192 lines
19 KiB
XML
192 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-08-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870843" approvalRequired="304" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="45" approvalRequired_for_matCits="75" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="40" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="75" approvalRequired_for_treatments="69" checkinTime="1658335596803" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2018" docId="3D474A54A057873BFF15A13915E7F999" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_8_Soricidae_0332.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Crocidura cyanea" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="524" masterDocId="C17E322CA0288744FF8DAB47125EFFF9" masterDocTitle="Soricidae" masterLastPageNumber="551" masterPageNumber="332" pageNumber="524" updateTime="1658350298165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Soricidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2018</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2018-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>332</mods:start>
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<mods:end>551</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-08-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6870843</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870399" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870399" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A057873BFF15A13915E7F999" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D474A54A057873BFF15A13915E7F999" lastPageNumber="524" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">
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<heading pageId="127" pageNumber="524">
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<subSubSection box="[152,234,2686,2732]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="127.[149,1354,2686,2813]" box="[152,234,2686,2732]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">
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<figureCitation box="[152,234,2686,2732]" captionStart="Plate 23: Soricidae" captionStartId="122.[130,160,3095,3120]" captionTargetBox="[13,2739,15,3635]" captionTargetPageId="121" captionText="346. Mduma’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura mdumaz), 347. Montane White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura montis), 348. Newmark’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura newmarki), 349. Munissi’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura munissi), 350. Tanzanian White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura tansaniana), 351. Usambara White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura usambarae), 352. Kivu White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura kivuana), 353. Niobe’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura niobe), 354. Desert White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura smith), 355. Sahelian Tiny White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura pasha), 356. Roosevelt's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura roosevelti), 357. Long-footed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura crenata), 358. Grasse’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura grasset), 359. Bicolored African White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura fuscomurina), 360. Flat-headed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura planiceps), 361. Crosse’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura crosser), 362. Jouvenet’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura jouvenetae), 363. Mauritanian White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura lusitania), 364. Naked-tailed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura lttoralis), 365. Gracile White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura maurisca), 366. Reddish-gray White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura cyanea), 367. Swamp White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura mariquensis), 368. Lesser Gray-brown White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura silacea), 369. Dent's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura denti), 370. Hildegarde’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura hildegardeae), 371. Mamfe White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura virgata), 372. Bates’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura batesi), 373. Sao Tome White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura thomensis), 374. Fingui White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura fingui), 375. Fraser’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura poensis), 376. Nigerian White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nigeriae), 377. Hun White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura attila), 378. Fox’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura foxi), 379. Bittikofer’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura buettikoferi), 380. Therese’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura theresae), 381. Large-headed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura grandiceps), 382. Wimmer’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura wimmenr), 383. African Black White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nigrofusca), 384. Savanna Dwarf White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nanilla), 385. Nimba White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nimbae)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871925/files/figure.png" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">366.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[250,977,2686,2732]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="127.[149,1354,2686,2813]" box="[250,977,2686,2732]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">
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<vernacularName box="[250,977,2686,2732]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">Reddish-gray White-toothed Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1049,1353,2686,2732]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="127.[149,1354,2686,2813]" box="[1049,1353,2686,2732]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Duvernoy" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[1049,1353,2686,2732]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="127" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanea">
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<emphasis box="[1049,1353,2686,2732]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">Crocidura cyanea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="127" pageNumber="524" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="127.[149,1354,2686,2813]" box="[151,1161,2750,2771]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,226,2750,2771]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[235,422,2750,2771]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">Crocidure ardoisée</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[444,534,2750,2771]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[544,840,2750,2771]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">Rotgraue WeiRRzahnspitzmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[862,953,2750,2771]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[963,1161,2750,2771]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">Musarafa gris rojiza</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="127.[149,1354,2686,2813]" box="[150,607,2788,2809]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[150,397,2788,2809]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[407,607,2788,2809]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">Reddish-gray Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection box="[761,1351,2861,2890]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="127.[761,1354,2861,3284]" box="[761,1351,2861,2890]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[761,917,2861,2890]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Duvernoy, 1838" authorityName="Duvernoy" authorityYear="1838" box="[934,1347,2861,2890]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="127" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyaneus">Sorex cyaneus Duvernoy, 1838</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="127" pageNumber="524" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="127.[761,1354,2861,3284]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">
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<materialsCitation location="au sud de I'Afrique [= the Elephant River in Southern Africa" municipality="La riviere des Elephants" pageId="127" pageNumber="524" specimenCount="1">
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“
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<collectingMunicipality box="[775,1158,2897,2930]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">La riviere des Elephants</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A057873BFF15A13915E7F999:B031AD99A057873BFB28A01611D2F439" municipality="La riviere des Elephants" name="au sud de I'Afrique [= the Elephant River in Southern Africa" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">au sud de I’Afrique [= the Elephant River in Southern Africa</location>
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].”
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</materialsCitation>
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Restricted by G. C. Shortridge in 1942 to “Citrusdal, South Africa.”
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="127" pageNumber="524" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="127.[761,1354,2861,3284]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Duvernoy" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[764,991,3058,3087]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="127" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanea">Crocidura cyanea</taxonomicName>
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seems to be basal to a large clade including
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1895" box="[1087,1212,3093,3126]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="127" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="silacea">C. silacea</taxonomicName>
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, C. bates,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dollman" authorityYear="1915" box="[764,849,3141,3166]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="127" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="foxi">C. foxi</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Jentink" authorityYear="1888" box="[870,1046,3141,3166]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="127" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buettikoferi">C. buettikoferi</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1068,1202,3141,3166]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="127" pageNumber="0" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="theresae">C. theresae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hutterer" authorityYear="1983" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="127" pageNumber="538" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandiceps">C. grandiceps</taxonomicName>
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, and C. wimmer: with
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[1157,1354,3172,3205]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="127" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mariquensis">C. mariquensis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[825,1017,3216,3245]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="127" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hildegardeae">C. hildegardeae</taxonomicName>
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being more basal to the clade than
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Duvernoy" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[919,1040,3251,3284]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="127" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanea">C. cyanea</taxonomicName>
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. This large clade issis-
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="127.[147,1353,3289,3479]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">
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ter to a clade including
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Brosset, Dubost & Heim de Balsac" authorityYear="1965" box="[490,619,3289,3322]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="127" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenata">C. crenata</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Heuglin" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[639,835,3289,3322]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="127" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscomurina">C. fuscomurina</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1895" box="[854,968,3289,3322]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="127" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crossei">C. crossei</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[987,1155,3289,3322]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="127" pageNumber="525" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jouvenetae">C. jouvenetae</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dollman" authorityYear="1915" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="127" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lusitania">C. lusitania</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Duvernoy" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[213,432,3328,3361]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="127" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanea">Crocidura cyanea</taxonomicName>
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might represent a species complex, although additional genetic and morphometric research is needed to determine its taxonomic limits. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="127" pageNumber="524" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871721" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6871721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871721/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="524" targetBox="[146,737,2865,3277]" targetPageId="127">
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<paragraph blockId="127.[147,1353,3289,3479]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,323,3415,3440]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, E Botswana, South Africa, Swaziland, Lesotho, Namibia, and extreme SW Angola.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="127" pageNumber="524" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="127.[1428,2639,303,1636]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1433,1684,303,332]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 67-93 mm (males) and 68-89 mm (females), tail 42— 69 mm (males) and 33-55 mm (females), ear 811 mm (males) and 7-5-11 mm (females), hindfoot 11-14-5 mm (males) and 12-14 mm (females). No specific data are available for body weight. The Reddish-gray White-toothed Shrew is medium-sized to large; males seem to be larger than females. Dorsal pelage is brownish gray, grizzled with pale yellow; individual hairs are slate-gray basally and brown-tipped, with pale gray or yellowish subterminal band. Venter is paler gray, with yellow or burnt tinge in older individuals; hairs are slate-gray-based with silvery gray tips. Western individuals are generally paler than eastern individuals. Feet are yellow to pale brown. Tail is c.69% of head-body length,relatively hairy and covered with longerbristle hairs, and bicolored, being pale to dark brown above and paler below. Females have six inguinal nipples. There are three unicuspids.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="127" pageNumber="524" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="127.[1428,2639,303,1636]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1431,1543,771,804]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Various habitats such as montane forests and grasslands, vleis (grassy or marshy wetland), dense shrubs, savannas, grasslands, and rocky outcrops. In central Namibia, there is a uniquely adapted population of cave-dwelling Reddish-gray Whitetoothed Shrews that goes ¢.150 m into the cave and thrives on invertebrates.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="127" pageNumber="524" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="127.[1428,2639,303,1636]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1431,1698,929,962]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Diets of the Reddish-gray White-toothed Shrew include a variety of invertebrates. In cave-dwelling individuals in Namibia, it seems to survive on ptinid beetles, apterous crickets, and pseudoscorpions and might even eat carcasses of bats roosting in the cave.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="127" pageNumber="524" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="127.[1428,2639,303,1636]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1430,1565,1087,1120]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Breeding of Reddish-gray White-toothed Shrews occurs during the wet season (September—April), although a pregnant female was found in the dry season (July) in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Reddish-gray White-toothed Shrews probably can breed year-round and opportunistically. Litters have 2-6 young (mean 3-3).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1428,2519,1284,1317]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="127.[1428,2639,303,1636]" box="[1428,2519,1284,1317]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1428,1663,1284,1317]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Reddish-gray White-toothed Shrews are primarily nocturnal.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="127" pageNumber="524" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="127.[1428,2639,303,1636]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1429,2125,1323,1356]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Reddish-gray White-toothed Shrews are solitary.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="127" pageNumber="524" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="127.[1428,2639,303,1636]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1430,1781,1402,1435]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Reddish-gray White-toothed Shrew is common throughout much ofits distribution and seems to have no major threats.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="127" pageNumber="524" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="127.[1428,2639,303,1636]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1430,1583,1529,1554]" pageId="127" pageNumber="524">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Baxter & Dippenaar (2013a), Baxter et al. (2016), Heim de Balsac & Meester (1977), Lynch (1994), Marais & Irish (1990), Meester (1963), Rathbun (2005), Rautenbach (1982), Shortridge (1942), Smithers & Wilson (1979b), Taylor (1998), Vogel et al. (2013).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |