270 lines
33 KiB
XML
270 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="7522F11903A4D052D8BE9E59751550E4" ID-CLB-Dataset="7713" ID-DOI="10.5252/g2011n4a7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="03becb1a-f3c9-410a-997c-37416648bc7d" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4597129" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615471060325" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Ataabadi, Majid Mirzaie, Mohammadalizadeh, Jafar, Zhang, Zhaoqun, Watabe, Mahito, Kaakinen, Anu & Fortelius, Mikael" docDate="2011" docId="03F88A03B6303C010E75FAAFFDDE5B3C" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.33.4.709-728.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 33 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2011n4a7" docStyle="DocumentStyle:114CCA64FC7D8BA2E5ECF0ED28D0D884.3:Geodiversitas.2011-2012.journal_article.type2" docStyleId="114CCA64FC7D8BA2E5ECF0ED28D0D884" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2011-2012.journal_article.type2" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Rhinocerotinae Owen 1845" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="718" masterDocId="FFC1F27BB6373C080D25FFEAFF805A35" masterDocTitle="Late Miocene large mammals from Ivand (Northwestern Iran)" masterLastPageNumber="728" masterPageNumber="709" pageNumber="716" updateTime="1698933105959" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="CE544F394A43E1D9BB856064C7A0E9B0">
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<mods:title id="D95DA07AEF3A9C9086C08429560A60FA">Late Miocene large mammals from Ivand (Northwestern Iran)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="6244D11BC6B0DCD427659BCB777D31D6" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="10B84EDEFD67DC770F520584D6A6ED79">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DFF60BA05607ACF3578CBDF5C4CE68F0">Ataabadi, Majid Mirzaie</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="9A10AA24524548B31BD311FF97E20C0D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C3B0C65A0A69912D8B9CAE01146308CE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E8C61795AE2B86C3C068BEC2E80B9996">Mohammadalizadeh, Jafar</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="A71A67A8D9F5E98BB624246586869CC0" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="FEC83464FD76A34635A62EBF39AC5B52">
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<mods:roleTerm id="40C0E9809A9FDFF6952331BCA69F2B30">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="AC40E27755DD7F6D687F547B297E903D">Zhang, Zhaoqun</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="9386FDD60816E6EBFA1686D756D891B7" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="4113A28F35AE5C26CFF5C407A1CF7029">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F5FEE5FB9F382B4854A13B314B2B44C6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2126D7A6D9A7B9B4B5D771174AD3B705">Watabe, Mahito</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="5E51D617FD224FA52EF7F03DDA6BE1B6" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C7959F081F82DBC57EFA8BFCE8640A08">Kaakinen, Anu</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="410CD54926ED3648D9A35C63E0EC5D91">Fortelius, Mikael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8DFD26AE7BA799B184FCC193BD495498">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B57B0D1FDE06DC7586656CB52246A54D">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="CEB94A9274E44ADE1BB94C4AEF48BC0A">
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<mods:date id="82389D189A5C36B9AA6E29E131F325C8">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="854799898BA92D21795706F35B25BC7D">2011-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B28007A9009F36006DFB631CE8AFAEA6">33</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C859A1154E864CD3FFBCFA1311CE2F28">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="DE14B971F15A0E40034251174B6771F0">709</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="D2D0637A4E6A4E9C08D4B385A804C134">http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2011n4a7</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="05C1C51D4A3D339A5258C203DA473345">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="EE9E33AD76E8503330026087A50AEABF" type="CLB-Dataset">7713</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="32B250115374DB4AE6D04EF692CB890F" type="DOI">10.5252/g2011n4a7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DA5F89EE220753654F23B6500A7A9BC1" type="GBIF-Dataset">03becb1a-f3c9-410a-997c-37416648bc7d</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="284FC86A626F5771318C93DD67C2AA64" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0F0E6FE38DA380C96070CA99B78887F9" type="Zenodo-Dep">4597129</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F88A03B6303C010E75FAAFFDDE5B3C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608717" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180584427" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4608717" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F88A03B6303C010E75FAAFFDDE5B3C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F88A03B6303C010E75FAAFFDDE5B3C" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="718" pageId="7" pageNumber="716">
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<subSubSection id="C34B689EB6303C0F0E75FAAFFD6B5FFB" pageId="7" pageNumber="716" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B6303C0F0E75FAAFFB845F4B" blockId="7.[848,1084,1347,1406]" pageId="7" pageNumber="716">
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<heading id="D0A68C79B6303C0F0E75FAAFFB845F4B" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="716" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514096B6303C0F0E75FAAFFC765F6A" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1845" box="[848,1014,1349,1375]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinocerotidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="716" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Rhinocerotinae">Rhinocerotinae</taxonomicName>
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indet. (
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<figureCitation id="136A2790B6303C0F0EAAFA89FC4D5F4B" box="[911,973,1379,1406]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[136,147,1304,1321]" captionTargetBox="[136,1232,239,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-130@12.[501,867,610,797]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 5. — Deinotherium giganteum Kaup, 1829 (A-R) and Rhinocerotinae indet. (S-U) postcranials, Ivand locality, NW Iran: A-C, ulna (HMNH-IV135) in proximal-anterior (A), proximal-posterior (B) and proximal-lateral (C) views;D-F, tibia (HMNH-IV119) in proximal-lateral (D, F) and proximal (E) views;G-I, calcaneus (HMNH-IV118) in proximal (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views; J-L, unciform (HMNH-IV117) in distal (J), lateral (K) and proximal (L) views; M-O, metapod (HMNH-IV114) in lateral (M, O) and proximal (N) views; P-R, radius (HMNH-IV115) in medial (P), dorsal (Q) and proximal (R) views; S-U, femur (HMNH-IV137) in distal (S), anterior (T) and posterior (U) views. Scale bars: A-C, 90 mm; D-F, 1 mm; G-I, S, 60 mm; J-L, 35 mm; M-O, 40 mm; P-R, 65 mm; T, U, 45 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597145/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="716">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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S-U)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B6303C0F0F9EFA76FD6B5FFB" blockId="7.[699,1233,1436,1486]" pageId="7" pageNumber="716">
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LOCALITY. — Quarry 3, Ivand district, north of Tabriz,
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<collectingCountry id="F3467B85B6303C0F0F9EFA5DFD665FFB" box="[699,742,1463,1486]" name="Iran" pageId="7" pageNumber="716">Iran</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B689EB6303C0F0F9EFA0DFCB15C2C" pageId="7" pageNumber="716" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B6303C0F0F9EFA0DFCB15C2C" blockId="7.[699,1232,1510,1561]" pageId="7" pageNumber="716">
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MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Femur (
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<collectionCode id="ED40A3D0B6303C0F0ECFFA0CFBDE5FCB" box="[1002,1118,1510,1534]" pageId="7" pageNumber="716">HMNH-IV</collectionCode>
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137;
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<figureCitation id="136A2790B6303C0F09ACFA0CFB3B5FCB" box="[1161,1211,1510,1534]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[136,147,1304,1321]" captionTargetBox="[136,1232,239,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-130@12.[501,867,610,797]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 5. — Deinotherium giganteum Kaup, 1829 (A-R) and Rhinocerotinae indet. (S-U) postcranials, Ivand locality, NW Iran: A-C, ulna (HMNH-IV135) in proximal-anterior (A), proximal-posterior (B) and proximal-lateral (C) views;D-F, tibia (HMNH-IV119) in proximal-lateral (D, F) and proximal (E) views;G-I, calcaneus (HMNH-IV118) in proximal (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views; J-L, unciform (HMNH-IV117) in distal (J), lateral (K) and proximal (L) views; M-O, metapod (HMNH-IV114) in lateral (M, O) and proximal (N) views; P-R, radius (HMNH-IV115) in medial (P), dorsal (Q) and proximal (R) views; S-U, femur (HMNH-IV137) in distal (S), anterior (T) and posterior (U) views. Scale bars: A-C, 90 mm; D-F, 1 mm; G-I, S, 60 mm; J-L, 35 mm; M-O, 40 mm; P-R, 65 mm; T, U, 45 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597145/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="716">Fig.5</figureCitation>
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S- U;
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<tableCitation id="C6D30EAEB6303C0F0FFFF9EAFCA45C2C" box="[730,804,1536,1561]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="7.[137,144,242,259]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. — Measurements (in mm) of Deinotherium giganteum Kaup,1829 and Rhinocerotinae indet.postcranials from the Ivand locality (NW Iran). Abbreviations: proc, process; art, articularis; prox, proximalis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2E6B9DB6303C0F0DACFF18FE985B72" pageId="7" pageNumber="716" tableUuid="DF2E6B9DB6303C0F0DACFF18FE985B72">Table 2</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B689EB6303C000F9EF9ABFC515B4E" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="717" pageId="7" pageNumber="716" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B6303C0F0F9EF9ABFCCC5C6C" blockId="7.[699,1232,1601,1723]" box="[699,844,1601,1627]" pageId="7" pageNumber="716">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B6303C0F0F9EF98BFB4F5C8F" blockId="7.[699,1232,1601,1723]" pageId="7" pageNumber="716">
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An almost complete left femur is preserved (
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<figureCitation id="136A2790B6303C0F095BF98AFB385C4E" box="[1150,1208,1632,1659]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[136,147,1304,1321]" captionTargetBox="[136,1232,239,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-130@12.[501,867,610,797]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 5. — Deinotherium giganteum Kaup, 1829 (A-R) and Rhinocerotinae indet. (S-U) postcranials, Ivand locality, NW Iran: A-C, ulna (HMNH-IV135) in proximal-anterior (A), proximal-posterior (B) and proximal-lateral (C) views;D-F, tibia (HMNH-IV119) in proximal-lateral (D, F) and proximal (E) views;G-I, calcaneus (HMNH-IV118) in proximal (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views; J-L, unciform (HMNH-IV117) in distal (J), lateral (K) and proximal (L) views; M-O, metapod (HMNH-IV114) in lateral (M, O) and proximal (N) views; P-R, radius (HMNH-IV115) in medial (P), dorsal (Q) and proximal (R) views; S-U, femur (HMNH-IV137) in distal (S), anterior (T) and posterior (U) views. Scale bars: A-C, 90 mm; D-F, 1 mm; G-I, S, 60 mm; J-L, 35 mm; M-O, 40 mm; P-R, 65 mm; T, U, 45 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597145/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="716">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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S- U). In the proximal part, the femoral head (caput femoris) and trochanter major are missing. The
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63F3C000D81FF18FF355B3E" blockId="8.[164,181,242,267]" box="[164,181,242,267]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">A</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63F3C000FC6FE8DFC515B4E" blockId="8.[739,1197,359,648]" box="[739,977,359,379]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63F3C000FC6FE8DFCBF5B4F" authorityName="de Christol" authorityYear="1832" box="[739,831,359,378]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B925E707B63F3C000FC6FE8DFCBF5B4F" box="[739,831,359,378]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">Hipparion</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. large Ivand
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B689EB63F3C000FC6FE63FC6859D6" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63F3C000FC6FE63FBB65BEA" blockId="8.[739,1197,359,648]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63F3C000FC6FE63FBDC5BA9" authority="Gromova, 1952 Grebeniki" authorityName="Gromova" authorityYear="1952" box="[739,1116,392,412]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteum">
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<emphasis id="B925E707B63F3C000FC6FE63FCE25BA9" box="[739,866,393,412]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">H. giganteum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC046E4B63F3C000E4DFE62FC7B5BA9" author="GROMOVA V." box="[872,1019,392,412]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 478" refId="ref11085" refString="GROMOVA V. 1952. - [Gippariony (rod Hipparion) po materialam Taraklii, Pavlodara i drugim]. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta 36: 1 - 478 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1952">Gromova, 1952</bibRefCitation>
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Grebeniki
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63F3C000FC6FE40FBD35B8B" authority="Meyer, 1833 Inzersdorf" authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1833" box="[739,1107,426,446]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="primigenium">
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<emphasis id="B925E707B63F3C000FC6FE40FCF45B88" box="[739,884,426,445]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">H. primigenium</emphasis>
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Meyer, 1833 Inzersdorf
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63F3C000FC6FE26FBB65BEA" authority="Gervais, 1849 Saloniki" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1849" box="[739,1078,459,479]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prostylum">
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<emphasis id="B925E707B63F3C000FC6FE26FCDC5BEA" box="[739,860,460,479]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">H. prostylum</emphasis>
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Gervais, 1849 Saloniki
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63F3C000FC6FE07FC1F5834" blockId="8.[739,1197,359,648]" box="[739,927,493,513]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">
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<emphasis id="B925E707B63F3C000FC6FE07FD795835" box="[739,761,493,512]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">H.</emphasis>
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sp. Large Samos
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63F3C000FC3FDE5FBD158BD" blockId="8.[739,1197,359,648]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63F3C000FC3FDE5FBB45816" authority="Hensel, 1862 Pikermi" authorityName="Hensel" authorityYear="1862" box="[742,1076,527,547]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachypus">
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<emphasis id="B925E707B63F3C000FC3FDE5FCE55817" box="[742,869,527,546]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">H. brachypus</emphasis>
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Hensel, 1862 Pikermi
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63F3C000FC3FDDBFB2D5871" authority="Roth & Wagner, 1855 Pikermi" authorityName="Roth & Wagner" authorityYear="1855" box="[742,1197,560,580]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediterraneum">
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<emphasis id="B925E707B63F3C000FC3FDDBFC125871" box="[742,914,561,580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">H. mediterraneum</emphasis>
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Roth & Wagner, 1855 Pikermi
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63F3C000FC3FDB8FBE15853" authority="Gromova, 1952 Tarakilia" authorityName="Gromova" authorityYear="1952" box="[742,1121,594,614]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moldavicum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B925E707B63F3C000FC3FDB8FCF55850" box="[742,885,594,613]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">H. moldavicum</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC046E4B63F3C000E5EFDB8FB8D5853" author="GROMOVA V." box="[891,1037,594,614]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 478" refId="ref11085" refString="GROMOVA V. 1952. - [Gippariony (rod Hipparion) po materialam Taraklii, Pavlodara i drugim]. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta 36: 1 - 478 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1952">Gromova, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
|
Tarakilia
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63F3C000FC3FD9EFBD158BD" authority="Studer, 1911 Samos" authorityName="Studer" authorityYear="1911" box="[742,1105,628,648]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="proboscideum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B925E707B63F3C000FC3FD9EFC0B58B2" box="[742,907,628,647]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">H. proboscideum</emphasis>
|
|
Studer, 1911 Samos
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63F3C000FCDFCB3FC565958" blockId="8.[742,1038,857,995]" box="[744,982,857,877]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63F3C000FCDFCB3FCC45959" authorityName="de Christol" authorityYear="1832" box="[744,836,857,876]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B925E707B63F3C000FCDFCB3FCC45959" box="[744,836,857,876]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">Hipparion</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. large Ivand
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63F3C000FC2FC9DFB8E59BE" blockId="8.[742,1038,857,995]" box="[743,1038,887,907]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63F3C000FC2FC9DFB8E59BE" authority="Gromova, 1952" authorityName="Gromova" authorityYear="1952" box="[743,1038,887,907]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moldavicum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B925E707B63F3C000FC2FC9DFCF659BF" box="[743,886,887,906]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">H. moldavicum</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC046E4B63F3C000E59FC9DFB8E59BE" author="GROMOVA V." box="[892,1038,887,907]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 478" refId="ref11085" refString="GROMOVA V. 1952. - [Gippariony (rod Hipparion) po materialam Taraklii, Pavlodara i drugim]. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta 36: 1 - 478 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1952">Gromova, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63F3C000FC3FC7EFC35599D" blockId="8.[742,1038,857,995]" box="[742,949,916,936]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63F3C000FC3FC7EFC35599D" authority="Bernor, 1985" authorityName="Bernor" authorityYear="1985" box="[742,949,916,936]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gettyi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B925E707B63F3C000FC3FC7EFCB65992" box="[742,822,916,935]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">H. gettyi</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC046E4B63F3C000E19FC7EFC35599D" author="BERNOR R. L." box="[828,949,916,936]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" pagination="173 - 269" refId="ref10190" refString="BERNOR R. L. 1985. - Systematic and evolutionary relationships of the hipparionine horses from Maragheh, Iran (Late Miocene, Turolian age). Palaeovertebrata 15 (4): 173 - 269." type="journal article" year="1985">Bernor, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63F3C000FC3FC58FC5C59F3" blockId="8.[742,1038,857,995]" box="[742,988,946,966]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63F3C000FC3FC58FC5C59F3" authority="Bernor, 1985" authorityName="Bernor" authorityYear="1985" box="[742,988,946,966]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="campbelli">
|
|
<emphasis id="B925E707B63F3C000FC3FC58FCDD59F0" box="[742,861,946,965]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">H. campbelli</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC046E4B63F3C000E46FC58FC5C59F3" author="BERNOR R. L." box="[867,988,946,966]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" pagination="173 - 269" refId="ref10190" refString="BERNOR R. L. 1985. - Systematic and evolutionary relationships of the hipparionine horses from Maragheh, Iran (Late Miocene, Turolian age). Palaeovertebrata 15 (4): 173 - 269." type="journal article" year="1985">Bernor, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63F3C000FC3FC3AFC6859D6" blockId="8.[742,1038,857,995]" box="[742,1000,975,995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63F3C000FC3FC3AFC6859D6" authority="Gervais, 1849" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1849" box="[742,1000,975,995]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prostylum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B925E707B63F3C000FC3FC3AFCDF59D6" box="[742,863,976,995]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">H. prostylum</emphasis>
|
|
Gervais, 1849
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<caption id="DF2E6B9DB63F3C000DADFBACFE075EB1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597139" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4597139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597139/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" startId="8.[136,147,1094,1111]" targetBox="[164,673,293,1034]" targetPageId="8">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63F3C000DADFBACFE075EB1" blockId="8.[136,1232,1094,1156]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">
|
|
FIG. 3. — Preorbital bar (
|
|
<emphasis id="B925E707B63F3C000C7FFBACFE025E62" bold="true" box="[346,386,1094,1111]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">POB</emphasis>
|
|
) width plotted against the P2-ORBIT distance, comparing
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63F3C000E53FBACFC475E62" authorityName="de Christol" authorityYear="1832" box="[886,967,1094,1111]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B925E707B63F3C000E53FBACFC475E62" box="[886,967,1094,1111]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">Hipparion</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. large (HMNH-IV1) from the Ivand locality with:
|
|
<emphasis id="B925E707B63F3C000C0FFBB7FEB75E5B" bold="true" box="[298,311,1117,1134]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">A</emphasis>
|
|
, several other species from the eastern Mediterranean and northern Black Sea regions; and
|
|
<emphasis id="B925E707B63F3C00091BFBB7FBCB5E5B" bold="true" box="[1086,1099,1117,1134]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">B</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63F3C000971FBB7FB255E5B" authorityName="de Christol" authorityYear="1832" box="[1108,1189,1117,1134]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B925E707B63F3C000971FBB7FB255E5B" box="[1108,1189,1117,1134]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">Hipparion</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species from Maragheh (NW Iran).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C34B689EB63F3C010DADFB2EFDDE5B3C" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="718" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63F3C000DADFB2EFDDD5FE9" blockId="8.[134,671,1220,1500]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">third trochanter is broken, but the basal part is preserved. The diaphysis becomes stockier distally from the third trochanter. The distal end is well preserved, and only the posterior and anterior sides are abraded. The medial and lateral trochleas are at the same level. The trochlear trough is damaged. The two condyles somehow diverge downward and the medial condyle is higher in elevation. The intercondyloid fossa is filled with sediment.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63F3C000DADF9E9FE985C2F" blockId="8.[135,671,1539,1722]" box="[136,280,1539,1565]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">COMPARISON</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63F3C000DADF9CBFC7E5C8F" blockId="8.[135,671,1539,1722]" lastBlockId="8.[697,1234,1220,1722]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">
|
|
<figureCitation id="136A2790B63F3C000DADF9CBFF775C0E" box="[136,247,1569,1595]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[136,147,1460,1477]" captionTargetBox="[284,1084,509,1415]" captionTargetId="graphics-170@14.[284,1084,576,1415]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — A, distal width (DW) plotted against maximum length (ML) of femur in Rhinocerotinae indet. from the Ivand locality and some other Rhinocerotidae Owen, 1845 from Eurasia (Akkaşdaşi data from Antoine & Saraç [2005]; Linxia data from Deng [2002]); B, ulna proximal width (PW) plotted against its width at process olecrani (POW) in Deinotherium giganteum Kaup, 1829 from Ivand locality and several other specimens from Europe (Unterzolling data from Huttunen & Göhlich 2002)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597147/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">Figure 6A</figureCitation>
|
|
shows the scatter plot of the femoral length against the distal width of well-preserved rhinocerotid femurs from several localities in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3467B85B63F3C000DADF96AFF565CAF" box="[136,214,1664,1690]" name="Greece" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3467B85B63F3C000DFAF96AFEAC5CAF" box="[223,300,1664,1690]" name="Turkey" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3467B85B63F3C000C13F96BFEE65CAE" box="[310,358,1665,1691]" name="Iran" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
|
, and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3467B85B63F3C000CBAF96AFE665CAF" box="[415,486,1664,1690]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">China</collectingCountry>
|
|
. The femur from Ivand locality, as illustrated, is clearly distinct from those of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63F3C000E39FB2EFB505EEA" authority="Ringstrom, 1924" authorityName="Ringstrom" authorityYear="1924" box="[796,1232,1220,1247]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinocerotidae" genus="Chilotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wimani">
|
|
<emphasis id="B925E707B63F3C000E39FB2EFB865EEB" box="[796,1030,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">Chilotherium wimani</emphasis>
|
|
Ringström, 1924
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63F3C000FCAFB0FFC775ECB" authority="Pohlig, 1887" authorityName="Pohlig" authorityYear="1887" box="[751,1015,1252,1279]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinocerotidae" genus="Chilotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="persiae">
|
|
<emphasis id="B925E707B63F3C000FCAFB0FFCDB5ECB" box="[751,859,1253,1279]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">C. persiae</emphasis>
|
|
Pohlig, 1887
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
which are smaller, slenderer, and less massive (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC046E4B63F3C000EC8FAEEFBF05F2B" author="DENG T." box="[1005,1136,1284,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" pagination="305 - 316" refId="ref10721" refString="DENG T. 2002. - Limb bones of Chilotherium wimani (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae) from the Late Miocene of the Linxia Basin in Gansu, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 40 (4): 305 - 316." type="journal article" year="2002">Deng 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The femur IV137 clusters among the material assigned to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63F3C000FFEFAA9FB1E5F68" authority="(Osborn, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Osborn" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[731,1182,1347,1373]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinocerotidae" genus="Ceratotherium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neumayri">
|
|
<emphasis id="B925E707B63F3C000FFEFAA9FC635F68" box="[731,995,1347,1373]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">Ceratotherium neumayri</emphasis>
|
|
(Osborn, 1900)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63F3C000F98FA89FB115F4B" authority="(Toula, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Toula" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[701,1169,1379,1406]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinocerotidae" genus="Stephanorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pikermiensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B925E707B63F3C000F98FA89FC6E5F48" box="[701,1006,1379,1405]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">Stephanorhinus pikermiensis</emphasis>
|
|
(Toula, 1906)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from eastern Mediterranean localities such as Pikermi, Maragheh, and Akkaşdaği (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC046E4B63F3C000ECCFA48FB4C5F89" author="FORTELIUS M. & HEISSIG K. & SARAC G. & SEN S." box="[1001,1228,1442,1469]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" pagination="282 - 307" refId="ref10886" refString="FORTELIUS M., HEISSIG K., SARAC G. & SEN S. 2003. - Rhinocerotidae (Perissodactyla), in FORTELIUS M., KAPPELMAN J., SEN S. & BERNOR R. L. (eds), Geology and Paleontology of the Miocene Sinap Formation, Turkey. Columbia University Press, New York: 282 - 307." type="book chapter" year="2003">
|
|
Fortelius
|
|
<emphasis id="B925E707B63F3C000976FA49FB005F89" box="[1107,1152,1442,1468]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2003
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC046E4B63F3C000F98FA28FC455FE8" author="ANTOINE P. O. & SARAC G." box="[701,965,1474,1501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" pagination="601 - 632" refId="ref10104" refString="ANTOINE P. O. & SARAC G. 2005. - Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the Late Miocene of Akkasdagi, Turkey, in SEN S. (ed.), Geology, mammals and environments at Akkasdagi, Late Miocene of Central Anatolia. Geodiversitas 27 (4): 601 - 632." type="journal article" year="2005">Antoine & Saraç 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). In general, the femur of these species is about
|
|
<quantity id="4CA996F0B63F3C000EF4FA0BFB975FC9" box="[977,1047,1505,1532]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
|
|
long and
|
|
<quantity id="4CA996F0B63F3C0009A9FA0BFB525FC9" box="[1164,1234,1505,1532]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
|
|
wide distally. The total length of the Ivand femur, due to its missing proximal end, is unknown but it is estimated to be about
|
|
<quantity id="4CA996F0B63F3C000EC7F9ABFBAB5C6E" box="[994,1067,1601,1628]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" unit="cm" value="45.0">45 cm</quantity>
|
|
. Therefore, the rhinocerotid femur from Ivand locality can be assigned to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63F3C000E01F96AFBA55CAF" baseAuthorityName="Osborn" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[804,1061,1664,1690]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinocerotidae" genus="Ceratotherium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neumayri">
|
|
<emphasis id="B925E707B63F3C000E01F96AFBA55CAF" box="[804,1061,1664,1690]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">Ceratotherium neumayri</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
/
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63F3C00090AF96AFCBB5C8F" baseAuthorityName="Toula" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinocerotidae" genus="Stephanorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pikermiensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B925E707B63F3C00090AF96AFCBB5C8F" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="717">Stephanorhinus pikermiensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
primarily by size.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63E3C010DE2FF04FDDE5B3C" blockId="9.[174,631,238,328]" box="[199,606,238,265]" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">
|
|
Order
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63E3C010C35FF05FDDE5B3C" authority="Illiger, 1811" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" box="[272,606,238,265]" class="Mammalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">PROBOSCIDEA Illiger, 1811</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |