482 lines
52 KiB
XML
482 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="3054F663FD1720FFA34127B5657622DB" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.171153" ID-GBIF-Dataset="33181367-eefc-4e3a-90f2-ca6390420139" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="171153" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459718880902" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="O’Hara, James E." docDate="2005" docId="7E6C879C330C945DFE97FC522245FC1C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00938.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 938" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Hemisturmia parva Bigot 1889" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="8255FFE4331B9445FF9FFF972675FFC2" masterDocTitle="A review of the tachinid parasitoids (Diptera: Tachinidae) of Nearctic Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), with keys to adults and puparia" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1698208646016" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F36C4B1CF52EA8DFC512BE4F34598A16">
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<mods:title id="93B4EA61D48E843624EFB7CF50D9826D">A review of the tachinid parasitoids (Diptera: Tachinidae) of Nearctic Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), with keys to adults and puparia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="5C685C02B099F1FEFAB3D996FBADF682" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CF1130A820CE3CD4B6F33C00B6DAB0BB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4139E8635253435107384B74503E7658">O’Hara, James E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7F522B5C988F7C5D8D62C59368C5485B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F92CFB9639466ADF19509E88DEE6A10A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="FD37936E20D865DC77F264EE1819AD67">
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<mods:date id="3198DD2F8BEDB998749BC372F07BF809">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="EE4C141AFA5E998B1B9C4E69C18E3087" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="B5FE293126B2EC4C8F9308660578B65F">938</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="A36D4836306885D4BB9304232DDB0A2F" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="93D7913BD5C35D6943D3DEA2DBBEA198">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="84D34705CC2354D7F6F3C4E34C352BA0">46</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="4D2DAAE378FE78CD86FFF4EBF4718984">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="71937ECAA8F7FC983EBC2E16175C7E44" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.171153</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5745AEBB65A89586BCE350CF95F75D66" type="GBIF-Dataset">33181367-eefc-4e3a-90f2-ca6390420139</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="800CF2D9B61D449B7C5F823A5B15CFC2" type="ISSN">11755326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CC1853A8E91C0F8415AC84708A2C1B3A" type="Zenodo-Dep">171153</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="7E6C879C330C945DFE97FC522245FC1C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6265508" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119335196" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6265508" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E6C879C330C945DFE97FC522245FC1C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E6C879C330C945DFE97FC522245FC1C" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection id="BEDF6501330C9452FE97FC522211FB8A" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="F67A368A330C9452FE97FC522488FC1D" blockId="23.[264,765,965,991]" box="[264,765,965,991]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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||
<heading id="AD3281E6330C9452FE97FC522488FC1D" bold="true" box="[264,765,965,991]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FE97FC522488FC1D" bold="true" box="[264,765,965,991]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FE97FC5224EEFC1D" ID-CoL="3KT3C" authority="Bigot, 1889" authorityName="Bigot" authorityYear="1889" box="[264,667,965,991]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Hemisturmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FE97FC522786FC1D" bold="true" box="[264,499,965,991]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Hemisturmia parva</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FD9CFC5224E6FC1D" author="Bigot" box="[515,659,965,991]" pageId="23" pageNumber="40" refString="Bigot, J. - M. - F. (1889) Dipteres nouveaux ou peu connus. 34 e partie. XLII. Diagnoses de nouvelles especes. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Serie 6, 8, 253 - 270." type="journal article" year="1889">Bigot, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<figureCitation id="6EFE2A0F330C9452FD36FC522488FC1D" box="[681,765,965,991]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 48. 43" captionStartId="32.[264,382,1805,1829]" captionTargetBox="[294,1308,329,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[264,1323,315,1778]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 48. 43. Habitus images. Hemisturmia parva. 44. Hyphantrophaga virilis. 45. Lypha fumipennis. 46. Madremyia saundersii. 47. Nemorilla pyste. 48. Nilea erecta." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171161/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F67A368A330C9452FE97FB872211FB8A" blockId="23.[264,1323,1040,1704]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FE97FB87257DFBEA" bold="true" box="[264,776,1040,1064]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Host records ex.
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FE48FB87257DFBEA" authority="Dowden et al. 1951" authorityName="Dowden et al." authorityYear="1951" box="[471,776,1040,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FE48FB87248AFBEA" bold="true" box="[471,767,1040,1064]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Choristoneura fumiferana</emphasis>
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:
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FC8BFB86258CFBEA" author="Dowden" box="[788,1017,1041,1064]" pageId="23" pageNumber="41" refString="Dowden, P. B., Carolin, V. M. & Dirks, C. O. (1951) Natural control factors affecting the spruce budworm in the Adirondacks during 1946 - 1948. Journal of Economic Entomology, 43 (1950), 774 - 783." type="journal article" year="1951">
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Dowden
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FCE4FB8625C3FBEA" box="[891,950,1041,1064]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
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1951
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</bibRefCitation>
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, as
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FBB3FB86228AFBEA" box="[1068,1279,1041,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phorocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortricis">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FBB3FB86228AFBEA" box="[1068,1279,1041,1064]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Phorocera tortricis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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ex.
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FEA7FBA62470FB8A" box="[312,517,1073,1096]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FEA7FBA62470FB8A" box="[312,517,1073,1096]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Archips fumiferana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(NY);
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<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FDCCFBA62565FB8A" author="Huber" box="[595,784,1073,1096]" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" refString="Huber, J. T., Eveleigh, E., Pollock, S. & McCarthy, P. (1996) The chalcidoid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in America north of Mexico. Canadian Entomologist, 128, 1167 - 1220." type="journal article" year="1996">
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Huber
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FD03FBA624A7FB8A" box="[668,722,1073,1096]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
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1996
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</bibRefCitation>
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, as
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FCA8FBA6226AFB8A" box="[823,1055,1073,1096]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Hemisturmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortricis">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FCA8FBA6226AFB8A" box="[823,1055,1073,1096]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Hemisturmia tortricis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(NB).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BEDF6501330C9452FE97FBC725EFF96A" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
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<paragraph id="F67A368A330C9452FE97FBC72500FB4A" blockId="23.[264,1323,1040,1704]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FE97FBC722F5FBAA" bold="true" box="[264,1152,1104,1128]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Host records ex.
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FE53FBC72485FBAA" box="[460,752,1104,1128]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FE53FBC72485FBAA" bold="true" box="[460,752,1104,1128]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Choristoneura fumiferana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and/or
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FCD2FBC72202FBAA" box="[845,1143,1104,1128]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FCD2FBC72202FBAA" bold="true" box="[845,1143,1104,1128]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Choristoneura occidentalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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</emphasis>
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†
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<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FB0BFBC62353FBAA" author="Arnaud" box="[1172,1318,1105,1128]" pageId="23" pageNumber="39" refString="Arnaud, P. H., Jr. (1978) A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 1319, 860 pp." type="book" year="1978">Arnaud 1978</bibRefCitation>
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, as
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FECAFBE62448FB4A" box="[341,573,1137,1160]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Hemisturmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortricis">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FECAFBE62448FB4A" box="[341,573,1137,1160]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Hemisturmia tortricis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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ex.
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FDF5FBE6248BFB4A" box="[618,766,1137,1160]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FDF5FBE6248BFB4A" box="[618,766,1137,1160]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(BC, NY).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F67A368A330C9452FE97FB07228EFB0A" blockId="23.[264,1323,1040,1704]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FE97FB07270BFB0A" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Host records ex.
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FE52FB072487FB6A" box="[461,754,1168,1192]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FE52FB072487FB6A" bold="true" box="[461,754,1168,1192]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Choristoneura fumiferana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FC9DFB072258FB6A" box="[770,1069,1168,1192]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FC9DFB072258FB6A" bold="true" box="[770,1069,1168,1192]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Choristoneura occidentalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and/or
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FB14FB072701FB0A" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinus">
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FB14FB072701FB0A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Choristoneura pinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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</emphasis>
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†
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<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FE0FFB262471FB0A" author="Ross" box="[400,516,1201,1224]" pageId="23" pageNumber="44" refString="Ross, D. A. (1952) Key to the puparia of the dipterous parasites of Choristoneura fumiferana Clem. Canadian Entomologist, 84, 108 - 112." type="journal article" year="1952">Ross 1952</bibRefCitation>
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, as
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FDB3FB26248FFB0A" box="[556,762,1201,1224]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phorocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortricis">
|
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FDB3FB26248FFB0A" box="[556,762,1201,1224]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Phorocera tortricis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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ex. spruce and/or jack pine budworm (
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<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330C9452FB05FB262285FB0A" box="[1178,1264,1201,1224]" name="Canada" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Canada</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F67A368A330C9452FE97FB472701FACA" blockId="23.[264,1323,1040,1704]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FE97FB472570FB2A" bold="true" box="[264,773,1232,1256]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
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Host records ex.
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<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FE4FFB472570FB2A" authority="Harris & Dawson 1979" authorityName="Harris & Dawson" authorityYear="1979" box="[464,773,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
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<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FE4FFB47248EFB2A" bold="true" box="[464,763,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Choristoneura occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FC91FB462267FB2A" author="Harris" box="[782,1042,1233,1256]" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" refString="Harris, J. W. E. & Dawson, A. F. (1979) Parasitoids of the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in British Columbia 1977 - 78. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 76, 30 - 38." type="journal article" year="1979">Harris & Dawson 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FBDFFB46235FFB2A" box="[1088,1322,1233,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Hemisturmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortricis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FBDFFB46235FFB2A" box="[1088,1322,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Hemisturmia tortricis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A330C9452FE97FA87229AFA8A" blockId="23.[264,1323,1040,1704]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FE97FA87251DFAEA" bold="true" box="[264,872,1296,1320]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Host records probably ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FDA9FA87251DFAEA" authority="Wilkes et al. 1949" authorityName="Wilkes et al." authorityYear="1949" box="[566,872,1296,1320]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FDA9FA87252AFAEA" bold="true" box="[566,863,1296,1320]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Choristoneura occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Wilkes
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FC5FFA862583FAEA" box="[960,1014,1297,1320]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1949, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FBC3FA86235EFAEA" box="[1116,1323,1297,1320]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phorocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortricis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FBC3FA86235EFAEA" box="[1116,1323,1297,1320]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Phorocera tortricis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FEC0FAA62786FA8A" box="[351,499,1329,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FEC0FAA62786FA8A" box="[351,499,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BC); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FDD8FAA624A3FA8A" author="Coppel" box="[583,726,1329,1352]" pageId="23" pageNumber="40" refString="Coppel, H. C. (1960) Key to adults of dipterous parasites of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 53, 94 - 97." type="journal article" year="1960">Coppel 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FD62FAA6259EFA8A" box="[765,1003,1329,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Ceratochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortricis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FD62FAA6259EFA8A" box="[765,1003,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ceratochaeta tortricis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FB87FAA622D9FA8A" box="[1048,1196,1329,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FB87FAA622D9FA8A" box="[1048,1196,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A330C9452FE97FAC724B1FA4A" blockId="23.[264,1323,1040,1704]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FE97FAC7220BFAAA" bold="true" box="[264,1150,1360,1384]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Host records ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FE4AFAC72577FAAA" box="[469,770,1360,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FE4AFAC72577FAAA" bold="true" box="[469,770,1360,1384]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Choristoneura occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and/or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FCFAFAC7220BFAAA" authority="Schaupp et al. 1991" authorityName="Schaupp et al." authorityYear="1991" box="[869,1150,1360,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="retiniana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FCFAFAC72200FAAA" bold="true" box="[869,1141,1360,1384]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Choristoneura retiniana</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FB16FAC62705FA4A" author="Schaupp" pageId="23" pageNumber="45" refString="Schaupp, W. C. Jr., Volney, W. J. A. & Waters, W. E. (1991) Parasitoids of endemic and epidemic populations of Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman and Choristoneura retiniana (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in southern Oregon. Canadian Entomologist, 123, 1095 - 1102." type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
Schaupp
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FB6FFAC6235EFAAA" box="[1264,1323,1361,1384]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FE07FAE624F5FA4A" box="[408,640,1393,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Hemisturmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortricis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FE07FAE624F5FA4A" box="[408,640,1393,1416]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Hemisturmia tortricis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(OR).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A330C9452FE97FA072414FA2A" blockId="23.[264,1323,1040,1704]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FE97FA0724B6FA6A" bold="true" box="[264,707,1424,1448]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Host records ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FE4DFA0724B6FA6A" authority="Dixon & Benjamin 1963" authorityName="Dixon & Benjamin" authorityYear="1963" box="[466,707,1424,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FE4DFA0724CFFA6A" bold="true" box="[466,698,1424,1448]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Choristoneura pinus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FD52FA062591FA6A" author="Dixon" box="[717,996,1425,1448]" pageId="23" pageNumber="41" refString="Dixon, J. C. & Benjamin, D. M. (1963) Natural control factors associated with the jack-pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus. Journal of Economic Entomology, 56, 266 - 270." type="journal article" year="1963">Dixon & Benjamin 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FB8CFA062290FA6A" box="[1043,1253,1425,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phorocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortricis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FB8CFA062290FA6A" box="[1043,1253,1425,1448]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Phorocera tortricis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WI); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FEDCFA2627A2FA0A" author="Arnaud" box="[323,471,1457,1480]" pageId="23" pageNumber="39" refString="Arnaud, P. H., Jr. (1978) A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 1319, 860 pp." type="book" year="1978">Arnaud 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FD9AFA262485FA0A" box="[517,752,1457,1480]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Hemisturmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortricis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FD9AFA262485FA0A" box="[517,752,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Hemisturmia tortricis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WI); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FCD6FA262267FA0A" author="Huber" box="[841,1042,1457,1480]" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" refString="Huber, J. T., Eveleigh, E., Pollock, S. & McCarthy, P. (1996) The chalcidoid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in America north of Mexico. Canadian Entomologist, 128, 1167 - 1220." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Huber
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FC07FA2625A4FA0A" box="[920,977,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FBDFFA26235FFA0A" box="[1088,1322,1457,1480]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Hemisturmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortricis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FBDFFA26235FFA0A" box="[1088,1322,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Hemisturmia tortricis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330C9452FEA0FA4627E8FA2A" box="[319,413,1489,1512]" name="United States of America" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330C9452FE60FA462420FA2A" box="[511,597,1489,1512]" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A330C9452FE97FA6722EEF9AA" blockId="23.[264,1323,1040,1704]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FE97FA67248BF9CA" bold="true" box="[264,766,1520,1544]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Host records ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FE47FA67248BF9CA" authority="Schuh & Mote 1948" authorityName="Schuh & Mote" authorityYear="1948" box="[472,766,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FE47FA672481F9CA" bold="true" box="[472,756,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Choristoneura rosaceana</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FC94FA66258DF9CA" author="Schuh" box="[779,1016,1521,1544]" pageId="23" pageNumber="45" refString="Schuh, J. & Mote, D. C. (1948) The oblique-banded leaf roller on red raspberries [Archips rosaceana (Harris)]. Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station, Technical Bulletin, 13, 1 - 43." type="journal article" year="1948">Schuh & Mote 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FBB4FA66228BF9CA" box="[1067,1278,1521,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phorocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortricis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FBB4FA66228BF9CA" box="[1067,1278,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Phorocera tortricis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FEA7F986278BF9EA" box="[312,510,1553,1576]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FEA7F986278BF9EA" box="[312,510,1553,1576]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Archips rosaceana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(OR); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FDCAF9862493F9EA" author="Arnaud" box="[597,742,1553,1576]" pageId="23" pageNumber="39" refString="Arnaud, P. H., Jr. (1978) A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 1319, 860 pp." type="book" year="1978">Arnaud 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FC92F9862580F9EA" box="[781,1013,1553,1576]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Hemisturmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortricis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FC92F9862580F9EA" box="[781,1013,1553,1576]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Hemisturmia tortricis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(OR); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FBD5F986237FF9EA" author="Huber" box="[1098,1290,1553,1576]" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" refString="Huber, J. T., Eveleigh, E., Pollock, S. & McCarthy, P. (1996) The chalcidoid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in America north of Mexico. Canadian Entomologist, 128, 1167 - 1220." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Huber
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FB09F98622B9F9EA" box="[1174,1228,1553,1576]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FEA7F9A62451F98A" box="[312,548,1585,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Hemisturmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortricis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FEA7F9A62451F98A" box="[312,548,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Hemisturmia tortricis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330C9452FDA9F9A624E1F98A" box="[566,660,1585,1608]" name="United States of America" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330C9452FC9CF9A6252CF98A" box="[771,857,1585,1608]" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FCF0F9A6227BF98A" author="Li" box="[879,1038,1585,1608]" pageId="23" pageNumber="43" refString="Li, S. Y., Fitzpatrick, S. M., Troubridge, J. T., Sharkey, M. J., Barron, J. R. & O'Hara, J. E. (1999) Parasitoids reared from the obliquebanded leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) infesting raspberries. Canadian Entomologist, 131, 399 - 404." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Li
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FC0DF9A625B9F98A" box="[914,972,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FBA1F9A6235FF98A" box="[1086,1322,1585,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Hemisturmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortricis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FBA1F9A6235FF98A" box="[1086,1322,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Hemisturmia tortricis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BC); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FE18F9C6246EF9AA" author="Li" box="[391,539,1617,1640]" pageId="23" pageNumber="43" refString="Li, S. Y., Fitzpatrick, S. M., Hueppelsheuser, T., Cossentine, J. E. & Vincent, C. (2002) Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), obliquebanded leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). In: Mason, P. G. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.), Biological control programmes in Canada, 1981 - 2000. CABI Publishing, Wallingford and New York, pp. 78 - 83." type="book chapter" year="2002">
|
||
Li
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FE38F9C627A8F9AA" box="[423,477,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FDDCF9C6255EF9AA" box="[579,811,1617,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Hemisturmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortricis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FDDCF9C6255EF9AA" box="[579,811,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Hemisturmia tortricis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BC);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FCEBF9C6222FF9AA" author="Wilkinson" box="[884,1114,1617,1640]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" refString="Wilkinson, T. K., Landis, D. A. & Gut, L. J. (2004) Parasitism of obliquebanded leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in commercially managed Michigan apple orchards. Journal of Economic Entomology, 97, 1524 - 1530." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Wilkinson
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FC76F9C6226AF9AA" box="[1001,1055,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(MI).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A330C9452FE97F9E725EFF96A" blockId="23.[264,1323,1040,1704]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FE97F9E72256F94A" bold="true" box="[264,1059,1648,1672]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Host records ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FE4CF9E7249BF94A" box="[467,750,1648,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FE4CF9E7249BF94A" bold="true" box="[467,750,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Choristoneura rosaceana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and/or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FCD0F9E72256F94A" authority="Vakenti et al. 2001" authorityName="Vakenti et al." authorityYear="2001" box="[847,1059,1648,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Pandemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limitata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FCD0F9E7226CF94A" bold="true" box="[847,1049,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Pandemis limitata</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FBB2F9E62370F94A" author="Vakenti" box="[1069,1285,1649,1672]" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" refString="Vakenti, J. M., Cossentine, J. E., Cooper, B. E., Sharkey, M. J., Yoshimoto, C. M. & Jensen, L. B. M. (2001) Host-plant range and parasitoids of obliquebanded and three-lined leafrollers (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Canadian Entomologist, 133, 139 - 146." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Vakenti
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FB16F9E622B6F94A" box="[1161,1219,1649,1672]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FEA7F9062455F96A" box="[312,544,1681,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Hemisturmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortricis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FEA7F9062455F96A" box="[312,544,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Hemisturmia tortricis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BC);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FDF5F9062522F96A" author="Cossentine" box="[618,855,1681,1704]" pageId="23" pageNumber="41" refString="Cossentine, J., Jensen, L., Deglow, E., Bennett, A., Goulet, H., Huber, J. & O'Hara, J. (2004) The parasitoid complex affecting Choristoneura rosaceana and Pandemis limitata in organically managed apple orchards. BioControl, 49, 359 - 372." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Cossentine
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FD7AF906256EF96A" box="[741,795,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(BC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BEDF6501330C945DFE97F9462245FC1C" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A330C945DFE97F9462548FE44" blockId="23.[264,1323,1745,1891]" lastBlockId="24.[264,1324,284,990]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FE97F9462784F928" ID-CoL="3KT3C" box="[264,497,1745,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Hemisturmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FE97F9462784F928" box="[264,497,1745,1770]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Hemisturmia parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found throughout most of the forested regions of North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A330C9452FB59F946235EF929" box="[1222,1323,1745,1771]" name="United States of America" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B330C9452FE8FF96E246FF8D1" author="O'Hara" box="[272,538,1785,1811]" pageId="23" pageNumber="44" refString="O'Hara, J. E. & Wood, D. M. (2004) Catalogue of the Tachinidae (Diptera) of America north of Mexico. Memoirs on Entomology, International, 18, 410 pp." type="book" year="2004">O’Hara & Wood 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Adults are generally 5–7.5mm long, rather dark coloured, with an exceptionally large eye, a striped or black thorax, mostly orange scutellum, and banded or mottled abdomen.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D09330C9452FE77F8DE24A5F8A0" ID-CoL="3KT3C" box="[488,720,1865,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Hemisturmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA98330C9452FE77F8DE24A5F8A0" box="[488,720,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Hemisturmia parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was included in a key to the puparia of dipterous parasitoids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093303945DFE32FE8B242DFEF7" ID-CoL="925CM" box="[429,600,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983303945DFE32FE8B242DFEF7" box="[429,600,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Choristoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3303945DFD41FE8B220FFEF4" author="Ross" box="[734,1146,284,310]" pageId="24" pageNumber="44" refString="Ross, D. A. (1952) Key to the puparia of the dipterous parasites of Choristoneura fumiferana Clem. Canadian Entomologist, 84, 108 - 112." type="journal article" year="1952">
|
||
Ross (1952, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093303945DFC10FE8B2205FEF7" ID-CoL="88XQT" box="[911,1136,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phorocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortricis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983303945DFC10FE8B2205FEF7" box="[911,1136,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Phorocera tortricis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and in a key to the adults of dipterous parasitoids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093303945DFD5FFED32504FE9F" ID-CoL="5YCYL" box="[704,881,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983303945DFD5FFED32504FE9F" box="[704,881,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093303945DFC3BFED32232FE9F" ID-CoL="5YD8Z" box="[932,1095,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983303945DFC3BFED32232FE9F" box="[932,1095,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A3303945DFB4EFED32759FE44" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3303945DFEC7FEFB254DFE44" author="Coppel" box="[344,824,364,390]" pageId="24" pageNumber="40" refString="Coppel, H. C. (1960) Key to adults of dipterous parasites of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 53, 94 - 97." type="journal article" year="1960">
|
||
Coppel (1960, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093303945DFDB8FEFB255EFE47" box="[551,811,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Ceratochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortricis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983303945DFDB8FEFB255EFE47" box="[551,811,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ceratochaeta tortricis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A3303945DFEA7FE03272FFCA4" blockId="24.[264,1324,284,990]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093303945DFEA7FE0327A4FE6F" ID-CoL="637B6" box="[312,465,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Hemisturmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983303945DFEA7FE0327A4FE6F" box="[312,465,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hemisturmia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to the Winthemiini, a tribe in which the females oviposit unincubated eggs directly on a host (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3303945DFDEEFE2B2575FE14" author="Wood" box="[625,768,444,470]" pageId="24" pageNumber="46" refString="Wood, D. M. (1987) Tachinidae. In: McAlpine, J. F., Peterson, B. V., Shewell, G. E., Teskey, H. J., Vockeroth, J. R. & Wood, D. M. (Eds.), Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Volume 2. Agriculture Canada Monograph, 28, 1193 - 1269." type="journal article" year="1987">Wood 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The first instar probably develops within the egg for several days, then exits the egg and burrows into the host.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093303945DFBDDFE73235EFE3F" ID-CoL="3KT3C" box="[1090,1323,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Hemisturmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983303945DFBDDFE73235EFE3F" box="[1090,1323,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hemisturmia parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
attacks late instar larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093303945DFDD7FD9B2486FDE7" ID-CoL="925CM" box="[584,755,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983303945DFDD7FD9B2486FDE7" box="[584,755,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Choristoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and emerges from the larva or, more commonly, the pupa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3303945DFEE2FDA32406FD8C" author="Schuh" box="[381,627,564,590]" pageId="24" pageNumber="45" refString="Schuh, J. & Mote, D. C. (1948) The oblique-banded leaf roller on red raspberries [Archips rosaceana (Harris)]. Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station, Technical Bulletin, 13, 1 - 43." type="journal article" year="1948">Schuh & Mote 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3303945DFD1FFDA325E3FD8C" author="Harris" box="[640,918,564,590]" pageId="24" pageNumber="42" refString="Harris, J. W. E. & Dawson, A. F. (1979) Parasitoids of the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in British Columbia 1977 - 78. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 76, 30 - 38." type="journal article" year="1979">Harris & Dawson 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3303945DFC3CFDA32233FD8C" author="Li" box="[931,1094,564,590]" pageId="24" pageNumber="43" refString="Li, S. Y., Fitzpatrick, S. M., Troubridge, J. T., Sharkey, M. J., Barron, J. R. & O'Hara, J. E. (1999) Parasitoids reared from the obliquebanded leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) infesting raspberries. Canadian Entomologist, 131, 399 - 404." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Li
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983303945DFC5BFDA32275FD8F" box="[964,1024,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It has at least two generations per year and its method of overwintering is not known (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3303945DFB80FDCB22ACFDB4" author="Schaffner" box="[1055,1241,604,630]" pageId="24" pageNumber="45" refString="Schaffner, J. V., Jr. (1959) Microlepidoptera and their parasites reared from field collections in the northeastern United States. United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 767, iv + 97 pp." type="book" year="1959">Schaffner 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Parasitism rates are rarely above 1% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093303945DFD37FD132526FD5F" ID-CoL="925CM" box="[680,851,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983303945DFD37FD132526FD5F" box="[680,851,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Choristoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3303945DFC20FD13229CFD5C" author="Dixon" box="[959,1257,644,670]" pageId="24" pageNumber="41" refString="Dixon, J. C. & Benjamin, D. M. (1963) Natural control factors associated with the jack-pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus. Journal of Economic Entomology, 56, 266 - 270." type="journal article" year="1963">Dixon & Benjamin 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3303945DFB69FD13278EFD04" author="Harris" pageId="24" pageNumber="42" refString="Harris, J. W. E. & Dawson, A. F. (1979) Parasitoids of the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in British Columbia 1977 - 78. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 76, 30 - 38." type="journal article" year="1979">Harris & Dawson 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3303945DFD94FD3B2577FD04" author="Schaupp" box="[523,770,684,710]" pageId="24" pageNumber="45" refString="Schaupp, W. C. Jr., Volney, W. J. A. & Waters, W. E. (1991) Parasitoids of endemic and epidemic populations of Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman and Choristoneura retiniana (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in southern Oregon. Canadian Entomologist, 123, 1095 - 1102." type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
Schaupp
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983303945DFDE4FD3B24CCFD07" box="[635,697,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3303945DFC8EFD3B25CBFD04" author="Li" box="[785,958,684,710]" pageId="24" pageNumber="43" refString="Li, S. Y., Fitzpatrick, S. M., Troubridge, J. T., Sharkey, M. J., Barron, J. R. & O'Hara, J. E. (1999) Parasitoids reared from the obliquebanded leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) infesting raspberries. Canadian Entomologist, 131, 399 - 404." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Li
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983303945DFCA9FD3B2500FD07" box="[822,885,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Wilkes
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983303945DFBACFD3B2204FD07" box="[1075,1137,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1949) did not include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093303945DFEF4FD4327A2FD2F" ID-CoL="3KT3C" box="[363,471,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Hemisturmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983303945DFEF4FD4327A2FD2F" box="[363,471,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">H. parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093303945DFD8DFD43248CFD2F" ID-CoL="88XQT" box="[530,761,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phorocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortricis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983303945DFD8DFD43248CFD2F" box="[530,761,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Phorocera tortricis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) among the 15 dominant hymenopterous and dipterous parasitoids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093303945DFDBAFD6B24A3FCD7" ID-CoL="5YCYL" box="[549,726,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983303945DFDBAFD6B24A3FCD7" box="[549,726,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093303945DFC98FD6B25DEFCD7" ID-CoL="5YD8Z" box="[775,939,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983303945DFC98FD6B25DEFCD7" box="[775,939,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A3303945DFBABFD6B22DFFCD4" box="[1076,1194,764,790]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3303945DFB76FD6B2477FCFC" author="Tilles" pageId="24" pageNumber="45" refString="Tilles, D. A. & Woodley, N. E. (1984) Spruce budworm parasites in Maine: a reference manual for collection and identification of common species. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Cooperative State Research Service, Agriculture Handbook, 616, 35 pp." type="book" year="1984">Tilles and Woodley (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
excluded it from their manual of spruce budworm parasitoids in Maine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A3303945DFEA7FCE32245FC1C" blockId="24.[264,1324,284,990]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093303945DFEA7FCE3246EFC4F" ID-CoL="3KT3C" box="[312,539,884,909]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Hemisturmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983303945DFEA7FCE3246EFC4F" box="[312,539,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hemisturmia parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recorded from more than ten species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093303945DFB96FCE322FCFC4C" ID-CoL="HBJ" box="[1033,1161,884,910]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tortricidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a species each in the families
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093303945DFDBEFC0B2484FC74" ID-CoL="623KR" box="[545,753,924,950]" class="Insecta" family="Glyphipterigidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Glyphipterygidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093303945DFC98FC0B25DDFC74" ID-CoL="DGC" box="[775,936,924,950]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093303945DFC20FC0B2213FC74" ID-CoL="8TLBR" box="[959,1126,924,950]" class="Insecta" family="Pterophoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pterophoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093303945DFB25FC0B235CFC74" ID-CoL="FG2" box="[1210,1321,924,950]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pyralidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3303945DFE8FFC5327DBFC1C" author="Arnaud" box="[272,430,964,990]" pageId="24" pageNumber="39" refString="Arnaud, P. H., Jr. (1978) A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 1319, 860 pp." type="book" year="1978">Arnaud 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093303945DFE45FC53242EFC1F" ID-CoL="88XQT" box="[474,603,964,989]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phorocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortricis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983303945DFE45FC53242EFC1F" box="[474,603,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">H. tortricis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3303945DFDF3FC532504FC1C" author="Fitzpatrick" box="[620,881,964,990]" pageId="24" pageNumber="42" refString="Fitzpatrick, S. M., Troubridge, J. T. & Maurice, C. (1994) Parasitoids of blackheaded fireworm (Rhopobota naevana Hbn.) larvae on cranberries, and larval escape behaviour. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 91, 73 - 74." type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
Fitzpatrick
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983303945DFD6DFC532558FC1F" box="[754,813,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093303945DFC02FC53226BFC1F" ID-CoL="88XQT" box="[925,1054,964,989]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phorocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortricis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983303945DFC02FC53226BFC1F" box="[925,1054,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">H. tortricis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |