441 lines
55 KiB
XML
441 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5689493" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c3128d24-5293-4125-bc85-0678753fc483" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154520568" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5689493" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2C419E74-C13D-447D-BDCF-312324515EAE" checkinTime="1553770082828" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Scherz, Mark D., Hutter, Carl R., Rakotoarison, Andolalao, Riemann, Jana C., Rödel, Mark-Oliver, Ndriantsoa, Serge H., Glos, Julian, Roberts, Sam Hyde, Crottini, Angelica, Vences, Miguel & Glaw, Frank" docDate="2019" docId="03F887F6FFB30A6CFD8B0520DF846F07" docLanguage="en" docName="journal.pone.0213314.pdf" docOrigin="PLoS ONE 213314" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Anodonthyla eximia Scherz & Hutter & Rakotoarison & Riemann & Rödel & Ndriantsoa & Glos & Roberts & Crottini & Vences & Glaw 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="2C419E74-C13D-447D-BDCF-312324515EAE" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="FFC1FF8EFF930A48FF9E0658DC6D6955" masterDocTitle="Morphological and ecological convergence at the lower size limit for vertebrates highlighted by five new miniaturised microhylid frog species from three different Madagascan genera" masterLastPageNumber="45" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1636786376000" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Morphological and ecological convergence at the lower size limit for vertebrates highlighted by five new miniaturised microhylid frog species from three different Madagascan genera</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Scherz, Mark D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hutter, Carl R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rakotoarison, Andolalao</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Riemann, Jana C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rödel, Mark-Oliver</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ndriantsoa, Serge H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Glos, Julian</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Roberts, Sam Hyde</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Crottini, Angelica</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vences, Miguel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Glaw, Frank</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PLoS ONE</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2019-03-27</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>213314</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>45</mods:end>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1371/journal.pone.0213314</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">c3128d24-5293-4125-bc85-0678753fc483</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">2614083</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">91E597C8-7A80-46F9-B0E8-61F2524400F7</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5689493" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154520568" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5689493" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2C419E74-C13D-447D-BDCF-312324515EAE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F887F6FFB30A6CFD8B0520DF846F07" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="32.[533,911,888,917]" box="[533,911,888,917]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<heading bold="true" box="[533,911,888,917]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="0">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[533,911,888,917]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName authority="Scherz & Hutter & Rakotoarison & Riemann & Rödel & Ndriantsoa & Glos & Roberts & Crottini & Vences & Glaw, 2019" authorityName="Scherz & Hutter & Rakotoarison & Riemann & Rödel & Ndriantsoa & Glos & Roberts & Crottini & Vences & Glaw" authorityYear="2019" box="[533,801,888,917]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Anodonthyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eximia" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[533,801,888,917]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Anodonthyla eximia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[809,911,888,916]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="32.[533,1527,937,1897]" box="[533,1293,937,961]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<uri box="[533,1293,937,961]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid box="[783,1293,937,961]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">2C419E74-C13D-447D-BDCF-312324515EAE</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[565,997,971,995]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
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||
<paragraph blockId="32.[533,1527,937,1897]" box="[565,997,971,995]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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(
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<figureCitation box="[572,636,971,995]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="2.[192,220,1354,1373]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1332]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[192,1536,208,1332]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig 1. Stylised representation of the latest phylogeny of the microhylid subfamily Cophylinae. Based on the phylogenetic tree of Tu et al. [20] (reconstructed from a concatenated multi-gene DNA sequence data set) with numerous nomenclatural updates. See that paper for support values and phylogenetic context. The sister species of Rhombophryne proportionalis sp. nov. is an undescribed candidate species (R. sp. Ca7) that is not included in this phylogeny; its taxonomy will be treated elsewhere. Taxa highlighted in red are those described herein. Inset photos show a selection of the new species described herein, and representatives of the other small-bodied genera, Stumpffia and Anilany. Inset photos are not to scale. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213314.g001" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614085/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[648,661,971,995]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="7.[192,220,1818,1837]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,851,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[192,1536,851,1796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 2. Holotypes of the new species described in this paper and their hands. Whole specimens in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view. Hand images not to scale. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213314.g002" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614087/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[673,686,971,995]" captionStart="Fig 3" captionStartId="8.[461,489,1766,1785]" captionTargetBox="[461,1535,208,1744]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[461,1535,208,1744]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig 3. Currently known localities of the new taxa described in this paper. The base map is USGS SRTM 1-Arc second digital elevation model. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213314.g003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614089/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[697,710,971,995]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="10.[200,228,1285,1304]" captionTargetBox="[200,1536,208,1263]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[200,1536,208,1263]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 5. One-second spectrograms and oscillograms of the calls of the new species described here. Insets represent the respective species but not the calling specimens. (a) Mini mum gen. et sp. nov., paratype ZMB 81993 from Manombo, (b) Mini scule gen. et sp. nov., ZSM 265/2018 from Sainte Luce, (c) Rhombophryne proportionalis sp. nov., part of a call (note series) of a specimen from Bepia campsite, Tsaratanana (not collected), (d) Anodonthyla eximia sp. nov., specimen not collected, from Maharira (Ranomafana). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213314.g005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614093/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[722,747,971,995]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="33.[533,561,1140,1159]" captionTargetBox="[533,1493,208,1118]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[533,1493,208,1118]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig 12. Anodonthyla eximia sp. nov. holotype (ZMA 20246) in life. (a) dorsolateral, (b) ventral, and (c) posterodorsal view. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213314.g012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614107/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">12</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation box="[799,824,971,995]" captionStart="Fig 13" captionStartId="34.[192,220,1159,1178]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1137]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[192,1536,208,1137]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Fig 13. Osteology of Anodonthyla eximia sp. nov. holotype (ZMA 20246). (a-c) Whole skeleton in (a) dorsal, (b) lateral, and (c) ventral view. (d-g) Skull in (d) lateral, (e) ventral, (f) anterior, and (g) dorsal view. (h) Foot in ventral view. (i) Hand in ventral view. For abbreviations, see Fig 6. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213314.g013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614111/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">13</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation box="[836,924,971,995]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="12.[96,146,518,537]" captionText="Table 1. Morphological measurements (in mm) of new species of miniaturised cophyline microhylids. Measurement abbreviations are listed in the Materials and Methods. A = Adult, M = Male, F = Female (lowercase indicates probable subadult), p = paratype, h = holotype (holotypes are also bolded), na = not available." pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Tables 1</tableCitation>
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and
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<tableCitation box="[976,989,971,995]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="13.[533,583,194,213]" captionTargetBox="[533,1512,335,774]" captionTargetId="graphics@13.[533,1536,323,778]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Table 2. Bioacoustic parameters of new species of miniaturised cophyline microhylids. Data on S. miery from Rakotoarison et al. [14], provided for comparison with the sympatric A. eximia. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation, with range in brackets. na = not applicable. In all species except R. proportionalis calls consist of a single note according to the definition herein, and in these species call duration is therefore synonymous with note duration." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2E6668FF9E0A45FD8B069ADEFD686E" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" tableUuid="DF2E6668FF9E0A45FD8B069ADEFD686E">2</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="32.[533,1527,937,1897]" box="[565,1494,1006,1030]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,659,1006,1030]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Remark.</emphasis>
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This species was previously listed as
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<emphasis box="[1050,1068,1007,1030]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A</emphasis>
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. sp. Ranomafana (Maharira) [
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<bibRefCitation author="Vences M & Glaw F & Kohler J & Wollenberg KC" box="[1388,1413,1006,1030]" journalOrPublisher="Contributions to Zoology." pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 32" part="79" refId="ref24547" refString="24. Vences M, Glaw F, Kohler J, Wollenberg KC. Molecular phylogeny, morphology and bioacoustics reveal five additional species of arboreal microhylid frogs of the genus Anodonthyla from Madagascar. Contributions to Zoology. 2010; 79 (1): 1 - 32." title="Molecular phylogeny, morphology and bioacoustics reveal five additional species of arboreal microhylid frogs of the genus Anodonthyla from Madagascar" type="journal article" year="2010">24</bibRefCitation>
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],
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<emphasis box="[1434,1452,1007,1030]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A</emphasis>
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. sp.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="32.[533,1527,937,1897]" box="[533,1355,1041,1065]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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Ca04 Ranomafana (
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<collectionCode box="[742,820,1041,1065]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">ZCMV</collectionCode>
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204) [
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<bibRefCitation author="Scherz MD & Vences M & Rakotoarison A & Andreone F & Kohler J & Glaw F" box="[882,907,1041,1065]" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution." pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="372 - 81" part="100" refId="ref23908" refString="15. Scherz MD, Vences M, Rakotoarison A, Andreone F, Kohler J, Glaw F, et al. Reconciling molecular phylogeny, morphological divergence and classification of Madagascan narrow-mouthed frogs (Amphibia: Microhylidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2016; 100: 372 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 20 16.04. 0 19 PMID: 270856 71" title="et al. Reconciling molecular phylogeny, morphological divergence and classification of Madagascan narrow-mouthed frogs (Amphibia: Microhylidae)" type="journal article" year="2016">15</bibRefCitation>
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] and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Müller" authorityYear="1892" box="[968,1105,1041,1065]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Anodonthyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[968,1105,1041,1065]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Anodonthyla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 4 Ranomafana [
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<bibRefCitation author="Tu N & Yang M & Liang D & Zhang P." box="[1315,1340,1041,1065]" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution." pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="85 - 91" part="126" refId="ref24267" refString="20. Tu N, Yang M, Liang D, Zhang P. A large-scale phylogeny of Microhylidae inferred from a combined dataset of 121 genes and 427 taxa. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2018; 126: 85 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 201 8.03. 0 36 PMID: 2964958 1" title="A large-scale phylogeny of Microhylidae inferred from a combined dataset of 121 genes and 427 taxa" type="journal article" year="2018">20</bibRefCitation>
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].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="32.[533,1527,937,1897]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2090007150" collectingDate="2004-01-25" collectionCode="ZMA" collectorName="M. Vences & I. de la Riva & E. Rajeriarison." country="Madagascar" county="Vatovavy-Fitovinany Region" elevation="1248" location="Maharira mountain" municipality="Ranomafana National Park" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" specimenCode="ZCMV 204" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,675,1075,1099]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<typeStatus box="[565,670,1075,1099]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<accessionNumber box="[681,808,1075,1099]" httpUri="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ZMA20246" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<collectionCode box="[681,739,1075,1099]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">ZMA</collectionCode>
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20246
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</accessionNumber>
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(
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<specimenCode box="[821,945,1075,1099]" collectionCode="ZCMV" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">ZCMV 204</specimenCode>
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||
, GenBank accession number
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<accessionNumber box="[1258,1524,1075,1099]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">GU177052 and FJ559111</accessionNumber>
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for the 5’ and 3’ fragments of the
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<emphasis box="[883,989,1110,1134]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">16S rRNA</emphasis>
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gene, respectively, and
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||
<accessionNumber box="[1238,1353,1110,1134]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/GU177063" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">GU177063</accessionNumber>
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for the
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<emphasis box="[1435,1482,1110,1134]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">cox1</emphasis>
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gene), an adult male specimen (vocal sac inflated when collected) collected from a campsite at the base of
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F887F6FFB30A6CFD8B0520DF846F07:8E8E603BFFB30A68FD1502C3DF336DE6" box="[651,862,1179,1203]" country="Madagascar" county="Vatovavy-Fitovinany Region" municipality="Ranomafana National Park" name="Maharira mountain" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">Maharira mountain</location>
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(21.3258˚S, 47.4025˚E, approx.
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<elevation box="[1201,1331,1179,1203]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.248" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="1248.0">
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||
<quantity box="[1201,1279,1179,1203]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.248" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="1248.0">1248 m</quantity>
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a.s.l.
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</elevation>
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) in
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<collectingMunicipality pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Ranomafana National Park</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty box="[693,1001,1214,1238]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Vatovavy-Fitovinany Region</collectingCounty>
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, former
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<collectingRegion box="[1090,1330,1214,1238]" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fianarantsoa province</collectingRegion>
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, southeastern
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<collectingCountry box="[533,660,1249,1273]" name="Madagascar" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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||
on
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||
<collectingDate box="[701,871,1249,1273]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2004-01-25">
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||
<date box="[701,871,1249,1273]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2004-01-25">25 January 2004</date>
|
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</collectingDate>
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by
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<collectorName box="[908,1023,1249,1273]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">M. Vences</collectorName>
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,
|
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<collectorName box="[1033,1159,1249,1273]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">I. de la Riva</collectorName>
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, and
|
||
<collectorName box="[1214,1378,1249,1273]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">E. Rajeriarison.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[533,1527,937,1897]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,682,1283,1307]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
An extremely miniaturised frog assigned to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Müller" authorityYear="1892" box="[1259,1396,1284,1308]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Anodonthyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1259,1396,1284,1308]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Anodonthyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of the possession of a large, cultriform prepollex, T-shaped terminal phalanges, absence of postchoanal vomer, and by its genetic affinities. It is separated by uncorrected p-distances of 9.3–17.0% in the analysed 3’ fragment of the
|
||
<emphasis box="[1006,1112,1388,1412]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">16S rRNA</emphasis>
|
||
gene from all other members of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Müller" authorityYear="1892" box="[601,738,1422,1446]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Anodonthyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[601,738,1422,1446]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Anodonthyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[533,1527,937,1897]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scherz & Hutter & Rakotoarison & Riemann & Rödel & Ndriantsoa & Glos & Roberts & Crottini & Vences & Glaw, 2019" authorityName="Scherz & Hutter & Rakotoarison & Riemann & Rödel & Ndriantsoa & Glos & Roberts & Crottini & Vences & Glaw" authorityYear="2019" box="[565,779,1457,1481]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Anodonthyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" species="eximia" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[565,779,1457,1481]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Anodonthyla eximia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[785,867,1457,1481]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is characterised by the unique combination of the following characters (n =
|
||
<specimenCount box="[699,768,1492,1516]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
specimen): (1) male SVL
|
||
<quantity box="[1041,1137,1492,1516]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="11.3">11.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; (2) ED/HL 0.45; (3) HW/SVL 0.31; (4)
|
||
<collectionCode box="[570,634,1526,1550]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">FARL</collectionCode>
|
||
/SVL 0.30; (5) TIBL/SVL 0.39; (6) HIL/SVL 1.34; (7) finger 1 highly reduced, other fingers small; (8) toe 1 absent, toes 2 and 5 quite reduced; (9) maxillary and premaxillary teeth absent; (10) vomerine teeth absent; (11) lateral colour border absent; (12) black inguinal spots absent; (13) postchoanal vomer absent; (14) nasal subrectangular with an acuminate maxillary process, not displaced; (15) quadratojugal-maxilla contact absent; (16) zygomatic ramus of squamosal short, thin, and anterodorsally oriented; (17) clavicles present, curving with simple lateral articulations, medially bulbous; (18) prepollex cultriform, longer than first metatarsal; (19) carpal 2 present; (20) finger phalangeal formula 1-2-3-3; (21) toe phalangeal formula 2-2- 3-4-3; (22) single-note, unpulsed calls, not emitted in series; (23) weakly frequency modulated calls; (24) call dominant frequency 8406 ± 78 Hz (n = 5); (25) call duration 59.6 ± 6.5 ms
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[533,1527,937,1897]" box="[533,1144,1873,1897]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">(n = 5); (26) inter-call interval 3749.0 ± 1149.9 ms (n = 4).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614107/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" startId="33.[533,561,1140,1159]" targetBox="[533,1493,208,1118]" targetPageId="33">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="33.[533,1417,1140,1225]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[533,1117,1140,1159]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
Fig 12.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scherz & Hutter & Rakotoarison & Riemann & Rödel & Ndriantsoa & Glos & Roberts & Crottini & Vences & Glaw, 2019" authorityName="Scherz & Hutter & Rakotoarison & Riemann & Rödel & Ndriantsoa & Glos & Roberts & Crottini & Vences & Glaw" authorityYear="2019" box="[599,777,1140,1159]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Anodonthyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" species="eximia" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[599,777,1140,1159]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Anodonthyla eximia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[782,850,1140,1159]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
holotype (ZMA 20246) in life.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(a) dorsolateral, (b) ventral, and (c) posterodorsal view. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213314.g0 12
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="33.[533,1536,1260,1873]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
This species is considerably smaller than all other
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Müller" authorityYear="1892" box="[1092,1229,1260,1284]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Anodonthyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1092,1229,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Anodonthyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<quantity box="[1323,1418,1260,1284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="11.3">11.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="24.5" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="15.0">15–34 mm</quantity>
|
||
), and as such is only possible to confuse with juveniles of its congeners. In addition to its small size, it can be distinguished from all other
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Müller" authorityYear="1892" box="[1042,1179,1329,1353]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Anodonthyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1042,1179,1329,1353]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Anodonthyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species by the absence of flared crests on the humerus in adult males. Among similarly sized adult frogs in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1324,1453,1364,1388]" name="Madagascar" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it can be distinguished by the possession of a large inner metacarpal tubercle with a large, cultriform prepollex (present only in male
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Müller" authorityYear="1892" box="[869,1006,1433,1457]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Anodonthyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[869,1006,1433,1457]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Anodonthyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, much smaller in all other species except
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Scherz, Vences, Rakotoarison, Andreone, Köhler, Glaw & Crottini" authorityYear="2016" box="[1443,1527,1433,1457]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Anilany" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" order="Anura" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1443,1527,1433,1457]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Anilany</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where it is broad and triangular instead of cultriform), and a laterally displaced neopalatine not in contact with the sphenethmoid or vomer (neopalatine either in contact with sphenethmoid or in contact with vomer in all other species; in some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1268,1371,1538,1562]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Stumpffia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1268,1371,1538,1562]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Stumpffia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the neopalatine is lost, unpublished data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="33.[533,1536,1260,1873]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,808,1606,1630]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[565,668,1606,1630]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
description.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Specimen in a good state of preservation, a piece of the right thigh removed as a tissue sample. Body oblong; head wider than long, narrower than the body width; snout rounded in dorsal and lateral view; nostrils directed laterally, not protuberant, closer to eye than to tip of snout; canthus rostralis rounded, straight; loreal region concave, vertical; tympanum indistinct, round, about 46% of eye diameter; supratympanic fold weak, not raised, straight from posterior corner of eye to axilla; tongue long, thin, attached anteriorly, not notched; maxillary teeth absent, vomerine teeth absent; choanae oblong, very small. Forelimbs relatively broad; subarticular tubercles indistinct, single; outer metacarpal tubercle
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614111/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" startId="34.[192,220,1159,1178]" subCaptionStartIDs="34.[1261,1288,1184,1203]" subCaptionStarts="Fig 6" targetBox="[192,1536,208,1137]" targetPageId="34">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="34.[192,1512,1159,1245]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,836,1159,1178]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
Fig 13. Osteology of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scherz & Hutter & Rakotoarison & Riemann & Rödel & Ndriantsoa & Glos & Roberts & Crottini & Vences & Glaw, 2019" authorityName="Scherz & Hutter & Rakotoarison & Riemann & Rödel & Ndriantsoa & Glos & Roberts & Crottini & Vences & Glaw" authorityYear="2019" box="[374,552,1159,1178]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Anodonthyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" species="eximia" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[374,552,1159,1178]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Anodonthyla eximia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[557,625,1159,1178]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
holotype (ZMA 20246).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(a-c) Whole skeleton in (a) dorsal, (b) lateral, and (c) ventral view. (d-g) Skull in (d) lateral, (e) ventral, (f) anterior, and (g) dorsal view. (h) Foot in ventral view. (i) Hand in ventral view. For abbreviations, see Fig 6. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213314.g01 3
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="34.[533,1536,1279,1892]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
small, indistinct, single; inner metacarpal tubercle large and distinct, bulging outward strongly, underlain by cultriform prepollex; hand without webbing; all fingers short, first highly reduced and only marginally longer than the prepollex; relative length of fingers 1
|
||
<emphasis box="[1306,1327,1349,1372]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35"><</emphasis>
|
||
2 = 4
|
||
<emphasis box="[1379,1400,1349,1372]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35"><</emphasis>
|
||
3, fourth finger equal in length to second; tip of third finger marginally expanded, other fingers not expanded into discs. Hind limbs robust; TIBL 39% of SVL; lateral metatarsalia strongly connected; inner metatarsal tubercle rounded, indistinguishable from first toe; outer metatarsal tubercle absent; no webbing between toes; first toe practically absent, second and fifth toes shortened; relative length of toes 2
|
||
<emphasis box="[896,917,1522,1545]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35"><</emphasis>
|
||
5
|
||
<emphasis box="[929,950,1522,1545]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35"><</emphasis>
|
||
3
|
||
<emphasis box="[962,983,1522,1545]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35"><</emphasis>
|
||
4; fifth toe distinctly shorter than third. Skin on dorsum smooth, without distinct dorsolateral folds. Ventral skin smooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="34.[533,1536,1279,1892]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
After 13 years in 70% ethanol, the dorsum is pale brown with a faint darker brown chevron over the scapular region (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[803,856,1626,1650]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="7.[192,220,1818,1837]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,851,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[192,1536,851,1796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 2. Holotypes of the new species described in this paper and their hands. Whole specimens in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view. Hand images not to scale. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213314.g002" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614087/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal legs have faint dark brown crossbands, especially on the shanks. The dorsal colouration fades over the shanks to cream, which is continuous on the venter. The lateral head is dark brown, with a distinct border to the dorsum and flank formed by the supratympanic fold. The chin is a lighter brown than the dorsum but distinctly not the cream of the abdomen. The ventral legs are translucent cream. Colour in life as in preservative but more vibrant; the venter was slate grey with blue-cream flecks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="34.[533,1536,1279,1892]" lastBlockId="35.[533,1536,208,1896]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,710,1834,1858]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Bioacoustics.</emphasis>
|
||
Calls recorded from an unknown specimen by M. Vences at 08h45, on
|
||
<date pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="2004-01-26">26 January 2004</date>
|
||
at Maharira in Ranomafana National Park (21.3258˚S, 047.4025˚E,
|
||
<quantity box="[1390,1469,1868,1892]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.248" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="1248.0">1248 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.) in the leaf litter of primary rainforest, referred to this species (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1186,1258,208,232]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="9.[533,561,1275,1294]" captionTargetBox="[533,1493,208,1254]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[533,1493,208,1254]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 4. Mini mum gen. et sp. nov. in life and its habitat in Manombo Special Reserve. (a-c) ZSM 861/2014, holotype, in (a) anterolateral view on a thumbnail, (b) dorsolateral view on a leaf, (c) ventral view. (d, e) ZSM 862/2014, paratype, in (d) ventral view, and (e) lateral view on a thumbnail. (f, g) ZMB 83194, paratype, in (f) dorsolateral view, and (g) ventral view. (h) ZMB 81993, paratype, in dorsolateral view. (i) ZMA 20172 in posterodorsolateral view. (j) Habitat of the new species in Manombo Special Reserve. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213314.g004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614091/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1270,1348,208,232]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="13.[533,583,194,213]" captionTargetBox="[533,1512,335,774]" captionTargetId="graphics@13.[533,1536,323,778]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Table 2. Bioacoustic parameters of new species of miniaturised cophyline microhylids. Data on S. miery from Rakotoarison et al. [14], provided for comparison with the sympatric A. eximia. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation, with range in brackets. na = not applicable. In all species except R. proportionalis calls consist of a single note according to the definition herein, and in these species call duration is therefore synonymous with note duration." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2E6668FF9E0A45FD8B069ADEFD686E" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" tableUuid="DF2E6668FF9E0A45FD8B069ADEFD686E">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1416,1509,208,232]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and single known specimen of this species was collected during careful searches of the leaf litter from the exact spot where similar calls were heard, and upon capture, had an apparent partially inflated vocal sac. No other calls assignable to a miniature frog were heard in the area at this time in the morning. Assignment of the calls to this species therefore is the most likely hypothesis but remains tentative. The call bears remarkable resemblance to that of
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1408,1511,381,405]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Stumpffia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Stumpffia</taxonomicName>
|
||
miery
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation box="[608,686,416,440]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="13.[533,583,194,213]" captionTargetBox="[533,1512,335,774]" captionTargetId="graphics@13.[533,1536,323,778]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Table 2. Bioacoustic parameters of new species of miniaturised cophyline microhylids. Data on S. miery from Rakotoarison et al. [14], provided for comparison with the sympatric A. eximia. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation, with range in brackets. na = not applicable. In all species except R. proportionalis calls consist of a single note according to the definition herein, and in these species call duration is therefore synonymous with note duration." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2E6668FF9E0A45FD8B069ADEFD686E" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" tableUuid="DF2E6668FF9E0A45FD8B069ADEFD686E">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
), which is also known from lower elevations in Ranomafana National Park, and detailed future field study will be required to confirm its assignment to
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scherz & Hutter & Rakotoarison & Riemann & Rödel & Ndriantsoa & Glos & Roberts & Crottini & Vences & Glaw, 2019" authorityName="Scherz & Hutter & Rakotoarison & Riemann & Rödel & Ndriantsoa & Glos & Roberts & Crottini & Vences & Glaw" authorityYear="2019" box="[1286,1500,451,475]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Anodonthyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" species="eximia" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1286,1500,451,475]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Anodonthyla eximia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="35.[533,1536,208,1896]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Calls were emitted as part of a large chorus in the early hours of the morning following cyclonic rainfall after the retreat of major flooding of the area. Calls consisted of a single note and were emitted at regular intervals without defined call series. Calls were weakly frequency modulated with an increase in pitch, but recording quality is too poor for detailed analysis. For approximate call parameters, see
|
||
<tableCitation box="[885,963,658,682]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="13.[533,583,194,213]" captionTargetBox="[533,1512,335,774]" captionTargetId="graphics@13.[533,1536,323,778]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Table 2. Bioacoustic parameters of new species of miniaturised cophyline microhylids. Data on S. miery from Rakotoarison et al. [14], provided for comparison with the sympatric A. eximia. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation, with range in brackets. na = not applicable. In all species except R. proportionalis calls consist of a single note according to the definition herein, and in these species call duration is therefore synonymous with note duration." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2E6668FF9E0A45FD8B069ADEFD686E" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" tableUuid="DF2E6668FF9E0A45FD8B069ADEFD686E">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="35.[533,1536,208,1896]" box="[565,1118,693,717]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,775,693,717]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Osteology (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[692,759,693,717]" captionStart="Fig 13" captionStartId="34.[192,220,1159,1178]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1137]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[192,1536,208,1137]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Fig 13. Osteology of Anodonthyla eximia sp. nov. holotype (ZMA 20246). (a-c) Whole skeleton in (a) dorsal, (b) lateral, and (c) ventral view. (d-g) Skull in (d) lateral, (e) ventral, (f) anterior, and (g) dorsal view. (h) Foot in ventral view. (i) Hand in ventral view. For abbreviations, see Fig 6. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213314.g013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614111/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig 13</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Based on
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[883,1010,693,717]" httpUri="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ZMA20246" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[883,941,693,717]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">ZMA</collectionCode>
|
||
20246
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
(figured).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="35.[533,1536,208,1896]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,837,728,752]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Cranium (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[679,748,728,752]" captionStart="Fig 13" captionStartId="34.[192,220,1159,1178]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1137]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[192,1536,208,1137]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Fig 13. Osteology of Anodonthyla eximia sp. nov. holotype (ZMA 20246). (a-c) Whole skeleton in (a) dorsal, (b) lateral, and (c) ventral view. (d-g) Skull in (d) lateral, (e) ventral, (f) anterior, and (g) dorsal view. (h) Foot in ventral view. (i) Hand in ventral view. For abbreviations, see Fig 6. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213314.g013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614111/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig 13</figureCitation>
|
||
D–13G)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Shape and proportions. Skull short and rounded, longer than wide, widest at the bowing of the quadratojugal roughly in line with the anterior face of the prootic. Braincase proportionally broad, with an extremely short rostrum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="35.[533,1536,208,1896]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,736,832,856]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Neurocranium.</emphasis>
|
||
Moderately ossified, otic capsules partly ossified. Sphenethmoid unossified. Prootic in dorsal contact with lateral flange of frontoparietal, ventral contact with parasphenoid alae, not approaching contralateral. Septomaxilla miniscule, very tightly curled, not further discussed due to low ossification and insufficient resolution. Columella (stapes) well ossified, pars media plectra (stylus) long and slightly curved, posteriorly and dorsally oriented toward the broadened, somewhat posteriorly oriented pars interna plectra (baseplate). Nasal narrow, retaining the shape of larger cophylines: subrectangular with an elongated, acuminate maxillary process that does not closely approach the maxillary pars facialis; displaced laterally, broadly separated from contralateral. Frontoparietal with rounded anterior edge, laterally rather straight-edged, with short lateral flange covering prootic, posteriorly strongly connected to exoccipital, lacking any dorsal process, separated from contralateral by a narrow gap with a small rhomboid facet at the level of the prootics, which may represent a pineal foramen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="35.[533,1536,208,1896]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Parasphenoid with narrow, rather straight-edged cultriform process and roughly equally broad perpendicular alae, considerably shorter than frontoparietals, in contact with exoccipitals posterodorsally, prootics dorsally along the edges of the alae, anteroventrally free; posteromedial process long but not participating in foramen magnum. Vomer lacking postchoanal portion (typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Müller" authorityYear="1892" box="[732,869,1387,1411]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Anodonthyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[732,869,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Anodonthyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); prechoanal portion strongly curved, bearing a small lateral ramus. Neopalatine simple and very thin, laterally displaced, not contacting any other ossified elements.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="35.[533,1536,208,1896]" lastBlockId="36.[533,1536,208,1618]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Maxillary arcade gracile, maxilla and premaxilla edentate, anterior extension of maxilla not exceeding lateral extent of premaxilla. Premaxilla with a narrow dorsal alary process rising laterally, pars palatina shallowly divided into a narrow palatine process and broad lateral process. Maxilla practically lacking a pars facialis and bearing a narrow pars palatina, its posterior tip acuminate and not contacting the quadratojugal, the lingual surface of the pars palatina contacting the anterior ramus of the pterygoid, which has taken over the articulation. Pterygoid with a short medial ramus, long and strongly curved anterior ramus, and broad posterior ramus, posteriorly calcified to the quadratojugal complex. Quadratojugal bowed laterally, rather short, broadly connected to the ventral ramus of the squamosal, bearing a small posteroventral knob, anteriorly dividing and with decreasing ossification, not connected to the maxilla; the articulation of the mandible is apparently somewhat fortified by the mineralisation of the posterior ramus of the pterygoid+squamosal+quadratojugal posteroventral knob. Squamosal with a slender, rather straight ventral ramus, thin, posterodorsally oriented otic ramus, and short, thin, anterodorsally oriented zygomatic ramus.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[533,1536,208,1618]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Mandible slim and edentate, largely unremarkable, with a weakly raised coronoid process on the angulosplenial. Mentomeckelians separated from the dentary, with small, poorly ossified hooked ventrolateral projections.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[533,1536,208,1618]" box="[565,1496,381,405]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Posteromedial processes of hyoid proximally rounded without an obvious medial crista.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[533,1536,208,1618]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,1114,416,440]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Postcranial skeleton (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[804,871,416,440]" captionStart="Fig 13" captionStartId="34.[192,220,1159,1178]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1137]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[192,1536,208,1137]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Fig 13. Osteology of Anodonthyla eximia sp. nov. holotype (ZMA 20246). (a-c) Whole skeleton in (a) dorsal, (b) lateral, and (c) ventral view. (d-g) Skull in (d) lateral, (e) ventral, (f) anterior, and (g) dorsal view. (h) Foot in ventral view. (i) Hand in ventral view. For abbreviations, see Fig 6. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213314.g013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614111/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig 13</figureCitation>
|
||
A–13C, 13H and
|
||
<date box="[1062,1098,416,440]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2013-01">13I</date>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Eight procoelous presacrals, all much broader than long, lacking neural spines, with round posterior articular processes, presacral I with a complete neural arch, presacrals II–IV with thicker and longer transverse processes than V–VIII. Sacrum with flared diapophyses, the leading and trailing edges roughly equally curved, the articulation
|
||
<typeStatus box="[786,831,554,578]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">type</typeStatus>
|
||
IIB
|
||
<emphasis box="[877,934,555,578]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
Emerson [
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Emerson SB" box="[1050,1075,554,578]" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society." pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="153 - 68" part="11" refId="ref25518" refString="42. Emerson SB. The ilio-sacral articulation in frogs: form and function. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 1979; 11: 153 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1979. tb 00032. x" title="The ilio-sacral articulation in frogs: form and function" type="journal article" year="1979">42</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]. Urostyle bicondylar, long, broadening gently posteriorly, with a somewhat flared head and a low dorsal ridge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[533,1536,208,1618]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Pectoral girdle without ossified prezonal or postzonal elements, with ossified clavicles. Clavicle thin and curved, with a simple lateral junction, equal in length to the coracoid, medially bulbous. Coracoid broad, flared laterally and strongly flared medially with a curving medial articular surface with the contralateral. Scapula robust, with a broad pars acromialis, the cleithral border straight. Cleithrum ossified for three-quarters the width of the scapular border, thickened anteriorly. Suprascapula unossified.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[533,1536,208,1618]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Humerus with a well-developed crista ventralis and no medial or lateral cristae. Radioulna slender with a distinct sulcus intermedius. Carpals composed of radiale, ulnare, element Y, prepollex, carpal 2, and a large post-axial element formed by carpals 3–5. Prepollex extremely long and acuminate, longer than first metacarpal. Finger phalangeal formula is reduced (1-2- 3-3), and the terminal phalanx of the first finger small and columnar, others bearing T-shaped knobs.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[533,1536,208,1618]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Pubis ossified; iliac shafts passing ventral to and beyond sacrum, oblong in cross-section, with a weak dorsal crest, a distinct dorsal prominence, and a shallow oblique groove. Femur weakly sigmoid, bearing a distinct posterior crest. Tibiofibula slightly shorter than femur in length, with a sulcus intermedius. Tibiale and fibulare fused proximally and distally. T1 and T2 +3 tarsals present, T1 considerably smaller than T2+3. Centrale present, larger than other tarsals. Prehallux elongated, half the length of first metatarsal. Phalangeal formula standard (2-2- 3-4-3). Terminal phalanx of toe 1 a small round element, those of toes 2–5 with T-shaped knobs.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[533,1536,208,1618]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,692,1317,1341]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Scherz & Hutter & Rakotoarison & Riemann & Rödel & Ndriantsoa & Glos & Roberts & Crottini & Vences & Glaw" authorityYear="2019" box="[904,975,1318,1341]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Anodonthyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eximia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[904,975,1318,1341]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">eximia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the feminine form of the Latin adjective
|
||
<emphasis box="[1431,1512,1318,1341]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">eximius</emphasis>
|
||
meaning ‘remarkable’ or ‘special’, in reference to the surprisingly small body size and terrestrial habits of this
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Müller" authorityYear="1892" box="[724,861,1387,1411]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Anodonthyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[724,861,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Anodonthyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[533,1536,208,1618]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,1165,1421,1445]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Distribution, natural history, and conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scherz & Hutter & Rakotoarison & Riemann & Rödel & Ndriantsoa & Glos & Roberts & Crottini & Vences & Glaw, 2019" authorityName="Scherz & Hutter & Rakotoarison & Riemann & Rödel & Ndriantsoa & Glos & Roberts & Crottini & Vences & Glaw" authorityYear="2019" box="[1170,1384,1421,1445]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Anodonthyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" species="eximia" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1170,1384,1421,1445]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Anodonthyla eximia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1390,1472,1421,1445]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is known only from Maharira in Ranomafana National Park (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1162,1214,1456,1480]" captionStart="Fig 6" captionStartId="11.[96,124,1263,1282]" captionTargetBox="[96,1536,211,1242]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[96,1536,211,1242]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 6. Osteology of Mini mum gen. et sp. nov. holotype (ZSM 861/2014). (a-c) Whole skeleton in (a) dorsal, (b) lateral, and (c) ventral view. (d-g) Skull in (d) lateral, (e) ventral, (f) anterior, and (g) dorsal view. (h) Foot in ventral view. (i) Hand in ventral view. Abbreviations for all osteological figures: angspl, angulosplenial; col.pip, pars interna plectra of columella; col.pmp, pars media plectra of columella; cpl(s), carpal(s); den, dentary; exoc, exoccipital; exoc.occ, occipital condyle of exoccipital; fpar, frontoparietal; max, maxilla; max.fp, facial process of maxilla; mmk, mentomeckelian; n, nasal; n.mp, maxillary process of nasal; npl, neopalatine; oc, otic capsule; prsph. ap, parasphenoid alary process; prsph.cp, parasphenoid cultriform process; prsph.pmp, parasphenoid posteromedial process; pmx, premaxilla; pmx.ap, premaxilla ascending process; pmx.lp, premaxilla lateral process; pmx.pp, premaxilla palatine process; povom, postchoanal portion of vomer; pro, prootic; prvom, prechoanal portion of vomer; pt.ar, pterygoid anterior ramus; pt.mr, pterygoid medial ramus; pt.vr, pterygoid ventral ramus; qj, quadratojugal; smx, septomaxilla; spheth, sphenethmoid; sq. or, squamosal otic ramus; sq.vr, squamosal ventral ramus; sq.zr, squamosal zygomatic ramus; tsl(s), tarsals; vt, vomerine teeth. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213314.g006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614095/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is a terrestrial species. Nothing else is known of its natural history. It is likely that this species should be classified as Vulnerable like other species from Maharira (e.g.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1059,1359,1525,1549]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1059,1220,1525,1549]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gephyromantis</taxonomicName>
|
||
runewsweeki
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), but as we know almost nothing of its range and ecology, we instead recommend that it be considered Data Deficient until more data are available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |