194 lines
18 KiB
XML
194 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-08-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870843" approvalRequired="304" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="45" approvalRequired_for_matCits="75" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="40" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="75" approvalRequired_for_treatments="69" checkinTime="1658335596803" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2018" docId="3D474A54A070871CFFFEA7111840F86F" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_8_Soricidae_0332.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Crocidura watasei Kuroda 1924" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="483" masterDocId="C17E322CA0288744FF8DAB47125EFFF9" masterDocTitle="Soricidae" masterLastPageNumber="551" masterPageNumber="332" pageNumber="483" updateTime="1658350298165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Soricidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2018</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2018-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>332</mods:start>
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<mods:end>551</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-08-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6870843</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870138" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870138" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A070871CFFFEA7111840F86F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D474A54A070871CFFFEA7111840F86F" lastPageNumber="483" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">
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<heading pageId="88" pageNumber="483">
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<subSubSection box="[115,195,3158,3204]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[112,1316,3158,3284]" box="[115,195,3158,3204]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">
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<figureCitation box="[115,195,3158,3204]" captionStart="Plate 20: Soricidae" captionStartId="80.[125,155,3104,3125]" captionTargetBox="[12,2740,14,3636]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="226. Malayan White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura malayana), 227. Peninsular White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura negligens), 228. Black-footed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nigripes), 229. Bornean White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura foetida), 230. Kinabalu White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura baluensis), 231. Thick-tailed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura brunnea), 232. Oriental White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura orientalis), 233. Bangka White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura vosmaeri), 234. Hutan White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura hutanis), 235. Beccari’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura beccarii), 236. Sumatran Giant White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura lepidura), 237. Mount Malindang White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura grandis), 238. Mindanao White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura beata), 239. Mindoro White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura mindorus), 240. Panay White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura panayensis), 241. Negros White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura negrina), 242. Luzon White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura grayi), 243. Sibuyan White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura ninoyi), 244. Palawan White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura palawanensis), 245. Javan Long-tailed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura abscondita), 246. Gathorne’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura gathornei), 247. Horsfield’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura horsfieldii), 248. Sinharaja White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura hikmiya), 249. Sri Lankan White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura miya), 250. Lesser Ryukyu White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura wataser), 251. Southeast Asian White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura fuliginosa), 252. Large White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura dracula), 253. Sumatran Long-tailed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura paradoxura), 254. Dsinezumi White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura dsinezuma), 255. Chinese White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura rapax), 256. Ussuri White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura lasiura), 257. Asian Gray White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura attenuata), 258. Zaitsev’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura zaitsevi), 259. Indochinese White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura indochinensis), 260. Hainan White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura wuchihensis), 261. Timor White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura tenuis), 262. Javan White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura maxi), 263. Javan Ghost White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura umbra), 264. Sunda White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura monticola), 265. Neglected White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura neglecta)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871919/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">250.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[210,940,3158,3204]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[112,1316,3158,3284]" box="[210,940,3158,3204]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">
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<vernacularName box="[210,940,3158,3204]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">Lesser Ryukyu White-toothed Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1010,1315,3158,3204]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[112,1316,3158,3284]" box="[1010,1315,3158,3204]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">
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<taxonomicName authority="Kuroda, 1924" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1924" box="[1010,1315,3158,3204]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="88" pageNumber="483" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watasei">
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<emphasis box="[1010,1315,3158,3204]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">Crocidura wataser</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="483" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[112,1316,3158,3284]" box="[114,1283,3221,3242]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[114,190,3221,3242]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[198,407,3221,3242]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">Crocidure de Watase</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[427,518,3221,3242]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[528,878,3221,3242]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">Kleine Ryukyu-WeiRzahnspitzmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[898,990,3221,3242]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1000,1283,3221,3242]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">Musarana de Ryukyu menor</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="88.[112,1316,3158,3284]" box="[113,761,3261,3282]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[113,360,3261,3282]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[370,589,3261,3282]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">Lesser Ryukyu Shrew</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[599,761,3261,3282]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">Watase's Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection box="[113,729,3331,3360]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[112,1316,3330,3487]" box="[113,729,3331,3360]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[113,268,3331,3360]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Kuroda, 1924" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1924" box="[287,724,3331,3360]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="88" pageNumber="483" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watasei">Crocidura watasei Kuroda, 1924</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="483" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[112,1316,3330,3487]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">
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<materialsCitation country="Japan" location="Komi" pageId="88" pageNumber="483" specimenCount="1">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A070871CFFFEA7111840F86F:B031AD99A070871CFD64A6441168F2D9" box="[745,822,3331,3360]" country="Japan" name="Komi" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">Komi</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A070871CFFFEA7111840F86F:B031AD99A070871CFCC4A64416F6F2D9" box="[841,1192,3331,3360]" country="Japan" name="Amami Oshima [Island]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">Amami Oshima [Island]</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A070871CFFFEA7111840F86F:B031AD99A070871CFB30A6441341F2BE" country="Japan" name="Ryukyu Archipelago" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">Ryukyu Archipelago</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[298,385,3366,3399]" name="Japan" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">Japan</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="483" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[112,1316,3330,3487]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">
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Like the other former subspecies of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[633,792,3414,3439]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="88" pageNumber="483" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="horsfieldii">C. horsfieldii</taxonomicName>
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from East and South-east Asia, it has been raised to a full species. Although sympatrically distributed with C.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1924" box="[1126,1167,3445,3478]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="88" pageNumber="483" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ori">ori</taxonomicName>
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in Ryukyu
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="88.[1999,2593,301,720]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">
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Islands, these two are of different origins. A recent molecular study conducted by S. Dubey and his co-workers in 2008 indicated that
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1924" box="[2116,2247,411,444]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="88" pageNumber="483" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="watasei">C. watasei</taxonomicName>
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is a relict species with a close relationship to the South-east Asian
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<taxonomicName box="[2003,2232,494,523]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="88" pageNumber="483" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">Crocidura species</taxonomicName>
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complex. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="483" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871446" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6871446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871446/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="483" targetBox="[1385,1977,309,715]" targetPageId="88">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[1999,2593,301,720]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2000,2176,529,562]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Endemic to the Ryukyu Is, including 15 small islands of both the Amami and Okinawa Is; it may be distributed to the other small islands as well.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="483" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[1999,2593,301,720]" box="[2000,2590,687,720]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2000,2250,687,720]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 54-74 mm,
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="88.[1387,2594,726,1942]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">
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tail 47-60 mm, hindfoot 10-5-12-5 mm. No specific data are available for body weight. Condylo-incisive length 17-2-18-8 mm, tooth row 7-4-8-3 mm. The Lesser Ryukyu White-toothed Shrew is a small shrew. External morphology is somehow similar to the Lesser White-toothed Shrew (
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1811" box="[1875,2052,849,878]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="88" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suaveolens">C. suaveolens</taxonomicName>
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) but with a longer tail. Summer and winter pelages are slightly different in color: in winter, dorsal pelage is dark brown and ventrum is mouse gray; in summer, dorsal pelage is light brown and ventrum is lighter. No significant morphological sexual dimorphism but age variation was recognized in many external, cranial, and mandibular characters. Tail is greater than 70% of head-body in length and bristle hair is distributed on the proximal half of the tail; tail is indistinctly bicolored. Skull is small and palatal area is broad. It has five upper unicuspids, the first being the largest, and the second slightly smaller than the third. Paracone on the upper premolar is undeveloped. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 26 and FNa = 48.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="483" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[1387,2594,726,1942]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1388,1499,1239,1272]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Occurs from near sea level to ¢.400 m. In some islands, co-occurs with the Greater Ryukyu White-toothed Shrew (C. oriz). The Lesser Ryukyu White-toothed Shrew occurs in bushes, grassland, and cultivated fields, as well as shrubs in low elevational zones of mountains.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="483" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[1387,2594,726,1942]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1388,1648,1396,1429]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Lesser Ryukyu White-toothed Shrew is insectivorous. Its diet is primarily composed of small insects (
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<taxonomicName box="[1917,2077,1436,1469]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[2095,2291,1436,1469]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority=", Plecoptera, Neuroptera" authorityName="Plecoptera, Neuroptera" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera, Plecoptera, Neuroptera</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1575,1737,1475,1508]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority=", Hemiptera" authorityName="Hemiptera" box="[1757,2112,1475,1508]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera, Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
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), spiders, centipedes, and crustaceans. Also reported to feed on small vertebrates, such as geckos and other lizards.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="483" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[1387,2594,726,1942]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1388,1522,1558,1587]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Reproduction reportedly occurs throughout the year, and might not be seasonal. Litter size is 1-4 (average 2-5). Mating system is monogamous.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="483" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[1387,2594,726,1942]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1387,1627,1633,1666]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Terrestrial. Known predators include pit vipers (
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<taxonomicName box="[2354,2498,1633,1666]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="88" pageNumber="483" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Viperidae</taxonomicName>
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), oddtoothed snakes (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Oppell" authorityYear="1811" box="[1618,1783,1672,1705]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="88" pageNumber="483" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Colubridae</taxonomicName>
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), introduced Small Indian Mongooses (Herpestes auropunctatus), introduced Japanese weasels (Mustela itatsi), and feral cats.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1388,2326,1751,1784]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[1387,2594,726,1942]" box="[1388,2326,1751,1784]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1388,2088,1751,1784]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="483" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[1387,2594,726,1942]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1388,1734,1794,1823]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. There is no serious threat to this species. Although habitat has been reduced during urban expansion since the 1970s, the population appears to be large and stable.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1388,2590,1917,1942]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="88.[1387,2594,726,1942]" box="[1388,2590,1917,1942]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1388,1541,1917,1942]" pageId="88" pageNumber="483">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Dubey, Salamin et al. (2008), Hattori et al. (1990), Motokawa et al. (1996), Ohdachi et al. (2009).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |