologie, Bionomie, Okologie). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 506, 1 - 335." type="journal article" year="1964">Scherf (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, whereas
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F3111F11623ABADD88C9AD76" author="Clark, W. E. & Burke, H. R. & Anderson, D. M." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="626 - 654" refId="ref37833" refString="Clark, W. E., Burke, H. R. & Anderson, D. M. (1978) The genus Tychius Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): larvae and pupae of some species, with evaluation of their characters in phylogenetic analysis. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 80, 626 - 654." type="journal article" year="1978">
|
||
Clark
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116242BAE38DB4AC93" box="[1377,1436,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1978)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
redescribed the larva in more details. The description by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F3111F116457BB068C6FAD76" author="Clark, W. E. & Burke, H. R. & Anderson, D. M." box="[884,1095,260,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="626 - 654" refId="ref37833" refString="Clark, W. E., Burke, H. R. & Anderson, D. M. (1978) The genus Tychius Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): larvae and pupae of some species, with evaluation of their characters in phylogenetic analysis. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 80, 626 - 654." type="journal article" year="1978">
|
||
Clark
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116498BB078BDCAD76" box="[955,1012,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1978)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
does not correspond partly to our study; (1) head width:
|
||
<quantity id="E90A9B61F3111F1166E2BB258A4CAD54" box="[449,612,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.265" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.23" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="1.265" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.23">1.23–1.30 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="E90A9B61F3111F1165B1BB258B1DAD54" box="[658,821,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" metricValueMax="8.1" metricValueMin="7.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="0.77" valueMax="0.81" valueMin="0.73">0.73–0.81 mm</quantity>
|
||
in our study; (2) pronotum with 5 long setae, 2 shorter setae and 1 microseta, whereas we observed only 6 long setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |