179 lines
17 KiB
XML
179 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-08-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870843" approvalRequired="304" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="45" approvalRequired_for_matCits="75" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="40" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="75" approvalRequired_for_treatments="69" checkinTime="1658335596803" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2018" docId="3D474A54A06D8702FA29AC5C175FFDF5" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_8_Soricidae_0332.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Suncus lixa" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="465" masterDocId="C17E322CA0288744FF8DAB47125EFFF9" masterDocTitle="Soricidae" masterLastPageNumber="551" masterPageNumber="332" pageNumber="464" updateTime="1658350298165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Soricidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2018</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2018-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>332</mods:start>
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<mods:end>551</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-08-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6870843</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870008" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870008" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A06D8702FA29AC5C175FFDF5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D474A54A06D8702FA29AC5C175FFDF5" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="465" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">
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<heading pageId="69" pageNumber="464">
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<subSubSection box="[1444,1523,1819,1861]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="69.[1439,2501,1819,1903]" box="[1444,1523,1819,1861]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">
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<figureCitation box="[1444,1523,1819,1861]" captionStart="Plate 19: Soricidae" captionStartId="64.[118,148,3136,3161]" captionTargetBox="[11,2741,14,3634]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="182. Palawan Moss Shrew (Palawanosorex muscorum), 183. Pearson’s Long-clawed Shrew (Solisorex pearsoni), 184. Kelaart’s Long-clawed Shrew (Feroculus feroculus), 185. Etruscan Shrew (Suncus etruscus), 186. Sri Lankan Shrew (Suncus fellowesgordoni), 187. Malayan Pygmy Shrew (Suncus malayanus), 188. Bornean Pygmy Shrew (Suncus hosei), 189. Jungle Shrew (Suncus zeylanicus), 190. Asian House Shrew (Suncus murinus), 191. Sr 1 Lankan Highland Shrew (Suncus montanus), 192. Nilgir 1 Highland Shrew (Suncus niger), 193. Anderson’s Shrew (Suncus stoliczkanus), 194. Day’s Shrew (Suncus dayi), 195. Flores Shrew (Suncus mertensi), 196. Black Shrew (Suncus ater), 197. Taita Shrew (Suncus aequatorius), 198. Greater Dwarf Shrew (Suncus lixa), 199. Hutu-Tutsi Dwarf Shrew (Suncus hututsi), 200. Least Dwarf Shrew (Suncus infinitestmus), 201. Remy’s Pygmy Shrew (Suncus remyi), 202. Lesser Dwarf Shrew (Suncus varilla), 203. Climbing Shrew (Suncus megalurus), 204. Rwenzori Shrew (Ruwenzorisorex suncoides), 205. Johnston's Forest Shrew (Sylvisorex johnstoni), 206. Akaibe’s Forest Shrew (Sylvisorex akaiber), 207. Moon Forest Shrew (Sylvisorex lunaris), 208. Greater Forest Shrew (Sylvisorex ollula), 209. Lesser Forest Shrew (Sylvisorex oriundus), 210. Bioko Forest Shrew (Sylvisorex isabellae), 211. Corbet’s Forest Shrew (Sylvisorex corbeti), 212. Bamenda Forest Shrew (Sylvisorex silvanorum), 213. Rainforest Shrew (Sylvisorex pluvialis), 214. Cameroonian Forest Shrew (Sylvisorex camerunensis), 215. Mount Cameroon Forest Shrew (Sylvisorex moro), 216. Kongana Forest Shrew (Sylvisorex konganensis), 217. Volcano Forest Shrew (Sylvisorex vulcanorum), 218. Grant's Forest Shrew (Sylvisorex granti), 219. Howell's Forest Shrew (Sylvisorex howelli), 220. Armored Hero Shrew (Scutisorex somereni), 221. Thor’s Hero Shrew (Scutisorex thor), 222. Greater Large-headed Shrew (Paracrocidura maxima), 223. Lesser Large-headed Shrew (Paracrocidura schoutedeni), 224. Grauer’s Large-headed Shrew (Paracrocidura graven), 225. Piebald Shrew (Diplomesodon pulchellus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871917/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">198.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1541,1980,1819,1861]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="69.[1439,2501,1819,1903]" box="[1541,1980,1819,1861]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">
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<vernacularName box="[1541,1980,1819,1861]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">Greater Dwarf Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2051,2252,1819,1861]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="69.[1439,2501,1819,1903]" box="[2051,2252,1819,1861]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[2051,2252,1819,1861]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Suncus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="69" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lixa">
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<emphasis box="[2051,2252,1819,1861]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">Suncus lixa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1440,2500,1878,1899]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="69.[1439,2501,1819,1903]" box="[1440,2500,1878,1899]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1440,1516,1878,1899]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1525,1719,1878,1899]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">Pachyure cantiniere</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1740,1830,1878,1899]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1840,2144,1878,1899]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">MittelgroRe Wimperspitzmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2164,2256,1878,1899]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2266,2500,1878,1899]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">Musarana enana mayor</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="464" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="69.[2051,2644,1950,2372]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2051,2206,1950,1979]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1898" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="69" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lixa" subGenus="Pachyura">Crocidura (Pachyura) lixa Thomas, 1898</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2268,2581,1989,2018]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="69.[2051,2644,1950,2372]" box="[2268,2581,1989,2018]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">
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<materialsCitation box="[2268,2581,1989,2018]" country="Malawi" location="Nyika Plateau" pageId="69" pageNumber="464" specimenCount="1">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A06D8702FA29AC5C175FFDF5:B031AD99A06D8701F751AC821BC3F81B" box="[2268,2461,1989,2018]" country="Malawi" name="Nyika Plateau" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">Nyika Plateau</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2477,2577,1989,2018]" name="Malawi" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="464" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="69.[2051,2644,1950,2372]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">
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In the original combination, the epithet
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<taxonomicName box="[2054,2101,2064,2097]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="69" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lixa">lixa</taxonomicName>
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1s a classical Latin noun and is there- fore invariable. The seven species of en- demically African
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1832" box="[2307,2399,2142,2175]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Suncus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="69" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Suncus</taxonomicName>
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seem to be more closely related to
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<taxonomicName box="[2313,2434,2182,2215]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sylvisorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="69" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sylvisorex</taxonomicName>
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than to other species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1832" box="[2210,2303,2221,2254]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Suncus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="69" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Suncus</taxonomicName>
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. They might be better placed in
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<taxonomicName box="[2211,2332,2260,2293]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sylvisorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="69" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sylvisorex</taxonomicName>
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but are retained in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1832" box="[2052,2145,2300,2333]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Suncus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="69" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Suncus</taxonomicName>
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here until additional research is conducted.
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[2224,2377,2339,2372]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Suncus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="69" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lixa">Suncus lixa</taxonomicName>
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previously includ-
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="69.[1435,2642,2378,3474]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">
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ed S.
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<taxonomicName box="[1519,1666,2378,2411]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Suncus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="69" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aequatorius">aequatorius</taxonomicName>
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, although it is recognized here due to its morphological differences, although genetic data have not yet validated this. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="464" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871321" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6871321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871321/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="464" targetBox="[1436,2027,1956,2370]" targetPageId="69">
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<paragraph blockId="69.[1435,2642,2378,3474]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1438,1613,2461,2490]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Southern Africa in S DR Congo, E Angola, Zambia, SW Tanzania, N Malawi, Zimbabwe, NE Namibia, N Botswana, S Mozambique, Swaziland, and E South Africa.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="464" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="69.[1435,2642,2378,3474]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1438,1705,2575,2608]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 52-81 mm, tail 36-51 mm, ear 5-8 mm, hindfoot 12 mm; weight 4-9 g. The Greater Dwarf Shrew is medium-sized, but it is a small shrew in the family. Dorsum is grayish brown; venter is pale gray; and there is no sharp demarcation, with dorsum and venter gradually blending into each other on sides. Head is long and slender, with narrow pointed muzzle; eyes are small; and ears are relatively large and rounded. Feet are generally whitish. Tail is ¢.64% of head-body length, covered with hair, and bicolored, being brown above and whitish or yellow below. Females have three pairs of inguinal mammae. Skull of the Greater Dwarf Shrew is shorter than in the Lesser Dwarf Shrew (S.
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[1491,1587,2929,2962]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Suncus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="69" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varilla">varilla</taxonomicName>
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). There are four unicuspids, and fourth is very small; teeth are unpigmented white.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="464" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="69.[1435,2642,2378,3474]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1437,1548,3008,3041]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Various dry tropical savannas and woodlands, commonly riverine forests, open dry scrub, open grassland, coastal lowland forests,
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<taxonomicName box="[2222,2308,3048,3081]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="69" pageNumber="464" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Acacia</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName box="[2328,2460,3048,3081]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="69" pageNumber="464" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
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) woodlands, and suburban gardens. Greater Dwarf Shrews primarily occur in lowland habitats.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1437,2268,3126,3159]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="69.[1435,2642,2378,3474]" box="[1437,2268,3126,3159]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1437,1698,3126,3159]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Greater Dwarf Shrews are insectivorous.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="464" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="69.[1435,2642,2378,3474]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1437,1571,3166,3199]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Reproduction of the Greater Dwarf Shrew probably occurs year-round but has been recorded in wet seasons (January) in South Africa. A lactating female was captured in August in KwaZulu-Natal. Litters have three young.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1435,1908,3283,3316]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="69.[1435,2642,2378,3474]" box="[1435,1908,3283,3316]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1435,1670,3283,3316]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="464" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="69.[1435,2642,2378,3474]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1436,2213,3323,3356]" pageId="69" pageNumber="464">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Greater Dwarf Shrews are known to inhabit and build nests in termite mounds. They might go into torpor when food is scarce, similarly to other crocidurines, although this has not been documented.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="70" pageNumber="465" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="70.[108,1314,298,527]" pageId="70" pageNumber="465">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[110,460,298,327]" pageId="70" pageNumber="465">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Although the Greater Dwarf Shrew has a relatively wide distribution and it does not seem to face any major threats,it is known from only a few scattered specimens throughoutits distribution and is difficult to catch.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="70" pageNumber="465" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="70.[108,1314,298,527]" pageId="70" pageNumber="465">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[110,263,460,485]" pageId="70" pageNumber="465">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Baxter & Dippenaar (2013i), Cassola (2017c), Dubey, Salamin, Ohdachi et al. (2007), Dubey, Salamin, Ruedi et al. (2008), Heim de Balsac & Meester (1977), Taylor (1998), Wirminghaus & Nanni (1989).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |