557 lines
72 KiB
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557 lines
72 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5249.5.6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7701406" ID-ZooBank="8681E14B-A91B-40B6-9FDB-F696770D2FC0" checkinTime="1678098186280" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Abato, Jamael, Yoshida, Ryuta & Kajihara, Hiroshi" docDate="2023" docId="542E4F56FFD3FFCFFF18FF55FACBFA19" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5249.5.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5249 (5)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5249.5.6" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Oerstedia fuscosparsa Abato & Yoshida & Kajihara 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="595" masterDocId="A817372EFFD0FFC9FF8FFF8AFF84FFCF" masterDocTitle="Species description and phylogenetics of Oerstedia fuscosparsa sp. nov. (Nemertea: Monostilifera: Oerstediidae) from Japan" masterLastPageNumber="597" masterPageNumber="589" pageNumber="592" updateTime="1678184767486" updateUser="tatiana" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Species description and phylogenetics of Oerstedia fuscosparsa sp. nov. (Nemertea: Monostilifera: Oerstediidae) from Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Abato, Jamael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060 - 0810, Japan & Biology Department, Mindanao State University, Marawi City 9700, Philippines</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Yoshida, Ryuta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-8760-2869</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Tateyama Marine Laboratory, Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, Ochanomizu University, Kouyatsu, Tateyama, Chiba 294 - 0301, Japan. yoshida. ryuta @ ocha. ac. jp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8760 - 2869</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">yoshida.ryuta@ocha.ac.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kajihara, Hiroshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060 - 0810, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-03-06</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>5249</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>5</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>589</mods:start>
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<mods:end>597</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5249.5.6</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5249.5.6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7701406</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">8681E14B-A91B-40B6-9FDB-F696770D2FC0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:542E4F56FFD3FFCFFF18FF55FACBFA19" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/542E4F56FFD3FFCFFF18FF55FACBFA19" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="595" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,519,223,285]" box="[151,519,223,250]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,519,223,250]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,519,223,250]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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<taxonomicName authority="Abato & Yoshida & Kajihara, 2023" authorityName="Abato & Yoshida & Kajihara" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,417,223,250]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="fuscosparsa" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,417,223,250]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Oerstedia fuscosparsa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[425,519,223,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[151,268,259,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,519,223,285]" box="[151,268,259,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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(
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<figureCitation box="[159,230,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,883,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-242@3.[151,1436,883,1764]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oerstedia fuscosparsa sp. nov., photographs (A–H) and photomicrographs (I, J) taken in anaesthetised state. A, entire body, dorsal view; B, entire body, ventral view; C, entire body, left lateral view; D, entire body, ventral view; E, G, magnification of head, dorsal view; F, H, magnification of head, ventral view; I, head in squeezed preparation; J, stylet apparatus. A, B, E, F, ICHUM 8405 (holotype); C, D, G, H–J, ICHUM 8406 (paratype). Abbreviations: ao, anterior ocelli; as, accessory stylet; b, basis; br, brain; cs, central stylet; lb, lateral blood vessel; p, proboscis; po, posterior ocelli. Scale bars: A–D, 2 mm; E–H, 1 mm; I, J, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701408/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[244,259,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,181,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[166,1420,181,1899]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oerstedia fuscosparsa sp. nov., photomicrographs of transverse histological sections, ICHUM 8405 (holotype).A, posterior foregut region; B, intestinal region.Abbreviations: al, accessory lateral nerve; ic, intestinal caecal lumen; pr, proboscis; py, pylorus. Scale bars: A, B, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701410" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701410/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">2</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="592" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,331,861]" box="[151,924,331,358]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,385,331,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation box="[391,664,331,358]" collectionCode="ICHUM" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" specimenCode="ICHUM 8405" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<specimenCode box="[391,551,331,358]" collectionCode="ICHUM" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dk9x-54ca" name="Invertebrate Collection of the Hokkaido University Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">ICHUM 8405</specimenCode>
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,
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<typeStatus box="[562,664,331,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">holotype</typeStatus>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation box="[675,920,331,358]" collectionCode="ICHU" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" specimenCode="ICHU 8406" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCode box="[675,809,331,357]" collectionCode="ICHU" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">ICHU 8406</specimenCode>
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,
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<typeStatus box="[820,920,332,358]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">paratype</typeStatus>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,331,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,329,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Sequences.</emphasis>
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From
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<typeStatus box="[403,505,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">holotype</typeStatus>
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: see
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<tableCitation box="[557,641,367,393]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,244,476,502]" captionTargetBox="[165,1858,553,1712]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. List of Oerstedia species included in the phylogenetic analysis, GenBank accession numbers for 16S, 18S, 28S rRNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), and histone H3 gene markers, and their references." pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Table 1</tableCitation>
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. From
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<typeStatus box="[721,822,368,394]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">paratype</typeStatus>
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: OP256563 (16S), OP256565 (28S), OP265742 (COI), OP253977 (H3).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="593" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,331,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,439,465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Description.</emphasis>
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<emphasis box="[351,1033,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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External features of
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<typeStatus box="[578,674,439,465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">holotype</typeStatus>
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in living state (
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<figureCitation box="[848,1025,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,883,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-242@3.[151,1436,883,1764]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oerstedia fuscosparsa sp. nov., photographs (A–H) and photomicrographs (I, J) taken in anaesthetised state. A, entire body, dorsal view; B, entire body, ventral view; C, entire body, left lateral view; D, entire body, ventral view; E, G, magnification of head, dorsal view; F, H, magnification of head, ventral view; I, head in squeezed preparation; J, stylet apparatus. A, B, E, F, ICHUM 8405 (holotype); C, D, G, H–J, ICHUM 8406 (paratype). Abbreviations: ao, anterior ocelli; as, accessory stylet; b, basis; br, brain; cs, central stylet; lb, lateral blood vessel; p, proboscis; po, posterior ocelli. Scale bars: A–D, 2 mm; E–H, 1 mm; I, J, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701408/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Fig. 1A, B, E, F</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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. Body
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<quantity box="[1113,1199,439,466]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" unit="mm" value="7.9">7.9 mm</quantity>
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long when stretched, width
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||
<quantity box="[220,306,475,502]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
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, cylindrical, slender, firm, narrowing at anterior and posterior ends, with pale-yellow background postcerebrally (
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<figureCitation box="[278,399,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,883,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-242@3.[151,1436,883,1764]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oerstedia fuscosparsa sp. nov., photographs (A–H) and photomicrographs (I, J) taken in anaesthetised state. A, entire body, dorsal view; B, entire body, ventral view; C, entire body, left lateral view; D, entire body, ventral view; E, G, magnification of head, dorsal view; F, H, magnification of head, ventral view; I, head in squeezed preparation; J, stylet apparatus. A, B, E, F, ICHUM 8405 (holotype); C, D, G, H–J, ICHUM 8406 (paratype). Abbreviations: ao, anterior ocelli; as, accessory stylet; b, basis; br, brain; cs, central stylet; lb, lateral blood vessel; p, proboscis; po, posterior ocelli. Scale bars: A–D, 2 mm; E–H, 1 mm; I, J, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701408/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Fig. 1A, B</figureCitation>
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). Head bluntly round anteriorly in dorsal view, not demarcated from body, whitish opaque in background colour, ornamented with a few, small, brownish dots on tip; single, wide, brownish, transverse cephalic colour band encircling all around head, with posterior edge mid-dorsally directing backward (
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<figureCitation box="[1212,1331,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,883,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-242@3.[151,1436,883,1764]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oerstedia fuscosparsa sp. nov., photographs (A–H) and photomicrographs (I, J) taken in anaesthetised state. A, entire body, dorsal view; B, entire body, ventral view; C, entire body, left lateral view; D, entire body, ventral view; E, G, magnification of head, dorsal view; F, H, magnification of head, ventral view; I, head in squeezed preparation; J, stylet apparatus. A, B, E, F, ICHUM 8405 (holotype); C, D, G, H–J, ICHUM 8406 (paratype). Abbreviations: ao, anterior ocelli; as, accessory stylet; b, basis; br, brain; cs, central stylet; lb, lateral blood vessel; p, proboscis; po, posterior ocelli. Scale bars: A–D, 2 mm; E–H, 1 mm; I, J, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701408/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Fig. 1E, F</figureCitation>
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); another transverse colour band encircling posterior portion of head, deep brown in colour, mid-dorsally notched at anterior edge, situated post-cerebrally at short distance from cephalic colour band except on mid-ventral portion where these two bands are continuous (
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<figureCitation box="[515,632,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,883,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-242@3.[151,1436,883,1764]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oerstedia fuscosparsa sp. nov., photographs (A–H) and photomicrographs (I, J) taken in anaesthetised state. A, entire body, dorsal view; B, entire body, ventral view; C, entire body, left lateral view; D, entire body, ventral view; E, G, magnification of head, dorsal view; F, H, magnification of head, ventral view; I, head in squeezed preparation; J, stylet apparatus. A, B, E, F, ICHUM 8405 (holotype); C, D, G, H–J, ICHUM 8406 (paratype). Abbreviations: ao, anterior ocelli; as, accessory stylet; b, basis; br, brain; cs, central stylet; lb, lateral blood vessel; p, proboscis; po, posterior ocelli. Scale bars: A–D, 2 mm; E–H, 1 mm; I, J, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701408/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Fig. 1E, F</figureCitation>
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); cephalic furrow not notable; with four squarely arranged orange ocelli contained within transverse cephalic colour band (
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<figureCitation box="[722,808,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,883,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-242@3.[151,1436,883,1764]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oerstedia fuscosparsa sp. nov., photographs (A–H) and photomicrographs (I, J) taken in anaesthetised state. A, entire body, dorsal view; B, entire body, ventral view; C, entire body, left lateral view; D, entire body, ventral view; E, G, magnification of head, dorsal view; F, H, magnification of head, ventral view; I, head in squeezed preparation; J, stylet apparatus. A, B, E, F, ICHUM 8405 (holotype); C, D, G, H–J, ICHUM 8406 (paratype). Abbreviations: ao, anterior ocelli; as, accessory stylet; b, basis; br, brain; cs, central stylet; lb, lateral blood vessel; p, proboscis; po, posterior ocelli. Scale bars: A–D, 2 mm; E–H, 1 mm; I, J, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701408/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
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). Behind deep-coloured post-cerebral transverse colour band, additional 18 transverse bands present throughout body from posterior region of head to tail end, tightly arranged one after another, consisting of brown flecks; single, deep brown spot present on mid-dorsal portion of each of 18 bands (
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<figureCitation box="[355,444,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,883,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-242@3.[151,1436,883,1764]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oerstedia fuscosparsa sp. nov., photographs (A–H) and photomicrographs (I, J) taken in anaesthetised state. A, entire body, dorsal view; B, entire body, ventral view; C, entire body, left lateral view; D, entire body, ventral view; E, G, magnification of head, dorsal view; F, H, magnification of head, ventral view; I, head in squeezed preparation; J, stylet apparatus. A, B, E, F, ICHUM 8405 (holotype); C, D, G, H–J, ICHUM 8406 (paratype). Abbreviations: ao, anterior ocelli; as, accessory stylet; b, basis; br, brain; cs, central stylet; lb, lateral blood vessel; p, proboscis; po, posterior ocelli. Scale bars: A–D, 2 mm; E–H, 1 mm; I, J, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701408/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701408" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7701408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701408/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" startId="3.[152,255,1789,1813]" targetBox="[151,1436,883,1764]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,1789,1994]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,284,1789,1813]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Abato & Yoshida & Kajihara, 2023" authorityName="Abato & Yoshida & Kajihara" authorityYear="2023" box="[293,524,1789,1813]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="fuscosparsa" status="sp. nov.">
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||
<emphasis box="[293,524,1789,1813]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">Oerstedia fuscosparsa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[533,617,1790,1814]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592">
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[533,617,1790,1814]" pageId="3" pageNumber="592" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
, photographs (A–H) and photomicrographs (I, J) taken in anaesthetised state. A, entire body, dorsal view; B, entire body, ventral view; C, entire body, left lateral view; D, entire body, ventral view; E, G, magnification of head, dorsal view; F, H, magnification of head, ventral view; I, head in squeezed preparation; J, stylet apparatus. A, B, E, F, ICHUM 8405 (holotype); C, D, G, H–J, ICHUM 8406 (paratype). Abbreviations: ao, anterior ocelli; as, accessory stylet; b, basis; br, brain; cs, central stylet; lb, lateral blood vessel; p, proboscis; po, posterior ocelli. Scale bars: A–D, 2 mm; E–H, 1 mm; I, J, 50 µm.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">
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||
<emphasis box="[199,947,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">
|
||
External features of
|
||
<typeStatus box="[433,533,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
in living state (
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<figureCitation box="[716,939,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,883,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-242@3.[151,1436,883,1764]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oerstedia fuscosparsa sp. nov., photographs (A–H) and photomicrographs (I, J) taken in anaesthetised state. A, entire body, dorsal view; B, entire body, ventral view; C, entire body, left lateral view; D, entire body, ventral view; E, G, magnification of head, dorsal view; F, H, magnification of head, ventral view; I, head in squeezed preparation; J, stylet apparatus. A, B, E, F, ICHUM 8405 (holotype); C, D, G, H–J, ICHUM 8406 (paratype). Abbreviations: ao, anterior ocelli; as, accessory stylet; b, basis; br, brain; cs, central stylet; lb, lateral blood vessel; p, proboscis; po, posterior ocelli. Scale bars: A–D, 2 mm; E–H, 1 mm; I, J, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701408/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Fig. 1C, D, G, H, I</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Body
|
||
<quantity box="[1032,1113,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length,
|
||
<quantity box="[1238,1326,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width; tip of head less pigmented than
|
||
<typeStatus box="[512,614,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; posterior end of body narrowed (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[997,1120,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,883,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-242@3.[151,1436,883,1764]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oerstedia fuscosparsa sp. nov., photographs (A–H) and photomicrographs (I, J) taken in anaesthetised state. A, entire body, dorsal view; B, entire body, ventral view; C, entire body, left lateral view; D, entire body, ventral view; E, G, magnification of head, dorsal view; F, H, magnification of head, ventral view; I, head in squeezed preparation; J, stylet apparatus. A, B, E, F, ICHUM 8405 (holotype); C, D, G, H–J, ICHUM 8406 (paratype). Abbreviations: ao, anterior ocelli; as, accessory stylet; b, basis; br, brain; cs, central stylet; lb, lateral blood vessel; p, proboscis; po, posterior ocelli. Scale bars: A–D, 2 mm; E–H, 1 mm; I, J, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701408/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Fig. 1C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
); cephalic colour band light brown; post-cerebral colour band lighter than that of
|
||
<typeStatus box="[756,857,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, with anterior edge mid-dorsally projected forward but not continuous with cephalic colour band on any place (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[836,964,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,883,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-242@3.[151,1436,883,1764]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oerstedia fuscosparsa sp. nov., photographs (A–H) and photomicrographs (I, J) taken in anaesthetised state. A, entire body, dorsal view; B, entire body, ventral view; C, entire body, left lateral view; D, entire body, ventral view; E, G, magnification of head, dorsal view; F, H, magnification of head, ventral view; I, head in squeezed preparation; J, stylet apparatus. A, B, E, F, ICHUM 8405 (holotype); C, D, G, H–J, ICHUM 8406 (paratype). Abbreviations: ao, anterior ocelli; as, accessory stylet; b, basis; br, brain; cs, central stylet; lb, lateral blood vessel; p, proboscis; po, posterior ocelli. Scale bars: A–D, 2 mm; E–H, 1 mm; I, J, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701408/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Fig. 1G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
); ocelli more clearly visible with anterior pair smaller than posterior (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[464,612,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,883,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-242@3.[151,1436,883,1764]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oerstedia fuscosparsa sp. nov., photographs (A–H) and photomicrographs (I, J) taken in anaesthetised state. A, entire body, dorsal view; B, entire body, ventral view; C, entire body, left lateral view; D, entire body, ventral view; E, G, magnification of head, dorsal view; F, H, magnification of head, ventral view; I, head in squeezed preparation; J, stylet apparatus. A, B, E, F, ICHUM 8405 (holotype); C, D, G, H–J, ICHUM 8406 (paratype). Abbreviations: ao, anterior ocelli; as, accessory stylet; b, basis; br, brain; cs, central stylet; lb, lateral blood vessel; p, proboscis; po, posterior ocelli. Scale bars: A–D, 2 mm; E–H, 1 mm; I, J, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701408/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Fig. 1G, H, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body covered with brown patches (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1036,1160,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,883,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-242@3.[151,1436,883,1764]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oerstedia fuscosparsa sp. nov., photographs (A–H) and photomicrographs (I, J) taken in anaesthetised state. A, entire body, dorsal view; B, entire body, ventral view; C, entire body, left lateral view; D, entire body, ventral view; E, G, magnification of head, dorsal view; F, H, magnification of head, ventral view; I, head in squeezed preparation; J, stylet apparatus. A, B, E, F, ICHUM 8405 (holotype); C, D, G, H–J, ICHUM 8406 (paratype). Abbreviations: ao, anterior ocelli; as, accessory stylet; b, basis; br, brain; cs, central stylet; lb, lateral blood vessel; p, proboscis; po, posterior ocelli. Scale bars: A–D, 2 mm; E–H, 1 mm; I, J, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701408/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Fig. 1C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
), but transverse banding pattern not apparent in posterior body; without mid-dorsal deep brown spots (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1020,1108,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,883,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-242@3.[151,1436,883,1764]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oerstedia fuscosparsa sp. nov., photographs (A–H) and photomicrographs (I, J) taken in anaesthetised state. A, entire body, dorsal view; B, entire body, ventral view; C, entire body, left lateral view; D, entire body, ventral view; E, G, magnification of head, dorsal view; F, H, magnification of head, ventral view; I, head in squeezed preparation; J, stylet apparatus. A, B, E, F, ICHUM 8405 (holotype); C, D, G, H–J, ICHUM 8406 (paratype). Abbreviations: ao, anterior ocelli; as, accessory stylet; b, basis; br, brain; cs, central stylet; lb, lateral blood vessel; p, proboscis; po, posterior ocelli. Scale bars: A–D, 2 mm; E–H, 1 mm; I, J, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701408/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,571,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">
|
||
Internal morphology in
|
||
<typeStatus box="[464,567,367,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Proboscis nerves not distinct (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[908,997,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,181,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[166,1420,181,1899]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oerstedia fuscosparsa sp. nov., photomicrographs of transverse histological sections, ICHUM 8405 (holotype).A, posterior foregut region; B, intestinal region.Abbreviations: al, accessory lateral nerve; ic, intestinal caecal lumen; pr, proboscis; py, pylorus. Scale bars: A, B, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701410" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701410/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Central stylet 42.0 µm in length; basis 36.7 µm in length, 11.2–15.2 µm in width, cylindrical in shape, bluntly round posteriorly; two accessory pouches, each containing 5–7 accessory stylets (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[586,665,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,883,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-242@3.[151,1436,883,1764]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oerstedia fuscosparsa sp. nov., photographs (A–H) and photomicrographs (I, J) taken in anaesthetised state. A, entire body, dorsal view; B, entire body, ventral view; C, entire body, left lateral view; D, entire body, ventral view; E, G, magnification of head, dorsal view; F, H, magnification of head, ventral view; I, head in squeezed preparation; J, stylet apparatus. A, B, E, F, ICHUM 8405 (holotype); C, D, G, H–J, ICHUM 8406 (paratype). Abbreviations: ao, anterior ocelli; as, accessory stylet; b, basis; br, brain; cs, central stylet; lb, lateral blood vessel; p, proboscis; po, posterior ocelli. Scale bars: A–D, 2 mm; E–H, 1 mm; I, J, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701408/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Fig. 1J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Accessory lateral nerves present (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1062,1150,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,181,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[166,1420,181,1899]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oerstedia fuscosparsa sp. nov., photomicrographs of transverse histological sections, ICHUM 8405 (holotype).A, posterior foregut region; B, intestinal region.Abbreviations: al, accessory lateral nerve; ic, intestinal caecal lumen; pr, proboscis; py, pylorus. Scale bars: A, B, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701410" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701410/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="593" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,334,475,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The new specific name is a participle of the 1st/2nd declension (-
|
||
<emphasis box="[1065,1090,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">us</emphasis>
|
||
, -
|
||
<emphasis box="[1113,1127,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">a</emphasis>
|
||
, -
|
||
<emphasis box="[1150,1184,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">um</emphasis>
|
||
), a combination of the Latin words
|
||
<emphasis box="[297,367,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
(meaning “dark”, “dim”, “black”, “brown”) and
|
||
<emphasis box="[933,1019,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">sparsus</emphasis>
|
||
(“scattered”, “sprinkled”, “spotted”, “freckled”; from the verb
|
||
<emphasis box="[444,521,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">spargo</emphasis>
|
||
, meaning “[I] scatter”). In combination,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Abato & Yoshida & Kajihara" authorityYear="2023" box="[982,1116,547,573]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="fuscosparsa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[982,1116,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">fuscosparsa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pertains to the the brownish spots/freckles scattered throughout the body of the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="593" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,322,618,644]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
An
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Quatrefages" authorityYear="1846" box="[370,480,619,645]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[370,480,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Oerstedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a brownish cephalic colour band, a deep brown post-cerebral colour band in the posterior head region, and four orange ocelli. Post-cerebrally, the body is sprinkled with brownish aggregated spots or freckles in pale-yellow background forming transverse bands. Internally, the proboscis nerves are not distinct and accessory lateral nerves are present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="595" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,563,762,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Type locality and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
At present, the species is only known from its type locality along the Pacific coast of Honshu, off Kouyatsu, Tateyema,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[640,710,799,825]" country="Japan" name="Chiba" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Chiba</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[723,790,799,825]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, between
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[905,1059,799,827]" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="59.293" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" precision="1" value="34.988216">34°59.293′ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1072,1220,799,827]" degrees="139" direction="east" minutes="48.59" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" precision="9" value="139.80983">139°48.59′ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
and
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1278,1432,799,827]" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="59.094" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" precision="1" value="34.9849">34°59.094′ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[151,318,835,863]" degrees="139" direction="east" minutes="48.195" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" precision="1" value="139.80325">139°48.195′ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[334,436,835,861]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" unit="m" value="14.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="11.0">11–18 m</quantity>
|
||
deep, mudstone and sandy bottom; the
|
||
<emphasis box="[909,981,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">in-situ</emphasis>
|
||
water temperature was 18–20°C when the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[195,293,871,897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[395,491,871,897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
were collected by Ryuta Yoshida. From this place,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Abato, Yoshida & Kajihara, 2022" authorityName="Abato, Yoshida & Kajihara" authorityYear="2022" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Tetrastemmatidae" genus="Tetrastemma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="parallelos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1087,1354,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Tetrastemma parallelos</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Abato, J. C. & Yoshida, R. & Kajihara, H." pageId="4" pageNumber="593" pagination="1265 - 1277" refId="ref4648" refString="Abato, J. C., Yoshida, R. & Kajihara, H. (2022) Histology-free description and phylogenetics of Tetrastemma parallelos sp. nov. (Nemertea: Eumonostilifera) from Japan. Journal of Natural History, 56, 1265 - 1277. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2022.2118642" type="journal article" year="2022">Abato, Yoshida & Kajihara, 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has also been collected (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Abato, J. C. & Yoshida, R. & Kajihara, H." box="[723,924,907,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" pagination="1265 - 1277" refId="ref4648" refString="Abato, J. C., Yoshida, R. & Kajihara, H. (2022) Histology-free description and phylogenetics of Tetrastemma parallelos sp. nov. (Nemertea: Eumonostilifera) from Japan. Journal of Natural History, 56, 1265 - 1277. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2022.2118642" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Abato
|
||
<emphasis box="[800,856,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,717,942,969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Genetic distance and molecular phylogeny.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<specimenCount box="[777,945,943,969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Abato & Yoshida & Kajihara, 2023" authorityName="Abato & Yoshida & Kajihara" authorityYear="2023" box="[985,1155,943,969]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="fuscosparsa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[985,1155,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">O. fuscosparsa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1164,1255,943,969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1164,1255,943,969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
reported in this paper would belong to the same species with uncorrected COI
|
||
<emphasis box="[870,884,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">p</emphasis>
|
||
-distance value of 0.004 (0.4%) as to the 658-bp partial COI region, much lower than the 3%-rule COI genetic distance to infer that two ribbon worms are of different species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sundberg, P. & Kvist, S. & Strand, M." box="[245,481,1051,1077]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" pagination="0155541" refId="ref6394" refString="Sundberg, P., Kvist, S. & Strand, M. (2016) Evaluating the utility of single-locus DNA barcoding for the identification of ribbon worms (phylum Nemertea). PLoS ONE, 11 (5), e 0155541. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0155541" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Sundberg
|
||
<emphasis box="[360,415,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We therefore regard that the difference in pigmentation pattern observed between the two individuals in this paper is an intraspecific variation commonly observed among other
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1171,1377,1087,1113]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1171,1281,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Oerstedia</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">
|
||
The phylogenetic analysis shows that our species forms a highly supported subclade with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1236,1436,1123,1149]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1236,1346,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Oerstedia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected from Simushir,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="sensu Iwata" authorityName="sensu Iwata" authorityYear="1954" box="[431,694,1159,1185]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[431,555,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">O. dorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
sensu Iwata
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[750,893,1159,1185]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="phoresiae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[750,893,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">O. phoresiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Further, it indicates that
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Abato & Yoshida & Kajihara, 2023" authorityName="Abato & Yoshida & Kajihara" authorityYear="2023" box="[1175,1342,1159,1185]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="fuscosparsa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1175,1195,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1208,1342,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">fuscosparsa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1348,1436,1159,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1348,1436,1159,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[272,415,1195,1221]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="phoresiae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[272,292,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[306,415,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">phoresiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, suggesting its placement within the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chernyshev" authorityYear="1993" box="[832,1005,1195,1221]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Tetrastemmatidae" genus="Paroerstediella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[832,1005,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Paroerstediella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chernyshev, A. V. & Polyakova, N. E." pageId="4" pageNumber="593" pagination="105081" refId="ref5059" refString="Chernyshev, A. V. & Polyakova, N. E. (2022) Nemerteans collected in the Bering Sea during the research cruises aboard the R / V Akademik MA Lavrentyev in 2016, 2018, and 2021 with an analysis of deep-sea heteronemertean and hoplonemertean species. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 199, 105081. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr 2.2022.105081" type="journal article" year="2022">Chernyshev & Polyakova (2022)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Quatrefages" authorityYear="1846" box="[374,484,1231,1257]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[374,484,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Oerstedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[500,567,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[152,255,894,918]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,181,863]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[151,1436,181,870]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rooted Bayesian phylogenetic tree showing the position of Oerstedia fuscosparsa sp. nov. within the genus based on concatenated sequences of five gene markers (16S, 18S, 28S, COI, and H3). Number at each node represents Bayesian posterior probability (PP)/IQTree maximum-likelihood ultrafast bootstrap value (UFBoot)/RAxML maximum-likelihood bootstrap value (BS). Solid circles indicate full support (1.00 PP/100% UFBoot/100% BS); open circles indicate 1.00 PP; solid diamonds mean 1.00 PP/100% UFBoot; open diamonds show 0.99 PP." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701412/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). This also means that our species is more closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1239,1381,1231,1257]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="phoresiae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1239,1259,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1272,1381,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">phoresiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Iwata" authorityYear="1954" box="[182,309,1267,1293]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[182,202,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[219,309,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">dorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[319,370,1267,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" sensu="stricto">s.str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and is grouped with other species from the Northwest Pacific. COI
|
||
<emphasis box="[1161,1175,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">p</emphasis>
|
||
-distances between our species and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[286,430,1303,1329]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="phoresiae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[286,430,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">O. phoresiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Iwata" authorityYear="1954" box="[541,666,1303,1329]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[541,561,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[576,666,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">dorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[673,724,1303,1329]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" sensu="stricto">s.str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is 8.5% and 11.9%, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,444,1338,1365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Of the 29 valid species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Quatrefages" authorityYear="1846" box="[740,850,1339,1365]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[740,850,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Oerstedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, two species have previously been known to possess transverse bands in the body; these are
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[604,724,1375,1401]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="oculata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[604,724,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">O. oculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Sundberg, 1988" authorityName="Sundberg" authorityYear="1988" box="[782,1165,1375,1401]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="striata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[782,974,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Oerstedia striata</emphasis>
|
||
Sundberg, 1988
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from both of which
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Abato & Yoshida & Kajihara, 2023" authorityName="Abato & Yoshida & Kajihara" authorityYear="2023" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="fuscosparsa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">O. fuscosparsa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[292,381,1411,1437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[292,381,1411,1437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
can be distinguished in external features.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[852,1076,1411,1437]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="polyorbis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[852,1076,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Oerstedia polyorbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Iwata, F." box="[1090,1220,1410,1437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref5374" refString="Iwata, F. (1954) The fauna of Akkeshi Bay XX. Nemertini in Hokkaido (revised report). Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Series VI, Zoology, 12, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1954">Iwata 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chernyshev, A. V." box="[1232,1431,1411,1437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" pagination="11 - 20" refId="ref4976" refString="Chernyshev, A. V. (1993) Overview of nemertean genera close to Oerstedia (Monostilifera, Tetrastemmatidae), with description of four new species. Zoologiceskij Zurnal, 72, 11 - 20. [in Russian with English abstract]" type="journal article" year="1993">Chernyshev 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Akhmatova, A. F. & Chernyshev, A. V. & Zaslavskaya, N. I." box="[151,410,1447,1473]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" pagination="423 - 430" refId="ref4762" refString="Akhmatova, A. F., Chernyshev, A. V. & Zaslavskaya, N. I. (2012) The species composition of the nemertean genus Oerstedia (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea) in the Far Eastern seas of Russia. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 38 (6), 423 - 430. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 1063074012060028" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Akhmatova
|
||
<emphasis box="[289,345,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sundberg" authorityYear="1988" box="[472,580,1447,1473]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="striata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[472,580,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">O. striata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are banded only dorsally, unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Abato & Yoshida & Kajihara, 2023" authorityName="Abato & Yoshida & Kajihara" authorityYear="2023" box="[953,1121,1447,1473]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="fuscosparsa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[953,1121,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">O. fuscosparsa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1128,1218,1447,1473]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1128,1218,1447,1473]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in which the bands are dorsoventrally continuous. In addition, one of the colour morphs of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Iwata" authorityYear="1954" box="[965,1173,1483,1509]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="dorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[965,1173,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Oerstedia dorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1182,1215,1483,1509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(called “morph n”) was described to contain reddish-brown stripes/blotches transversally, although details on the continuity of these stripes were not given in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sundberg, P. & Vodoti, E. T. & Zhou, H. & Strand, M." box="[437,694,1555,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" pagination="556 - 567" refId="ref6325" refString="Sundberg, P., Vodoti, E. T., Zhou, H. & Strand, M. (2009) Polymorphism hides cryptic species in Oerstedia dorsalis (Nemertea, Hoplonemertea). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 98 (3), 556 - 567. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.2009.01310. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Sundberg
|
||
<emphasis box="[551,608,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However, these two “morph n” specimens are not closely related to the new species as supported by the phylogenetic analysis, with these “morph n” specimens being placed in a different clade (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[328,397,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[152,255,894,918]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,181,863]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[151,1436,181,870]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rooted Bayesian phylogenetic tree showing the position of Oerstedia fuscosparsa sp. nov. within the genus based on concatenated sequences of five gene markers (16S, 18S, 28S, COI, and H3). Number at each node represents Bayesian posterior probability (PP)/IQTree maximum-likelihood ultrafast bootstrap value (UFBoot)/RAxML maximum-likelihood bootstrap value (BS). Solid circles indicate full support (1.00 PP/100% UFBoot/100% BS); open circles indicate 1.00 PP; solid diamonds mean 1.00 PP/100% UFBoot; open diamonds show 0.99 PP." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701412/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">
|
||
DNA-based taxonomy for the members of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Quatrefages" authorityYear="1846" box="[827,937,1663,1689]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,937,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Oerstedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to be indispensable for the reliable establishment of new species since polymorphism and intraspecific variation are predominant among the species in the genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Burger, O." box="[230,374,1734,1761]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" pagination="1 - 714" refId="ref4940" refString="Burger, O. (1895) Die Nemertinen des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel und der Angrenzenden Meeresabschnitte, 22, 1 - 714." type="journal article" year="1895">Bürger 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brunberg, L." box="[385,555,1735,1761]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" pagination="77 - 111" refId="ref4917" refString="Brunberg, L. (1964) On the nemertean fauna of Danish waters. Ophelia, 1, 77 - 111." type="journal article" year="1964">Brunberg 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sundberg, P." box="[566,738,1735,1761]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref6098" refString="Sundberg, P. (1984) Multivariate analysis of polymorphism in the hoplonemertean Oerstedia dorsalis (Abildgaard, 1806). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 78, 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0022 - 0981 (84) 90068 - 6" type="journal article" year="1984">Sundberg 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1988;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Envall, M. & Sundberg, P." box="[818,1097,1735,1761]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" pagination="293 - 318" refId="ref5313" refString="Envall, M. & Sundberg, P. (1993) Intraspecific variation in nemerteans (Nemertea): synonymization of genera Paroerstedia and Oerstediella with Oerstedia. Journal of Zoology, 230 (2), 293 - 318. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1993. tb 02687. x" type="journal article" year="1993">Envall & Sundberg 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sundberg, P. & Andersson, S." box="[1108,1432,1734,1761]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" pagination="483 - 490" refId="ref6263" refString="Sundberg, P. & Andersson, S. (1995) Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and intraspecific variation in Oerstedia dorsalis (Hoplonemertea, Nemertea). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 75 (2), 483 - 490. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400018324" type="journal article" year="1995">Sundberg & Andersson 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zaslavskaya, N. I. & Chernyshev, A. V." box="[151,528,1771,1797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" pagination="554 - 558" refId="ref6629" refString="Zaslavskaya, N. I. & Chernyshev, A. V. (2008) Allozyme comparison of three nemertean species of the genus Oerstedia (Nemertea: Monostilifera) from the Sea of Japan. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 36 (7), 554 - 558. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. bse. 2008.03.013" type="journal article" year="2008">Zaslavskaya & Chernyshev 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sundberg, P. & Vodoti, E. T. & Zhou, H. & Strand, M." box="[541,781,1771,1797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" pagination="556 - 567" refId="ref6325" refString="Sundberg, P., Vodoti, E. T., Zhou, H. & Strand, M. (2009) Polymorphism hides cryptic species in Oerstedia dorsalis (Nemertea, Hoplonemertea). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 98 (3), 556 - 567. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.2009.01310. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Sundberg
|
||
<emphasis box="[656,714,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Akhmatova, A. F. & Chernyshev, A. V. & Zaslavskaya, N. I." box="[792,1057,1771,1797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" pagination="423 - 430" refId="ref4762" refString="Akhmatova, A. F., Chernyshev, A. V. & Zaslavskaya, N. I. (2012) The species composition of the nemertean genus Oerstedia (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea) in the Far Eastern seas of Russia. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 38 (6), 423 - 430. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 1063074012060028" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Akhmatova
|
||
<emphasis box="[931,988,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Polymorphism and intraspecific variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Quatrefages" authorityYear="1846" box="[288,398,1807,1833]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[288,398,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Oerstedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
often result in problematic taxonomy; these can hide some cryptic species or mistakenly be used as evidence for species delineation (Sundberg 1998;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sundberg, P. & Vodoti, E. T. & Zhou, H. & Strand, M." box="[808,1047,1843,1869]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" pagination="556 - 567" refId="ref6325" refString="Sundberg, P., Vodoti, E. T., Zhou, H. & Strand, M. (2009) Polymorphism hides cryptic species in Oerstedia dorsalis (Nemertea, Hoplonemertea). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 98 (3), 556 - 567. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.2009.01310. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Sundberg
|
||
<emphasis box="[923,980,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Akhmatova, A. F. & Chernyshev, A. V. & Zaslavskaya, N. I." box="[1059,1324,1843,1869]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" pagination="423 - 430" refId="ref4762" refString="Akhmatova, A. F., Chernyshev, A. V. & Zaslavskaya, N. I. (2012) The species composition of the nemertean genus Oerstedia (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea) in the Far Eastern seas of Russia. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 38 (6), 423 - 430. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 1063074012060028" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Akhmatova
|
||
<emphasis box="[1197,1255,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<specimenCount pageId="4" pageNumber="593" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Abato & Yoshida & Kajihara, 2023" authorityName="Abato & Yoshida & Kajihara" authorityYear="2023" box="[305,557,1879,1905]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="fuscosparsa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[305,557,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">Oerstedia fuscosparsa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[564,653,1879,1905]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[564,653,1879,1905]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
reported in this paper show distinct pigmentation patterns in the head and body; the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[312,410,1915,1941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
has deep brownish cephalic pigmentation, apparent transverse bands in the body, and deep brownish spots mid dorsally while the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[580,676,1951,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="593">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
has light brown cephalic pigmentation, no obvious transverse bands in the posterior body, and no deep brownish spots mid-dorsally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701410" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7701410" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701410/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" startId="5.[152,255,1922,1946]" targetBox="[166,1420,181,1899]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1436,1922,2019]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,279,1922,1946]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Abato & Yoshida & Kajihara, 2023" authorityName="Abato & Yoshida & Kajihara" authorityYear="2023" box="[285,511,1923,1947]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="fuscosparsa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[285,511,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="594">Oerstedia fuscosparsa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[517,596,1923,1947]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[517,596,1923,1947]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, photomicrographs of transverse histological sections, ICHUM 8405 (holotype). A, posterior foregut region; B, intestinal region. Abbreviations: al, accessory lateral nerve; ic, intestinal caecal lumen; pr, proboscis; py, pylorus. Scale bars: A, B, 50 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701412" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7701412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701412/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" startId="6.[152,255,894,918]" targetBox="[156,1436,181,863]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,894,1062]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,280,894,918]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Rooted Bayesian phylogenetic tree showing the position of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Abato & Yoshida & Kajihara, 2023" authorityName="Abato & Yoshida & Kajihara" authorityYear="2023" box="[887,1114,894,918]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="fuscosparsa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[887,1114,894,918]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">Oerstedia fuscosparsa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1120,1200,894,918]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1120,1200,894,918]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
within the genus based on concatenated sequences of five gene markers (16S, 18S, 28S, COI, and H3). Number at each node represents Bayesian posterior probability (PP)/IQTree maximum-likelihood ultrafast bootstrap value (UFBoot)/RAxML maximum-likelihood bootstrap value (BS). Solid circles indicate full support (1.00 PP/100% UFBoot/100% BS); open circles indicate 1.00 PP; solid diamonds mean 1.00 PP/100% UFBoot; open diamonds show 0.99 PP.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,1108,1495]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">
|
||
In traditional
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Quatrefages" authorityYear="1846" box="[351,461,1108,1134]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[351,461,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">Oerstedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
taxonomy, these obvious pigmentation differences could have been treated as evidence for different species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Iwata, F." box="[400,534,1144,1171]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref5374" refString="Iwata, F. (1954) The fauna of Akkeshi Bay XX. Nemertini in Hokkaido (revised report). Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Series VI, Zoology, 12, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1954">Iwata 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kulikova, V. I." box="[550,724,1144,1171]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" pagination="828 - 836" refId="ref5502" refString="Kulikova, V. I. (1987) New species of Oerstediella (Nemertini, Hoplonemertini) of the Vostok Bay, Sea of Japan. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Biologicheskaya, 6, 828 - 836. [in Russian with English abstract]" type="journal article" year="1987">Kulikova 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chernyshev, A. V." box="[739,943,1144,1171]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" pagination="11 - 20" refId="ref4976" refString="Chernyshev, A. V. (1993) Overview of nemertean genera close to Oerstedia (Monostilifera, Tetrastemmatidae), with description of four new species. Zoologiceskij Zurnal, 72, 11 - 20. [in Russian with English abstract]" type="journal article" year="1993">Chernyshev 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sundberg, P. & Vodoti, E. T. & Zhou, H. & Strand, M." box="[958,1207,1144,1171]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" pagination="556 - 567" refId="ref6325" refString="Sundberg, P., Vodoti, E. T., Zhou, H. & Strand, M. (2009) Polymorphism hides cryptic species in Oerstedia dorsalis (Nemertea, Hoplonemertea). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 98 (3), 556 - 567. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.2009.01310. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Sundberg
|
||
<emphasis box="[1076,1136,1144,1170]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); however, the COI barcode sequences from the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[485,583,1180,1206]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[690,786,1181,1207]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
strongly suggested that both would belong to the same species despite the differences in external appearance. Here, we demonstrate, using our species, the necessity and importance of DNA-based taxonomy in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Quatrefages" authorityYear="1846" box="[789,899,1252,1278]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[789,899,1252,1278]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">Oerstedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The taxonomy of other selected polymorphic congeners of the genus has been verified using barcode sequences of these species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sundberg, P. & Andersson, S." box="[1100,1431,1288,1315]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" pagination="483 - 490" refId="ref6263" refString="Sundberg, P. & Andersson, S. (1995) Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and intraspecific variation in Oerstedia dorsalis (Hoplonemertea, Nemertea). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 75 (2), 483 - 490. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400018324" type="journal article" year="1995">Sundberg & Andersson 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Strand, M. & Sundberg, P." box="[151,432,1324,1351]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" pagination="201 - 212" refId="ref6049" refString="Strand, M. & Sundberg, P. (2005) Delimiting species in the hoplonemertean genus Tetrastemma (phylum Nemertea): morphology is not concordant with phylogeny as evidenced from mtDNA sequences. Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 86, 201 - 212." type="journal article" year="2005">Strand & Sundberg 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Akhmatova, A. F. & Chernyshev, A. V. & Zaslavskaya, N. I." box="[442,702,1324,1351]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" pagination="423 - 430" refId="ref4762" refString="Akhmatova, A. F., Chernyshev, A. V. & Zaslavskaya, N. I. (2012) The species composition of the nemertean genus Oerstedia (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea) in the Far Eastern seas of Russia. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 38 (6), 423 - 430. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 1063074012060028" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Akhmatova
|
||
<emphasis box="[579,635,1324,1350]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Utilizing barcode sequence data from these species has resolved inaccurate taxonomic reports established based only on internal and external morphology (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sundberg, P." box="[1183,1360,1360,1387]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref6098" refString="Sundberg, P. (1984) Multivariate analysis of polymorphism in the hoplonemertean Oerstedia dorsalis (Abildgaard, 1806). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 78, 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0022 - 0981 (84) 90068 - 6" type="journal article" year="1984">Sundberg 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1988;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sundberg, P. & Janson, K." box="[151,435,1396,1423]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" pagination="93 - 98" refId="ref6212" refString="Sundberg, P. & Janson, K. (1988) Polymorphism in Oerstedia dorsalis (Abilgaard, 1806) revisited. Hydrobiologia, 156, 93 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 009 - 4063 - 5 _ 11" type="journal article" year="1988">Sundberg & Janson 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sundberg, P. & Andersson, S." box="[446,771,1396,1423]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" pagination="483 - 490" refId="ref6263" refString="Sundberg, P. & Andersson, S. (1995) Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and intraspecific variation in Oerstedia dorsalis (Hoplonemertea, Nemertea). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 75 (2), 483 - 490. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400018324" type="journal article" year="1995">Sundberg & Andersson 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zaslavskaya, N. I. & Chernyshev, A. V." box="[783,1155,1396,1423]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" pagination="554 - 558" refId="ref6629" refString="Zaslavskaya, N. I. & Chernyshev, A. V. (2008) Allozyme comparison of three nemertean species of the genus Oerstedia (Nemertea: Monostilifera) from the Sea of Japan. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 36 (7), 554 - 558. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. bse. 2008.03.013" type="journal article" year="2008">Zaslavskaya & Chernyshev 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Akhmatova, A. F. & Chernyshev, A. V. & Zaslavskaya, N. I." box="[1165,1425,1396,1423]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" pagination="423 - 430" refId="ref4762" refString="Akhmatova, A. F., Chernyshev, A. V. & Zaslavskaya, N. I. (2012) The species composition of the nemertean genus Oerstedia (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea) in the Far Eastern seas of Russia. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 38 (6), 423 - 430. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 1063074012060028" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Akhmatova
|
||
<emphasis box="[1302,1358,1396,1422]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). With the recent developments in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Quatrefages" authorityYear="1846" box="[521,631,1432,1458]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Oerstedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[521,631,1432,1458]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">Oerstedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
taxonomy, it is, therefore, appropriate to investigate polymorphism and intraspecific variation in those already named species using both morphological and barcode sequence data.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |