516 lines
92 KiB
XML
516 lines
92 KiB
XML
<document id="4F593241D140C2EB75D91B348FA17A32" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4261.1.1SLASH10958" ID-CLB-Dataset="33106" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.571608" ID-GBIF-Dataset="06d40acc-4fc2-4de6-9aab-96f3776ef44c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="571608" ID-ZooBank="C097C43E-D522-46C4-9D64-76D3CD4BAD86" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1493970500952" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Takaoka, Hiroyuki, Sofian-Azirun, Mohd, Ya’Cob, Zubaidah, Chen, Chee Dhang, Lau, Koon Weng, Low, Van Lun, Pham, Xuan Da & Adler, Peter H." docDate="2017" docId="7E4B87AFB10AA242FF2BFC30FDCCF942" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4261.1.1SLASH10958.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4261 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum Takaoka & Sofian-Azirun, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="8272FFD7B136A202FFBCFFCCFF96FFDA" masterDocTitle="The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam" masterLastPageNumber="165" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1698439275578" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="627E14FDB49EBC59F548C2F7B7898702" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="68A3F5536169C7EC118C368E0A0B28F2">
|
||
<mods:title id="9947438EF0CF2A28D7ECA05C835EAB97">The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="DC58B97669C4AE4E05514B5B8CCC7A62" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="7AD660BC4E83A45ED8F0332CC8430F8A">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="62AEB18A7C280C250D17AE060B6D6EF0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="52897AA91E21EB2C3FD27A184D58D6AD">Takaoka, Hiroyuki</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="095749EC0572AA67B03047F294CA35C4" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="99705B0FF21A59B13D33DE7DD7AECEA7">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="4B8F0A342304A07E63D02085A62BA898">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="12146699CF66F45691808EF06E551810">Sofian-Azirun, Mohd</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="693CC94D027166EB813C5E101F9CB3B7" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="A54242EEB0A4FEFB80F1D7C1F7478097">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="1BA04AB8C44B18396DC58F2B49B6FD90">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="48DA58744CD5B7F6EDB9DE6E2E3DFB42">Ya’Cob, Zubaidah</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="108CFA07F31B1D4AED7E41820DBDDAE2" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="79A784BF52C914EAB18865103664E3C0">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="D513B98ADF76C1F7D9BE2B1BC12BDC70">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="112E92BF8A279E6E8F487AB347FCF9CD">Chen, Chee Dhang</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="18C4F932723C6F01B4616B0B259F8359" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="80924D9B8B19C78A56263DAC3AD341AD">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="72688AAA45F38658D0CFA6A47E2DE8F7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="B970433EFDA05E080ED314DDEEAB36BA">Lau, Koon Weng</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="0F43E79C18511EB60BC70810DB126757" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="4DC28B9F918CF09C4C1A04EBD27FFD05">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="F5DCDF35E4DF1B8F4AEC6369FCCD8F47">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="8FC629B7200F47D6F7A806720BAF7F0C">Low, Van Lun</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="C541DFD439C85E523D1A073F6FA0F8F6" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="BAEEDB2FA8054EF634288220FE10A485">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="19DD51EF97C90E021479FD91C06BBC22">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="6ECA6BC115CE09872D9557CD35DD0F3A">Pham, Xuan Da</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="00BFB931EE44321D335BC23EEBF59CEA" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="04FEE14707D772D7F0DA1585F48E0AFC">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="227A90C6847A1DDF04DAB3EA69953A20">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="8B3C158C00C56441A3B44383E1989DA8">Adler, Peter H.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="8E7817E0E0E268D37A3AC452723DCA3D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="6A3992BFB842DF45B5D2EA26A003E442" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="4FD983677FB071BAE60C2D1964ED33E8">
|
||
<mods:title id="02B4C7AC7B6E587FE442B6D249F72A23">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="34D549EB6973A8C42E202E0769868F06">
|
||
<mods:date id="C976E898CDF8E065281B64CD131C6737">2017</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="71A37EBCFAE31E238D2E19BEB3075B6F" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="AB5811E2BCD446E7E96F4F0892E71258">4261</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="07DF71436EC811E95D4A35DE0226FA26" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="C2528146939E96D60F7E4FE677CB74B6">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="1B7B0581FB0A8244A41B33A349503630" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="A487FAE6E5988627C72F53EDA44AEB53">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="9E307ACE91EAF50259D545F49316E9FD">165</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="D65EAEF91B50B80918CF4470F6ECC396">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="FA7095C69855F977A3F719E58BEC0E63" type="CLB-Dataset">33106</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="28923534F5EFEDCCA60E2F2E3E1A9FF3" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.571608</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A6E4626B22641FAC7CD036AF505CC02B" type="GBIF-Dataset">06d40acc-4fc2-4de6-9aab-96f3776ef44c</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="0B5472E7B920839E2946CFE218E191A0" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="CB69037C86F861E580C28A1C6097093A" type="Zenodo-Dep">571608</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="1F6880CFECA8D61E8F01E0C7C58E5467" type="ZooBank">C097C43E-D522-46C4-9D64-76D3CD4BAD86</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="7E4B87AFB10AA242FF2BFC30FDCCF942" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927527" ID-GBIF-Taxon="128848507" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4927527" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E4B87AFB10AA242FF2BFC30FDCCF942" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E4B87AFB10AA242FF2BFC30FDCCF942" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<subSubSection id="BEF86532B10AA23EFF2BFC30FB88FBCC" box="[151,1054,1020,1046]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="F65D36B9B10AA23EFF2BFC30FB88FBCC" blockId="60.[151,1054,1020,1046]" box="[151,1054,1020,1046]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<heading id="AD1581D5B10AA23EFF2BFC30FB88FBCC" bold="true" box="[151,1054,1020,1046]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB10AA23EFF2BFC30FB88FBCC" bold="true" box="[151,1054,1020,1046]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB10AA23EFF2BFC30FC2CFBCC" authority="Takaoka & Sofian-Azirun" authorityName="Takaoka & Sofian-Azirun" box="[151,954,1020,1046]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrofilum" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Montisimulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB10AA23EFF2BFC30FE99FBCC" bold="true" box="[151,271,1020,1046]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Simulium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB10AA23EFEA3FC30FE4CFBCC" bold="true" box="[287,474,1020,1046]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Montisimulium</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB10AA23EFE57FC30FDF8FBCC" bold="true" box="[491,622,1020,1046]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">nigrofilum</emphasis>
|
||
Takaoka & Sofian-Azirun
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFA557D0B10AA23EFC7DFC30FB88FBCC" box="[961,1054,1020,1046]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BEF86532B10AA242FF2BFB8FFAF7FCA5" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="F65D36B9B10AA23EFF2BFB8FFEE4FB86" blockId="60.[151,1437,1091,1996]" box="[151,370,1091,1116]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB10AA23EFF2BFB8FFF63FB86" bold="true" box="[151,245,1091,1116]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F65D36B9B10AA23CFF7BFBAAFAABFD87" blockId="60.[151,1437,1091,1996]" lastBlockId="62.[151,1437,151,2035]" lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB10AA23EFF7BFBAAFE92FBA5" bold="true" box="[199,260,1126,1151]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Male</emphasis>
|
||
. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="311A9B5CB10AA23EFE19FBABFE68FBA4" box="[421,510,1127,1151]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB10AA23EFDB6FBAAFDDEFBA5" bold="true" box="[522,584,1126,1151]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. As wide as thorax. Upper eye with large facets in 17 vertical columns and 19 horizontal rows. Face brownish black. Clypeus brownish black, densely covered with yellow short hairs interspersed with many dark-brown hairs. Antenna composed of scape, pedicel and nine flagellomeres, brownish black except scape and pedicel medium brown and base of first flagellomere whitish yellow; first flagellomere elongate, twice length of second one. Maxillary palp with five segments, light brown except third segment dark brown and first and second segments yellow, proportional lengths of third, fourth, and fifth segments 1.0:1.1:2.1; third segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB10AA23EFEF8FAF5FE0EFA88" box="[324,408,1337,1362]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[189,1403,251,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 26. Male of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A, Third segment of maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (right side; front view); B, Hind basitarsus (left side; outer view); C, Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, Styles (right side; D, ventrolateral view; E, medial view); F, Ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); G, Ventral plate (caudal view); H, Median sclerite (caudal view); I, Paramere (left side; ventral view); J, Aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); K & L, Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; K, lateral view; L, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C – L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571634/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
A) slender; sensory vesicle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB10AA23EFD63FAF5FCA4FA88" box="[735,818,1337,1362]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[189,1403,251,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 26. Male of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A, Third segment of maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (right side; front view); B, Hind basitarsus (left side; outer view); C, Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, Styles (right side; D, ventrolateral view; E, medial view); F, Ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); G, Ventral plate (caudal view); H, Median sclerite (caudal view); I, Paramere (left side; ventral view); J, Aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); K & L, Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; K, lateral view; L, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C – L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571634/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
A) ellipsoidal, medium-long, 0.3 times length of third segment, and with small opening.
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB10AA23EFD97FA90FD17FAAF" bold="true" box="[555,641,1372,1397]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Scutum brownish black, densely covered with golden-yellow short hairs. Scutellum brownish black, with golden-yellow short hairs and dark-brown long upright hairs. Postnotum brownish black and bare. Pleural membrane bare. Katepisternum longer than deep, brownish black, and bare.
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB10AA23EFAD9FA6FFA0DFA60" bold="true" box="[1381,1435,1443,1466]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
(coloration appearing incomplete, in particular all femora and tibia). Foreleg: coxa dark yellow; trochanter light brown; femur whitish yellow with apical cap dark brown; tibia dark brown except medial portion of outer surface paler: tarsus brownish black; basitarsus slightly flattened, 11.0 times as long as greatest width. Midleg: medium brown; trochanter light brown; femur light grayish with apical cap dark brown; tibia dark brown except median large area paler; tarsus dark brown to brownish black. Hind leg: coxa medium brown; trochanter dark yellow; femur light grayish with apical cap dark brown; tibia dark brown to brownish black except median large area paler; tarsus dark brown except basitarsus grayish to light brown; basitarsus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB10AA23EFC64F955FBB8F968" box="[984,1070,1689,1714]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[189,1403,251,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 26. Male of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A, Third segment of maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (right side; front view); B, Hind basitarsus (left side; outer view); C, Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, Styles (right side; D, ventrolateral view; E, medial view); F, Ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); G, Ventral plate (caudal view); H, Median sclerite (caudal view); I, Paramere (left side; ventral view); J, Aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); K & L, Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; K, lateral view; L, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C – L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571634/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
B) somewhat enlarged, spindleshaped, 4.3 times as long as wide, and 0.9 and 0.9 times as wide as greatest widths of tibia and femur, respectively; calcipala (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB10AA23EFEB7F913FEC9F922" box="[267,351,1759,1784]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[189,1403,251,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 26. Male of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A, Third segment of maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (right side; front view); B, Hind basitarsus (left side; outer view); C, Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, Styles (right side; D, ventrolateral view; E, medial view); F, Ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); G, Ventral plate (caudal view); H, Median sclerite (caudal view); I, Paramere (left side; ventral view); J, Aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); K & L, Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; K, lateral view; L, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C – L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571634/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
B) well developed, as long as width at base; pedisulcus well developed.
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB10AA23EFB25F913FB40F922" bold="true" box="[1177,1238,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
. Length
|
||
<quantity id="311A9B5CB10AA23EFA82F92CFA0EF922" box="[1342,1432,1760,1784]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3426F85BB10AA23EFF2BF8CFFF41F8C1" box="[151,215,1795,1819]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Costa</collectingRegion>
|
||
with dark-brown spinules and light-brown hairs except basal patch of dark hairs mixed with yellow hairs. Subcosta with one or five hairs. Hair tuft on base of radius dark brown. Basal portion of radius fully haired. Basal cell absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB10AA23EFEA1F885FEFBF8B8" bold="true" box="[285,365,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB10AA23EFEA1F885FEFFF8B8" box="[285,361,1865,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Nemopteridae" genus="Halter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Halter</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Light ochreous with basal portion darkened.
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB10AA23EFCD2F885FC4AF8B8" bold="true" box="[878,988,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Basal scale dark brown, with fringe of yellow long hairs. Dorsal surface of abdomen dark brown to brownish black, covered with yellow short hairs interspersed with dark hairs.
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB10AA23EFE65F843FDD2F872" bold="true" box="[473,580,1935,1960]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
. Coxite in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB10AA23EFCE4F843FC3FF872" box="[856,937,1935,1960]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[189,1403,251,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 26. Male of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A, Third segment of maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (right side; front view); B, Hind basitarsus (left side; outer view); C, Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, Styles (right side; D, ventrolateral view; E, medial view); F, Ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); G, Ventral plate (caudal view); H, Median sclerite (caudal view); I, Paramere (left side; ventral view); J, Aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); K & L, Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; K, lateral view; L, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C – L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571634/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
C) nearly rectangular, 2.1 times as long as its greatest width. Style in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB10AA23EFDFDF87FFD02F816" box="[577,660,1971,1996]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[189,1403,251,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 26. Male of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A, Third segment of maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (right side; front view); B, Hind basitarsus (left side; outer view); C, Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, Styles (right side; D, ventrolateral view; E, medial view); F, Ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); G, Ventral plate (caudal view); H, Median sclerite (caudal view); I, Paramere (left side; ventral view); J, Aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); K & L, Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; K, lateral view; L, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C – L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571634/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
C) slender, curved inward, tapered from middle to apex, with apical spine; style in ventrolateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB108A23CFDAAFF5BFDFEFF6A" box="[534,616,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[189,1403,251,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 26. Male of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A, Third segment of maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (right side; front view); B, Hind basitarsus (left side; outer view); C, Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, Styles (right side; D, ventrolateral view; E, medial view); F, Ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); G, Ventral plate (caudal view); H, Median sclerite (caudal view); I, Paramere (left side; ventral view); J, Aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); K & L, Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; K, lateral view; L, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C – L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571634/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
D) 0.6 times as long as coxite, nearly parallel-sided from base to middle, then tapered toward apex; style in medial view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB108A23CFD13FF77FC96FF0E" box="[687,768,187,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[189,1403,251,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 26. Male of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A, Third segment of maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (right side; front view); B, Hind basitarsus (left side; outer view); C, Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, Styles (right side; D, ventrolateral view; E, medial view); F, Ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); G, Ventral plate (caudal view); H, Median sclerite (caudal view); I, Paramere (left side; ventral view); J, Aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); K & L, Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; K, lateral view; L, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C – L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571634/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
E) boot-shaped, with apical portion twisted dorsally in form of triangular projection. Ventral plate in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB108A23CFCBCFF13FCC5FF22" box="[768,851,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[189,1403,251,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 26. Male of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A, Third segment of maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (right side; front view); B, Hind basitarsus (left side; outer view); C, Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, Styles (right side; D, ventrolateral view; E, medial view); F, Ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); G, Ventral plate (caudal view); H, Median sclerite (caudal view); I, Paramere (left side; ventral view); J, Aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); K & L, Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; K, lateral view; L, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C – L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571634/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
C) transverse, 0.4 times as long as greatest width at base, with body narrowed posteriorly, with anterior margin produced anteromedially, posterior margin greatly concave medially, and densely covered with microsetae on medial one-third of ventral surface; basal arms short, nearly parallel-sided, though slightly convergent apically; ventral plate in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB108A23CFB1CFE86FB61FEB9" box="[1184,1271,330,355]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[189,1403,251,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 26. Male of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A, Third segment of maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (right side; front view); B, Hind basitarsus (left side; outer view); C, Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, Styles (right side; D, ventrolateral view; E, medial view); F, Ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); G, Ventral plate (caudal view); H, Median sclerite (caudal view); I, Paramere (left side; ventral view); J, Aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); K & L, Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; K, lateral view; L, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C – L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571634/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
F) with apical portion of arms slightly curved dorsally; ventral plate in caudal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB108A23CFC02FEA2FB87FE5D" box="[958,1041,366,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[189,1403,251,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 26. Male of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A, Third segment of maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (right side; front view); B, Hind basitarsus (left side; outer view); C, Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, Styles (right side; D, ventrolateral view; E, medial view); F, Ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); G, Ventral plate (caudal view); H, Median sclerite (caudal view); I, Paramere (left side; ventral view); J, Aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); K & L, Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; K, lateral view; L, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C – L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571634/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
G) slightly rounded ventrally, with dorsal margin greatly concave medially, densely covered with microsetae medially on posterior surface. Median sclerite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB108A23CFF45FE79FEDBFE14" box="[249,333,437,462]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[189,1403,251,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 26. Male of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A, Third segment of maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (right side; front view); B, Hind basitarsus (left side; outer view); C, Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, Styles (right side; D, ventrolateral view; E, medial view); F, Ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); G, Ventral plate (caudal view); H, Median sclerite (caudal view); I, Paramere (left side; ventral view); J, Aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); K & L, Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; K, lateral view; L, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C – L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571634/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
C, F, H), plate-like, narrowed toward middle, then widened toward apex, arising from level near anteromedial tip of ventral plate, and directed posteriorly. Paramere (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB108A23CFC14FE15FC6CFE28" box="[936,1018,473,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[189,1403,251,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 26. Male of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A, Third segment of maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (right side; front view); B, Hind basitarsus (left side; outer view); C, Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, Styles (right side; D, ventrolateral view; E, medial view); F, Ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); G, Ventral plate (caudal view); H, Median sclerite (caudal view); I, Paramere (left side; ventral view); J, Aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); K & L, Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; K, lateral view; L, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C – L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571634/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="825C1079B108A23CFC61FE15FC6CFE28" box="[989,1018,473,498]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1926-01">26</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I) with four distinct hooks. Aedeagal membrane (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB108A23CFE9CFE31FEE3FDCC" box="[288,373,509,534]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[189,1403,251,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 26. Male of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A, Third segment of maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (right side; front view); B, Hind basitarsus (left side; outer view); C, Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, Styles (right side; D, ventrolateral view; E, medial view); F, Ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); G, Ventral plate (caudal view); H, Median sclerite (caudal view); I, Paramere (left side; ventral view); J, Aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); K & L, Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; K, lateral view; L, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C – L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571634/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
J) moderately covered with microsetae, and with weakly sclerotized dorsal plate in form of broad band. Ventral surface of abdominal segment 10 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB108A23CFCB7FDEDFCC8FDE0" box="[779,862,545,570]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[189,1403,251,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 26. Male of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A, Third segment of maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (right side; front view); B, Hind basitarsus (left side; outer view); C, Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, Styles (right side; D, ventrolateral view; E, medial view); F, Ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); G, Ventral plate (caudal view); H, Median sclerite (caudal view); I, Paramere (left side; ventral view); J, Aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); K & L, Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; K, lateral view; L, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C – L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571634/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
K, L) with two to five distinct hairs near posterior margin on each side. Cercus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB108A23CFE5EFD88FDA5FD87" box="[482,563,580,605]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[189,1403,251,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 26. Male of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A, Third segment of maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (right side; front view); B, Hind basitarsus (left side; outer view); C, Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, Styles (right side; D, ventrolateral view; E, medial view); F, Ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); G, Ventral plate (caudal view); H, Median sclerite (caudal view); I, Paramere (left side; ventral view); J, Aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); K & L, Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; K, lateral view; L, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C – L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571634/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
K, L) rounded, slightly produced ventrally, with eight to eleven hairs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A29D6631B10BA23FFF2BF8F0FE05F831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571634/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" targetBox="[189,1403,251,1811]" targetPageId="61">
|
||
<paragraph id="F65D36B9B10BA23FFF2BF8F0FE05F831" blockId="61.[151,1436,1852,2027]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB10BA23FFF2BF8F0FEB6F88B" bold="true" box="[151,288,1852,1874]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">FIGURE 26.</emphasis>
|
||
Male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB10BA23FFEC1F8F0FD68F888" box="[381,766,1852,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrofilum" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Montisimulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB10BA23FFEC1F8F0FE4BF888" box="[381,477,1852,1874]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Simulium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB10BA23FFE50F8F0FD13F888" box="[492,645,1852,1874]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Montisimulium</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB10BA23FFD28F8F0FD68F888" box="[660,766,1852,1874]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">nigrofilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB10BA23FFCB9F8F1FCC1F888" bold="true" box="[773,855,1853,1874]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFA557D0B10BA23FFCB9F8F1FCC1F888" box="[773,855,1853,1874]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, Third segment of maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (right side; front view); B, Hind basitarsus (left side; outer view); C, Coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view); D & E, Styles (right side; D, ventrolateral view; E, medial view); F, Ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view); G, Ventral plate (caudal view); H, Median sclerite (caudal view); I, Paramere (left side; ventral view); J, Aedeagal membrane and dorsal plate (caudal view); K & L, Abdominal segment 10 and cerci (right side; K, lateral view; L, caudal view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for B; 0.02 mm for A and C–L.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F65D36B9B108A23CFF7BFDA4FD1CF922" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB108A23CFF7BFDA4FE93FD5B" bold="true" box="[199,261,616,641]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="311A9B5CB108A23CFE09FDA5FD82FD5A" box="[437,532,617,641]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="3.2">3.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB108A23CFD98FDA4FDF4FD5B" bold="true" box="[548,610,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Integument including antennal sheaths yellow, densely covered with tubercles having few to several minute secondary projections; frons with two pairs of unbranched short trichomes with straight apices (one stout, one slender) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB108A23CFD21FD63FD64FD12" box="[669,754,687,712]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[245,1353,212,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[217,1370,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pupa and larva of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A – N, Pupa and O – R, Larva. A, Frontal trichomes; B, Facial trichome; C – F, Thoracic trichomes (C, anterodorsal; D, anterolateral; E, mediolateral; F, ventrolateral); G, Gill filaments (left side; dorsal view); H, Enlargement of filament showing black pigments inside cuticle; I, Hair-like seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; J, Hair-like seta and minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; K, Terminal hooks (caudal view); L, Grapnel-shaped hooklet on lateral surface of abdominal segment 9; M & N, Cocoons (M, dorsal view; N, lateral view); O, Antenna showing three unpigmented annulations of segment 2; P, Mandible; Q, Hypostoma; R, Head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for M and N; 0.1 mm for G and R; 0.05 mm for O; 0.02 mm for H, K, P and Q; 0.01 mm for A-F, I, J and L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571635/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
A); face with pair of unbranched short stout trichomes with coiled apices (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB108A23CFE80FD1FFE07FD36" box="[316,401,723,748]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[245,1353,212,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[217,1370,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pupa and larva of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A – N, Pupa and O – R, Larva. A, Frontal trichomes; B, Facial trichome; C – F, Thoracic trichomes (C, anterodorsal; D, anterolateral; E, mediolateral; F, ventrolateral); G, Gill filaments (left side; dorsal view); H, Enlargement of filament showing black pigments inside cuticle; I, Hair-like seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; J, Hair-like seta and minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; K, Terminal hooks (caudal view); L, Grapnel-shaped hooklet on lateral surface of abdominal segment 9; M & N, Cocoons (M, dorsal view; N, lateral view); O, Antenna showing three unpigmented annulations of segment 2; P, Mandible; Q, Hypostoma; R, Head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for M and N; 0.1 mm for G and R; 0.05 mm for O; 0.02 mm for H, K, P and Q; 0.01 mm for A-F, I, J and L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571635/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
B); two frontal trichomes on each side arising close together, and much shorter than facial ones.
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB108A23CFF63FD3BFEA2FCCA" bold="true" box="[223,308,759,784]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Integument yellow, densely covered with tubercles bearing few to several minute secondary projections; thorax with three short anterodorsal trichomes (two stout, with coiled apices, one slender, with straight apex) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB108A23CFF59FCF2FEAEFC8D" box="[229,312,830,855]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[245,1353,212,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[217,1370,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pupa and larva of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A – N, Pupa and O – R, Larva. A, Frontal trichomes; B, Facial trichome; C – F, Thoracic trichomes (C, anterodorsal; D, anterolateral; E, mediolateral; F, ventrolateral); G, Gill filaments (left side; dorsal view); H, Enlargement of filament showing black pigments inside cuticle; I, Hair-like seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; J, Hair-like seta and minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; K, Terminal hooks (caudal view); L, Grapnel-shaped hooklet on lateral surface of abdominal segment 9; M & N, Cocoons (M, dorsal view; N, lateral view); O, Antenna showing three unpigmented annulations of segment 2; P, Mandible; Q, Hypostoma; R, Head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for M and N; 0.1 mm for G and R; 0.05 mm for O; 0.02 mm for H, K, P and Q; 0.01 mm for A-F, I, J and L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571635/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
C), two short slender anterolateral trichomes with straight apices (anterior one shorter than posterior one) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB108A23CFF65FCAEFEBBFCA1" box="[217,301,866,891]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[245,1353,212,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[217,1370,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pupa and larva of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A – N, Pupa and O – R, Larva. A, Frontal trichomes; B, Facial trichome; C – F, Thoracic trichomes (C, anterodorsal; D, anterolateral; E, mediolateral; F, ventrolateral); G, Gill filaments (left side; dorsal view); H, Enlargement of filament showing black pigments inside cuticle; I, Hair-like seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; J, Hair-like seta and minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; K, Terminal hooks (caudal view); L, Grapnel-shaped hooklet on lateral surface of abdominal segment 9; M & N, Cocoons (M, dorsal view; N, lateral view); O, Antenna showing three unpigmented annulations of segment 2; P, Mandible; Q, Hypostoma; R, Head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for M and N; 0.1 mm for G and R; 0.05 mm for O; 0.02 mm for H, K, P and Q; 0.01 mm for A-F, I, J and L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571635/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
D), one short stout mediolateral trichome with straight apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB108A23CFC5EFCAEFBA0FCA1" box="[994,1078,866,891]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[245,1353,212,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[217,1370,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pupa and larva of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A – N, Pupa and O – R, Larva. A, Frontal trichomes; B, Facial trichome; C – F, Thoracic trichomes (C, anterodorsal; D, anterolateral; E, mediolateral; F, ventrolateral); G, Gill filaments (left side; dorsal view); H, Enlargement of filament showing black pigments inside cuticle; I, Hair-like seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; J, Hair-like seta and minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; K, Terminal hooks (caudal view); L, Grapnel-shaped hooklet on lateral surface of abdominal segment 9; M & N, Cocoons (M, dorsal view; N, lateral view); O, Antenna showing three unpigmented annulations of segment 2; P, Mandible; Q, Hypostoma; R, Head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for M and N; 0.1 mm for G and R; 0.05 mm for O; 0.02 mm for H, K, P and Q; 0.01 mm for A-F, I, J and L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571635/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
E), and three short ventrolateral trichomes with straight apices (anterior one slender, two others stout) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB108A23CFC5EFC4AFBA1FC45" box="[994,1079,902,927]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[245,1353,212,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[217,1370,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pupa and larva of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A – N, Pupa and O – R, Larva. A, Frontal trichomes; B, Facial trichome; C – F, Thoracic trichomes (C, anterodorsal; D, anterolateral; E, mediolateral; F, ventrolateral); G, Gill filaments (left side; dorsal view); H, Enlargement of filament showing black pigments inside cuticle; I, Hair-like seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; J, Hair-like seta and minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; K, Terminal hooks (caudal view); L, Grapnel-shaped hooklet on lateral surface of abdominal segment 9; M & N, Cocoons (M, dorsal view; N, lateral view); O, Antenna showing three unpigmented annulations of segment 2; P, Mandible; Q, Hypostoma; R, Head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for M and N; 0.1 mm for G and R; 0.05 mm for O; 0.02 mm for H, K, P and Q; 0.01 mm for A-F, I, J and L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571635/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
F) on each side; all trichomes unbranched. Gill (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB108A23CFEDFFC66FE23FC18" box="[355,437,938,963]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[245,1353,212,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[217,1370,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pupa and larva of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A – N, Pupa and O – R, Larva. A, Frontal trichomes; B, Facial trichome; C – F, Thoracic trichomes (C, anterodorsal; D, anterolateral; E, mediolateral; F, ventrolateral); G, Gill filaments (left side; dorsal view); H, Enlargement of filament showing black pigments inside cuticle; I, Hair-like seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; J, Hair-like seta and minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; K, Terminal hooks (caudal view); L, Grapnel-shaped hooklet on lateral surface of abdominal segment 9; M & N, Cocoons (M, dorsal view; N, lateral view); O, Antenna showing three unpigmented annulations of segment 2; P, Mandible; Q, Hypostoma; R, Head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for M and N; 0.1 mm for G and R; 0.05 mm for O; 0.02 mm for H, K, P and Q; 0.01 mm for A-F, I, J and L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571635/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
G) composed of 12 slender thread-like filaments, arranged in four groups (one inner, one middle dorsal, one middle ventral and one outer) arising from medium-long common basal stalk, which has transparent basal fenestra and 0.8 times length of interspiracular trunk; inner group composed of two filaments with short stalk, middle dorsal and ventral groups each composed of one individual and two paired filaments with short primary and medium-long secondary stalks, and outer group composed of two pairs of four filaments with short common stalk and medium-long secondary stalks; these two pairs lying vertically, one pair dorsal and another ventral; all filaments light brown except common basal stalk dark brown, subequal in length and thickness (though their exact length unmeasurable due to loss of apical portions) and tapered toward apices; cuticle of all filaments with well-defined annular ridges and furrows, and densely covered with minute tubercles, and with numerous darkbrown minute particles inside outer cuticular layer (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB108A23CFCB5FB27FCF4FADE" box="[777,866,1259,1284]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[245,1353,212,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[217,1370,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pupa and larva of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A – N, Pupa and O – R, Larva. A, Frontal trichomes; B, Facial trichome; C – F, Thoracic trichomes (C, anterodorsal; D, anterolateral; E, mediolateral; F, ventrolateral); G, Gill filaments (left side; dorsal view); H, Enlargement of filament showing black pigments inside cuticle; I, Hair-like seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; J, Hair-like seta and minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; K, Terminal hooks (caudal view); L, Grapnel-shaped hooklet on lateral surface of abdominal segment 9; M & N, Cocoons (M, dorsal view; N, lateral view); O, Antenna showing three unpigmented annulations of segment 2; P, Mandible; Q, Hypostoma; R, Head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for M and N; 0.1 mm for G and R; 0.05 mm for O; 0.02 mm for H, K, P and Q; 0.01 mm for A-F, I, J and L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571635/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
H).
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB108A23CFC2EFB27FB96FADE" bold="true" box="[914,1024,1259,1284]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsally, all segments yellowish; segments 1 and 2 with minute tubercles, segment 1 with one unbranched slender short hair-like seta (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB108A23CFAA8FAC3FAF1FAF2" box="[1300,1383,1295,1320]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[245,1353,212,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[217,1370,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pupa and larva of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A – N, Pupa and O – R, Larva. A, Frontal trichomes; B, Facial trichome; C – F, Thoracic trichomes (C, anterodorsal; D, anterolateral; E, mediolateral; F, ventrolateral); G, Gill filaments (left side; dorsal view); H, Enlargement of filament showing black pigments inside cuticle; I, Hair-like seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; J, Hair-like seta and minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; K, Terminal hooks (caudal view); L, Grapnel-shaped hooklet on lateral surface of abdominal segment 9; M & N, Cocoons (M, dorsal view; N, lateral view); O, Antenna showing three unpigmented annulations of segment 2; P, Mandible; Q, Hypostoma; R, Head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for M and N; 0.1 mm for G and R; 0.05 mm for O; 0.02 mm for H, K, P and Q; 0.01 mm for A-F, I, J and L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571635/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="825C1079B108A23CFAF6FADCFAF1FAF2" box="[1354,1383,1296,1320]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1927-01">27</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I) on each side; segment 2 with one unbranched slender short hair-like seta and five short somewhat spinous setae submedially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB108A23CFE93FA9AFE17FAB5" box="[303,385,1366,1391]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[245,1353,212,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[217,1370,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pupa and larva of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A – N, Pupa and O – R, Larva. A, Frontal trichomes; B, Facial trichome; C – F, Thoracic trichomes (C, anterodorsal; D, anterolateral; E, mediolateral; F, ventrolateral); G, Gill filaments (left side; dorsal view); H, Enlargement of filament showing black pigments inside cuticle; I, Hair-like seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; J, Hair-like seta and minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; K, Terminal hooks (caudal view); L, Grapnel-shaped hooklet on lateral surface of abdominal segment 9; M & N, Cocoons (M, dorsal view; N, lateral view); O, Antenna showing three unpigmented annulations of segment 2; P, Mandible; Q, Hypostoma; R, Head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for M and N; 0.1 mm for G and R; 0.05 mm for O; 0.02 mm for H, K, P and Q; 0.01 mm for A-F, I, J and L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571635/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
J) near posterior margin on each side; segments 3 and 4 each with four hooked spines and one short somewhat spinous seta near posterior margin on each side; segments 5–8 each with two unbranched short setae near posterior margin on each side; segments 6–8 each with spine-combs in transverse row; segments 5–9 each with comb-like groups of minute spines near anterior margin on each side; segment 9 with pair of cone-like terminal hooks (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB108A23CFEF1FA29FE09FA24" box="[333,415,1509,1534]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[245,1353,212,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[217,1370,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pupa and larva of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A – N, Pupa and O – R, Larva. A, Frontal trichomes; B, Facial trichome; C – F, Thoracic trichomes (C, anterodorsal; D, anterolateral; E, mediolateral; F, ventrolateral); G, Gill filaments (left side; dorsal view); H, Enlargement of filament showing black pigments inside cuticle; I, Hair-like seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; J, Hair-like seta and minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; K, Terminal hooks (caudal view); L, Grapnel-shaped hooklet on lateral surface of abdominal segment 9; M & N, Cocoons (M, dorsal view; N, lateral view); O, Antenna showing three unpigmented annulations of segment 2; P, Mandible; Q, Hypostoma; R, Head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for M and N; 0.1 mm for G and R; 0.05 mm for O; 0.02 mm for H, K, P and Q; 0.01 mm for A-F, I, J and L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571635/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
K). Ventrally, segment 4 with few unbranched short setae on each side; segment 5 with pair of bifid hooks submedially and few unbranched short slender setae on each side; segments 6 and 7 each with pair of bifid inner and outer hooks somewhat spaced from each other and few unbranched short slender setae on each side; segments 4–8 each with comb-like groups of minute spines; segment 9 yellowish, covered sparsely with round small tubercles. Segment 9 with three grapnel-shaped hooklets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB108A23CFCD4F9B8FC2FF957" box="[872,953,1652,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[245,1353,212,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[217,1370,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pupa and larva of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A – N, Pupa and O – R, Larva. A, Frontal trichomes; B, Facial trichome; C – F, Thoracic trichomes (C, anterodorsal; D, anterolateral; E, mediolateral; F, ventrolateral); G, Gill filaments (left side; dorsal view); H, Enlargement of filament showing black pigments inside cuticle; I, Hair-like seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; J, Hair-like seta and minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; K, Terminal hooks (caudal view); L, Grapnel-shaped hooklet on lateral surface of abdominal segment 9; M & N, Cocoons (M, dorsal view; N, lateral view); O, Antenna showing three unpigmented annulations of segment 2; P, Mandible; Q, Hypostoma; R, Head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for M and N; 0.1 mm for G and R; 0.05 mm for O; 0.02 mm for H, K, P and Q; 0.01 mm for A-F, I, J and L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571635/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
L) on each lateral side.
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB108A23CFB7FF9B8FA8DF957" bold="true" box="[1219,1307,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Cocoon</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB108A23CFA97F9B8FAEBF957" box="[1323,1405,1652,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[245,1353,212,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[217,1370,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pupa and larva of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A – N, Pupa and O – R, Larva. A, Frontal trichomes; B, Facial trichome; C – F, Thoracic trichomes (C, anterodorsal; D, anterolateral; E, mediolateral; F, ventrolateral); G, Gill filaments (left side; dorsal view); H, Enlargement of filament showing black pigments inside cuticle; I, Hair-like seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; J, Hair-like seta and minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; K, Terminal hooks (caudal view); L, Grapnel-shaped hooklet on lateral surface of abdominal segment 9; M & N, Cocoons (M, dorsal view; N, lateral view); O, Antenna showing three unpigmented annulations of segment 2; P, Mandible; Q, Hypostoma; R, Head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for M and N; 0.1 mm for G and R; 0.05 mm for O; 0.02 mm for H, K, P and Q; 0.01 mm for A-F, I, J and L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571635/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
M, N). Wall-pocket-shaped, thickly woven, not extended ventrolaterally, anterodorsal margin slightly produced anteriorly but without bulge or projection; posterior two-thirds with floor moderately woven; individual threads invisible; 3.0 mm long by
|
||
<quantity id="311A9B5CB108A23CFE03F913FDD3F922" box="[447,581,1759,1784]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="1.7" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.6">1.6–1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F65D36B9B108A242FF7BF8CFFAF7FCA5" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,2035]" lastBlockId="64.[151,1437,151,1688]" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB108A23CFF7BF8CFFEFCF8C6" bold="true" box="[199,362,1795,1820]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Mature larva</emphasis>
|
||
. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="311A9B5CB108A23CFDABF8CFFD30F8C1" box="[535,678,1795,1820]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="6.2" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="6.4" valueMax="6.6" valueMin="6.2">6.2–6.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Body creamy except anterior and posterior surfaces of thoracic proleg, ventral surface of thoracic segments 2 and 3, and abdominal segments 1–4 light grayish-green, and with reddish-brown or ochreous markings as follows: thoracic segment 1 encircled with reddish-brown band though disconnected ventrally, thoracic segments 2 and 3 light reddish-brown dorsally and reddish brown ventrally, abdominal segment 1 encircled with light reddish-brown or ochreous band though disconnected dorsomedially, abdominal segments 2–4 each with pair of light reddish-brown or ochreous spots dorsally (though colored spots only on segments 3 and
|
||
<quantity id="311A9B5CB108A23CFE14F816FE45F829" box="[424,467,2010,2035]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
||
one larva and absent in one larva), abdominal segments 5–9 each with reddish-brown or ochreous markings entirely or partially covering dorsal surface, and those on segments 5 and 6 extended laterally and ventrally, though becoming lighter.
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FDEEFF70FD06FF0F" bold="true" box="[594,656,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Head capsule yellow to dark yellow except areas in front of posterior margin on dorsal and lateral surfaces, and area above eyebrow on lateral surface much darkened, and median portion of ventral surface somewhat darkened, and with distinct head spots though anterior spots of posterolateral spots faint or absent, and sparsely covered with unpigmented minute setae (though moderately on dorsal surface); eyebrow distinct. Antenna composed of three articles and apical sensillum, longer than stem of labral fan; proportional lengths of first, second, and third articles 1.0:0.9:0.7–0.8; antennal article 2 light yellow, with three unpigmented annulations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB176A242FE7EFE58FD80FE76" box="[450,534,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[245,1353,212,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[217,1370,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pupa and larva of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A – N, Pupa and O – R, Larva. A, Frontal trichomes; B, Facial trichome; C – F, Thoracic trichomes (C, anterodorsal; D, anterolateral; E, mediolateral; F, ventrolateral); G, Gill filaments (left side; dorsal view); H, Enlargement of filament showing black pigments inside cuticle; I, Hair-like seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; J, Hair-like seta and minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; K, Terminal hooks (caudal view); L, Grapnel-shaped hooklet on lateral surface of abdominal segment 9; M & N, Cocoons (M, dorsal view; N, lateral view); O, Antenna showing three unpigmented annulations of segment 2; P, Mandible; Q, Hypostoma; R, Head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for M and N; 0.1 mm for G and R; 0.05 mm for O; 0.02 mm for H, K, P and Q; 0.01 mm for A-F, I, J and L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571635/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
O). Labral fan with 35 primary rays. Mandible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB176A242FB8FFE58FB13FE76" box="[1075,1157,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[245,1353,212,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[217,1370,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pupa and larva of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A – N, Pupa and O – R, Larva. A, Frontal trichomes; B, Facial trichome; C – F, Thoracic trichomes (C, anterodorsal; D, anterolateral; E, mediolateral; F, ventrolateral); G, Gill filaments (left side; dorsal view); H, Enlargement of filament showing black pigments inside cuticle; I, Hair-like seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; J, Hair-like seta and minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; K, Terminal hooks (caudal view); L, Grapnel-shaped hooklet on lateral surface of abdominal segment 9; M & N, Cocoons (M, dorsal view; N, lateral view); O, Antenna showing three unpigmented annulations of segment 2; P, Mandible; Q, Hypostoma; R, Head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for M and N; 0.1 mm for G and R; 0.05 mm for O; 0.02 mm for H, K, P and Q; 0.01 mm for A-F, I, J and L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571635/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
P) with three comb-teeth decreasing in length from first tooth to third, or second and third teeth subequal; mandibular serration composed of two teeth (one medium-sized, one small); major tooth at right angle against mandible on apical side; supernumerary serrations absent. Hypostoma (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB176A242FD1BFE33FD6CFDC2" box="[679,762,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[245,1353,212,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[217,1370,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pupa and larva of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A – N, Pupa and O – R, Larva. A, Frontal trichomes; B, Facial trichome; C – F, Thoracic trichomes (C, anterodorsal; D, anterolateral; E, mediolateral; F, ventrolateral); G, Gill filaments (left side; dorsal view); H, Enlargement of filament showing black pigments inside cuticle; I, Hair-like seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; J, Hair-like seta and minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; K, Terminal hooks (caudal view); L, Grapnel-shaped hooklet on lateral surface of abdominal segment 9; M & N, Cocoons (M, dorsal view; N, lateral view); O, Antenna showing three unpigmented annulations of segment 2; P, Mandible; Q, Hypostoma; R, Head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for M and N; 0.1 mm for G and R; 0.05 mm for O; 0.02 mm for H, K, P and Q; 0.01 mm for A-F, I, J and L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571635/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
Q) with row of nine apical teeth, of which median tooth as long as or slightly longer than each corner tooth; lateral margin serrate apically; five or six hypostomal bristles per side lying slightly divergent posteriorly from lateral margin. Postgenal cleft (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB176A242FC44FD8BFBDCFDBA" box="[1016,1098,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[245,1353,212,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[217,1370,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pupa and larva of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A – N, Pupa and O – R, Larva. A, Frontal trichomes; B, Facial trichome; C – F, Thoracic trichomes (C, anterodorsal; D, anterolateral; E, mediolateral; F, ventrolateral); G, Gill filaments (left side; dorsal view); H, Enlargement of filament showing black pigments inside cuticle; I, Hair-like seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; J, Hair-like seta and minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; K, Terminal hooks (caudal view); L, Grapnel-shaped hooklet on lateral surface of abdominal segment 9; M & N, Cocoons (M, dorsal view; N, lateral view); O, Antenna showing three unpigmented annulations of segment 2; P, Mandible; Q, Hypostoma; R, Head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for M and N; 0.1 mm for G and R; 0.05 mm for O; 0.02 mm for H, K, P and Q; 0.01 mm for A-F, I, J and L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571635/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
R) absent (or vestigial if any). Cervical sclerites composed of pair of small dark rod-like pieces.
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FC3CFDA0FC43FD5F" bold="true" box="[896,981,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FBB2FDA0FBEAFD5F" bold="true" box="[1038,1148,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Thoracic proleg without hairs; thoracic and abdominal cuticle almost bare except last abdominal segment densely covered with unbranched colorless setae on dorsolateral and lateral surfaces of each side of anal sclerite and on each lateral surface down to base of ventral papilla. Rectal scales present, unpigmented. Rectal organ compound, each of three lobes with several finger-like secondary lobules (exact number of secondary lobules uncountable). Anal sclerite of usual Xform, with anterior arms as long as or slightly longer than posterior ones, broadly sclerotized at base; no sensilla on broad base and posterior to posterior arms; accessory sclerite absent. Last abdominal segment with pair of large conical ventral papillae. Posterior circlet with 78 or 79 rows of hooklets with up to 16 or 17 hooklets per row.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="A29D6631B109A23DFF2BF92FFE14F80A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571635/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" targetBox="[245,1353,212,1725]" targetPageId="63">
|
||
<paragraph id="F65D36B9B109A23DFF2BF92FFE14F80A" blockId="63.[151,1436,1763,2000]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB109A23DFF2BF92FFEB2F922" bold="true" box="[151,292,1763,1785]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">FIGURE 27.</emphasis>
|
||
Pupa and larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB109A23DFE47F92FFC13F923" box="[507,901,1763,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrofilum" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Montisimulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB109A23DFE47F92FFDCDF923" box="[507,603,1763,1785]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Simulium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB109A23DFDD2F92FFC91F923" box="[622,775,1763,1785]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Montisimulium</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB109A23DFCA7F92FFC13F923" box="[795,901,1763,1785]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">nigrofilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB109A23DFC2CF928FC70F923" bold="true" box="[912,998,1764,1785]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFA557D0B109A23DFC2CF928FC70F923" box="[912,998,1764,1785]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A–N, Pupa and O–R, Larva. A, Frontal trichomes; B, Facial trichome; C–F, Thoracic trichomes (C, anterodorsal; D, anterolateral; E, mediolateral; F, ventrolateral); G, Gill filaments (left side; dorsal view); H, Enlargement of filament showing black pigments inside cuticle; I, Hair-like seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; J, Hair-like seta and minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; K, Terminal hooks (caudal view); L, Grapnel-shaped hooklet on lateral surface of abdominal segment 9; M & N, Cocoons (M, dorsal view; N, lateral view); O, Antenna showing three unpigmented annulations of segment 2; P, Mandible; Q, Hypostoma; R, Head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for M and N; 0.1 mm for G and R; 0.05 mm for O; 0.02 mm for H, K, P and Q; 0.01 mm for A-F, I, J and L.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BEF86532B176A242FF7BFC40FF5EFAD1" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="F65D36B9B176A242FF7BFC40FC97FB45" blockId="64.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="468A3CE4B176A242FF7BFC40FC5CFBEF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1500194402" collectingDate="2014-12-20" collectionCode="UMSRP" collectorName="Vietnam" country="Vietnam" county="Takaoka" elevation="5" location="northern Vietnam" municipality="Sapa" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Lao Cai Province" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FF7BFC40FEE6FC7F" bold="true" box="[199,368,908,933]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<typeStatus id="2959881BB176A242FF7BFC40FE94FC7F" box="[199,258,908,933]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="2959881BB176A242FE3DFC40FD8FFC7E" box="[385,537,908,932]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
: Pharate male (with its associated pupal exuviae and cocoon) in 80% ethanol, labeled in a vial as [
|
||
<collectionCode id="90F3AE7CB176A242FEC5FC7CFE49FC12" box="[377,479,944,968]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">UMSRP</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EF57629B176A242FE56FC63FDDFFC12" box="[490,585,943,968]" name="Vietnam" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
0 31,
|
||
<typeStatus id="2959881BB176A242FD36FC63FD63FC12" box="[650,757,943,968]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB176A242FCBDFC7CFB15FC12" authority="Pharate" authorityName="Pharate" box="[769,1155,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrofilum" subGenus="Montisimulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FCBDFC7CFCFDFC12" box="[769,875,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Simulium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FCC0FC7DFC05FC12" box="[892,915,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">M</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FC17FC7CFBB6FC12" box="[939,1056,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">nigrofilum</emphasis>
|
||
, Pharate
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="5B17536FB176A242FAB5FC63FAFDFC12" box="[1289,1387,943,968]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Vietnam</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="825C1079B176A242FACBFC7CFE94FC36" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2014-12-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9218E991B176A242FACBFC7CFE94FC36" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2014-12-20">20- XII-2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="1F3C4E35B176A242FEB3FC18FEF8FC37" box="[271,366,980,1005]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Takaoka</collectingCounty>
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FECBFC19FE3CFC36" box="[375,426,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.], dissected out from a pupa collected from a small stream (width
|
||
<quantity id="311A9B5CB176A242FB10FC18FB66FC36" box="[1196,1264,980,1005]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="0.5">
|
||
<elevation id="7DCFD18AB176A242FB10FC18FB66FC36" box="[1196,1264,980,1005]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, bottom rocky, water temperature 11.0˚C, exposed to sun,
|
||
<elevation id="7DCFD18AB176A242FD20FC3BFCE2FBD5" box="[668,884,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="1750.0">
|
||
elevation
|
||
<quantity id="311A9B5CB176A242FCACFC3BFCE2FBD5" box="[784,884,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="1750.0">1,750 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, 22˚21’43.110”N/103˚47’19.221”E) moderately flowing in a secondary forest,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="1639ACC3B176A242FE50FBD0FDB3FBEE" box="[492,549,1052,1076]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Sapa</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3426F85BB176A242FD8CFBD1FD61FBEF" box="[560,759,1052,1077]" country="Vietnam" name="Lao Cai" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Lao
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3426F85BB176A242FDDFFBD0FD61FBEF" box="[611,759,1052,1077]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Cai Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="F33D6062B176A242FCBEFBD0FC5CFBEF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E4B87AFB10AA242FF2BFC30FDCCF942:F33D6062B176A242FCBEFBD0FC5CFBEF" box="[770,970,1052,1077]" country="Vietnam" county="Takaoka" municipality="Sapa" name="northern Vietnam" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" stateProvince="Lao Cai Province">northern Vietnam</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="468A3CE4B176A242FC69FBD0FE3FFBA7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1500194408" collectingDate="2014-12-20" collectionCode="UMSRP" collectorName="H. Takaoka & Azirun, Z. & Ya'cob, C. D. & K. W. Lau. & One" country="Vietnam" county="Takaoka" elevation="5" location="northern Vietnam" municipality="Sapa" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Lao Cai Province" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<date id="825C1079B176A242FC69FBD0FBF0FBEE" box="[981,1126,1052,1076]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2014-12-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9218E991B176A242FC69FBD0FBF0FBEE" box="[981,1126,1052,1076]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2014-12-20">20-XII-2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, by
|
||
<collectorName id="5B17536FB176A242FB28FBD1FA8EFBEF" box="[1172,1304,1052,1077]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">H. Takaoka</collectorName>
|
||
, M. Sofian-
|
||
<collectorName id="5B17536FB176A242FF2BFBF3FE31FB82" box="[151,423,1087,1112]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Azirun, Z. Ya’cob, C.D.</collectorName>
|
||
Chen &
|
||
<collectorName id="5B17536FB176A242FDACFB8CFD13FB8D" box="[528,645,1088,1111]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">K.W. Lau.</collectorName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="2959881BB176A242FD30FB8CFCBDFB82" box="[652,811,1088,1112]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName id="5B17536FB176A242FC8BFB8CFCF3FB82" box="[823,869,1088,1112]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">One</collectorName>
|
||
pupal exuviae and three mature larvae, same data as those of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2959881BB176A242FEFFFBA8FE3FFBA7" box="[323,425,1124,1149]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="468A3CE4B176A242FE08FBA8FC97FB45" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1500194411" collectingDate="2014-12-20" collectionCode="UMSRP" collectorName="Vietnam" country="Vietnam" location="Takaoka" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
in 80% ethanol, labeled in each vial as [
|
||
<collectionCode id="90F3AE7CB176A242FCCBFBA8FC4BFBA6" box="[887,989,1124,1148]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">UMSRP</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EF57629B176A242FC55FBA8FBDEFBA7" box="[1001,1096,1124,1149]" name="Vietnam" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
0 31,
|
||
<typeStatus id="2959881BB176A242FB35FBA9FB78FBA7" box="[1161,1262,1125,1149]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB176A242FB45FBA8FE9AFB7A" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrofilum" subGenus="Montisimulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FB45FBA8FAF5FBA6" box="[1273,1379,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Simulium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FAC8FBA9FA1DFBA6" box="[1396,1419,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">M</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FF2BFB44FE9AFB7A" box="[151,268,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">nigrofilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="5B17536FB176A242FEEEFB4BFE22FB7A" box="[338,436,1159,1184]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Vietnam</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="825C1079B176A242FE03FB44FDD9FB7A" box="[447,591,1160,1184]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2014-12-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9218E991B176A242FE03FB44FDD9FB7A" box="[447,591,1160,1184]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2014-12-20">20-XII-2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="F33D6062B176A242FDE6FB4BFD2EFB7A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E4B87AFB10AA242FF2BFC30FDCCF942:F33D6062B176A242FDE6FB4BFD2EFB7A" box="[602,696,1159,1184]" country="Vietnam" name="Takaoka" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Takaoka</location>
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FD7CFB45FD67FB7A" box="[704,753,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F65D36B9B176A242FF7BFB60FF5EFAD1" blockId="64.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FF7BFB60FE15FB1F" bold="true" box="[199,387,1196,1221]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Biological notes</emphasis>
|
||
. The pupae of this new species were collected from plastic sheets in the current. Associated species were
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB176A242FE91FB1CFE47FB32" box="[301,465,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tayense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Nevermannia">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FE91FB1CFEADFB3D" box="[301,315,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FEEFFB1DFEF0FB32" box="[339,358,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">N</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FEC1FB1DFE47FB32" box="[381,465,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">tayense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FE65FB03FDA5FB3D" bold="true" box="[473,563,1231,1256]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFA557D0B176A242FE65FB03FDA5FB3D" box="[473,563,1231,1256]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB176A242FDFEFB1CFC93FB32" box="[578,773,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laocaiense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FDFEFB1CFDC6FB3D" box="[578,592,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FDD4FB1CFDE0FB3D" box="[616,630,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FD31FB1CFC93FB32" box="[653,773,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">laocaiense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FCB1FB03FCF1FB3D" bold="true" box="[781,871,1231,1256]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFA557D0B176A242FCB1FB03FCF1FB3D" box="[781,871,1231,1256]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB176A242FCCAFB1CFBBFFB32" box="[886,1065,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapaense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FCCAFB1CFC12FB3D" box="[886,900,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FC20FB1CFC3CFB3D" box="[924,938,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FC7EFB1DFBBFFB32" box="[962,1065,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">sapaense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FB8CFB03FB1CFB3D" bold="true" box="[1072,1162,1231,1256]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFA557D0B176A242FB8CFB03FB1CFB3D" box="[1072,1162,1231,1256]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB176A242FB7EFB1CFAE5FB32" box="[1218,1395,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turgidum" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FB7EFB1CFB46FB3D" box="[1218,1232,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FB5BFB1CFB63FB3D" box="[1255,1269,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FAB1FB1CFAE5FB32" box="[1293,1395,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">turgidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FAC6FB03FF5EFAD1" bold="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFA557D0B176A242FAC6FB03FF5EFAD1" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BEF86532B176A242FF7BFADBFDD6FAEA" box="[199,576,1303,1328]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="F65D36B9B176A242FF7BFADBFDD6FAEA" blockId="64.[151,1437,151,1688]" box="[199,576,1303,1328]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FF7BFADBFECFFAEA" bold="true" box="[199,345,1303,1328]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EF57629B176A242FEDBFADBFE50FAEA" box="[359,454,1303,1328]" name="Vietnam" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3426F85BB176A242FE69FAD4FDA2FAEA" box="[469,564,1303,1328]" country="Vietnam" name="Lao Cai" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Lao Cai</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BEF86532B176A242FF7BFAF0FE78FAA2" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="F65D36B9B176A242FF7BFAF0FE78FAA2" blockId="64.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FF7BFAF0FED0FA8F" bold="true" box="[199,326,1340,1365]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The species name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB176A242FD94FAF0FD0BFA8E" box="[552,669,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrofilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FD94FAF0FD0BFA8E" box="[552,669,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">nigrofilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
refers to the apparently black pupal gill filaments due to numerous minute black spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB176A242FEC4FA93FE5DFAA2" box="[376,459,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[245,1353,212,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[217,1370,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pupa and larva of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A – N, Pupa and O – R, Larva. A, Frontal trichomes; B, Facial trichome; C – F, Thoracic trichomes (C, anterodorsal; D, anterolateral; E, mediolateral; F, ventrolateral); G, Gill filaments (left side; dorsal view); H, Enlargement of filament showing black pigments inside cuticle; I, Hair-like seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; J, Hair-like seta and minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; K, Terminal hooks (caudal view); L, Grapnel-shaped hooklet on lateral surface of abdominal segment 9; M & N, Cocoons (M, dorsal view; N, lateral view); O, Antenna showing three unpigmented annulations of segment 2; P, Mandible; Q, Hypostoma; R, Head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for M and N; 0.1 mm for G and R; 0.05 mm for O; 0.02 mm for H, K, P and Q; 0.01 mm for A-F, I, J and L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571635/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
H).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BEF86532B176A242FF7BFA48FDCCF942" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="F65D36B9B176A242FF7BFA48FDCCF942" blockId="64.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FF7BFA48FEADFA47" bold="true" box="[199,315,1412,1437]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This new species is characterized by the pupal gill with 12 filaments arranged in four groups (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB176A242FAD3FA48FF23FA1A" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[245,1353,212,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[217,1370,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pupa and larva of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A – N, Pupa and O – R, Larva. A, Frontal trichomes; B, Facial trichome; C – F, Thoracic trichomes (C, anterodorsal; D, anterolateral; E, mediolateral; F, ventrolateral); G, Gill filaments (left side; dorsal view); H, Enlargement of filament showing black pigments inside cuticle; I, Hair-like seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; J, Hair-like seta and minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; K, Terminal hooks (caudal view); L, Grapnel-shaped hooklet on lateral surface of abdominal segment 9; M & N, Cocoons (M, dorsal view; N, lateral view); O, Antenna showing three unpigmented annulations of segment 2; P, Mandible; Q, Hypostoma; R, Head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for M and N; 0.1 mm for G and R; 0.05 mm for O; 0.02 mm for H, K, P and Q; 0.01 mm for A-F, I, J and L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571635/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
G), and wall-pocket-shaped cocoon (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB176A242FDE1FA6BFD24FA1A" box="[605,690,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[245,1353,212,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[217,1370,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pupa and larva of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A – N, Pupa and O – R, Larva. A, Frontal trichomes; B, Facial trichome; C – F, Thoracic trichomes (C, anterodorsal; D, anterolateral; E, mediolateral; F, ventrolateral); G, Gill filaments (left side; dorsal view); H, Enlargement of filament showing black pigments inside cuticle; I, Hair-like seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; J, Hair-like seta and minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; K, Terminal hooks (caudal view); L, Grapnel-shaped hooklet on lateral surface of abdominal segment 9; M & N, Cocoons (M, dorsal view; N, lateral view); O, Antenna showing three unpigmented annulations of segment 2; P, Mandible; Q, Hypostoma; R, Head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for M and N; 0.1 mm for G and R; 0.05 mm for O; 0.02 mm for H, K, P and Q; 0.01 mm for A-F, I, J and L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571635/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
M, N). In the arrangement of the pupal gill, this species is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB176A242FEB0FA00FD77FA3F" authority="Takaoka & Choochote" authorityName="Takaoka & Choochote" box="[268,737,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angkaense" subGenus="Montisimulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FEB0FA00FE8CFA39" box="[268,282,1484,1507]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FE8FFA01FEDCFA3E" box="[307,330,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">M</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FEDFFA00FE4FFA3E" box="[355,473,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">angkaense</emphasis>
|
||
Takaoka & Choochote
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EF57629B176A242FC94FA00FC1AFA3F" box="[808,908,1484,1509]" name="Thailand" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92734B48B176A242FC20FA00FB69FA3F" author="Takaoka" box="[924,1279,1484,1509]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refString="Takaoka, H. & Choochote, W. (2005 a) Discovery of two more new species of Simulium (Montisimulium) (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Doi Inthanon National Park, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Tropical Medicine and Health, 33 (4), 209 - 215." type="journal article" year="2005" yearSuffix="a">Takaoka and Choochote 2005a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92734B48B176A242FAB0FA00FAD0FA3E" author="Choochote" box="[1292,1350,1484,1508]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refString="Takaoka, H. & Choochote, W. (2009) Description of the female and male of Simulium (Montisimulium) angkaense (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thailand. Medical Entomology and Zoology, 60 (2), 113 - 118. https: // doi. org / 10.7601 / mez. 60.113" type="journal article" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB176A242FA3BFA00FE3BF9DD" authority="Datta" authorityName="Datta" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemorivagum" subGenus="Montisimulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FA3BFA00FA03FA39" box="[1415,1429,1484,1507]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FF1CFA3DFF21F9D2" box="[160,183,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">M</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FF73FA3CFEFFF9DD" box="[207,361,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">nemorivagum</emphasis>
|
||
Datta
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EF57629B176A242FE4DFA23FDBCF9D2" box="[497,554,1519,1544]" name="India" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92734B48B176A242FD85FA3CFD2CF9D2" author="Datta" box="[569,698,1520,1544]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refString="Datta, M. (1973) New species of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of the subgenera Eusimulium Roubaud and Gomphostilbia Enderlein from the Darjeeling area, India. Oriental Insects, 7, 363 - 402." type="journal article" year="1973">Datta 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This new species is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB176A242FB3AFA3CFAC6F9D2" box="[1158,1360,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angkaense" subGenus="Montisimulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FB3AFA3CFB02F9DD" box="[1158,1172,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FB10FA3DFB55F9D2" box="[1196,1219,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">M</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FB66FA3CFAC6F9D2" box="[1242,1360,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">angkaense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB176A242FA3BFA3CFEFEF9F6" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemorivagum" subGenus="Montisimulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FA3BFA3CFA03F9DD" box="[1415,1429,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FF1CF9D9FF21F9F6" box="[160,183,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">M</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FF72F9D9FEFEF9F6" box="[206,360,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">nemorivagum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the male upper-eye facets in 17 vertical columns and 19 horizontal rows (20 vertical columns and 22 horizontal rows in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB176A242FE5CF9F4FD2FF98A" box="[480,697,1592,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angkaense" subGenus="Montisimulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FE5CF9F4FE78F995" box="[480,494,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FDB1F9F5FDB2F98A" box="[525,548,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">M</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FDFFF9F4FD2FF98A" box="[579,697,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">angkaense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and 12 vertical columns and 14 horizontal rows in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB176A242FAF4F9F4FEA7F9AE" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemorivagum" subGenus="Montisimulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FAF4F9F4FAC0F995" box="[1352,1366,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FAC8F9F5FA1DF98A" box="[1396,1419,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">M</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FF2BF991FEA7F9AE" box="[151,305,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">nemorivagum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and also from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB176A242FE4CF990FD2BF9AE" box="[496,701,1628,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angkaense" subGenus="Montisimulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FE4CF990FE68F9A9" box="[496,510,1628,1651]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FDABF991FDB8F9AE" box="[535,558,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">M</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="C496EAABB176A242FDFBF990FD2BF9AE" box="[583,701,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">angkaense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the pupa by the presence of grapnel-shaped hooklets on each side of abdominal segment 9 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6ED92A3CB176A242FE54F9B3FDADF942" box="[488,571,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[245,1353,212,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[217,1370,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pupa and larva of Simulium (Montisimulium) nigrofilum sp. nov. A – N, Pupa and O – R, Larva. A, Frontal trichomes; B, Facial trichome; C – F, Thoracic trichomes (C, anterodorsal; D, anterolateral; E, mediolateral; F, ventrolateral); G, Gill filaments (left side; dorsal view); H, Enlargement of filament showing black pigments inside cuticle; I, Hair-like seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 1; J, Hair-like seta and minute seta on dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2; K, Terminal hooks (caudal view); L, Grapnel-shaped hooklet on lateral surface of abdominal segment 9; M & N, Cocoons (M, dorsal view; N, lateral view); O, Antenna showing three unpigmented annulations of segment 2; P, Mandible; Q, Hypostoma; R, Head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars. 1.0 mm for M and N; 0.1 mm for G and R; 0.05 mm for O; 0.02 mm for H, K, P and Q; 0.01 mm for A-F, I, J and L." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/571635/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
L).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |