195 lines
20 KiB
XML
195 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-08-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870843" approvalRequired="304" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="45" approvalRequired_for_matCits="75" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="40" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="75" approvalRequired_for_treatments="69" checkinTime="1658335596803" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2018" docId="3D474A54A07A8716FFF7A11C1BBFF70E" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_8_Soricidae_0332.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Crocidura orientalis Jentink 1890" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="477" masterDocId="C17E322CA0288744FF8DAB47125EFFF9" masterDocTitle="Soricidae" masterLastPageNumber="551" masterPageNumber="332" pageNumber="477" updateTime="1658350298165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Soricidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued>2018</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2018-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>332</mods:start>
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<mods:end>551</mods:end>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-08-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6870843</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870092" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870092" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A07A8716FFF7A11C1BBFF70E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D474A54A07A8716FFF7A11C1BBFF70E" lastPageNumber="477" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">
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<heading pageId="82" pageNumber="477">
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<subSubSection box="[122,204,2651,2693]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="82.[119,1276,2651,2770]" box="[122,204,2651,2693]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">
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<figureCitation box="[122,204,2651,2693]" captionStart="Plate 20: Soricidae" captionStartId="80.[125,155,3104,3125]" captionTargetBox="[12,2740,14,3636]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="226. Malayan White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura malayana), 227. Peninsular White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura negligens), 228. Black-footed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nigripes), 229. Bornean White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura foetida), 230. Kinabalu White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura baluensis), 231. Thick-tailed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura brunnea), 232. Oriental White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura orientalis), 233. Bangka White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura vosmaeri), 234. Hutan White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura hutanis), 235. Beccari’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura beccarii), 236. Sumatran Giant White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura lepidura), 237. Mount Malindang White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura grandis), 238. Mindanao White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura beata), 239. Mindoro White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura mindorus), 240. Panay White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura panayensis), 241. Negros White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura negrina), 242. Luzon White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura grayi), 243. Sibuyan White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura ninoyi), 244. Palawan White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura palawanensis), 245. Javan Long-tailed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura abscondita), 246. Gathorne’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura gathornei), 247. Horsfield’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura horsfieldii), 248. Sinharaja White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura hikmiya), 249. Sri Lankan White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura miya), 250. Lesser Ryukyu White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura wataser), 251. Southeast Asian White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura fuliginosa), 252. Large White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura dracula), 253. Sumatran Long-tailed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura paradoxura), 254. Dsinezumi White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura dsinezuma), 255. Chinese White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura rapax), 256. Ussuri White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura lasiura), 257. Asian Gray White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura attenuata), 258. Zaitsev’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura zaitsevi), 259. Indochinese White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura indochinensis), 260. Hainan White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura wuchihensis), 261. Timor White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura tenuis), 262. Javan White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura maxi), 263. Javan Ghost White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura umbra), 264. Sunda White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura monticola), 265. Neglected White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura neglecta)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871919/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">232.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[222,853,2651,2693]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="82.[119,1276,2651,2770]" box="[222,853,2651,2693]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">
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<vernacularName box="[222,853,2651,2693]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">Oriental White-toothed Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[925,1275,2651,2693]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="82.[119,1276,2651,2770]" box="[925,1275,2651,2693]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">
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<taxonomicName authority="Jentink" authorityName="Jentink" authorityYear="1890" box="[925,1275,2651,2693]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="82" pageNumber="477" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">
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<emphasis box="[925,1275,2651,2693]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">Crocidura orientalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="82" pageNumber="477" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="82.[119,1276,2651,2770]" box="[121,1142,2709,2730]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[121,197,2709,2730]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[206,382,2709,2730]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">Crocidure de Java</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[404,494,2709,2730]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[504,841,2709,2730]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">Orientalische Weil3zahnspitzmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[862,953,2709,2730]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[963,1142,2709,2730]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">Musarana oriental</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="82.[119,1276,2651,2770]" box="[121,527,2749,2770]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[121,368,2749,2770]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[377,527,2749,2770]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">Oriental Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="82" pageNumber="477" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="82.[733,1327,2815,3242]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[734,889,2815,2848]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Jentink" authorityName="Jentink" authorityYear="1890" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="82" pageNumber="477" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Crocidura orientalis Jentink in Weber, 1890</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="82" pageNumber="477" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="82.[733,1327,2815,3242]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">
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<materialsCitation country="Indonesia" location="West Java" municipality="Cibodas" pageId="82" pageNumber="477" specimenCount="1">
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<collectingMunicipality box="[929,1043,2863,2888]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">Cibodas</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A07A8716FFF7A11C1BBFF70E:B031AD99A07A8716FBA8A06816F5F4B1" box="[1061,1195,2863,2888]" country="Indonesia" municipality="Cibodas" name="West Java" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">West Java</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Indonesia" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="82" pageNumber="477" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="82.[733,1327,2815,3242]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">
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Formerly included in
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<taxonomicName box="[1094,1273,2933,2966]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">C. fuliginosa</taxonomicName>
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of continental South-east Asia, but differs chromosomally, genetically and morphooerwo Morphologically distinct from its sister species
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Jentink" authorityYear="1888" box="[932,1078,3099,3124]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="82" pageNumber="482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunnea">C. brunnea</taxonomicName>
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, but instances of mitochondrial introgression reported in central Java (Mount Slamet) suggest interspecific barriers to gene flow between
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="82.[122,1327,3248,3478]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">
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these two well-differentiated species may be locally porous.
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<taxonomicName box="[984,1139,3248,3281]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="82" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">C. orientalis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Jentink" authorityYear="1888" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="82" pageNumber="482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunnea">C. brunnea</taxonomicName>
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appear in the same clade, together with the large-bodied Sumatran
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lyon" authorityYear="1908" box="[1173,1318,3287,3320]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="82" pageNumber="477" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidura">C. lepidura</taxonomicName>
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. Based on a very short fragment of mtDNA,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1889" box="[731,869,3327,3360]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="82" pageNumber="477" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trichura">C. trichura</taxonomicName>
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is apparently also closely related to
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<taxonomicName box="[164,318,3366,3399]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="82" pageNumber="477" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">C. orientalis</taxonomicName>
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. In addition to size, three fixed diagnostic allozyme loci and a genetic distance of 9% measured at the cytochrome-b gene suggest that the two subspecies in the Oriental White-toothed Shrew might have reached the species level; as specimens
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="82.[1391,2603,291,2298]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">from the type locality, and those from potential transition areas in central Java, have not yet been evaluated genetically, these taxa remain treated as races meantime. Two subspecies recognized.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="82" pageNumber="477" type="synonymic_list">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871400" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6871400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871400/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="477" targetBox="[120,710,2824,3238]" targetPageId="82">
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<paragraph blockId="82.[1391,2603,291,2298]" box="[1392,1792,410,443]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1392,1792,410,443]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="82.[1391,2603,291,2298]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">
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C. o. orientalisJentink, 1890 — W & C Java (from Mt Salak and Mt Gede E to Mt Slamet).
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<taxonomicName authority="Sody, 1936" authorityName="Sody" authorityYear="1936" box="[1395,1732,492,521]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="82" pageNumber="477" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="orientalis" subSpecies="lawuana">C. o. lawuana Sody, 1936</taxonomicName>
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— E Java (from Mt Lawu E to Mt Bromo and Mt Semeru). Either
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<taxonomicName box="[1489,1650,528,561]" form="might" pageId="82" pageNumber="477" rank="form">form might</taxonomicName>
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occur in intervening mountains of C Java.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="82" pageNumber="477" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="82.[1391,2603,291,2298]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1392,1644,571,600]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 73-100 mm, tail 62-86 mm, ear 7 mm, hindfoot 14-17-1 mm; weight 9-5-18-2 g. The Oriental White-toothed Shrew is a medium-sized dark brown shrew with long (over 4 mm mid-dorsum), dense fur. Color slightly lighter ventrally; some individuals have a noticeably browner throat. Ears and feet light brown. Tail cylindrical, brown, comparable in length to head-body, essentially naked, except for very short hairs that leave the scales visible. In nominate, the tail is devoid of the bristle hairs typical of other Javan shrews, including the smaller
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sody" authorityYear="1936" box="[2406,2591,804,837]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="82" pageNumber="477" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="orientalis" subSpecies="lawuana">race lawuana</taxonomicName>
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. Typical white ring of bare skin around base oftail is present in most Oriental Whitetoothed Shrews. The smaller Javan Long-tailed White-toothed Shrew (C. abscondita), endemic to West Java, has an even longer tail (significantly longer than its head—body length), holding very sparse bristle hairs near its base, and has grayer fur; the similarsized Thick-tailed White-toothed Shrew (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Jentink" authorityYear="1888" box="[1974,2122,1009,1034]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="82" pageNumber="482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunnea">C. brunnea</taxonomicName>
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) is browner, with a shorter, more conical tail bearing numerous bristles. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 38 and FN = 56, with subtelocentric X and submetacentric/metacentric Y chromosomes. Chromosomal complement very similar to those of most other
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<taxonomicName box="[2236,2360,1119,1152]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="82" pageNumber="477" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Crocidura</taxonomicName>
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from the Sunda Shelf, including the Thick-tailed White-toothed Shrew.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="82" pageNumber="477" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="82.[1391,2603,291,2298]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1393,1504,1197,1230]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Primary and secondary montane forests in an altitudinal range of 1500-2700 m. At mid-elevations (¢c.1600 m on Mount Gede), the Oriental White-toothed Shrew occurs in sympatry with two small species (Javan Ghost White-toothed Shrew, C. umbra; and Sunda White-toothed Shrew,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1870" box="[2035,2205,1324,1349]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="82" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">C. monticola</taxonomicName>
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), one large species (Thicktailed White-toothed Shrew,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Jentink" authorityYear="1888" box="[1795,1941,1355,1388]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="82" pageNumber="482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunnea">C. brunnea</taxonomicName>
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), and one scansorial species (Javan Long-tailed White-toothed Shrew). May also be found together in the same habitat with the Thicktailed White-toothed Shrew at Mount Ciremai and Mount Slamet, although these two are usually segregated by altitude.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="82" pageNumber="477" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="82.[1391,2603,291,2298]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1393,1659,1512,1545]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Oriental White-toothed Shrew feeds on invertebrates but no precise data are available.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="82" pageNumber="477" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="82.[1391,2603,291,2298]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1393,1528,1591,1624]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">Breeding.</emphasis>
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In both West and East Java, several pregnant (each carrying a single embryo) and lactating females were caught in September, indicating breeding during this period, but no other specific data are available.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="82" pageNumber="477" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="82.[1391,2603,291,2298]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1392,1628,1710,1743]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Oriental White-toothed Shrews are terrestrial. Captures around first light and at night, suggest crepuscular and nocturnal activity.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="82" pageNumber="477" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="82.[1391,2603,291,2298]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1394,2095,1788,1821]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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The Oriental White-toothed Shrew is a common shrew found in montane forests. Relatively high numbers were trapped in the forest floor in western Java, and in grassy areas surrounding gardens in the Bromo—-Semeru region of EastJava, suggesting small or overlapping territories, but no specific data available.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="82" pageNumber="477" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="82.[1391,2603,291,2298]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1394,1746,1985,2018]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List in view of its widespread occurrence in montane forests and secondary habitats. The Oriental White-toothed Shrew is found in high densities in gardens, indicating that it can be tolerant of human disturbance. Present in many protected areas. The eastern
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<taxonomicName form="lawuana" pageId="82" pageNumber="477" rank="form">form lawuana</taxonomicName>
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is geographically much more restricted to a few areas in EastJava and may yet prove to be a distinct species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="82" pageNumber="477" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="82.[1391,2603,291,2298]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1395,1548,2231,2256]" pageId="82" pageNumber="477">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Demos et al. (2016), Dubey, Salamin et al. (2008), Eldridge et al. (2014), Esselstyn et al. (2013), Jenkins (1982), Jentink (1890), Hutterer (2005b), Ruedi (1995, 1996), Ruedi & Vogel (1995), Sody (1930).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |