173 lines
18 KiB
XML
173 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-08-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870843" approvalRequired="304" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="45" approvalRequired_for_matCits="75" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="40" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="75" approvalRequired_for_treatments="69" checkinTime="1658335596803" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2018" docId="3D474A54A0AF87CCFA2AADE1115DFBF7" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_8_Soricidae_0332.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Crocidura hirta Peters 1852" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="533" masterDocId="C17E322CA0288744FF8DAB47125EFFF9" masterDocTitle="Soricidae" masterLastPageNumber="551" masterPageNumber="332" pageNumber="532" updateTime="1658350298165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Soricidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2018</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2018-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>332</mods:start>
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<mods:end>551</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-08-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6870843</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870444" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870444" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A0AF87CCFA2AADE1115DFBF7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D474A54A0AF87CCFA2AADE1115DFBF7" lastPageId="136" lastPageNumber="533" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">
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<heading pageId="135" pageNumber="532">
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<subSubSection box="[1447,1529,1702,1744]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="135.[1445,2573,1702,1821]" box="[1447,1529,1702,1744]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">
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<figureCitation box="[1447,1529,1702,1744]" captionStart="Plate 24: Soricidae" captionStartId="134.[120,150,3141,3166]" captionTargetBox="[12,2738,15,3635]" captionTargetPageId="133" captionText="386. Nimba Giant White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura maombasilvanus), 387. Doucet’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura douceti), 388. West African White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura muricauda), 389. Lamotte’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura lamottei), 390. Greater Red White-toothed (Shrew Crociduraflavescens), 391. Lesser Red White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura hirta), 392. Heather White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura erica), 393. Blackish White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nigricans), 394. Goliath White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura goliath), 395. Somali White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura somalica), 396. African Giant White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura olivieri), 397. Savanna Path White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura viaria), 398. Savanna White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura fulvastra), 399. Ugandan White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura mutesae), 400. Smallfooted White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura parvipes), 401. Cinderella White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura cinderella), 402. Voi White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura vor), 403. Yankari White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura yankariensis), 404. Kahuzi White-toothed Swamp Shrew (Crocidura stenocephala), 405. Tarella White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura tarella), 406. Jackson's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura jacksoni), 407. Kivu Long-haired White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura lanosa), 408. Dramatic White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura ludia), 409. Long-tailed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura dolichura), 410. Savanna White-toothed Swamp Shrew (Crocidura longipes), 411. Cameroon White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura picea), 412. Manenguba White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura manengubae), 413. Fisentraut’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura eisentraut), 414. Upemba White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura zimmer), 415. Misotshi-Kabogo White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura lwiroensis), 416. African Dusky White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura caliginea), 417. Congo White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura congobelgica), 418. Latona’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura latona), 419. Polia’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura polia), 420. Ansell’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura ansellorum), 421. Pitman’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura pitmani), 422. Makwassie White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura maquassiensis), 423. Turbo White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura turba)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871929/files/figure.png" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">391.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1546,2230,1702,1744]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="135.[1445,2573,1702,1821]" box="[1546,2230,1702,1744]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">
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<vernacularName box="[1546,2230,1702,1744]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">Lesser Red White-toothed Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2302,2573,1702,1744]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="135.[1445,2573,1702,1821]" box="[2302,2573,1702,1744]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" box="[2302,2573,1702,1744]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="135" pageNumber="532" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hirta">
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<emphasis box="[2302,2573,1702,1744]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">Crocidura hirta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="135" pageNumber="532" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="135.[1445,2573,1702,1821]" box="[1446,2524,1761,1782]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1446,1522,1761,1782]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1531,1727,1761,1782]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">Crocidure roussatre</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1748,1838,1761,1782]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1847,2189,1761,1782]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">Ockerfarbene WeiRzahnspitzmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2210,2302,1761,1782]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2312,2524,1761,1782]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">Musarana roja menor</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="135.[1445,2573,1702,1821]" box="[1446,1950,1800,1821]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1446,1692,1800,1821]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1703,1950,1800,1821]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">Lesser Red Musk Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection box="[2057,2648,1876,1901]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="135.[2057,2651,1876,2295]" box="[2057,2648,1876,1901]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2057,2212,1876,1901]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Peters, 1852" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" box="[2238,2643,1876,1901]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="135" pageNumber="532" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hirta">Crocidura hirta Peters, 1852</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="135" pageNumber="532" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="135.[2057,2651,1876,2295]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">
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<materialsCitation country="Mozambique" latitude="-17.0" location="Tete" pageId="135" pageNumber="532" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tete">
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<collectingRegion box="[2057,2119,1915,1940]" country="Mozambique" name="Tete" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">Tete</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[2151,2434,1915,1940]" country="Mozambique" name="Zambezia" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">Zambezia Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2465,2647,1915,1940]" name="Mozambique" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate box="[2072,2139,1946,1979]" degrees="17" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="135" pageNumber="532" precision="55555" value="-17.0">17°S</geoCoordinate>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="135" pageNumber="532" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="135.[2057,2651,1876,2295]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" box="[2060,2253,1986,2019]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="135" pageNumber="532" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hirta">Crocidura hirta</taxonomicName>
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seemsto be sister to C. flave- scens and in the C. olivier: group, although additional sampling is needed to confirm this relationship.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dollman" authorityYear="1915" box="[2329,2435,2104,2137]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="135" pageNumber="532" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erica">C. erica</taxonomicName>
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might be included under
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" box="[2260,2358,2144,2177]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="135" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hirta">C. hirta</taxonomicName>
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. Four subspecies are sometimes recognized (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" box="[2396,2460,2191,2216]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="135" pageNumber="532" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hirta">hirta</taxonomicName>
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, deserti, lang, and velutina), but they are not recognized here even though they could represent
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="135.[1443,2649,2301,3475]" box="[1445,2598,2301,2334]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">distinct taxa (especially deserti, which might even be a distinct species). Monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="135" pageNumber="532" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871775" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6871775" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871775/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="532" targetBox="[1442,2033,1876,2289]" targetPageId="135">
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<paragraph blockId="135.[1443,2649,2301,3475]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1444,1620,2348,2373]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Tanzania, SE DR Congo, E Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, E Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, N & E South Africa, and E Swaziland.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="135" pageNumber="532" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="135.[1443,2649,2301,3475]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1444,1699,2419,2452]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 69-96 mm, tail 39-59 mm, ear 8-12 mm, hindfoot 12-16 mm; weight 8-24 g. The Lesser Red White-toothed Shrew is relatively large. Dorsal pelage is cinnamon-brown, grizzled with reddish fawn to dark brown (hairs are slate-gray basally, with fawn subterminal band and brown or buffy brown tips), and ventral pelage is paler with yellow to fawn tinge (hairs are gray-based, with yellow to fawn tips); dorsum and venter are sharply demarcated. Feet are fawn-colored. Tail is variable in length, ranging from 55% of head-body length in South Africa up to 90% of head-body length in central Africa; very hairy; and bicolored, being brown dorsally and pale gray ventrally. Females have six inguinal nipples. There are three unicuspids. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 50 and FN = 66.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="135" pageNumber="532" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="135.[1443,2649,2301,3475]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1444,1555,2821,2846]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Wide variety of habitats including montane forest, bushveld, savannas, and woodlands, always with some sort of cover. Lesser Red White-toothed Shrews are relatively commensal with humans and are often found in human dwellings and gardens.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="135" pageNumber="532" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="135.[1443,2649,2301,3475]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1444,1704,2931,2964]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Lesser Red White-toothed Shrew eats a wide variety of invertebrates and occasionally vertebrates, including insects (termites, beetles, crickets,etc.), spiders, centipedes, snails, and small rodents. Foraging occurs under dense vegetation during the day for protection against predators.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="136" lastPageNumber="533" pageId="135" pageNumber="532" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="135.[1443,2649,2301,3475]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1444,1577,3088,3121]" pageId="135" pageNumber="532">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Reproduction of the Lesser Red White-toothed Shrew occurs during the wet season and early dry season throughout most ofits distribution. In South Africa, breeding can occur in September—May but mostly in January-February. In Zimbabwe, breeding has been recorded in September, December, and February. “Flehmen display” occurs during breeding, followed by chasing for c¢.7 minutes until the female allows copulation. After copulation, the male might be dragged behind the female for a short period of time before being released and leaving. Gestation last ¢.28 days, and litters have 2-5 young (average 4-1 in South Africa and 3-6 in Zimbabwe). Young start to walk at c.9 days old, and caravanning has been observed from this time until day 18. Eyes and ears open at c.12 days old, and pelage is fully grown by c.14 days old. Young
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="136.[110,1319,294,1041]" pageId="136" pageNumber="533">are weaned at c.18 days old. Postpartum estrus occurs in females, and litters can be conceived consecutively.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="136" pageNumber="533" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="136.[110,1319,294,1041]" pageId="136" pageNumber="533">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[110,345,373,406]" pageId="136" pageNumber="533">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Lesser Red White-toothed Shrews are primarily nocturnal but can be found foraging during the day. They are most active during dusk, with smaller peak at dawn. This is opposite to whatis observed in the Greater Red White-toothed Shrew (C.
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1827" box="[161,296,491,524]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="136" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavescens">flavescens</taxonomicName>
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), indicating some degree of temporal separation between these two species. Nests are usually saucer-shaped and are generally found at the end of a long tunnel underneath a rock.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="136" pageNumber="533" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="136.[110,1319,294,1041]" pageId="136" pageNumber="533">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[113,847,609,642]" pageId="136" pageNumber="533">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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The Lesser Red White-toothed Shrew is aggressive and territorial, but much less so than the Greater Red Whitetoothed Shrew. Scent marking using lateral glands and strong scented fecal piles seem to indicate that a territory is protected. Vocalizations include loud squeaks when alarmed after meeting unfamiliar conspecifics. Grooming is done with hindfeet for scratching, forefeet for face washing, and tongue for licking pelage.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="136" pageNumber="533" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="136.[110,1319,294,1041]" pageId="136" pageNumber="533">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[114,461,846,879]" pageId="136" pageNumber="533">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Lesser Red White-toothed Shrew has a wide distribution and is considered common throughout much ofit. It is well studied and is common in human dwellings.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="136" pageNumber="533" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="136.[110,1319,294,1041]" pageId="136" pageNumber="533">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[115,268,973,998]" pageId="136" pageNumber="533">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Baxter & Meester (1982), Cassola (2016ax), Dickman (1995), Hirakawa & Haber! (1998), Jacquet et al. (2013), Meester (1959, 1960, 1963), Vogel et al. (2013).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |