416 lines
41 KiB
XML
416 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document id="7FF68A3353EF97A9C49540ECAD78CD89" ID-CLB-Dataset="24289" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3614972" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c026b052-b7ca-498d-b55b-5b3c092d0c84" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3614972" IM.bibliography_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1579602425444" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Hunt, A. P. & Lucas, S. G." docDate="1992" docId="794487B6D639860EFF90FB47F717FC52" docLanguage="en" docName="HuntLucas1992_OCR.pdf.image.imf" docOrigin="New Mexico Geological Society, New Mexico Geological Society 43 rd Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Ceratopsia" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="231" masterDocId="857DFFCED629861EFFECFFB2FFF2FD21" masterDocTitle="Stratigraphy, paleontology and age of the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations (upper Cretaceous), San Juan Basin, New Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="239" masterPageNumber="217" pageNumber="231" updateTime="1698778392093" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4F1A797B82FA28638696CAE52D2DD780">
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<mods:title id="062640C317AA9FB2349B0F43E8A77BBF">Stratigraphy, paleontology and age of the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations (upper Cretaceous), San Juan Basin, New Mexico</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="957FFAFB1298196A83ADE8421C4FF803">Hunt, A. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="25531489CC9D7F2F7A3AE681A860F9A6">Lucas, S. G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="6E5A191AB9952EDF19DAE8E91819085B">1992</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="9FBD0C7DBF290BE799B025607B89BA65">New Mexico Geological Society 43 rd Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook</mods:publisher>
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<mods:namePart id="91017B432F718EBE09B4E60F13C327E3">Lucas, S. G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EACFA2286C4A32BDFEAE70E2223ACE2F">Kues, B. S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="86558B46587B578A9351276A05033F07">Williamson, T. E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BE00247CB66DE5F2624499A986AEF072">Hunt, A. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D39E75875B8CCCEABA8DFF120F8DF45D">New Mexico Geological Society</mods:title>
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<mods:identifier id="5E081D5B5DE5D0A87812CD47F6957F27" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3614972</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="794487B6D639860EFF90FB47F717FC52" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4420217" ID-GBIF-Taxon="161786624" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4420217" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:794487B6D639860EFF90FB47F717FC52" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/794487B6D639860EFF90FB47F717FC52" lastPageNumber="231" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">
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<subSubSection id="B9F7652BD639860EFF90FB47FE99F834" box="[124,363,1269,1301]" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F15236A0D639860EFF90FB47FE99F834" blockId="16.[84,1159,1145,3009]" box="[124,363,1269,1301]" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">
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<taxonomicName id="36ED4D23D639860EFF90FB47FE99F834" authority="Marsh, 1890" box="[124,363,1269,1301]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Ceratopsia">
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<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFF90FB47FE99F834" box="[124,363,1269,1301]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">Ceratopsians —</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B9F7652BD639860EFE87FB47F717FC52" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="F15236A0D639860EFE87FB47FC95FB95" blockId="16.[84,1159,1145,3009]" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">
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<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFE87FB47FE43F834" bold="true" box="[363,433,1269,1301]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">Four</emphasis>
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taxa
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<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFDFEFB47FB77F834" box="[530,1157,1269,1301]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">of ceratopsians are currently recognized</emphasis>
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from
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<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFF45FAACFF27F81F" box="[169,213,1310,1342]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">the</emphasis>
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Fruitland
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<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFE9EFAACFE5AF81F" box="[370,424,1310,1342]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">and</emphasis>
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Kirtland Formations.
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<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFD1FFAACFCEEF81F" box="[755,796,1310,1342]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">Cf</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFCC1FAACFB77F81F" box="[813,1157,1310,1342]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">
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<taxonomicName id="36ED4D23D639860EFCC1FAACFBFBF81F" authorityName="Lambe" authorityYear="1914" box="[813,1033,1310,1342]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Chasmosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chasmosaurus</taxonomicName>
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is based
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</emphasis>
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on a horn core that can be
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<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFE19FAF5FD66F846" box="[501,660,1351,1383]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">reasonably</emphasis>
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assigned to this taxon (
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<bibRefCitation id="957C4B51D639860EFC11FAF5FF56F8B0" author="Gilmore" firstAuthor="Gilmore" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" pagination="159 - 188" part="83" refId="ref18124" refString="Gilmore, C. W., 1935. On the Reptilia of the Kirtland Formation of New Mexico, with descriptions of new species of fossil turtles: Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, v. 83, p. 159 - 188" title="On the Reptilia of the Kirtland Formation of New Mexico, with descriptions of new species of fossil turtles" type="journal article" year="1935">Gilmore, 1935</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="957C4B51D639860EFF5BFAC3FE3CF8B0" author="Lucas" box="[183,462,1393,1425]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lucas" journalOrPublisher="Geological Society of America, Special Paper" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" pagination="35 - 50" part="209" refId="ref19807" refString="Lucas, S. G .. Mateer. N. J .. Hunt. A. P. and O'Neill. F. M. 1987, Dinosaurs, the age of the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations, and the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the San Juan Basin. New Mexico: Geological Society of America, Special Paper 209, p. 35 - 50" title="Dinosaurs, the age of the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations, and the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the San Juan Basin. New Mexico" type="journal article" year="1987">
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Lucas
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<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFEF7FAC3FEC7F8B0" box="[283,309,1393,1425]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">et</emphasis>
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al., 1987
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFE06FAC3FD12F8B0" box="[490,736,1393,1425]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">
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<taxonomicName id="36ED4D23D639860EFE06FAC3FD4DF8B0" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1923" box="[490,703,1393,1425]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Pentaceratops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pentaceratops</taxonomicName>
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is
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</emphasis>
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represented by two
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<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFBE3FAC3FB76F8B0" box="[1039,1156,1393,1425]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">putative</emphasis>
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species. Having
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<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFEB5FA29FE1BF89A" box="[345,489,1435,1467]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">examined</emphasis>
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all the skulls of
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<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFD02FA29FCCAF89A" box="[750,824,1435,1467]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">these</emphasis>
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||
species,
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<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFC26FA29FC01F89A" box="[970,1011,1435,1467]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">we</emphasis>
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||
conclude
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||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFFBAFA76FF7FF8C5" bold="true" box="[86,141,1476,1508]" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">that</emphasis>
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||
only
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<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFF06FA76FE2CF8C5" box="[234,478,1476,1508]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">
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||
<taxonomicName id="36ED4D23D639860EFF06FA76FE48F8C5" authorityName="Eutheria" authorityYear="1992" box="[234,442,1476,1508]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Pentaceratops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sternbergii">P. sternbergii</taxonomicName>
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is
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</emphasis>
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valid.
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<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFDA0FA76FC01F8C5" box="[588,1011,1476,1508]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">
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<taxonomicName id="36ED4D23D639860EFDA0FA76FCD3F8C5" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1923" box="[588,801,1476,1508]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Pentaceratops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pentaceratops</taxonomicName>
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fenestratus is
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</emphasis>
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based on
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<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFFBAFA5DFF94FB2E" box="[86,102,1519,1551]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">a</emphasis>
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skull distinguished
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<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFE4FFA5DFDE5FB2E" box="[419,535,1519,1551]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">only by</emphasis>
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||
an accessory "
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<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFCE8FA5DFC7FFB2E" box="[772,909,1519,1551]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">foramen</emphasis>
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" on one side of
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<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFFB9F9AAFF71FB19" box="[85,131,1560,1592]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">the</emphasis>
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frill (
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<bibRefCitation id="957C4B51D639860EFF0FF9AAFE4FFB19" author="Wiman" box="[227,445,1560,1592]" firstAuthor="Wiman" journalOrPublisher="Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientarum Upsaliensis, fourth series" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" pagination="1 - 19" part="7" refId="ref21285" refString="Wiman. C., 1930. Uber Ceratopsia aus der Oberen Kreide in New Mexico: Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientarum Upsaliensis, fourth series, v. 7 (2), p. 1 - 19." title="Uber Ceratopsia aus der Oberen Kreide in New Mexico" type="journal article" year="1930">Wiman, 1930</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Since this "
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<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFD67F9AAFCE8FB19" box="[651,794,1560,1592]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">foramen</emphasis>
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||
" is
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<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFCB5F9AAFC68FB19" box="[857,922,1560,1592]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">only</emphasis>
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present on one side of one
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||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFEE4F9F3FECCFB40" bold="true" box="[264,318,1601,1633]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">frill</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="957C4B51D639860EFEB9F9F3FDD1FB40" author="Mateer" box="[341,547,1601,1633]" editor="Lucas. S. G. & Rigby, J. K. Jr. & Kues, B. S." firstAuthor="Mateer" journalOrPublisher="University of New Mexico Press" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" pagination="49 - 75" refId="ref19873" refString="Mateer, N. J., 1981, The reptilian megafauna from the Kirtland Shale (Late Cretaceous) of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico; n Lucas. S. G., Rigby, J. K. Jr. and Kues, B. S., eds .. Advances in San Juan Basin paleontology: Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, p. 49 - 75" title="The reptilian megafauna from the Kirtland Shale (Late Cretaceous) of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Advances in San Juan Basin paleontology" year="1981">
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||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFEB9F9F3FE31FB40" box="[341,451,1601,1633]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">Mateer</emphasis>
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||
, 1981
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFDDBF9F3FDA4FB40" box="[567,598,1601,1633]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">pl</emphasis>
|
||
. 3.1),
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFD53F9F3FD23FB40" bold="true" box="[703,721,1601,1633]" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">it</emphasis>
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||
is
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFD12F9F3FC72FB40" box="[766,896,1601,1633]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">probably</emphasis>
|
||
a
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||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFC4AF9F3FBC8FB40" box="[934,1082,1601,1633]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">pathology</emphasis>
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||
. The skeleton described
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFE96F9D8FE6CFBAB" box="[378,414,1642,1674]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">by</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="957C4B51D639860EFE47F9D8FD71FBAB" author="Wiman" box="[427,643,1642,1674]" firstAuthor="Wiman" journalOrPublisher="Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientarum Upsaliensis, fourth series" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" pagination="1 - 19" part="7" refId="ref21285" refString="Wiman. C., 1930. Uber Ceratopsia aus der Oberen Kreide in New Mexico: Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientarum Upsaliensis, fourth series, v. 7 (2), p. 1 - 19." title="Uber Ceratopsia aus der Oberen Kreide in New Mexico" type="journal article" year="1930">Wiman (1930)</bibRefCitation>
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||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFD63F9D8FBDFFBAB" box="[655,1069,1642,1674]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36ED4D23D639860EFD5AF9D8FC78FBAB" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1923" box="[694,906,1642,1674]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Pentaceratops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pentaceratops</taxonomicName>
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||
was found
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
with out a skull and its
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFE96F926FE0BFB95" box="[378,505,1684,1716]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">affinities</emphasis>
|
||
are
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFDAEF926FD3AFB95" box="[578,712,1684,1716]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">presently</emphasis>
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||
unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="F15236A0D639860EFF91F90EFC40FAA2" blockId="16.[84,1159,1145,3009]" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="957C4B51D639860EFF91F90EFDE2FBFD" author="Dodson and Currie" box="[125,528,1724,1756]" editor="Weishampel, D. B. & Dodson, P. & Osmolska, H." firstAuthor="Dodson" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" pagination="593 - 618" refId="ref17488" refString="Dodson. P. and Currie. P. J., 1990, Neoceratopsia; in Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P. and Osmolska, H., eds .. The Dinosauria: Berkeley, University of California Press, p. 593 - 618" title="Neoceratopsia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The Dinosauria" year="1990">Dodson and Currie (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36ED4D23D639860EFCEEF90EFC24FBFD" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1923" box="[770,982,1724,1756]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Pentaceratops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pentaceratops</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFC08F90EFBCAFBFD" bold="true" box="[996,1080,1724,1756]" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">might</emphasis>
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||
be a subjective junior synonym
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFE1EF957FBF8FA24" box="[498,1034,1765,1797]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36ED4D23D639860EFDF7F957FD0EFA24" authorityName="Lambe" authorityYear="1914" box="[539,764,1765,1797]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Chasmosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chasmosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These genera
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFC31F957FBF8FA24" bold="true" box="[989,1034,1765,1797]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">are</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
similar, but
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFF79F8BDFF4DFA0E" box="[149,191,1807,1839]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">we</emphasis>
|
||
believe
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFEA6F8BDFE72FA0E" box="[330,384,1807,1839]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">that</emphasis>
|
||
relative elongation
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFD5BF8BDFCE2FA0E" box="[695,784,1807,1839]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">of the</emphasis>
|
||
frill in
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFC67F8BDFB76FA0E" box="[907,1156,1807,1839]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36ED4D23D639860EFC67F8BDFBADFA0E" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1923" box="[907,1119,1807,1839]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Pentaceratops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pentaceratops</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
a
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFF9EF88AFE47FA79" box="[114,437,1848,1880]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">diagnostic difference</emphasis>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFD85F88AFD60FA79" box="[617,658,1848,1880]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">we</emphasis>
|
||
urge
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFD00F88AFC58FA79" box="[748,938,1848,1880]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">further study</emphasis>
|
||
of the various
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFFBAF8D1FF5FFAA2" box="[86,173,1891,1923]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">skulls</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36ED4D23D639860EFF04F8D1FE4FFAA2" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1923" box="[232,445,1891,1923]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Pentaceratops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFF04F8D1FE4FFAA2" box="[232,445,1891,1923]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">Pentaceratops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFE19F8D1FD2EFAA2" box="[501,732,1891,1923]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">gauge variation</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFD00F8D1FCB5FAA2" bold="true" box="[748,839,1891,1923]" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">in this</emphasis>
|
||
genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F15236A0D639860EFF90F839FD17F7CF" blockId="16.[84,1159,1145,3009]" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFF90F839FF47FA8A" box="[124,181,1931,1963]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">The</emphasis>
|
||
presence
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFEB7F839FDADFA8A" box="[347,607,1931,1963]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36ED4D23D639860EFE66F839FDADFA8A" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1923" box="[394,607,1931,1963]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Pentaceratops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pentaceratops</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in the
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFD36F839FC7EFA8A" box="[730,908,1931,1963]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">Naashoibito</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFC72F839FBE9FA8A" bold="true" box="[926,1051,1931,1963]" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">Member</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFBC6F839FB76FA8A" box="[1066,1156,1931,1963]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">of the</emphasis>
|
||
Kirtland Formation
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFE62F807FE56FAF4" box="[398,420,1973,2005]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">is</emphasis>
|
||
based on
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFDA5F807FCC8FAF4" box="[585,826,1973,2005]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">three specimens</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="957C4B51D639860EFCB8F807FB80FAF4" author="Lucas" box="[852,1138,1973,2005]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lucas" journalOrPublisher="Geological Society of America, Special Paper" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" pagination="35 - 50" part="209" refId="ref19807" refString="Lucas, S. G .. Mateer. N. J .. Hunt. A. P. and O'Neill. F. M. 1987, Dinosaurs, the age of the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations, and the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the San Juan Basin. New Mexico: Geological Society of America, Special Paper 209, p. 35 - 50" title="Dinosaurs, the age of the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations, and the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the San Juan Basin. New Mexico" type="journal article" year="1987">
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFCB8F807FC59FAF4" box="[852,939,1973,2005]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">Lucas</emphasis>
|
||
et al., 1987
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="957C4B51D639860EFFB9F86CFE9DFADF" author="Lucas" box="[85,367,2014,2046]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lucas" journalOrPublisher="Geological Society of America, Special Paper" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" pagination="35 - 50" part="209" refId="ref19807" refString="Lucas, S. G .. Mateer. N. J .. Hunt. A. P. and O'Neill. F. M. 1987, Dinosaurs, the age of the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations, and the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the San Juan Basin. New Mexico: Geological Society of America, Special Paper 209, p. 35 - 50" title="Dinosaurs, the age of the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations, and the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the San Juan Basin. New Mexico" type="journal article" year="1987">
|
||
Lucas et
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFF0EF86CFEF2FADF" bold="true" box="[226,256,2014,2046]" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1987
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 5F) illustrated an
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFD23F86CFC68FADF" box="[719,922,2014,2046]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">indeterminate</emphasis>
|
||
partial frill and postcranial elements. This
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFE00F7BAFD85F509" bold="true" box="[492,631,2056,2088]" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">specimen</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFD6FF7BAFCE4F509" box="[643,790,2056,2088]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">represents</emphasis>
|
||
a small ceratopsian with well-developed epoccipitals that is
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFD9FF781FD12F572" box="[627,736,2099,2131]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">distinct</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFCADF781FBDEF572" box="[833,1068,2099,2131]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36ED4D23D639860EFCADF781FC18F572" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1891" box="[833,1002,2099,2131]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Torosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Torosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
other Naashoibito ceratopsian. Similarly,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="41853CFDD639860EFD6FF7EEFCA3F55D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396385302" box="[643,849,2140,2172]" collectionCode="USNM" httpUri="http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3dc12a6bb-4520-4c67-aecd-d2b34afe30a2" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" specimenCode="USNM 12741">USNM 12741</materialsCitation>
|
||
is
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFC66F7EEFC58F55D" box="[906,938,2140,2172]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">an</emphasis>
|
||
indeterminate partial skull of
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFEA7F735FE45F586" box="[331,439,2183,2215]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">a small</emphasis>
|
||
ceratopsian.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="41853CFDD639860EFD67F735FC7EF586" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2556252057" box="[651,908,2183,2215]" collectionCode="OSM" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" specimenCode="OSM 40-IX-1-41">
|
||
OSM 40-
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFCF0F735FCA6F586" box="[796,852,2183,2215]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">IX-</emphasis>
|
||
1-41
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
through
|
||
<materialsCitation id="41853CFDD639860EFBCCF735FF55F5F1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2556252056" collectionCode="OSM" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" specimenCode="OSM 40-IX-44-41">40-IX- 44-41</materialsCitation>
|
||
is
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFF0CF702FF1DF5F1" box="[224,239,2224,2256]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">a</emphasis>
|
||
skull
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFEBFF702FDC5F5F1" box="[339,567,2224,2256]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">and postcranial</emphasis>
|
||
skeleton of
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFD1BF702FF11F5D8" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36ED4D23D639860EFD1BF702FB8FF5F1" authorityName="Eutheria" authorityYear="1992" box="[759,1149,2224,2256]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Pentaceratops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sternbergii">Pentaceratops sternbergii</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFF1BF76BFE18F5D8" box="[247,490,2265,2297]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">this specimen is</emphasis>
|
||
not from the Naashoibito Member as stated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="957C4B51D639860EFF60F6B0FE4DF403" author="Lucas" box="[140,447,2306,2338]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lucas" journalOrPublisher="Geological Society of America, Special Paper" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" pagination="35 - 50" part="209" refId="ref19807" refString="Lucas, S. G .. Mateer. N. J .. Hunt. A. P. and O'Neill. F. M. 1987, Dinosaurs, the age of the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations, and the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the San Juan Basin. New Mexico: Geological Society of America, Special Paper 209, p. 35 - 50" title="Dinosaurs, the age of the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations, and the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the San Juan Basin. New Mexico" type="journal article" year="1987">
|
||
Lucas
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFF19F6B0FEE2F403" box="[245,272,2306,2338]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">et</emphasis>
|
||
al. (1987)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFE35F6B0FDEBF403" box="[473,537,2306,2338]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">This</emphasis>
|
||
specimen
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFD24F6B0FC94F403" box="[712,870,2306,2338]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">was found</emphasis>
|
||
"in
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFC56F6B0FDC3F46A" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">highly carbo naceous flaky shale containing</emphasis>
|
||
plant
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFD77F699FCDFF46A" box="[667,813,2347,2379]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">fragments</emphasis>
|
||
&
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFC85F699FC48F46A" box="[873,954,2347,2379]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">much</emphasis>
|
||
fossil resin" (Langston in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="957C4B51D639860EFEC3F6E7FDBBF454" author="Kues" bookContentInfo="1525 p." box="[303,585,2389,2421]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kues" journalOrPublisher="Unpublished Report to U. S. Bu - reau of Land Management, Albuquerque" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" refId="ref19031" refString="Kues, B. S., Froehlich, J. W., Schiebout, J. A. and Lucas, S. G .. 1977, Paleontological survey, resource assessment and mitigation plan for the Bisti- Star Lake area, northwestern New Mexico: Unpublished Report to U. S. Bu - reau of Land Management, Albuquerque, 1525 p." title="Paleontological survey, resource assessment and mitigation plan for the Bisti- Star Lake area, northwestern New Mexico" type="book" year="1977">Kues et al., 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 377). Since no megafossil plant
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFFB9F6CDFEEDF4BE" box="[85,287,2431,2463]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">remains have</emphasis>
|
||
ever been
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFE26F6CDFDD2F4BE" bold="true" box="[458,544,2431,2463]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">found</emphasis>
|
||
in the
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFD61F6CDFC39F4BE" box="[653,971,2431,2463]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">Naashoibito Member</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFC0CF6CDFC03F4BE" bold="true" box="[992,1009,2431,2463]" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">it</emphasis>
|
||
is certain that the Oklahoma
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFE94F61AFDF1F4E9" box="[376,515,2472,2504]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">specimen</emphasis>
|
||
came from
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFD57F61AFCFDF4E9" box="[699,783,2472,2504]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">lower</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFCF5F61AFCC0F4E9" bold="true" box="[793,818,2472,2504]" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">in</emphasis>
|
||
the Fruitland-Kirtland
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFFB9F660FF17F4D3" box="[85,229,2514,2546]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">sequence</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFF16F660FE03F4D3" box="[250,497,2514,2546]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">
|
||
The presence
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFE3CF660FE03F4D3" bold="true" box="[464,497,2514,2546]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">of</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
abundant
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFD7DF660FD2BF4D3" box="[657,729,2514,2546]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">plant</emphasis>
|
||
debris, fissile carbonaceous shale
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFF5CF649FF17F73A" box="[176,229,2555,2587]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">and</emphasis>
|
||
amber
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFEB2F649FE24F73A" box="[350,470,2555,2587]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">strongly</emphasis>
|
||
suggests that this specimen derives from the Fruitland Formation. In
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFE39F596FDADF765" box="[469,607,2596,2628]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">summary</emphasis>
|
||
, no
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFD45F596FEC2F74F" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">diagnostic specimens of Penta ceratops have</emphasis>
|
||
been recovered from
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFD74F5FCFD36F74F" box="[664,708,2638,2670]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">the</emphasis>
|
||
Naashoibito Member of the
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFFBAF5CAFF21F7B9" box="[86,211,2680,2712]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">Kirtland</emphasis>
|
||
Formation and it is likely
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFD82F5CAFD2FF7B9" box="[622,733,2680,2712]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">that the</emphasis>
|
||
small identified ceratopsian
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFFB8F511FF1FF7E2" bold="true" box="[84,237,2723,2755]" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">represents</emphasis>
|
||
the same taxon as is found in
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFD29F511FCE3F7E2" box="[709,785,2723,2755]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">other</emphasis>
|
||
Lancian localities in the
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFFB8F57CFF27F7CF" box="[84,213,2766,2798]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">southern</emphasis>
|
||
Western
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFE81F57CFE2EF7CF" box="[365,476,2766,2798]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">Interior</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="957C4B51D639860EFE18F57CFD25F7CF" author="Lehman" box="[500,727,2766,2798]" firstAuthor="Lehman" journalOrPublisher="Palaeogeography. Pa - laeoclimatology, Palacoecology" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" pagination="189 - 217" part="60" refId="ref19304" refString="Lehman. T. M., 1987, Late Maastrichtian paleoenvironments and dinosaur bio - geography in the Western Interior of North America: Palaeogeography. Pa - laeoclimatology, Palacoecology, v. 60, p. 189 - 217" title="Late Maastrichtian paleoenvironments and dinosaur bio - geography in the Western Interior of North America" type="journal article" year="1987">Lehman, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F15236A0D639860EFF91F54AF717FC52" blockId="16.[84,1159,1145,3009]" lastBlockId="16.[1237,2309,172,376]" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFF91F54AFE38F639" box="[125,458,2808,2840]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36ED4D23D639860EFF91F54AFEDAF639" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1891" box="[125,296,2808,2840]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Torosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Torosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFE38F54AFDBDF639" bold="true" box="[468,591,2808,2840]" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">
|
||
from
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFDC8F54AFDBDF639" box="[548,591,2808,2840]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">the</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Naashoibito were
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFC8FF54AFC0CF639" bold="true" box="[867,1022,2808,2840]" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">previously</emphasis>
|
||
assigned
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFFB9F492FF80F661" box="[85,114,2848,2880]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">to</emphasis>
|
||
the species
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFEC5F492FE11F661" box="[297,483,2848,2880]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36ED4D23D639860EFEC5F492FE2FF661" authorityName="Gilmore" authorityYear="1976" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[297,477,2848,2880]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Torosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="utahensis">T. utahensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
but this
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFD8BF492FD8FF661" bold="true" box="[615,637,2848,2880]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">is</emphasis>
|
||
now considered a
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFC61F492FC1AF661" box="[909,1000,2848,2880]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">junior</emphasis>
|
||
subjective synonym
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFF1DF4F9FEC4F64A" bold="true" box="[241,310,2891,2923]" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">of T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36ED4D23D639860EFEA3F4F9FCA2F64A" authority="(Dodson and Currie, 1990)" authorityName="Dodson and Currie" authorityYear="1990" baseAuthorityName="Dodson and Currie" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[335,848,2891,2923]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Torosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFEA3F4F9FE64F64A" box="[335,406,2891,2923]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">latus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="957C4B51D639860EFE5FF4F9FCB4F64A" author="Dodson and Currie" box="[435,838,2891,2923]" editor="Weishampel, D. B. & Dodson, P. & Osmolska, H." firstAuthor="Dodson" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" pagination="593 - 618" refId="ref17488" refString="Dodson. P. and Currie. P. J., 1990, Neoceratopsia; in Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P. and Osmolska, H., eds .. The Dinosauria: Berkeley, University of California Press, p. 593 - 618" title="Neoceratopsia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The Dinosauria" year="1990">Dodson and Currie, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFC86F4F9FB77F64A" box="[874,1157,2891,2923]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">We strongly doubt</emphasis>
|
||
that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36ED4D23D639860EFF7BF4C0FEF7F6B3" baseAuthorityName="Dodson and Currie" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[151,261,2930,2962]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Torosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFF7BF4C0FEF7F6B3" box="[151,261,2930,2962]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">T. latus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a male
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFE79F4C0FC5FF6B3" box="[405,941,2930,2962]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36ED4D23D639860EFE79F4C0FDB0F6B3" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1889" box="[405,578,2930,2962]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Triceratops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Triceratops</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="957C4B51D639860EFCD3F4C0FC5FF6B3" author="Ostrom, J. H. & Wellnofer, P .." box="[831,941,2930,2962]" editor="Carpenter, K. & Currie. P. J." firstAuthor="Ostrom" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge University Press" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" pagination="245 - 254" refId="ref20149" refString="Ostrom, J. H. and Wellnofer, P .. 1990, Triceratops: an example of flawed systematics; n Carpenter, K. and Currie. P. J., eds., Dinosaur systematics: perspectives and approaches: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, p. 245 - 254" title="Triceratops: an example of flawed systematics" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Dinosaur systematics: perspectives and approaches" year="1990">Ostrom</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and Wellnofer (1990).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36ED4D23D639860EFF3DF42CFE8FF69F" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1889" box="[209,381,2974,3006]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Triceratops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Triceratops</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFE6BF42CFE6FF69F" box="[391,413,2974,3006]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">is</emphasis>
|
||
unknown
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFDD7F42CFDA7F69F" box="[571,597,2974,3006]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">in</emphasis>
|
||
the
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFD78F42CFC89F69F" box="[660,891,2974,3006]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">southern Rocky</emphasis>
|
||
Mountains
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFBC1F42CFA70FDED" box="[1069,1410,172,3006]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">
|
||
where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36ED4D23D639860EFB3BFF1EFA70FDED" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1891" box="[1239,1410,172,204]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Torosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Torosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
occurs, although these taxa co-occur in the northern Western Interior. More strikingly, the number of known individuals of
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EF74DFF67FA3FFC3E" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36ED4D23D639860EF74DFF67FADAFC3E" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1889" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Triceratops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Triceratops</taxonomicName>
|
||
compared
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
to the number
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EF926FF4DF918FC3E" box="[1738,1770,255,287]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">of</emphasis>
|
||
individuals of
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EF830FF4DF6F6FC3E" box="[2012,2308,255,287]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36ED4D23D639860EF830FF4DF770FC3E" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1891" box="[2012,2178,255,287]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Torosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Torosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
than 50:1.
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFA6CFE9AFA29FC69" bold="true" box="[1408,1499,296,328]" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">Given</emphasis>
|
||
this ratio and
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EF951FE9AF8F2FC69" box="[1725,1792,296,328]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">their</emphasis>
|
||
geographic
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EF850FE9AF7CEFC69" box="[1980,2108,296,328]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">disparity</emphasis>
|
||
it is unlikely that
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EFAF2FEE1FA98FC52" box="[1310,1386,339,371]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">these</emphasis>
|
||
taxa are sexual dimorphs,
|
||
<emphasis id="C399EAB2D639860EF8FCFEE1F879FC52" box="[1808,1931,339,371]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="231">ignoring</emphasis>
|
||
morphological details.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |