treatments-xml/data/03/F8/8A/03F88A03B63E3C010DE3FE87FB1C5E55.xml

<document id="2051B7ADB888B3A713C208AB22E9F4FC" ID-CLB-Dataset="7713" ID-DOI="10.5252/g2011n4a7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="03becb1a-f3c9-410a-997c-37416648bc7d" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4597129" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615471060325" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Ataabadi, Majid Mirzaie, Mohammadalizadeh, Jafar, Zhang, Zhaoqun, Watabe, Mahito, Kaakinen, Anu &amp; Fortelius, Mikael" docDate="2011" docId="03F88A03B63E3C010DE3FE87FB1C5E55" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.33.4.709-728.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 33 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2011n4a7" docStyle="DocumentStyle:114CCA64FC7D8BA2E5ECF0ED28D0D884.3:Geodiversitas.2011-2012.journal_article.type2" docStyleId="114CCA64FC7D8BA2E5ECF0ED28D0D884" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2011-2012.journal_article.type2" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Deinotherium giganteum Kaup 1829" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="718" masterDocId="FFC1F27BB6373C080D25FFEAFF805A35" masterDocTitle="Late Miocene large mammals from Ivand (Northwestern Iran)" masterLastPageNumber="728" masterPageNumber="709" pageNumber="718" updateTime="1698933105959" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:title id="C46B5BE1A7EBD5144C1FB56634A5C60E">Late Miocene large mammals from Ivand (Northwestern Iran)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E03F1CE1B7682D38F641DC11DED987AA">Ataabadi, Majid Mirzaie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="66815660AB052029F1F0CE605B9D2B20">Mohammadalizadeh, Jafar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="65E752CA15F57273C5F97475758F8E96">Zhang, Zhaoqun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9A4C055795F0AFFEDD4E83BE5F5E1430">Watabe, Mahito</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EF3B9ACFC1C81F9C682A19CFB202FCC4">Kaakinen, Anu</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03F88A03B63E3C010DE3FE87FB1C5E55" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608721" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180584417" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4608721" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F88A03B63E3C010DE3FE87FB1C5E55" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F88A03B63E3C010DE3FE87FB1C5E55" lastPageNumber="718" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">
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<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63E3C010DE3FE87FE515B92" blockId="9.[198,607,365,424]" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63E3C010DE3FE87FDDF5BB2" authority="Kaup, 1829" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[198,607,365,392]" class="Mammalia" family="Deinotheriidae" genus="Deinotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteum">
<emphasis id="B925E707B63E3C010DE3FE87FE575BB2" bold="true" box="[198,471,365,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Deinotherium giganteum</emphasis>
Kaup, 1829
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136A2790B63E3C010C79FE67FE195B9D" box="[348,409,397,424]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[136,147,1304,1321]" captionTargetBox="[136,1232,239,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-130@12.[501,867,610,797]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 5. — Deinotherium giganteum Kaup, 1829 (A-R) and Rhinocerotinae indet. (S-U) postcranials, Ivand locality, NW Iran: A-C, ulna (HMNH-IV135) in proximal-anterior (A), proximal-posterior (B) and proximal-lateral (C) views;D-F, tibia (HMNH-IV119) in proximal-lateral (D, F) and proximal (E) views;G-I, calcaneus (HMNH-IV118) in proximal (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views; J-L, unciform (HMNH-IV117) in distal (J), lateral (K) and proximal (L) views; M-O, metapod (HMNH-IV114) in lateral (M, O) and proximal (N) views; P-R, radius (HMNH-IV115) in medial (P), dorsal (Q) and proximal (R) views; S-U, femur (HMNH-IV137) in distal (S), anterior (T) and posterior (U) views. Scale bars: A-C, 90 mm; D-F, 1 mm; G-I, S, 60 mm; J-L, 35 mm; M-O, 40 mm; P-R, 65 mm; T, U, 45 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597145/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A-R)
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63E3C010DADFE2CFF485BCD" blockId="9.[136,669,454,504]" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">
LOCALITY. — Quarry 3, Ivand district, north of Tabriz (
<collectingCountry id="F3467B85B63E3C010DAAFE0AFF3C5BCD" box="[143,188,480,504]" name="Iran" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Iran</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34B689EB63E3C010DADFDFAFEDE58D4" pageId="9" pageNumber="718" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63E3C010DADFDFAFEDE58D4" blockId="9.[135,669,528,737]" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Postcranials, including proximal part of ulna (
<collectionCode id="ED40A3D0B63E3C010C5FFDC0FE795877" box="[378,505,554,578]" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">HMNH-IV</collectionCode>
135; 
<figureCitation id="136A2790B63E3C010F08FDC0FDE95877" box="[557,617,554,578]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[136,147,1304,1321]" captionTargetBox="[136,1232,239,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-130@12.[501,867,610,797]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 5. — Deinotherium giganteum Kaup, 1829 (A-R) and Rhinocerotinae indet. (S-U) postcranials, Ivand locality, NW Iran: A-C, ulna (HMNH-IV135) in proximal-anterior (A), proximal-posterior (B) and proximal-lateral (C) views;D-F, tibia (HMNH-IV119) in proximal-lateral (D, F) and proximal (E) views;G-I, calcaneus (HMNH-IV118) in proximal (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views; J-L, unciform (HMNH-IV117) in distal (J), lateral (K) and proximal (L) views; M-O, metapod (HMNH-IV114) in lateral (M, O) and proximal (N) views; P-R, radius (HMNH-IV115) in medial (P), dorsal (Q) and proximal (R) views; S-U, femur (HMNH-IV137) in distal (S), anterior (T) and posterior (U) views. Scale bars: A-C, 90 mm; D-F, 1 mm; G-I, S, 60 mm; J-L, 35 mm; M-O, 40 mm; P-R, 65 mm; T, U, 45 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597145/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A-C, 
<tableCitation id="C6D30EAEB63E3C010DADFDAFFF585868" box="[136,216,581,605]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="7.[137,144,242,259]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. — Measurements (in mm) of Deinotherium giganteum Kaup,1829 and Rhinocerotinae indet.postcranials from the Ivand locality (NW Iran). Abbreviations: proc, process; art, articularis; prox, proximalis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2E6B9DB6303C0F0DACFF18FE985B72" pageId="9" pageNumber="718" tableUuid="DF2E6B9DB6303C0F0DACFF18FE985B72">Table 2</tableCitation>
); proximal part of radius (
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115; 
<figureCitation id="136A2790B63E3C010DADFDB5FF405842" box="[136,192,607,631]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[136,147,1304,1321]" captionTargetBox="[136,1232,239,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-130@12.[501,867,610,797]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 5. — Deinotherium giganteum Kaup, 1829 (A-R) and Rhinocerotinae indet. (S-U) postcranials, Ivand locality, NW Iran: A-C, ulna (HMNH-IV135) in proximal-anterior (A), proximal-posterior (B) and proximal-lateral (C) views;D-F, tibia (HMNH-IV119) in proximal-lateral (D, F) and proximal (E) views;G-I, calcaneus (HMNH-IV118) in proximal (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views; J-L, unciform (HMNH-IV117) in distal (J), lateral (K) and proximal (L) views; M-O, metapod (HMNH-IV114) in lateral (M, O) and proximal (N) views; P-R, radius (HMNH-IV115) in medial (P), dorsal (Q) and proximal (R) views; S-U, femur (HMNH-IV137) in distal (S), anterior (T) and posterior (U) views. Scale bars: A-C, 90 mm; D-F, 1 mm; G-I, S, 60 mm; J-L, 35 mm; M-O, 40 mm; P-R, 65 mm; T, U, 45 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597145/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
P-R, 
<tableCitation id="C6D30EAEB63E3C010DD3FDB5FEC35842" box="[246,323,607,631]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="7.[137,144,242,259]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. — Measurements (in mm) of Deinotherium giganteum Kaup,1829 and Rhinocerotinae indet.postcranials from the Ivand locality (NW Iran). Abbreviations: proc, process; art, articularis; prox, proximalis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2E6B9DB6303C0F0DACFF18FE985B72" pageId="9" pageNumber="718" tableUuid="DF2E6B9DB6303C0F0DACFF18FE985B72">Table 2</tableCitation>
); proximal part of tibia (HMNH- IV119; 
<figureCitation id="136A2790B63E3C010DF6FD90FE8858A7" box="[211,264,634,658]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[136,147,1304,1321]" captionTargetBox="[136,1232,239,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-130@12.[501,867,610,797]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 5. — Deinotherium giganteum Kaup, 1829 (A-R) and Rhinocerotinae indet. (S-U) postcranials, Ivand locality, NW Iran: A-C, ulna (HMNH-IV135) in proximal-anterior (A), proximal-posterior (B) and proximal-lateral (C) views;D-F, tibia (HMNH-IV119) in proximal-lateral (D, F) and proximal (E) views;G-I, calcaneus (HMNH-IV118) in proximal (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views; J-L, unciform (HMNH-IV117) in distal (J), lateral (K) and proximal (L) views; M-O, metapod (HMNH-IV114) in lateral (M, O) and proximal (N) views; P-R, radius (HMNH-IV115) in medial (P), dorsal (Q) and proximal (R) views; S-U, femur (HMNH-IV137) in distal (S), anterior (T) and posterior (U) views. Scale bars: A-C, 90 mm; D-F, 1 mm; G-I, S, 60 mm; J-L, 35 mm; M-O, 40 mm; P-R, 65 mm; T, U, 45 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597145/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D-F, 
<tableCitation id="C6D30EAEB63E3C010C1CFD90FE0158A7" box="[313,385,634,658]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="7.[137,144,242,259]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. — Measurements (in mm) of Deinotherium giganteum Kaup,1829 and Rhinocerotinae indet.postcranials from the Ivand locality (NW Iran). Abbreviations: proc, process; art, articularis; prox, proximalis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2E6B9DB6303C0F0DACFF18FE985B72" pageId="9" pageNumber="718" tableUuid="DF2E6B9DB6303C0F0DACFF18FE985B72">Table 2</tableCitation>
); calcaneus (
<collectionCode id="ED40A3D0B63E3C010CDEFD90FDF458A7" box="[507,628,634,658]" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">HMNH-IV</collectionCode>
118; 
<figureCitation id="136A2790B63E3C010DA2FD7EFF3D5899" box="[135,189,660,684]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[136,147,1304,1321]" captionTargetBox="[136,1232,239,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-130@12.[501,867,610,797]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 5. — Deinotherium giganteum Kaup, 1829 (A-R) and Rhinocerotinae indet. (S-U) postcranials, Ivand locality, NW Iran: A-C, ulna (HMNH-IV135) in proximal-anterior (A), proximal-posterior (B) and proximal-lateral (C) views;D-F, tibia (HMNH-IV119) in proximal-lateral (D, F) and proximal (E) views;G-I, calcaneus (HMNH-IV118) in proximal (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views; J-L, unciform (HMNH-IV117) in distal (J), lateral (K) and proximal (L) views; M-O, metapod (HMNH-IV114) in lateral (M, O) and proximal (N) views; P-R, radius (HMNH-IV115) in medial (P), dorsal (Q) and proximal (R) views; S-U, femur (HMNH-IV137) in distal (S), anterior (T) and posterior (U) views. Scale bars: A-C, 90 mm; D-F, 1 mm; G-I, S, 60 mm; J-L, 35 mm; M-O, 40 mm; P-R, 65 mm; T, U, 45 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597145/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
G-I, 
<tableCitation id="C6D30EAEB63E3C010DCEFD7EFEB35899" box="[235,307,660,684]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="7.[137,144,242,259]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. — Measurements (in mm) of Deinotherium giganteum Kaup,1829 and Rhinocerotinae indet.postcranials from the Ivand locality (NW Iran). Abbreviations: proc, process; art, articularis; prox, proximalis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2E6B9DB6303C0F0DACFF18FE985B72" pageId="9" pageNumber="718" tableUuid="DF2E6B9DB6303C0F0DACFF18FE985B72">Table 2</tableCitation>
); unciform (
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117; 
<figureCitation id="136A2790B63E3C010F71FD7EFD095899" box="[596,649,660,684]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[136,147,1304,1321]" captionTargetBox="[136,1232,239,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-130@12.[501,867,610,797]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 5. — Deinotherium giganteum Kaup, 1829 (A-R) and Rhinocerotinae indet. (S-U) postcranials, Ivand locality, NW Iran: A-C, ulna (HMNH-IV135) in proximal-anterior (A), proximal-posterior (B) and proximal-lateral (C) views;D-F, tibia (HMNH-IV119) in proximal-lateral (D, F) and proximal (E) views;G-I, calcaneus (HMNH-IV118) in proximal (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views; J-L, unciform (HMNH-IV117) in distal (J), lateral (K) and proximal (L) views; M-O, metapod (HMNH-IV114) in lateral (M, O) and proximal (N) views; P-R, radius (HMNH-IV115) in medial (P), dorsal (Q) and proximal (R) views; S-U, femur (HMNH-IV137) in distal (S), anterior (T) and posterior (U) views. Scale bars: A-C, 90 mm; D-F, 1 mm; G-I, S, 60 mm; J-L, 35 mm; M-O, 40 mm; P-R, 65 mm; T, U, 45 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597145/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
J- L, 
<tableCitation id="C6D30EAEB63E3C010D83FD45FF7758F2" box="[166,247,687,711]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="7.[137,144,242,259]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. — Measurements (in mm) of Deinotherium giganteum Kaup,1829 and Rhinocerotinae indet.postcranials from the Ivand locality (NW Iran). Abbreviations: proc, process; art, articularis; prox, proximalis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2E6B9DB6303C0F0DACFF18FE985B72" pageId="9" pageNumber="718" tableUuid="DF2E6B9DB6303C0F0DACFF18FE985B72">Table 2</tableCitation>
) and one metapodial (
<collectionCode id="ED40A3D0B63E3C010CCAFD45FDF058F2" box="[495,624,687,711]" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">HMNH-IV</collectionCode>
114; 
<figureCitation id="136A2790B63E3C010DADFD23FF4258D4" box="[136,194,713,737]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[136,147,1304,1321]" captionTargetBox="[136,1232,239,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-130@12.[501,867,610,797]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 5. — Deinotherium giganteum Kaup, 1829 (A-R) and Rhinocerotinae indet. (S-U) postcranials, Ivand locality, NW Iran: A-C, ulna (HMNH-IV135) in proximal-anterior (A), proximal-posterior (B) and proximal-lateral (C) views;D-F, tibia (HMNH-IV119) in proximal-lateral (D, F) and proximal (E) views;G-I, calcaneus (HMNH-IV118) in proximal (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views; J-L, unciform (HMNH-IV117) in distal (J), lateral (K) and proximal (L) views; M-O, metapod (HMNH-IV114) in lateral (M, O) and proximal (N) views; P-R, radius (HMNH-IV115) in medial (P), dorsal (Q) and proximal (R) views; S-U, femur (HMNH-IV137) in distal (S), anterior (T) and posterior (U) views. Scale bars: A-C, 90 mm; D-F, 1 mm; G-I, S, 60 mm; J-L, 35 mm; M-O, 40 mm; P-R, 65 mm; T, U, 45 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597145/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
M-O, 
<tableCitation id="C6D30EAEB63E3C010C21FD23FED158D4" box="[260,337,713,737]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="7.[137,144,242,259]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. — Measurements (in mm) of Deinotherium giganteum Kaup,1829 and Rhinocerotinae indet.postcranials from the Ivand locality (NW Iran). Abbreviations: proc, process; art, articularis; prox, proximalis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2E6B9DB6303C0F0DACFF18FE985B72" pageId="9" pageNumber="718" tableUuid="DF2E6B9DB6303C0F0DACFF18FE985B72">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34B689EB63E3C010DADFCE0FB1C5E55" pageId="9" pageNumber="718" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63E3C010DADFCE0FE995917" blockId="9.[134,671,778,1722]" box="[136,281,778,804]" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63E3C010DADFCC3FF735E4A" blockId="9.[134,671,778,1722]" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">
The proximal part of an ulna is preserved (
<figureCitation id="136A2790B63E3C010F54FCC3FF175956" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[136,147,1304,1321]" captionTargetBox="[136,1232,239,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-130@12.[501,867,610,797]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 5. — Deinotherium giganteum Kaup, 1829 (A-R) and Rhinocerotinae indet. (S-U) postcranials, Ivand locality, NW Iran: A-C, ulna (HMNH-IV135) in proximal-anterior (A), proximal-posterior (B) and proximal-lateral (C) views;D-F, tibia (HMNH-IV119) in proximal-lateral (D, F) and proximal (E) views;G-I, calcaneus (HMNH-IV118) in proximal (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views; J-L, unciform (HMNH-IV117) in distal (J), lateral (K) and proximal (L) views; M-O, metapod (HMNH-IV114) in lateral (M, O) and proximal (N) views; P-R, radius (HMNH-IV115) in medial (P), dorsal (Q) and proximal (R) views; S-U, femur (HMNH-IV137) in distal (S), anterior (T) and posterior (U) views. Scale bars: A-C, 90 mm; D-F, 1 mm; G-I, S, 60 mm; J-L, 35 mm; M-O, 40 mm; P-R, 65 mm; T, U, 45 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597145/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A-C). The tuber olecrani is partly damaged, but shows a slight extension in the medial part. The processus coronoideus medialis and lateralis are round and of approximately the same size. The processus anconaeus is slightly higher than the tuber olecrani. The cross section of the shaft is triangular. The proximal part of a single radius is present (
<figureCitation id="136A2790B63E3C010DC3FBCCFEA55E74" box="[230,293,1062,1089]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[136,147,1304,1321]" captionTargetBox="[136,1232,239,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-130@12.[501,867,610,797]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 5. — Deinotherium giganteum Kaup, 1829 (A-R) and Rhinocerotinae indet. (S-U) postcranials, Ivand locality, NW Iran: A-C, ulna (HMNH-IV135) in proximal-anterior (A), proximal-posterior (B) and proximal-lateral (C) views;D-F, tibia (HMNH-IV119) in proximal-lateral (D, F) and proximal (E) views;G-I, calcaneus (HMNH-IV118) in proximal (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views; J-L, unciform (HMNH-IV117) in distal (J), lateral (K) and proximal (L) views; M-O, metapod (HMNH-IV114) in lateral (M, O) and proximal (N) views; P-R, radius (HMNH-IV115) in medial (P), dorsal (Q) and proximal (R) views; S-U, femur (HMNH-IV137) in distal (S), anterior (T) and posterior (U) views. Scale bars: A-C, 90 mm; D-F, 1 mm; G-I, S, 60 mm; J-L, 35 mm; M-O, 40 mm; P-R, 65 mm; T, U, 45 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597145/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
P-R). The shape of the caput radii is sub-triangular. The articular circumference is damaged.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63E3C010DBAFB6FFE0A5EEB" blockId="9.[134,671,778,1722]" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">
The tibia includes only one proximal part (
<figureCitation id="136A2790B63E3C010F63FB6FFDFF5E95" box="[582,639,1157,1184]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[136,147,1304,1321]" captionTargetBox="[136,1232,239,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-130@12.[501,867,610,797]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 5. — Deinotherium giganteum Kaup, 1829 (A-R) and Rhinocerotinae indet. (S-U) postcranials, Ivand locality, NW Iran: A-C, ulna (HMNH-IV135) in proximal-anterior (A), proximal-posterior (B) and proximal-lateral (C) views;D-F, tibia (HMNH-IV119) in proximal-lateral (D, F) and proximal (E) views;G-I, calcaneus (HMNH-IV118) in proximal (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views; J-L, unciform (HMNH-IV117) in distal (J), lateral (K) and proximal (L) views; M-O, metapod (HMNH-IV114) in lateral (M, O) and proximal (N) views; P-R, radius (HMNH-IV115) in medial (P), dorsal (Q) and proximal (R) views; S-U, femur (HMNH-IV137) in distal (S), anterior (T) and posterior (U) views. Scale bars: A-C, 90 mm; D-F, 1 mm; G-I, S, 60 mm; J-L, 35 mm; M-O, 40 mm; P-R, 65 mm; T, U, 45 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597145/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Fig.5</figureCitation>
D- F). In the proximal view, only the condylus lateralis and medialis are visible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63E3C010DBAFB0EFE425C2E" blockId="9.[134,671,778,1722]" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">
Calcaneus is an almost complete specimen with minor damage (
<figureCitation id="136A2790B63E3C010C1DFAEEFEF85F2A" box="[312,376,1284,1311]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[136,147,1304,1321]" captionTargetBox="[136,1232,239,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-130@12.[501,867,610,797]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 5. — Deinotherium giganteum Kaup, 1829 (A-R) and Rhinocerotinae indet. (S-U) postcranials, Ivand locality, NW Iran: A-C, ulna (HMNH-IV135) in proximal-anterior (A), proximal-posterior (B) and proximal-lateral (C) views;D-F, tibia (HMNH-IV119) in proximal-lateral (D, F) and proximal (E) views;G-I, calcaneus (HMNH-IV118) in proximal (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views; J-L, unciform (HMNH-IV117) in distal (J), lateral (K) and proximal (L) views; M-O, metapod (HMNH-IV114) in lateral (M, O) and proximal (N) views; P-R, radius (HMNH-IV115) in medial (P), dorsal (Q) and proximal (R) views; S-U, femur (HMNH-IV137) in distal (S), anterior (T) and posterior (U) views. Scale bars: A-C, 90 mm; D-F, 1 mm; G-I, S, 60 mm; J-L, 35 mm; M-O, 40 mm; P-R, 65 mm; T, U, 45 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597145/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
G-I). The tuber calcanei is higher than it is wide. Proximally, there are three facets, two of which are partly preserved. The lateral facet is not preserved. The two astragalus facets are separated by sulcus calcanei. The larger astragalus facet is rounded and the smaller one is on the sustentaculum tali and is partly broken. On the dorsal of the sustentaculum tali, parts of a navicular facet are preserved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63E3C010DBAF9CBFE7A5C8F" blockId="9.[134,671,778,1722]" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">
The unciform is nearly complete and has a triangular outline (
<figureCitation id="136A2790B63E3C010C1BF9ABFEFD5C6E" box="[318,381,1600,1627]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[136,147,1304,1321]" captionTargetBox="[136,1232,239,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-130@12.[501,867,610,797]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 5. — Deinotherium giganteum Kaup, 1829 (A-R) and Rhinocerotinae indet. (S-U) postcranials, Ivand locality, NW Iran: A-C, ulna (HMNH-IV135) in proximal-anterior (A), proximal-posterior (B) and proximal-lateral (C) views;D-F, tibia (HMNH-IV119) in proximal-lateral (D, F) and proximal (E) views;G-I, calcaneus (HMNH-IV118) in proximal (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views; J-L, unciform (HMNH-IV117) in distal (J), lateral (K) and proximal (L) views; M-O, metapod (HMNH-IV114) in lateral (M, O) and proximal (N) views; P-R, radius (HMNH-IV115) in medial (P), dorsal (Q) and proximal (R) views; S-U, femur (HMNH-IV137) in distal (S), anterior (T) and posterior (U) views. Scale bars: A-C, 90 mm; D-F, 1 mm; G-I, S, 60 mm; J-L, 35 mm; M-O, 40 mm; P-R, 65 mm; T, U, 45 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597145/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
J-L). The proximal facet is triangular and concave. The distal side has one triangular concave facet and another elongated facet. The third facet is destroyed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63E3C010F9EFF1AFCCB5B32" blockId="9.[697,1234,240,1025]" box="[699,843,240,266]" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">COMPARISON</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63E3C010F9EFEE4FBF85E34" blockId="9.[697,1234,240,1025]" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">
The morphologies of postcranial skeletons in deinotheriids bear notable similarities (Huttunen 2002). From the postcranial elements described here, the proximal condyle of the ulna from Ivand is very well preserved and allows us to compare it to other deinotheriid specimens from other localities. 
<figureCitation id="136A2790B63E3C0109A9FE46FD595BD3" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[136,147,1460,1477]" captionTargetBox="[284,1084,509,1415]" captionTargetId="graphics-170@14.[284,1084,576,1415]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — A, distal width (DW) plotted against maximum length (ML) of femur in Rhinocerotinae indet. from the Ivand locality and some other Rhinocerotidae Owen, 1845 from Eurasia (Akkaşdaşi data from Antoine &amp; Saraç [2005]; Linxia data from Deng [2002]); B, ulna proximal width (PW) plotted against its width at process olecrani (POW) in Deinotherium giganteum Kaup, 1829 from Ivand locality and several other specimens from Europe (Unterzolling data from Huttunen &amp; Göhlich 2002)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597147/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Figure 6B</figureCitation>
shows the bivariate plots of the proximal width of the ulna against the width at process olecrani in IV135 and specimens from Maragheh (MN12, NW 
<collectingCountry id="F3467B85B63E3C010FD6FDC6FCA35873" box="[755,803,556,582]" name="Iran" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Iran</collectingCountry>
), Saloniki and Pikermi (MN12, 
<collectingCountry id="F3467B85B63E3C01095CFDC1FB475870" box="[1145,1223,555,581]" name="Greece" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Greece</collectingCountry>
), and Unterzolling (
<collectingCountry id="F3467B85B63E3C010EA6FDA1FC6F5850" box="[899,1007,587,613]" name="Germany" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Germany</collectingCountry>
). The plot illustrates that the Ivand material, though slightly smaller in proportion, is close to both 
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63E3C010EF0FD60FB505891" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[981,1232,650,676]" class="Mammalia" family="Deinotheriidae" genus="Deinotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteum">
<emphasis id="B925E707B63E3C010EF0FD60FB505891" box="[981,1232,650,676]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Deinotherium giganteum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Pikermi and an undetermined specimen from Maragheh. The ulna of the Ivand specimen is obviously larger than the ulna of 
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63E3C010EFCFD03FC555911" authority="(Gaudry &amp; Lartet, 1856)" baseAuthorityName="Gaudry &amp; Lartet" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Mammalia" family="Gomphotheriidae" genus="Choerolophodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pentelici">
<emphasis id="B925E707B63E3C010EFCFD03FB505936" box="[985,1232,745,771]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Choerolophodon pentelici</emphasis>
(Gaudry &amp; Lartet, 1856)
</taxonomicName>
from Saloniki, 
<collectingCountry id="F3467B85B63E3C0109A0FCE3FB4F5916" box="[1157,1231,777,803]" name="Greece" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Greece</collectingCountry>
and of 
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63E3C010E2FFCC3FB525976" authority="(Meyer, 1831)" baseAuthorityName="Meyer" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[778,1234,809,835]" class="Mammalia" family="Deinotheriidae" genus="Prodeinotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bavaricum">
<emphasis id="B925E707B63E3C010E2FFCC3FBAF5976" box="[778,1071,809,835]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Prodeinotherium bavaricum</emphasis>
(Meyer, 1831)
</taxonomicName>
from Unterzolling (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC046E4B63E3C010EB4FCA3FB455956" author="HUTTUNEN K. &amp; GOHLICH U. B." box="[913,1221,840,867]" pageId="9" pageNumber="718" pagination="489 - 514" refId="ref11353" refString="HUTTUNEN K. &amp; GOHLICH U. B. 2002. - A partial skeleton of Prodeinotherium bavaricum (Proboscidea, Mammalia) from the middle Miocene of Unterzolling (Upper Freshwater Molasse, Germany). Geobios 35 (4): 489 - 514." type="journal article" year="2002">Huttunen &amp; Göhlich 2002</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore, based on this comparison, and since 
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63E3C010F9EFC62FC415997" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[699,961,904,930]" class="Mammalia" family="Deinotheriidae" genus="Deinotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteum">
<emphasis id="B925E707B63E3C010F9EFC62FC415997" box="[699,961,904,930]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Deinotherium giganteum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the largest of the Late Miocene mammals inNW 
<collectingCountry id="F3467B85B63E3C010EF6FC42FB8059F7" box="[979,1024,936,962]" name="Iran" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Iran</collectingCountry>
, previously recorded from Maragheh, we assign the very large postcrani - als from the Ivand locality to this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63E3C010FCAFBACFB1C5E55" blockId="9.[751,1180,1094,1184]" box="[751,1180,1094,1120]" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">
Order 
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63E3C010E1CFBACFB1C5E55" authority="Owen, 1848" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1848" box="[825,1180,1094,1120]" class="Mammalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">ARTIODACTYLA Owen, 1848</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>