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<document ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.19.221" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e6ea8eea-7156-4785-8313-f4bd88dadad1" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576503" ID-ZooBank="C473F9F6-1AE7-4B3F-B17F-CA1C2709010C" checkinTime="1587956031210" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wesener, Thomas, Enghoff, Henrik &amp; Sierwald, Petra" docDate="2009" docId="1772122E7817FFD0FF013CFDAC46EEB0" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2037.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 19 (19)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@11b73717" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Colossobolus Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald 2009, gen. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="3F5F1E9A-F3BE-44F4-AB34-62DB25472FBD" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="EB4B6A567807FFC6FF8D3F74AF59EA51" masterDocTitle="Review of the Spirobolida on Madagascar, with descriptions of twelve new genera, including three genera of ' fire millipedes' (Diplopoda)" masterLastPageNumber="128" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1636630017160" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Review of the Spirobolida on Madagascar, with descriptions of twelve new genera, including three genera of ' fire millipedes' (Diplopoda)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wesener, Thomas</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="LSID">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, U. S. A. &amp; Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Museumsmeile Bonn, Adenauerallee 160, D- 53113 Bonn, Germany. &amp; B 54 D 3623309</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Enghoff, Henrik</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="LSID">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sierwald, Petra</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="LSID">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2009-09-04</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>19</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>19</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>128</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.19.221</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">e6ea8eea-7156-4785-8313-f4bd88dadad1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576503</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C473F9F6-1AE7-4B3F-B17F-CA1C2709010C</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3791384" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164184230" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3791384" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F5F1E9A-F3BE-44F4-AB34-62DB25472FBD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1772122E7817FFD0FF013CFDAC46EEB0" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<subSubSection box="[140,490,905,932]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="16.[140,974,905,968]" box="[140,490,905,932]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading box="[140,490,905,932]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,490,905,932]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName authority="Wesener" authorityName="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald" authorityYear="2009" box="[140,398,905,932]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Colossobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. n.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,290,905,932]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Colossobolus</emphasis>
Wesener
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[409,490,906,932]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[140,974,941,968]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="16.[140,974,905,968]" box="[140,974,941,968]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<uri box="[140,974,941,968]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid box="[419,974,941,968]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3F5F1E9A-F3BE-44F4-AB34-62DB25472FBD</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSection lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="multiple">
<subSubSection box="[140,617,1011,1038]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph blockId="16.[140,617,1011,1038]" box="[140,617,1011,1038]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,287,1011,1037]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<typeStatus box="[140,198,1011,1037]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName authority="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald, 2009" authorityName="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald" authorityYear="2009" box="[302,548,1011,1037]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Colossobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[302,548,1011,1037]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Colossobolus semicyclus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[556,617,1012,1038]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="16.[140,419,1081,1320]" box="[140,419,1081,1108]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,413,1081,1107]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis box="[140,212,1081,1107]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="1">Other</emphasis>
species included
</emphasis>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[140,419,1081,1320]" box="[140,384,1117,1144]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName authority="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald, 2009" authorityName="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald" authorityYear="2009" box="[140,315,1117,1144]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Colossobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[140,315,1117,1144]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. oblongopedus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[323,384,1118,1144]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[140,419,1081,1320]" box="[140,341,1153,1179]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName authority="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald, 2009" authorityName="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald" authorityYear="2009" box="[140,272,1153,1179]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Colossobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[140,272,1153,1179]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. giganteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[280,341,1153,1179]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[140,419,1081,1320]" box="[140,308,1188,1214]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName authority="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald, 2009" authorityName="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald" authorityYear="2009" box="[140,239,1188,1214]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Colossobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[140,239,1188,1214]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[247,308,1188,1214]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[140,419,1081,1320]" box="[140,323,1223,1249]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName authority="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald, 2009" authorityName="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald" authorityYear="2009" box="[140,254,1223,1249]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Colossobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[140,254,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[262,323,1223,1249]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[140,419,1081,1320]" box="[140,340,1258,1284]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName authority="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald, 2009" authorityName="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald" authorityYear="2009" box="[140,271,1258,1284]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Colossobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[140,271,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. aculeatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[279,340,1258,1284]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[140,419,1081,1320]" box="[140,411,1293,1320]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName authority="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald, 2009" authorityName="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald" authorityYear="2009" box="[140,343,1293,1320]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Colossobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[140,343,1293,1320]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. pseudoaculeatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[351,411,1294,1320]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="16.[140,1108,1363,1672]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,259,1363,1389]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="1">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: distinguished by the slender telopodite process of anterior gonopods and the disc-like shape of posterior gonopod telopodite which is always divided into two branches. The sperm canal runs through the mesal branch and the area between both branches is basally membranous (
<figureCitation box="[519,605,1469,1495]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[140,212,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1395]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[140,1108,732,1395]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Colossobolus semicyclus sp. n., male holotype. A head B legs 1–7, ventral view C telson D anterior gonopod, anterior view E anterior gonopod, posterior view F left posterior gonopod, anterior view G left posterior gonopod, posterior view H posterior gonopod, anterior view I posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; Cx-br = coxite branch; Gn = gnathochilarium; ma = membranous area; Md = mandible; ms = marginal setae; Pre = preanal ring; sf = setiferous foveolae; St = sternite; sub = subanal scale; T = telopodite; T-Lbr = telopodite lateral branch; T-mbr = telopodite main branch; Tp = telopodite process. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767294/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
). Shares a large body size (
<quantity box="[905,1050,1469,1496]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="130.0" valueMax="170.0" valueMin="90.0">90–170 mm</quantity>
) and an aposematic red/black colour pattern (
<figureCitation box="[602,694,1504,1530]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[140,212,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1395]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[140,1108,732,1395]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Colossobolus semicyclus sp. n., male holotype. A head B legs 1–7, ventral view C telson D anterior gonopod, anterior view E anterior gonopod, posterior view F left posterior gonopod, anterior view G left posterior gonopod, posterior view H posterior gonopod, anterior view I posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; Cx-br = coxite branch; Gn = gnathochilarium; ma = membranous area; Md = mandible; ms = marginal setae; Pre = preanal ring; sf = setiferous foveolae; St = sternite; sub = subanal scale; T = telopodite; T-Lbr = telopodite lateral branch; T-mbr = telopodite main branch; Tp = telopodite process. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767294/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs 9A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[707,756,1504,1530]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[140,211,1116,1138]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1092]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[140,1108,165,1092]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Colossobolus oblongopedus sp. n., male holotype. A head, lateral B legs 1–7, ventral view C anterior gonopods, anterior view D anterior gonopods, posterior view. Co = collum; Cx = coxite; Gr = groove on anterior gonopod; IL = incisura lateralis; LL = lamella lingualis; Md = mandible; ms = marginal setae; sf = setiferous foveolae; St = sternite; ST = stipites;T = telopodite;Tp = telopodite process.Not to same scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820800/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">13A</figureCitation>
) with
<taxonomicName authority="Silvestri, 1897" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1897" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Aphistogoniulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[833,1003,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Aphistogoniulus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Silvestri" firstAuthor="Silvestri" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="651 - 653" refId="ref57740" refString="Silvestri F (1897) Systema Diplopodum. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova 38: 651 - 653." type="journal article" year="1897">Silvestri, 1897</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Wesener &amp; Enghoff, 2008" authorityName="Wesener &amp; Enghoff" authorityYear="2008" box="[217,661,1539,1566]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Madabolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[217,337,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Madabolus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Wesener &amp; Enghoff" box="[348,661,1539,1566]" firstAuthor="Wesener" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="37 - 53" refId="ref58000" refString="Wesener T, Enghoff H, Wagele J-W (2008) Pachybolini - a tribe of giant Afrotropical millipedes: arguments for monophyly and the description of a new genus from Madagascar (Diplopoda: Spirobolida: Pachybolidae). Invertebrate Systematics 22: 37 - 53. [http: // www. publish. csiro. au /? act = view _ file &amp; file _ id = IS 07008. pdf]" type="journal article" year="2008">Wesener &amp; Enghoff, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald" authorityYear="2009" box="[676,810,1539,1565]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Corallobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[676,810,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Corallobolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald" authorityYear="2009" box="[875,1032,1539,1565]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Sanguinobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[875,1032,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Sanguinobolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Male tarsal pads are prominently developed. Shares a wide and short coxite process of the anterior gonopods (
<figureCitation box="[361,450,1610,1636]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[140,212,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1395]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[140,1108,732,1395]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Colossobolus semicyclus sp. n., male holotype. A head B legs 1–7, ventral view C telson D anterior gonopod, anterior view E anterior gonopod, posterior view F left posterior gonopod, anterior view G left posterior gonopod, posterior view H posterior gonopod, anterior view I posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; Cx-br = coxite branch; Gn = gnathochilarium; ma = membranous area; Md = mandible; ms = marginal setae; Pre = preanal ring; sf = setiferous foveolae; St = sternite; sub = subanal scale; T = telopodite; T-Lbr = telopodite lateral branch; T-mbr = telopodite main branch; Tp = telopodite process. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767294/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
) with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald" authorityYear="2009" box="[523,680,1610,1636]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Sanguinobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[523,680,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Sanguinobolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while this process is slender in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald" authorityYear="2009" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Corallobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Corallobolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[229,317,1645,1671]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[140,212,713,735]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,168,694]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[140,1108,165,694]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Corallobolus cruentus sp. n., male holotype. A anterior gonopods, anterior view B left posterior gonopod, posterior view C left posterior gonopod, anterior view. Cx coxite cp coxite process rp retrorse process St sternite T telopodite Tp telopodite process. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767284" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767284/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
), and slender as well as longer than the telopodite in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1897" box="[917,1087,1645,1671]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Aphistogoniulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[917,1087,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Aphistogoniulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767294" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3767294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767294/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[140,212,1462,1484]" targetBox="[140,1108,165,1395]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph blockId="17.[140,1108,1462,1676]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,241,1462,1484]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figure 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald, 2009" authorityName="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald" authorityYear="2009" box="[249,454,1462,1483]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Colossobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[249,454,1462,1483]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Colossobolus semicyclus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[462,516,1463,1484]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, male holotype.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[678,697,1462,1484]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis>
head
<emphasis bold="true" box="[757,774,1462,1484]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B</emphasis>
legs 1–7, ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" box="[998,1017,1462,1484]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C</emphasis>
telson
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1088,1107,1462,1484]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D</emphasis>
anterior gonopod, anterior view
<emphasis bold="true" box="[448,463,1494,1516]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E</emphasis>
anterior gonopod, posterior view
<emphasis bold="true" box="[788,802,1494,1516]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">F</emphasis>
left posterior gonopod, anterior view
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,209,1526,1548]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G</emphasis>
left posterior gonopod, posterior view
<emphasis bold="true" box="[574,594,1526,1548]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">H</emphasis>
posterior gonopod, anterior view
<emphasis bold="true" box="[915,923,1526,1548]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">I</emphasis>
posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; Cx-br = coxite branch; Gn = gnathochilarium; ma = membranous area; Md = mandible; ms = marginal setae; Pre = preanal ring; sf = setiferous foveolae; St = sternite; sub = subanal scale; T = telopodite; T-Lbr = telopodite lateral branch; T-mbr = telopodite main branch; Tp = telopodite process. Scale bars = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="18.[140,1108,166,968]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,488,166,193]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis box="[185,336,166,192]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="1">Distribution</emphasis>
and ecology
</emphasis>
: species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald" authorityYear="2009" box="[619,751,167,193]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Colossobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[619,751,167,193]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Colossobolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been recorded from littoral, dry and subhumid forests in northern
<collectingCountry box="[624,757,202,228]" name="Madagascar" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation box="[773,858,202,228]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="18.[140,212,1654,1676]" captionTargetBox="[160,1106,1078,1634]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[140,1109,1071,1635]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 10. Distribution of the genus Colossobolus gen. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820794/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). Two different
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald" authorityYear="2009" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Colossobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Colossobolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species occur sympatrically at numerous sites, but no
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald" authorityYear="2009" box="[832,964,237,263]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Colossobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[832,964,237,263]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Colossobolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species have been found in rainforests. Species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald" authorityYear="2009" box="[549,681,272,298]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Colossobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[549,681,272,298]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Colossobolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1897" box="[736,906,272,298]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Aphistogoniulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[736,906,272,298]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Aphistogoniulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurred sympatrically on at least one site. Species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald" authorityYear="2009" box="[550,682,307,333]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Colossobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[550,682,307,333]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Colossobolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are probably active on the soil surface and might even climb trees because of their long legs, aposematic colour pattern and the fact that some species were caught in pitfall traps.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="18.[140,1108,166,968]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,335,413,439]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis box="[185,330,413,439]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="1">Description</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[342,406,413,439]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Males</emphasis>
: length up to
<quantity box="[564,663,413,440]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="165.0">165 mm</quantity>
, diameter up to 12.0 mm, 47–52 rings. Females: length up to
<quantity box="[390,490,448,475]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="128.0">128 mm</quantity>
, diameter up to
<quantity box="[675,783,448,475]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="15.5">15.5 mm</quantity>
, 49–52 rings. Apodous rings absent in all adult specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="18.[140,1108,166,968]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis box="[185,300,519,545]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Coloration</emphasis>
(after short time in alcohol): prozona and mesozona red or reddishbrown (faded to grey because of light or alcohol exposure in some specimens), metazona dark brown or black (
<figureCitation box="[437,519,589,615]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="31.[140,212,1622,1644]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,768,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[140,1109,768,1602]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 17. Colossobolus litoralis sp. n., living specimen, photographed by Angelika Knoll, February 2007 at Forêt Orangea (all rights reserved)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820808/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
). Ozopores surrounded in some specimens by a large black spot. Telson (also faded to grey in some specimens), head, antennae, gonopods and legs always red (
<figureCitation box="[369,494,659,686]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[140,212,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1395]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[140,1108,732,1395]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Colossobolus semicyclus sp. n., male holotype. A head B legs 1–7, ventral view C telson D anterior gonopod, anterior view E anterior gonopod, posterior view F left posterior gonopod, anterior view G left posterior gonopod, posterior view H posterior gonopod, anterior view I posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; Cx-br = coxite branch; Gn = gnathochilarium; ma = membranous area; Md = mandible; ms = marginal setae; Pre = preanal ring; sf = setiferous foveolae; St = sternite; sub = subanal scale; T = telopodite; T-Lbr = telopodite lateral branch; T-mbr = telopodite main branch; Tp = telopodite process. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767294/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 9A, C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="18.[140,1108,166,968]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis box="[185,244,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Head</emphasis>
: each eye with circa 35–40 ocelli arranged in 6–9 vertical rows (
<figureCitation box="[1003,1095,695,721]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[140,212,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1395]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[140,1108,732,1395]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Colossobolus semicyclus sp. n., male holotype. A head B legs 1–7, ventral view C telson D anterior gonopod, anterior view E anterior gonopod, posterior view F left posterior gonopod, anterior view G left posterior gonopod, posterior view H posterior gonopod, anterior view I posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; Cx-br = coxite branch; Gn = gnathochilarium; ma = membranous area; Md = mandible; ms = marginal setae; Pre = preanal ring; sf = setiferous foveolae; St = sternite; sub = subanal scale; T = telopodite; T-Lbr = telopodite lateral branch; T-mbr = telopodite main branch; Tp = telopodite process. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767294/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
). Labrum with circa three irregular teeth and one row of 10–12 stout marginal setae (
<figureCitation box="[148,235,765,791]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[140,212,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1395]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[140,1108,732,1395]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Colossobolus semicyclus sp. n., male holotype. A head B legs 1–7, ventral view C telson D anterior gonopod, anterior view E anterior gonopod, posterior view F left posterior gonopod, anterior view G left posterior gonopod, posterior view H posterior gonopod, anterior view I posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; Cx-br = coxite branch; Gn = gnathochilarium; ma = membranous area; Md = mandible; ms = marginal setae; Pre = preanal ring; sf = setiferous foveolae; St = sternite; sub = subanal scale; T = telopodite; T-Lbr = telopodite lateral branch; T-mbr = telopodite main branch; Tp = telopodite process. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767294/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
). Clypeus with two setiferous foveolae on each side (
<figureCitation box="[824,911,765,791]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[140,212,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1395]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[140,1108,732,1395]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Colossobolus semicyclus sp. n., male holotype. A head B legs 1–7, ventral view C telson D anterior gonopod, anterior view E anterior gonopod, posterior view F left posterior gonopod, anterior view G left posterior gonopod, posterior view H posterior gonopod, anterior view I posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; Cx-br = coxite branch; Gn = gnathochilarium; ma = membranous area; Md = mandible; ms = marginal setae; Pre = preanal ring; sf = setiferous foveolae; St = sternite; sub = subanal scale; T = telopodite; T-Lbr = telopodite lateral branch; T-mbr = telopodite main branch; Tp = telopodite process. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767294/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
). Antennal cavity present, not extending below eye (
<figureCitation box="[529,634,800,826]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[140,211,1116,1138]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1092]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[140,1108,165,1092]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Colossobolus oblongopedus sp. n., male holotype. A head, lateral B legs 1–7, ventral view C anterior gonopods, anterior view D anterior gonopods, posterior view. Co = collum; Cx = coxite; Gr = groove on anterior gonopod; IL = incisura lateralis; LL = lamella lingualis; Md = mandible; ms = marginal setae; sf = setiferous foveolae; St = sternite; ST = stipites;T = telopodite;Tp = telopodite process.Not to same scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820800/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
). Antennae short, reaching back to ring 3 or 4 (
<figureCitation box="[208,300,835,862]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[140,212,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1395]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[140,1108,732,1395]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Colossobolus semicyclus sp. n., male holotype. A head B legs 1–7, ventral view C telson D anterior gonopod, anterior view E anterior gonopod, posterior view F left posterior gonopod, anterior view G left posterior gonopod, posterior view H posterior gonopod, anterior view I posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; Cx-br = coxite branch; Gn = gnathochilarium; ma = membranous area; Md = mandible; ms = marginal setae; Pre = preanal ring; sf = setiferous foveolae; St = sternite; sub = subanal scale; T = telopodite; T-Lbr = telopodite lateral branch; T-mbr = telopodite main branch; Tp = telopodite process. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767294/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
). Relative lengths of antennomeres: 1&lt;&lt;2&gt;&gt;3=4=5=6, antennomere 2 longest (
<figureCitation box="[238,343,871,897]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[140,212,1421,1443]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,166,1402]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[140,1108,165,1402]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Colossobolus semicyclus sp. n., female paratype, SEM. A antenna, apical view B antennomere 5 with sensilla basiconica C apical view on disc D gnathochilarium, dorsal view. cp = central located pads, median palps; Endo = endochilarium; eP = external palpus; iP = internal palpus; sb =sensilla basiconica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820796/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
). Terminal antennomere with four large sensory cones located together inside a membranous area (
<figureCitation box="[526,630,906,932]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[140,212,1421,1443]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,166,1402]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[140,1108,165,1402]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Colossobolus semicyclus sp. n., female paratype, SEM. A antenna, apical view B antennomere 5 with sensilla basiconica C apical view on disc D gnathochilarium, dorsal view. cp = central located pads, median palps; Endo = endochilarium; eP = external palpus; iP = internal palpus; sb =sensilla basiconica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820796/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
). Antennomere 5 latero-apically with four rows, antennomere 6 with three rows (
<figureCitation box="[575,674,941,967]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[140,212,1421,1443]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,166,1402]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[140,1108,165,1402]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Colossobolus semicyclus sp. n., female paratype, SEM. A antenna, apical view B antennomere 5 with sensilla basiconica C apical view on disc D gnathochilarium, dorsal view. cp = central located pads, median palps; Endo = endochilarium; eP = external palpus; iP = internal palpus; sb =sensilla basiconica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820796/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
) of sensilla basiconica.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820794" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3820794" box="[140,676,1654,1676]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820794/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[140,212,1654,1676]" targetBox="[160,1106,1078,1634]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph blockId="18.[140,676,1654,1676]" box="[140,676,1654,1676]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,251,1654,1676]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figure 10.</emphasis>
Distribution of the genus
<taxonomicName authority="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald, 2009" authorityName="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald" authorityYear="2009" box="[498,606,1654,1675]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Colossobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. n.">
<emphasis box="[498,606,1654,1675]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Colossobolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[612,676,1655,1676]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820796" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3820796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820796/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[140,212,1421,1443]" targetBox="[140,1108,166,1402]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph blockId="19.[140,1108,1421,1508]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,251,1421,1443]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figure 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald, 2009" authorityName="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald" authorityYear="2009" box="[257,459,1422,1443]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Colossobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[257,459,1422,1443]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Colossobolus semicyclus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[465,517,1422,1443]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, female
<typeStatus box="[594,676,1422,1443]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">paratype</typeStatus>
, SEM.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[745,764,1421,1443]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A</emphasis>
antenna, apical view
<emphasis bold="true" box="[963,980,1421,1443]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">B</emphasis>
antennomere 5 with sensilla basiconica
<emphasis bold="true" box="[375,394,1453,1475]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C</emphasis>
apical view on disc
<emphasis bold="true" box="[575,594,1453,1475]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D</emphasis>
gnathochilarium, dorsal view. cp = central located pads, median palps; Endo = endochilarium; eP = external palpus; iP = internal palpus; sb =sensilla basiconica.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="19.[140,1108,1539,1672]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis box="[185,373,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Gnathochilarium</emphasis>
: of usual spirobolidan shape. Lamellae linguales each with two standard setae located behind one another. Stipites each with three apical setae (
<figureCitation box="[148,250,1610,1636]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[140,211,1116,1138]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1092]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[140,1108,165,1092]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Colossobolus oblongopedus sp. n., male holotype. A head, lateral B legs 1–7, ventral view C anterior gonopods, anterior view D anterior gonopods, posterior view. Co = collum; Cx = coxite; Gr = groove on anterior gonopod; IL = incisura lateralis; LL = lamella lingualis; Md = mandible; ms = marginal setae; sf = setiferous foveolae; St = sternite; ST = stipites;T = telopodite;Tp = telopodite process.Not to same scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820800/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
). Mentum with several transverse ridges in basal half. Palpi of gnathochilarium with numerous sensilla. Hypopharyngeal crest with a field of spine-like structures.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820798" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3820798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820798/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[140,212,1090,1112]" targetBox="[140,1108,165,1070]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph blockId="20.[140,1108,1090,1176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,253,1090,1112]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figure 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald, 2009" authorityName="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald" authorityYear="2009" box="[261,466,1090,1111]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Colossobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[261,466,1090,1111]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Colossobolus semicyclus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[473,527,1091,1112]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, female
<typeStatus box="[608,690,1091,1112]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">paratype</typeStatus>
, SEM.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[763,782,1090,1112]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A</emphasis>
left mandible, mesal view
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1038,1055,1090,1112]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">B</emphasis>
right vulva. 3iT = 3-combed internal teeth; av = anterior valve; eT = external tooth; mp = molar plate; pL = pectinate lamella; pv = posterior valve.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="20.[140,1108,1223,1672]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Central pads of endochilarium separated by a step into two levels, group of 10–12 sensilla located apically in recessed area. Medial palps with a large group of sensilla each, located towards hypopharyngeal crest (
<figureCitation box="[578,684,1293,1319]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[140,212,1421,1443]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,166,1402]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[140,1108,165,1402]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Colossobolus semicyclus sp. n., female paratype, SEM. A antenna, apical view B antennomere 5 with sensilla basiconica C apical view on disc D gnathochilarium, dorsal view. cp = central located pads, median palps; Endo = endochilarium; eP = external palpus; iP = internal palpus; sb =sensilla basiconica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820796/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="20.[140,1108,1223,1672]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis box="[185,291,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Mandible</emphasis>
: external tooth simple, rounded; mesal tooth with three cusps. Five pectinate lamellae. Mesal margin of pectinate area with circa four rows of small slender spines. Molar plate with numerous (7–10), very shallow transverse furrows (
<figureCitation box="[992,1095,1399,1425]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[140,212,1090,1112]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1070]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[140,1108,165,1073]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Colossobolus semicyclus sp. n., female paratype, SEM. A left mandible, mesal view B right vulva. 3iT = 3-combed internal teeth; av = anterior valve; eT = external tooth; mp = molar plate; pL = pectinate lamella; pv = posterior valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820798/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="20.[140,1108,1223,1672]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis box="[185,274,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Collum:</emphasis>
smooth, laterally not protruding as far as ventral surface of body ring 2 (
<figureCitation box="[147,270,1469,1496]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[140,212,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1395]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[140,1108,732,1395]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Colossobolus semicyclus sp. n., male holotype. A head B legs 1–7, ventral view C telson D anterior gonopod, anterior view E anterior gonopod, posterior view F left posterior gonopod, anterior view G left posterior gonopod, posterior view H posterior gonopod, anterior view I posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; Cx-br = coxite branch; Gn = gnathochilarium; ma = membranous area; Md = mandible; ms = marginal setae; Pre = preanal ring; sf = setiferous foveolae; St = sternite; sub = subanal scale; T = telopodite; T-Lbr = telopodite lateral branch; T-mbr = telopodite main branch; Tp = telopodite process. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767294/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 9A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="20.[140,1108,1223,1672]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis box="[185,308,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Body rings:</emphasis>
mostly smooth, with some irregular punctation and some transverse impressions on mesozona. Metazona and mesozona ventrally with deep longitudinal impressions. Ozopores starting at ring 6, located closely in front of, but not touching suture between mesozona and metazona. Ozopore on ring 6 located much more ventrally than subsequent ozopores.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820800" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3820800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820800/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[140,211,1116,1138]" targetBox="[140,1108,165,1092]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph blockId="21.[140,1109,1116,1234]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,250,1116,1138]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figure 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald, 2009" authorityName="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald" authorityYear="2009" box="[255,484,1116,1137]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Colossobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[255,484,1116,1137]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Colossobolus oblongopedus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[489,540,1116,1137]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, male
<typeStatus box="[599,683,1116,1138]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">holotype</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[691,710,1116,1138]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A</emphasis>
head, lateral
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,848,1116,1138]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">B</emphasis>
legs 1–7, ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1054,1073,1116,1138]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">C</emphasis>
anterior gonopods, anterior view
<emphasis bold="true" box="[420,439,1148,1170]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">D</emphasis>
anterior gonopods, posterior view. Co = collum; Cx = coxite; Gr = groove on anterior gonopod; IL = incisura lateralis; LL = lamella lingualis; Md = mandible; ms = marginal setae; sf = setiferous foveolae; St = sternite; ST = stipites; T = telopodite; Tp = telopodite process. Not to same scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="21.[140,1108,1328,1671]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis box="[185,251,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Telson</emphasis>
: anal valves with well-developed lips and micropunctation, but with neither grooves nor setae. Preanal process well-rounded or sharp, but never extending beyond anal valves (
<figureCitation box="[274,363,1399,1425]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[140,212,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1395]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[140,1108,732,1395]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Colossobolus semicyclus sp. n., male holotype. A head B legs 1–7, ventral view C telson D anterior gonopod, anterior view E anterior gonopod, posterior view F left posterior gonopod, anterior view G left posterior gonopod, posterior view H posterior gonopod, anterior view I posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; Cx-br = coxite branch; Gn = gnathochilarium; ma = membranous area; Md = mandible; ms = marginal setae; Pre = preanal ring; sf = setiferous foveolae; St = sternite; sub = subanal scale; T = telopodite; T-Lbr = telopodite lateral branch; T-mbr = telopodite main branch; Tp = telopodite process. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767294/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
). Subanal scale inconspicuous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[140,1108,1328,1671]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis box="[185,231,1435,1460]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Legs</emphasis>
: coxae 1 and 2 elongated and fused with sternum, podomeres from prefemur to tarsus in both sexes each with 4–10 ventral/mesal setae. Length of midbody legs circa 1.2 times body diameter in males, circa 0.8 times body diameter in females. Each podomere with an apical, ventral seta. Coxae 3 and beyond of rectangular shape (
<figureCitation box="[148,256,1575,1601]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="32.[140,212,1558,1580]" captionTargetBox="[179,1067,165,1538]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[179,1068,165,1541]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 18. Colossobolus litoralis sp. n., male holotype.A head, lateral B telson C legs 1–7, ventral view D coxae of midbody leg, posterior view E anterior gonopods, anterior view F anterior gonopods, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; LL = lamella lingualis; Md = mandible; Pre = preanal ring; St = sternite; ST = stipites; sub = subanal scale;T = telopodite; Tp = telopodite process. Not to same scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820810/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 18D</figureCitation>
). Tarsus with a stout dorso-apical setae and in males a pair of stout ventroapical setae, in females with three pairs of setae, of which apical pair stout, others successively much smaller.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="22.[140,1108,167,1249]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis box="[185,440,167,193]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Male sexual characters</emphasis>
: tarsi 3 and beyond with a large tarsal pad not protruding past base of claw. Coxae 3–7 with a short process each, this process protruding posteriorly, but never overlapping adjacent one. Processes on coxae 3 and 4 slightly longer than those on coxae 5–7 (
<figureCitation box="[550,646,272,298]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[140,212,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1395]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[140,1108,732,1395]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Colossobolus semicyclus sp. n., male holotype. A head B legs 1–7, ventral view C telson D anterior gonopod, anterior view E anterior gonopod, posterior view F left posterior gonopod, anterior view G left posterior gonopod, posterior view H posterior gonopod, anterior view I posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; Cx-br = coxite branch; Gn = gnathochilarium; ma = membranous area; Md = mandible; ms = marginal setae; Pre = preanal ring; sf = setiferous foveolae; St = sternite; sub = subanal scale; T = telopodite; T-Lbr = telopodite lateral branch; T-mbr = telopodite main branch; Tp = telopodite process. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767294/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
). Gonopods not projecting past body rings (
<figureCitation box="[214,320,307,334]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="30.[140,212,1329,1351]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1309]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[140,1108,165,989]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 16. Colossobolus minor sp. n., male holotype. A legs 1–7, ventral view B telson C anterior gonopods, anterior view D anterior gonopods, posterior view E left posterior gonopod, anterior view F left posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Cx = coxite; Gr = groove on anterior gonopods; LL = lamella lingualis; ma = membranous area; Md = mandible; Pre = preanal ring; St = sternite; ST = stipites; sub = subanal scale; T = telopodite; T-Lbr = telopodite lateral branch; T-mbr = telopodite main branch; Tp = telopodite process. Not to same scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820806/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="22.[140,1108,167,1249]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis box="[185,380,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Anterior gonopods</emphasis>
: sternite triangular, well-rounded or only slightly tapering (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[140,212,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1395]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[140,1108,732,1395]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Colossobolus semicyclus sp. n., male holotype. A head B legs 1–7, ventral view C telson D anterior gonopod, anterior view E anterior gonopod, posterior view F left posterior gonopod, anterior view G left posterior gonopod, posterior view H posterior gonopod, anterior view I posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; Cx-br = coxite branch; Gn = gnathochilarium; ma = membranous area; Md = mandible; ms = marginal setae; Pre = preanal ring; sf = setiferous foveolae; St = sternite; sub = subanal scale; T = telopodite; T-Lbr = telopodite lateral branch; T-mbr = telopodite main branch; Tp = telopodite process. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767294/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
), protruding almost as high as coxite. Coxite broad, smoothly rounded, laterally curving around telopodite, extending only slightly towards posterior side, where it is laterally visible as a small triangular sclerite (
<figureCitation box="[639,726,448,474]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[140,212,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1395]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[140,1108,732,1395]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Colossobolus semicyclus sp. n., male holotype. A head B legs 1–7, ventral view C telson D anterior gonopod, anterior view E anterior gonopod, posterior view F left posterior gonopod, anterior view G left posterior gonopod, posterior view H posterior gonopod, anterior view I posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; Cx-br = coxite branch; Gn = gnathochilarium; ma = membranous area; Md = mandible; ms = marginal setae; Pre = preanal ring; sf = setiferous foveolae; St = sternite; sub = subanal scale; T = telopodite; T-Lbr = telopodite lateral branch; T-mbr = telopodite main branch; Tp = telopodite process. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767294/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
). Mesal coxite process short, wide and well-rounded (
<figureCitation box="[363,460,483,510]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[140,212,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1395]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[140,1108,732,1395]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Colossobolus semicyclus sp. n., male holotype. A head B legs 1–7, ventral view C telson D anterior gonopod, anterior view E anterior gonopod, posterior view F left posterior gonopod, anterior view G left posterior gonopod, posterior view H posterior gonopod, anterior view I posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; Cx-br = coxite branch; Gn = gnathochilarium; ma = membranous area; Md = mandible; ms = marginal setae; Pre = preanal ring; sf = setiferous foveolae; St = sternite; sub = subanal scale; T = telopodite; T-Lbr = telopodite lateral branch; T-mbr = telopodite main branch; Tp = telopodite process. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767294/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
). Telopodite mesally elongated into a long, wide, wellrounded process (
<figureCitation box="[338,430,519,545]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[140,212,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1395]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[140,1108,732,1395]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Colossobolus semicyclus sp. n., male holotype. A head B legs 1–7, ventral view C telson D anterior gonopod, anterior view E anterior gonopod, posterior view F left posterior gonopod, anterior view G left posterior gonopod, posterior view H posterior gonopod, anterior view I posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; Cx-br = coxite branch; Gn = gnathochilarium; ma = membranous area; Md = mandible; ms = marginal setae; Pre = preanal ring; sf = setiferous foveolae; St = sternite; sub = subanal scale; T = telopodite; T-Lbr = telopodite lateral branch; T-mbr = telopodite main branch; Tp = telopodite process. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767294/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
). Mesal margin basally of telopodite process always elevated, sharp-edged, in some species widely protruding (
<figureCitation box="[699,790,554,580]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[140,212,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1395]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[140,1108,732,1395]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Colossobolus semicyclus sp. n., male holotype. A head B legs 1–7, ventral view C telson D anterior gonopod, anterior view E anterior gonopod, posterior view F left posterior gonopod, anterior view G left posterior gonopod, posterior view H posterior gonopod, anterior view I posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; Cx-br = coxite branch; Gn = gnathochilarium; ma = membranous area; Md = mandible; ms = marginal setae; Pre = preanal ring; sf = setiferous foveolae; St = sternite; sub = subanal scale; T = telopodite; T-Lbr = telopodite lateral branch; T-mbr = telopodite main branch; Tp = telopodite process. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767294/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 9E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[803,852,554,580]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="32.[140,212,1558,1580]" captionTargetBox="[179,1067,165,1538]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[179,1068,165,1541]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 18. Colossobolus litoralis sp. n., male holotype.A head, lateral B telson C legs 1–7, ventral view D coxae of midbody leg, posterior view E anterior gonopods, anterior view F anterior gonopods, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; LL = lamella lingualis; Md = mandible; Pre = preanal ring; St = sternite; ST = stipites; sub = subanal scale;T = telopodite; Tp = telopodite process. Not to same scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820810/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">18F</figureCitation>
). A large, deep groove usually present in basal part of telopodite (
<figureCitation box="[641,751,589,615]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[140,211,1116,1138]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1092]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[140,1108,165,1092]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Colossobolus oblongopedus sp. n., male holotype. A head, lateral B legs 1–7, ventral view C anterior gonopods, anterior view D anterior gonopods, posterior view. Co = collum; Cx = coxite; Gr = groove on anterior gonopod; IL = incisura lateralis; LL = lamella lingualis; Md = mandible; ms = marginal setae; sf = setiferous foveolae; St = sternite; ST = stipites;T = telopodite;Tp = telopodite process.Not to same scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820800/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
). Apodeme very small, located basally of sternite and entirely covered with muscle tissue (
<figureCitation box="[799,903,624,651]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="28.[140,212,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1409]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[140,1108,528,1439]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 15. Colossobolus giganteus sp. n., male holotype. A head, lateral B legs 1–7, ventral view C anterior gonopods, anterior view D anterior gonopods, posterior view E left posterior gonopod, anterior view F left posterior gonopod, posterior view. Apo = apodeme; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; Cx-br = coxite branch; IL = incisura lateralis; LL = lamella lingualis; ma = membranous area; Md = mandible; St = sternite; ST = stipites; T = telopodite; T-Lbr = telopodite lateral branch; T-mbr = telopodite main branch; Tp = telopodite process. Not to same scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820804/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 15C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="22.[140,1108,167,1249]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis box="[185,471,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Posterior gonopods in situ</emphasis>
almost completely covered by anterior gonopod. Posterior gonopods clearly divided into coxite and telopodite. Sternite sclerotized and well-visible (
<figureCitation box="[285,388,730,757]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="28.[140,212,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1409]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[140,1108,528,1439]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 15. Colossobolus giganteus sp. n., male holotype. A head, lateral B legs 1–7, ventral view C anterior gonopods, anterior view D anterior gonopods, posterior view E left posterior gonopod, anterior view F left posterior gonopod, posterior view. Apo = apodeme; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; Cx-br = coxite branch; IL = incisura lateralis; LL = lamella lingualis; ma = membranous area; Md = mandible; St = sternite; ST = stipites; T = telopodite; T-Lbr = telopodite lateral branch; T-mbr = telopodite main branch; Tp = telopodite process. Not to same scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820804/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 15F</figureCitation>
). Coxite basally wide, mesally with a single groove (
<figureCitation box="[997,1099,730,756]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[140,212,1050,1072]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1030]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[140,1108,165,1031]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Colossobolus oblongopedus sp. n., male holotype, right posterior gonopod. A anterior view B posterior view. Cx = coxite; Cx-br = coxite branch; ma = membranous area; S-Gr = spermatic groove; T = telopodite; T-Lbr = telopodite lateral branch; T-mbr = telopodite main branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820802/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 14B</figureCitation>
) protruding into a stem towards telopodite. Telopodite always developed as a special disc, separated from coxite stem by a membranous area (
<figureCitation box="[773,840,800,826]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[140,212,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1395]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[140,1108,732,1395]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Colossobolus semicyclus sp. n., male holotype. A head B legs 1–7, ventral view C telson D anterior gonopod, anterior view E anterior gonopod, posterior view F left posterior gonopod, anterior view G left posterior gonopod, posterior view H posterior gonopod, anterior view I posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; Cx-br = coxite branch; Gn = gnathochilarium; ma = membranous area; Md = mandible; ms = marginal setae; Pre = preanal ring; sf = setiferous foveolae; St = sternite; sub = subanal scale; T = telopodite; T-Lbr = telopodite lateral branch; T-mbr = telopodite main branch; Tp = telopodite process. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767294/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 9</figureCitation>
F–I). Telopodites either standing face-to-face (
<figureCitation box="[389,509,835,862]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[140,212,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1395]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[140,1108,732,1395]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Colossobolus semicyclus sp. n., male holotype. A head B legs 1–7, ventral view C telson D anterior gonopod, anterior view E anterior gonopod, posterior view F left posterior gonopod, anterior view G left posterior gonopod, posterior view H posterior gonopod, anterior view I posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; Cx-br = coxite branch; Gn = gnathochilarium; ma = membranous area; Md = mandible; ms = marginal setae; Pre = preanal ring; sf = setiferous foveolae; St = sternite; sub = subanal scale; T = telopodite; T-Lbr = telopodite lateral branch; T-mbr = telopodite main branch; Tp = telopodite process. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767294/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 9F, G</figureCitation>
), or parallel (
<figureCitation box="[658,793,835,862]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="33.[140,212,694,716]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,674]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[140,1108,165,675]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 19. Colossobolus litoralis sp. n., male holotype, posterior gonopods. A anterior view B posterior view. Cx = coxite; ma = membranous area; S = sternite; T = telopodite; T-Lbr = telopodite lateral branch; T-mbr = telopodite main branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820812" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820812/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 19A, B</figureCitation>
) to one another. Telopodite comprising of three components: (1) median membranous area, (2) lateral branch, (3) mesal main branch with membranous folds. Sperm canal discharging into membranous folds proximally on main branch. Telopodite in some species basally with a finger-shaped process, termed here as a “coxite branch” (
<figureCitation box="[820,945,976,1002]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[140,212,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1395]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[140,1108,732,1395]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Colossobolus semicyclus sp. n., male holotype. A head B legs 1–7, ventral view C telson D anterior gonopod, anterior view E anterior gonopod, posterior view F left posterior gonopod, anterior view G left posterior gonopod, posterior view H posterior gonopod, anterior view I posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; Cx-br = coxite branch; Gn = gnathochilarium; ma = membranous area; Md = mandible; ms = marginal setae; Pre = preanal ring; sf = setiferous foveolae; St = sternite; sub = subanal scale; T = telopodite; T-Lbr = telopodite lateral branch; T-mbr = telopodite main branch; Tp = telopodite process. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767294/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 9F, G</figureCitation>
). It is unclear whether the coxite branch belongs to the telopodite or coxite.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="22.[140,1108,167,1249]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis box="[185,457,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Female sexual characters:</emphasis>
vulva simple, with a small, poorly sclerotized operculum at base, bivalve-like (
<figureCitation box="[376,478,1082,1108]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[140,212,1090,1112]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1070]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[140,1108,165,1073]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Colossobolus semicyclus sp. n., female paratype, SEM. A left mandible, mesal view B right vulva. 3iT = 3-combed internal teeth; av = anterior valve; eT = external tooth; mp = molar plate; pL = pectinate lamella; pv = posterior valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820798/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
). Anterior valve shorter than posterior one. Both valves smooth, lacking sensory cones. Each valve basally towards opening with two or three rows of setae (
<figureCitation box="[299,400,1152,1178]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[140,212,1090,1112]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1070]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[140,1108,165,1073]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Colossobolus semicyclus sp. n., female paratype, SEM. A left mandible, mesal view B right vulva. 3iT = 3-combed internal teeth; av = anterior valve; eT = external tooth; mp = molar plate; pL = pectinate lamella; pv = posterior valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820798/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="22.[140,1108,167,1249]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,315,1187,1213]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="1">Etymology</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald" authorityYear="2009" box="[332,464,1187,1213]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Colossobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[332,464,1187,1213]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Colossobolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, masculine, is composed of
<emphasis box="[795,874,1187,1213]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">colossus</emphasis>
, which refers to the extraordinary large size of species in this genus, and -
<emphasis box="[737,792,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">bolus</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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