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<emphasis id="919BEAA49E48FF80FF3D7299FE5E10D4" bold="true" box="[142,424,1666,1689]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">Crucirostra erythroptera</emphasis>
C.L. Brehm
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<taxonomicName id="64EF4D359E48FF80FFEE72AAFE8A1093" authority="C. L. Brehm, 1853: 199 (Harz and Renthendorf)" authorityName="C. L. Brehm" authorityYear="1853" class="Aves" genus="Crucirostra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythroptera">
<emphasis id="919BEAA49E48FF80FFEE72AAFEA8108E" box="[93,350,1711,1731]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">Crucirostra erythroptera</emphasis>
C.L.
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E48FF80FE1B72AAFD9D108E" author="Brehm" box="[424,619,1712,1731]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" pagination="241 - 256" refId="ref113463" refString="Brehm, [C.] L. 1853. Die Kreuzschnabel. Crucirostra, Cuv. Naumannia 3: 178 - 203, 241 - 256." type="journal article" year="1853">Brehm, 1853: 199</bibRefCitation>
(Harz and Renthendorf)
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.
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="83FF11989E48FF80FD2874CEFCE4171C" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">
Now
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<emphasis id="919BEAA49E48FF80FD6574CEFC0B16AB" box="[726,1021,212,230]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">Loxia curvirostra curvirostra</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
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. See
<treatmentCitation id="224E10A79E48FF80FD5574F5FC5E174F" author="Hartert, E." box="[742,936,239,258]" page="13" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" year="1918">
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E48FF80FD5574F5FC5E174F" author="Hartert, E." box="[742,936,239,258]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" pagination="4 - 63" refId="ref118974" refString="Hartert, E. 1918. Types of birds in the Tring Museum. A. Types in the Brehm Collection. Novitates Zoologicae 25: 4 - 63." type="journal article" year="1918">Hartert, 1918: 13</bibRefCitation>
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, Vaurie; 1956b: 2530;
<treatmentCitation id="224E10A79E48FF80FD067513FC691751" author="Vaurie, C." box="[693,927,265,284]" page="648" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" year="1959">
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E48FF80FD067513FC691751" author="Vaurie, C." box="[693,927,265,284]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" refId="ref130329" refString="Vaurie, C. 1959. The birds of the Palearctic fauna. Passeriformes. London: H. F. &amp; G. Witherby Ltd., xii + 762 pp." type="book" year="1959">Vaurie, 1959: 648652</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="224E10A79E48FF80FC1A7513FD2A177A" author="Howell, T. R. &amp; New World &amp; R. A. Paynter, Jr. &amp; A. L. Rand &amp; African" page="288" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" year="1968">
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E48FF80FC1A7513FD2A177A" author="Howell, T. R. &amp; New World &amp; R. A. Paynter, Jr. &amp; A. L. Rand &amp; African" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" pagination="207 - 306" refId="ref119969" refString="Howell, T. R. [New World]., R. A. Paynter, Jr. [Eurasian], and A. L. Rand [African]. 1968. Subfamily Carduelinae. In R. A. Paynter, Jr. (editor), Check-list of birds of the world, vol. 14: 207 - 306. Cambridge, MA: Museum of Comparative Zoology, 433 pp." type="book chapter" year="1968">Howell et al., 1968: 288 293</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
,
<treatmentCitation id="224E10A79E48FF80FD597539FC3B177B" author="Dickinson, E. C." box="[746,973,291,311]" page="756" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E48FF80FD597539FC3B177B" author="Dickinson, E. C." box="[746,973,291,311]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" refId="ref116121" refString="Dickinson, E. C. (editor). 2003. The Howard and Moore complete checklist of the birds of the world, 3 rd ed. London: Christopher Helm, 1039 pp." type="book" year="2003">Dickinson, 2003: 756</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; and Clement, 2010: 600602.
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</paragraph>
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:
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<specimenCode id="F3499ECD9E48FF80FCF57570FBF41732" box="[838,1026,362,383]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">AMNH 457006</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
, male biennis [second-year male], caught in the
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,
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, in
<date id="D75110769E48FF80FC7275BFFBA617F7" box="[961,1104,421,443]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" value="1848-03">
<collectingDate id="C715E99E9E48FF80FC7275BFFBA617F7" box="[961,1104,421,443]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" value="1848-03">March 1848</collectingDate>
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, died in captivity
<date id="D75110769E48FF80FCBD75D8FC23179A" box="[782,981,450,471]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" value="1848-08-10">
<collectingDate id="C715E99E9E48FF80FCBD75D8FC23179A" box="[782,981,450,471]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" value="1848-08-10">10 August 1848</collectingDate>
</date>
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;
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<emphasis id="919BEAA49E48FF80FC5475D8FB54179A" bold="true" box="[999,1186,450,471]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">
<specimenCode id="F3499ECD9E48FF80FC5475D8FB54179A" box="[999,1186,450,471]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">AMNH 457007</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
, male media aetate [first-year male], caught in the
<location id="A630606D9E48FF80FD5B75E7FC5D145E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B4687A09E48FF80FF3D7299FBA01397:A630606D9E48FF80FD5B75E7FC5D145E" box="[744,939,509,531]" country="Germany" name="Harz Mountains" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">Harz Mountains</location>
<date id="D75110769E48FF80FC0775E7FBBC145F" box="[948,1098,508,531]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" value="1851-04-01">
<collectingDate id="C715E99E9E48FF80FC0775E7FBBC145F" box="[948,1098,508,531]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" value="1851-04-01">1 April 1851</collectingDate>
</date>
, died in captivity
<date id="D75110769E48FF80FCB57600FC68147D" box="[774,926,538,560]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" value="1851-05-20">
<collectingDate id="C715E99E9E48FF80FCB57600FC68147D" box="[774,926,538,560]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" value="1851-05-20">20 May 1851</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="13873CEB9E48FF80FC1A7600FC2514CA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3059739063" collectingDate="1847-04-25" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Germany" location="Roda Valley" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" specimenCode="AMNH 457011, AMNH 457012" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
<emphasis id="919BEAA49E48FF80FC1A7600FBAA1462" bold="true" box="[937,1116,538,559]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">
<specimenCode id="F3499ECD9E48FF80FC1A7600FBAA1462" box="[937,1116,538,559]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">AMNH 457011</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
, male, died after three days,
<emphasis id="919BEAA49E48FF80FC27762DFBB11401" bold="true" box="[916,1095,567,588]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">
<specimenCode id="F3499ECD9E48FF80FC27762DFBB11401" box="[916,1095,567,588]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">AMNH 457012</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
, female, died after 10 days, pair captured in the
<location id="A630606D9E48FF80FBDB764EFD1314C5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B4687A09E48FF80FF3D7299FBA01397:A630606D9E48FF80FBDB764EFD1314C5" country="Germany" name="Roda Valley" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">Roda Valley</location>
on
<date id="D75110769E48FF80FC92766BFC2514CA" box="[801,979,625,648]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" value="1847-04-25">
<collectingDate id="C715E99E9E48FF80FC92766BFC2514CA" box="[801,979,625,648]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" value="1847-04-25">25 April 1847</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="13873CEB9E48FF80FC55766BFB8F1557" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3059738968" collectingDate="1819-08-29" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Germany" county="Rothschild Collection" location="Renthendorf. From" municipality="Brehm Collection" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" specimenCode="AMNH 457009, AMNH 457008" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
<emphasis id="919BEAA49E48FF80FC55766BFB5414CB" bold="true" box="[998,1186,625,646]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">
<specimenCode id="F3499ECD9E48FF80FC55766BFB5414CB" box="[998,1186,625,646]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">AMNH 457009</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
, young male, collected
<date id="D75110769E48FF80FC1C7695FB8614E9" box="[943,1136,655,676]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" value="1819-08-29">
<collectingDate id="C715E99E9E48FF80FC1C7695FB8614E9" box="[943,1136,655,676]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" value="1819-08-29">29 August 1819</collectingDate>
</date>
and
<emphasis id="919BEAA49E48FF80FD2876B6FCB9148C" bold="true" box="[667,847,684,705]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">
<specimenCode id="F3499ECD9E48FF80FD2876B6FCB9148C" box="[667,847,684,705]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">AMNH 457008</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
, female, collected early in the year 1817, two specimens collected much earlier at
<location id="A630606D9E48FF80FC9376FCFBE714B1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B4687A09E48FF80FF3D7299FBA01397:A630606D9E48FF80FC9376FCFBE714B1" box="[800,1041,742,764]" country="Germany" county="Rothschild Collection" municipality="Brehm Collection" name="Renthendorf. From" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">Renthendorf. From</location>
the
<collectingMunicipality id="4334ACCC9E48FF80FBE876FCFCE51557" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">Brehm Collection</collectingMunicipality>
via the
<collectingCounty id="4A314E3A9E48FF80FCC7771EFB8F1557" box="[884,1145,772,794]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">Rothschild Collection</collectingCounty>
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="A35036B69E48FF80FD0B773AFC7D1211" blockId="76.[667,1194,361,1498]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">
COMMENTS: On page 201 of the original description, Brehm listed the six specimens of this form that he had, giving dates of their capture. Four of these survived in captivity for varying amounts of time. All six of these birds came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection.
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E48FF80FC9D77C8FBEF15AA" author="Hartert, E." box="[814,1049,977,999]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" pagination="4 - 63" refId="ref118974" refString="Hartert, E. 1918. Types of birds in the Tring Museum. A. Types in the Brehm Collection. Novitates Zoologicae 25: 4 - 63." type="journal article" year="1918">Hartert (1918: 13)</bibRefCitation>
considered only two of these birds to be types of
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<emphasis id="919BEAA49E48FF80FD287011FCDE126F" box="[667,808,1035,1058]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">erythroptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but this did not serve to designate a
<typeStatus id="7C5488149E48FF80FC877033FC6B1272" box="[820,925,1065,1087]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
and all six must be considered
<typeStatus id="7C5488149E48FF80FC93705DFC711211" box="[800,903,1095,1116]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A35036B69E48FF80FD0B707EFC6D1329" blockId="76.[667,1194,361,1498]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">
<materialsCitation id="13873CEB9E48FF80FD0B707EFC9A12F9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3059738391" collectionCode="AMNH" location="Rothschild" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" specimenCode="AMNH 457006" specimenCount="1">
Only
<specimenCode id="F3499ECD9E48FF80FD49707FFC441237" box="[762,946,1124,1146]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">AMNH 457006</specimenCode>
and 457007, the two specimens with
<location id="A630606D9E48FF80FCD27098FC1712D5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B4687A09E48FF80FF3D7299FBA01397:A630606D9E48FF80FCD27098FC1712D5" box="[865,993,1154,1176]" name="Rothschild" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">Rothschild</location>
type labels, remain in
<collectionCode id="C5FEAE739E48FF80FCBF7085FC9A12F9" box="[780,876,1183,1204]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">AMNH</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="13873CEB9E48FF80FC327085FC611329" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3059739002" collectingDate="1847-04-10" collectionCode="ZFMK, AMNH" location="Roda Valley" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" specimenCode="AMNH 457010" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="syntype">
the other four
<typeStatus id="7C5488149E48FF80FBF57085FB5F12F9" box="[1094,1193,1183,1204]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
were exchanged to
<collectionCode id="C5FEAE739E48FF80FC3270A7FC2D129F" box="[897,987,1213,1234]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
.
<specimenCode id="F3499ECD9E48FF80FC5B70A6FB53129F" box="[1000,1189,1212,1234]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">AMNH 457010</specimenCode>
, cataloged at
<collectionCode id="C5FEAE739E48FF80FCF070C0FC5612A2" box="[835,928,1242,1263]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">AMNH</collectionCode>
as
<emphasis id="919BEAA49E48FF80FC6F70C3FB8612BD" box="[988,1136,1241,1264]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="64EF4D359E48FF80FC6F70C3FB9B12BD" box="[988,1133,1241,1264]" class="Aves" genus="Crucirostra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythroptera">erythroptera</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
unsexed, from
<location id="A630606D9E48FF80FC9870ECFC371341" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B4687A09E48FF80FF3D7299FBA01397:A630606D9E48FF80FC9870ECFC371341" box="[811,961,1270,1292]" name="Roda Valley" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">Roda Valley</location>
,
<date id="D75110769E48FF80FC7E70EDFB871341" box="[973,1137,1270,1292]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" value="1847-04-10">
<collectingDate id="C715E99E9E48FF80FC7E70EDFB871341" box="[973,1137,1270,1292]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" value="1847-04-10">10 April 1847</collectingDate>
</date>
, was also exchanged to
<collectionCode id="C5FEAE739E48FF80FC36710EFC281364" box="[901,990,1300,1321]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
, but I have not considered it a
<typeStatus id="7C5488149E48FF80FCE67128FC58130A" box="[853,942,1330,1351]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
as this date was not mentioned by Brehm
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A35036B69E48FF80FD0B7177FBA01397" blockId="76.[667,1194,361,1498]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">
AMNH 457007 was numbered No. 14 by Brehm and this corresponds to illustration no. 14 on the unnumbered plate opposite page
<quantity id="64179B539E48FF80FD6971DEFCD51397" box="[730,803,1476,1498]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6228" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" unit="in" value="182.0">182 in</quantity>
the text of
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E48FF80FC1C71DEFBA41397" author="Brehm" box="[943,1106,1476,1498]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" pagination="241 - 256" refId="ref113463" refString="Brehm, [C.] L. 1853. Die Kreuzschnabel. Crucirostra, Cuv. Naumannia 3: 178 - 203, 241 - 256." type="journal article" year="1853">Brehm (1853)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>