168 lines
14 KiB
XML
168 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.7717/peerj.13032" ID-GBIF-Dataset="977caa99-0f2b-4cf9-bbd1-e102d465e9c9" ID-PMC="PMC8932314" ID-PubMed="35310159" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6367867" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_document="1" checkinTime="1647607330157" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Zack, Shawn P., Poust, Ashley W. & Wagner, Hugh" docDate="2022" docId="1C7987C2FF9DFFB20232EA73FAD5FD54" docLanguage="en" docName="PeerJ.10.e13032.pdf" docOrigin="PeerJ 10" docTitle="Diegoaelurus Zack & Poust & Wagner 2022, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="E040FFBAFF99FFB70030EF38FFC5FFDF" masterDocTitle="Diegoaelurus, a new machaeroidine (Oxyaenidae) from the Santiago Formation (late Uintan) of southern California and the relationships of Machaeroidinae, the oldest group of sabertooth mammals" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1668138739091" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Diegoaelurus, a new machaeroidine (Oxyaenidae) from the Santiago Formation (late Uintan) of southern California and the relationships of Machaeroidinae, the oldest group of sabertooth mammals</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zack, Shawn P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America & School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">zack@email.arizona.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Poust, Ashley W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Paleontology, San Diego Natural History Museum, San Diego, CA, United States of America & University of California Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">apoust@sdnhm.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wagner, Hugh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Paleontology, San Diego Natural History Museum, San Diego, CA, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PeerJ</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-03-15</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>27</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.7717/peerj.13032</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">977caa99-0f2b-4cf9-bbd1-e102d465e9c9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="PMC">PMC8932314</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="PubMed">35310159</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6367867</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6367846" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194097549" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6367846" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2BE5B4DE-1808-44C4-BF56-89090012ACE6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C7987C2FF9DFFB20232EA73FAD5FD54" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection box="[514,810,1355,1379]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[514,1262,1174,1415]" box="[514,810,1355,1379]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName authority="Zack & Poust & Wagner, 2022" authorityName="Zack & Poust & Wagner" authorityYear="2022" box="[514,706,1355,1378]" class="Mammalia" family="Oxyaenidae" genus="Diegoaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[514,706,1355,1378]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">DIEGOAELURUS</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[712,810,1355,1379]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[514,1262,1391,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[514,1262,1174,1415]" box="[514,1262,1391,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2BE5B4DE-1808-44C4-BF56-89090012ACE6</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[491,1141,1496,1522]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[491,1541,1496,1881]" box="[491,1141,1496,1522]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[491,645,1496,1522]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type Species</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName authority="Zack & Poust & Wagner, 2022" authorityName="Zack & Poust & Wagner" authorityYear="2022" box="[681,1040,1496,1522]" class="Mammalia" family="Oxyaenidae" genus="Diegoaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanvalkenburghae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[681,1040,1496,1522]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diegoaelurus vanvalkenburghae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1049,1141,1496,1522]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[491,1541,1496,1881]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[491,611,1536,1562]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Autapomorphies of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Zack & Poust & Wagner" authorityYear="2022" box="[881,1028,1536,1562]" class="Mammalia" family="Oxyaenidae" genus="Diegoaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[881,1028,1536,1562]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diegoaelurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are loss of p1; p2 single, rather than doublerooted; presence of a paraconid on p3; and a relatively deep mandibular flange.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[491,1541,1496,1881]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[491,759,1615,1641]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Differential Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Differs from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Matthew" authorityYear="1909" box="[948,1104,1615,1641]" class="Mammalia" family="Oxyaenidae" genus="Machaeroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[948,1104,1615,1641]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Machaeroides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in lacking metaconids on m1-2 and in having lower, more elongate trigonids on m1-2. Differs from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Scott" authorityYear="1937" box="[1256,1393,1655,1681]" class="Mammalia" family="Oxyaenidae" genus="Apataelurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1256,1393,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Apataelurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having the mandibular flange only extend back to the level of p2, a relatively larger p3, m2 only moderately larger than m1, and coronoid process taller than m2.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[491,1541,1496,1881]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[491,621,1775,1801]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Etymology</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[658,723,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diego</emphasis>
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, for San Diego, California and Gr. -
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<emphasis box="[1139,1221,1775,1801]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">aelurus</emphasis>
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, cat. While -
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<emphasis box="[1369,1448,1775,1801]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ailurus</emphasis>
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is more frequently used as a combining form, -
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<emphasis box="[957,1039,1815,1841]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">aelurus</emphasis>
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is used to align with the closely related
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Scott" authorityYear="1937" box="[491,628,1855,1881]" class="Mammalia" family="Oxyaenidae" genus="Apataelurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[491,628,1855,1881]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Apataelurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[491,1542,228,651]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[491,624,228,254]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Comments</emphasis>
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. In the phylogenetic analysis presented below,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Zack & Poust & Wagner" authorityYear="2022" box="[1200,1347,228,254]" class="Mammalia" family="Oxyaenidae" genus="Diegoaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1200,1347,228,254]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diegoaelurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is recovered as the sister taxon of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Scott" authorityYear="1937" box="[701,838,267,293]" class="Mammalia" family="Oxyaenidae" genus="Apataelurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[701,838,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Apataelurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, raising the question of why
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Zack & Poust & Wagner" authorityYear="2022" box="[1166,1406,267,293]" class="Mammalia" family="Oxyaenidae" genus="Diegoaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanvalkenburghae">
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<emphasis box="[1166,1406,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D. vanvalkenburghae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is placed in a new genus rather than
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Scott" authorityYear="1937" box="[770,907,307,333]" class="Mammalia" family="Oxyaenidae" genus="Apataelurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[770,907,307,333]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Apataelurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. There are substantial differences in the morphology of the limited overlapping material of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Zack & Poust & Wagner" authorityYear="2022" box="[906,1147,347,373]" class="Mammalia" family="Oxyaenidae" genus="Diegoaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanvalkenburghae">
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<emphasis box="[906,1147,347,373]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D. vanvalkenburghae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Scott" authorityYear="1937" box="[1325,1462,347,373]" class="Mammalia" family="Oxyaenidae" genus="Apataelurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1325,1462,347,373]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Apataelurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Some of the contrasts, particularly the more expansive mandibular flange in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Scott" authorityYear="1937" box="[1306,1443,386,412]" class="Mammalia" family="Oxyaenidae" genus="Apataelurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1306,1443,386,412]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Apataelurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, suggest substantial differences in the ecology of the two genera. Additionally, the synapomorphies uniting
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Zack & Poust & Wagner" authorityYear="2022" box="[585,826,466,492]" class="Mammalia" family="Oxyaenidae" genus="Diegoaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanvalkenburghae">
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<emphasis box="[585,826,466,492]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D. vanvalkenburghae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Scott" authorityYear="1937" box="[896,1033,466,492]" class="Mammalia" family="Oxyaenidae" genus="Apataelurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[896,1033,466,492]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Apataelurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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describe loss of lower molar metaconids and entocristids, both features that have independently evolved numerous times in the evolution of hypercarnivorous mammals. Given the strong homoplastic tendencies in these traits, support for monophyly of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Zack & Poust & Wagner" authorityYear="2022" box="[872,1019,585,611]" class="Mammalia" family="Oxyaenidae" genus="Diegoaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[872,1019,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diegoaelurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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plus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Scott" authorityYear="1937" box="[1080,1217,585,611]" class="Mammalia" family="Oxyaenidae" genus="Apataelurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1080,1217,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Apataelurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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should be considered weak, requiring confirmation from additional material of one or both taxa.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |