334 lines
34 KiB
XML
334 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="07D95F944A7F7844111A55A0220118C0" ID-CLB-Dataset="42365" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3908.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6f1d1977-6b97-4789-828c-76ed250cf1ae" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="242729" ID-ZooBank="D6AD2B49-170B-4D9C-84AA-DBE0FEEAD8BE" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460936415633" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gravili, Cinzia, Vito, Doris De, Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di, Martell, Luis, Piraino, Stefano & Boero, Ferdinando" docDate="2015" docId="03F887DEFFE6FFA89CD60947D6B2F8E9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03908p187.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3908 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Perarella schneideri Motz-Kossowska 1905" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="FFC1FFA6FFF6FFB99C410F49D739FFD6" masterDocTitle="The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide" masterLastPageNumber="187" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1698583517399" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="00FE13C36969025DFD1E8D8B680428BE">
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<mods:title id="AA9F0486171833D8E550918DCBFD55F0">The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9AE22DFB67877666E18F775F20759B97">Gravili, Cinzia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="43193DE0FA1D51AFC4E2C04988F62358">Vito, Doris De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3EFCA4B93BF95F972026DE477D380FF7">Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D11BD8AB0FC54A1682044058EB16B876">Martell, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="800CFC5DE7E911EE7CB645777A7267E9">Piraino, Stefano</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="90909EDB85CA965D58D6D8A4C6096E46">Boero, Ferdinando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DCC31475DE03DDCBF52235E4094D0237">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="973CA2AB838479D7190D2C3EA3D5F17C">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8844E8A6A19C9F82534D583FC34473F1">3908</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F887DEFFE6FFA89CD60947D6B2F8E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6106948" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119591012" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6106948" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F887DEFFE6FFA89CD60947D6B2F8E9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F887DEFFE6FFA89CD60947D6B2F8E9" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFE6FFA99CD60947D546F958" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFE6FFA99CD60947D5FCF9FE" blockId="16.[151,709,1550,1609]" box="[151,709,1550,1576]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<heading id="D0A681A4FFE6FFA99CD60947D5FCF9FE" bold="true" box="[151,709,1550,1576]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFE6FFA99CD60947D5FCF9FE" ID-CoL="773NZ" authority="Motz-Kossowska, 1905" authorityName="Motz-Kossowska" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,709,1550,1576]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cytaeididae" genus="Perarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schneideri">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE6FFA99CD60947D5FCF9FE" bold="true" box="[151,709,1550,1576]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE6FFA99CD60947D6B2F9FE" bold="true" box="[151,395,1550,1576]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Perarella schneideri</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFE6FFA99DDA0947D584F9FE" author="Motz-Kossowska" box="[411,701,1550,1576]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Motz-Kossowska, S. (1905) Contribution a la connaissance des hydraires de la Mediterranee occidentale. I. - Hydraires Gymnoblastiques. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, Serie 4, 3, 39 - 98." type="journal article" year="1905">Motz-Kossowska, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFE6FFA99CD60979D635F99F" blockId="16.[151,709,1550,1609]" box="[151,268,1584,1609]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<figureCitation id="136A2A4DFFE6FFA99CD60979D7EEF99F" box="[151,215,1584,1609]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,874,896]" captionTargetBox="[267,1318,197,849]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[262,1324,193,853]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Perarella schneideri: A, hydranth with gonophore; B, medusoid (drawn by C. G. Di Camillo). Scale bars: A, 0.2 mm; B, 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242738/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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A–B
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFE6FFA99CD60931D546F958" blockId="16.[151,639,1656,1678]" box="[151,639,1656,1678]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">See Schuchert (2007) for a complete synonymy.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFE6FFA99CD609F2D649F92E" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFE6FFA99CD609F2D649F92E" blockId="16.[151,1436,1723,2036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE6FFA99CD609F2D6BBF902" bold="true" box="[151,386,1723,1748]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Material examined.</emphasis>
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HCUS-S 0 0 9 and HCUS-S 0 10 (Hydrozoa Collection, University of Salento—fauna of the Salento Peninsula).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFE6FFA89C86084AD7EBFA90" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFE6FFA99C86084AD3A1F8CA" blockId="16.[151,1436,1723,2036]" box="[199,1176,1795,1820]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE6FFA99C86084AD668F8CA" bold="true" box="[199,337,1795,1820]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Description</emphasis>
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(based on our own observations;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFE6FFA99E8A084AD4F5F8CA" author="Bavestrello" box="[715,972,1795,1820]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Bavestrello, G., Puce, S., Cerrano, C. & Balduzzi, A. (2000) Life history of Perarella schneideri (Hydrozoa, Cytaeididae) in the Ligurian Sea. In: Mills, C. E., Boero, F., Migotto, A. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), pp. 141 - 146." type="journal article" year="2000">
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Bavestrello
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE6FFA99F13084DD4B3F8CA" box="[850,906,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
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2000
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</bibRefCitation>
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; Schuchert 2007):
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFE6FFA99C86086ED510F822" blockId="16.[151,1436,1723,2036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE6FFA99C86086ED60AF896" bold="true" box="[199,307,1831,1856]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Hydroid.</emphasis>
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Hydrorhiza reticulated with tubes of transparent perisarc; colonies stolonal, associated with the bryozoan
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFE6FFA99D470802D511F8B2" box="[262,552,1867,1892]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Schizoporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="longirostris">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE6FFA99D470802D511F8B2" box="[262,552,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Schizoporella longirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,. Polyps with a perisarc collar at base, of two
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<typeStatus id="54EA886AFFE6FFA9986C0805D352F8B2" box="[1069,1131,1868,1892]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">types</typeStatus>
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, one long and tubular, with 8–14 filiform tentacles in one whorl, the other very extensile, filiform with only 4 short oral tentacles. Gonophores arising directly from the stolon, giving rise to free medusoids, almost spherical, with four radial canals, circular canal, four tentacular bulbs and a non functional manubrium. Colours: hydranths red, male gonophores whitish with dark red gastrovascular canals.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF2E6640FFE7FFA89CD60C23D607FC49" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242738/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" targetBox="[267,1318,197,849]" targetPageId="17">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFE7FFA89CD60C23D607FC49" blockId="17.[151,1436,874,927]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89CD60C23D62DFCA9" bold="true" box="[151,276,874,896]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFE7FFA89D5D0C23D6D4FC56" box="[284,493,874,896]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cytaeididae" genus="Perarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schneideri">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89D5D0C23D6D4FC56" box="[284,493,874,896]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Perarella schneideri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89DBD0C23D537FCA9" bold="true" box="[508,526,874,895]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis>
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, hydranth with gonophore;
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89F6C0C22D407FC56" bold="true" box="[813,830,875,896]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B</emphasis>
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, medusoid (drawn by C.G. Di Camillo). Scale bars: A, 0.2 mm; B, 0.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFE7FFA89C860C8FD472FBD5" blockId="17.[151,1437,966,1855]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89C860C8FD65FFC09" bold="true" box="[199,358,966,991]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Eumedusoid:</emphasis>
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female eumedusoids with 80 or more eggs, free swimming for about 5 days before spawning and afterwards degenerating, male eumedusoids do not swim.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFE7FFA89C860B47D5C7FBF1" blockId="17.[151,1437,966,1855]" box="[199,766,1038,1063]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89C860B47D602FBF1" bold="true" box="[199,315,1038,1063]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cnidome.</emphasis>
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Desmonemes and microbasic euryteles.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFE7FFA89C860B7BD37EFBB9" blockId="17.[151,1437,966,1855]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89C860B7BD65AFB9D" bold="true" box="[199,355,1074,1099]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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Habitat
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<typeStatus id="54EA886AFFE7FFA89D680B7BD667FB9D" box="[297,350,1074,1099]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Colonies usually associated with colonies of the bryozoan
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFE7FFA89FB40B7BD22EFB9D" box="[1013,1303,1074,1099]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Schizoporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="longirostris">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89FB40B7BD22EFB9D" box="[1013,1303,1074,1099]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Schizoporella longirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, sometimes other substrates (1 until more
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<quantity id="4CA99B2DFFE7FFA89DA70B1ED514FBB8" box="[486,557,1111,1135]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
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depth) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFE7FFA89ECB0B1ED44FFBB9" author="Boero" box="[650,886,1110,1135]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi, 1986</bibRefCitation>
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; Schuchert, 2007).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFE7FFA89C860B33D362FB61" blockId="17.[151,1437,966,1855]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89C860B33D678FB45" bold="true" box="[199,321,1146,1171]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Substrate.</emphasis>
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Alghe (
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFE7FFA89DE10B33D533FB45" box="[416,522,1146,1171]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" genus="Caulerpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89DE10B33D533FB45" box="[416,522,1146,1171]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Caulerpa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFE7FFA89E580B32D408FB45" box="[537,817,1146,1171]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Cystoseira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Heterokontophyta" rank="species" species="mediterranea">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89E580B32D408FB45" box="[537,817,1146,1171]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cystoseira mediterranea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFE7FFA89F010B33D4D0FB44" box="[832,1001,1146,1171]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Halimedaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="tuna">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89F010B33D4D0FB44" box="[832,1001,1146,1171]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Halimeda tuna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
) hydrozoans (
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFE7FFA898CF0B33D2B5FB45" box="[1166,1420,1146,1171]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA898CF0B33D2B5FB45" box="[1166,1420,1146,1171]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Sertularella fusiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), bryozoans (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFE7FFA89D5B0BD7D6FDFB61" box="[282,452,1182,1207]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89D5B0BD7D6FDFB61" box="[282,452,1182,1207]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Membranipora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFE7FFA89E470BD7D411FB61" box="[518,808,1182,1207]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Schizoporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="longirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89E470BD7D411FB61" box="[518,808,1182,1207]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Schizoporella longirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), mollusks (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFE7FFA89FF40BD6D372FB61" box="[949,1099,1182,1207]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pinnidae" genus="Pinna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nobilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89FF40BD6D372FB61" box="[949,1099,1182,1207]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pinna nobilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFE7FFA89C860B8BD321FB29" blockId="17.[151,1437,966,1855]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89C860B8BD66DFB0D" bold="true" box="[199,340,1218,1243]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Seasonality.</emphasis>
|
||
Present all year (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFE7FFA89E5C0B8AD43FFB0D" author="Boero" box="[541,774,1218,1243]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFE7FFA89F520B8BD323FB0D" author="Bavestrello" box="[787,1050,1218,1243]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Bavestrello, G., Puce, S., Cerrano, C. & Balduzzi, A. (2000) Life history of Perarella schneideri (Hydrozoa, Cytaeididae) in the Ligurian Sea. In: Mills, C. E., Boero, F., Migotto, A. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), pp. 141 - 146." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Bavestrello
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89FDD0B8AD4F7FB0D" box="[924,974,1218,1243]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Puce
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA898240B8AD3A0FB0D" box="[1125,1177,1218,1243]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009) in the Ligurian Sea; February, October–November in Salento waters (De Vito 2006; this study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFE7FFA89C860A43D7EBFA90" blockId="17.[151,1437,966,1855]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89C860A43D6FCFAF5" bold="true" box="[199,453,1290,1315]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Reproductive period.</emphasis>
|
||
In the Ligurian Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFE7FFA89EF50A43D480FAF5" author="Bavestrello" box="[692,953,1290,1315]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Bavestrello, G., Puce, S., Cerrano, C. & Balduzzi, A. (2000) Life history of Perarella schneideri (Hydrozoa, Cytaeididae) in the Ligurian Sea. In: Mills, C. E., Boero, F., Migotto, A. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), pp. 141 - 146." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Bavestrello
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89F7C0A42D456FAF5" box="[829,879,1290,1315]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), reproductive colonies occur from May to June.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFE7FFA89C860A1BD405FA65" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFE7FFA89C860A1BD322FABD" blockId="17.[151,1437,966,1855]" box="[199,1051,1362,1387]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89C860A1BD659FABD" bold="true" box="[199,352,1362,1387]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Mediterranean endemic (Bouillon 2004;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFE7FFA89F710A1BD336FABD" author="Gravili" box="[816,1039,1362,1387]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89FC70A1AD481FABD" box="[902,952,1362,1387]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFE7FFA89C860A3FD405FA65" blockId="17.[151,1437,966,1855]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89C860A3FD68AFA59" bold="true" box="[199,435,1398,1423]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Records in Salento.</emphasis>
|
||
Moderately frequent in the following localities: S.ta Caterina (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFE7FFA898CA0A3FD209FA59" author="Presicce" box="[1163,1328,1398,1423]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Presicce, M. M. (1991) Gli idroidi (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) del litorale salentino. Degree Thesis, Marine Biology, Universita degli Studi di Lecce, 143 pp." type="book" year="1991">Presicce 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Otranto (De Vito 2006; Gravili 2006; Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89E780AD2D548FA65" box="[569,625,1434,1459]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008; this study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFE7FFA89C860AF7D25AF979" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFE7FFA89C860AF7D25AF979" blockId="17.[151,1437,966,1855]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89C860AF7D602FA01" bold="true" box="[199,315,1470,1495]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The two kinds of gastrozooids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFE7FFA89EFD0AF7D49BFA01" box="[700,930,1470,1495]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cytaeididae" genus="Perarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schneideri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89EFD0AF7D49BFA01" box="[700,930,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Perarella schneideri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are related to two different trophic strategies (the large gastrozooids feed on meiobenthic organisms like nematodes and polychaetes or bryozoan larvae; the filiform gastrozooids engulf and feed on the distal portion of a single lophophoral tentacle of its bryozoan host). When the lophophore retracts the gastrozooid is dragged into the bryozoan for a short time, and sucks the tentacle feeding on the food caught by the bryozoan lophophore (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFE7FFA89F520907D32FF9B1" author="Bavestrello" box="[787,1046,1614,1639]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Bavestrello, G., Puce, S., Cerrano, C. & Balduzzi, A. (2000) Life history of Perarella schneideri (Hydrozoa, Cytaeididae) in the Ligurian Sea. In: Mills, C. E., Boero, F., Migotto, A. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), pp. 141 - 146." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Bavestrello
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89FDA0906D4F2F9B1" box="[923,971,1614,1639]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in the same fashion described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFE7FFA89CD6093BD646F95C" box="[151,383,1650,1675]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleidae" genus="Halocoryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="epizoica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89CD6093BD646F95C" box="[151,383,1650,1675]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Halocoryne epizoica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFE7FFA89E54093BD5D1F95D" author="Piraino" box="[533,744,1650,1675]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Piraino, S., Bouillon, J. & Boero, F. (1992) Halocoryne epizoica (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa), a hydroid that ' bites'. In: Bouillon, J., Boero, F., Cicogna, F., Gili, J. M. & Hughes, R. G. (Eds.), Aspects of hydrozoan biology. Scientia Marina, 56, pp. 141 - 147. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400070181" type="journal article" year="1992">
|
||
Piraino
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89E2F093AD59CF95D" box="[622,677,1650,1675]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFE7FFA89FF8093BD3B7F95C" box="[953,1166,1650,1675]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Stylactaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89FF8093BD3B7F95C" box="[953,1166,1650,1675]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Stylactaria inermis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
eumedusoids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFE7FFA89974093BD7CEF979" author="Onofri" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Onofri, I., Schuchert, P., De Vito, D., Piraino, S. & Boero, F. (2010) The life cycle of H. inermis (Allman, 1872): a new case of ontogeny reversal. Abstracts 7 th Worskhop of the Hydrozoan Society, Porto Cesareo (Lecce), 10 - 18 September 2010, pp. 11." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Onofri
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA899C9093AD78DF979" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the eumedusoids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFE7FFA89DAA09DED542F979" box="[491,635,1686,1711]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cytaeididae" genus="Perarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schneideri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89DAA09DED542F979" box="[491,635,1686,1711]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. schneideri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are able to transform back to the polyp stage (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFE7FFA898C009DFD261F979" author="Piraino" box="[1153,1368,1686,1711]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Piraino, S., De Vito, D., Schmich, J., Bouillon, J. & Boero, F. (2004) Reverse Development in Cnidaria. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 82 (11), 1748 - 1754. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 04 - 174" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Piraino
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA8989D09DED22DF979" box="[1244,1300,1686,1711]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFE7FFA89C8609F3D6B2F8E9" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFE7FFA89C8609F3D6B2F8E9" blockId="17.[151,1437,966,1855]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89C8609F3D669F905" bold="true" box="[199,336,1722,1747]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">References.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFE7FFA89D1909F3D556F905" author="Motz-Kossowska" box="[344,623,1722,1747]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Motz-Kossowska, S. (1905) Contribution a la connaissance des hydraires de la Mediterranee occidentale. I. - Hydraires Gymnoblastiques. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, Serie 4, 3, 39 - 98." type="journal article" year="1905">Motz-Kossowska (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFE7FFA89ED909F2D49CF905" box="[664,933,1722,1747]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Perigonimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schneideri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89ED909F2D49CF905" box="[664,933,1722,1747]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Perigonimus schneideri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFE7FFA89FF409F3D361F905" author="Billard" box="[949,1112,1722,1747]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Billard, A. (1936) Les fonds de peche pres d'Alexandrie. VI. Hydroidea. Notes and Memoires Ministere du Commerce et de l'Industrie, Egypte, 13, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1936">Billard (1936)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFE7FFA8982409F3D236F905" author="Picard" box="[1125,1295,1722,1747]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Picard, J. (1958 a) Origines et affinites de la faune d'hydropolypes (Gymnoblastes et Calyptoblastes) et d'hydromeduses (Anthomeduses et Leptomeduses) de la Mediterranee. Rapports et proces verbaux des Reunions de la Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee Monaco, 14, 187 - 199." type="journal article" year="1958" yearSuffix="a">Picard (1958a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFE7FFA8995D09F3D7DAF921" author="Bavestrello" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Bavestrello, G. (1985) Idroidi simbionti di paguri e gastropodi nella riviera Ligure di Levante. In: Atti del XVI. Congresso nazionale della Societa italiana di Biologia marina (Lecce, 25 - 30 Settembre 1984). Oebalia, New Series, 11 (1), pp. 349 - 362." type="journal article" year="1985">Bavestrello (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFE7FFA89CB10996D6DCF921" author="Boero" box="[240,485,1758,1783]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Gili (1986),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFE7FFA89E3F0997D46AF921" author="Llobet" box="[638,851,1758,1783]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Llobet, I., Gili, J. M. & Barange, M. (1986) Estudio de una poblacion de hidropolipos epibiontes de Halimeda tuna. Study of a population of epibiont hydropolyps on Halimeda tuna. Miscelanea Zoologica Barcelona, 10, 33 - 43." type="journal article" year="1986">
|
||
Llobet
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89E8F0996D439F921" box="[718,768,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1986
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFE7FFA89F1F0996D4A0F921" author="Llobet" box="[862,921,1759,1783]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Llobet, I., Gili, J. M. & Hughes, R. G. (1991) Horizontal, vertical and seasonal distributions of epiphytic Hydrozoa on the alga Halimeda tuna in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Marine Biology Berlin, 110 (1), 151 - 159. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 01313102" type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFE7FFA89FEF0997D39FF921" box="[942,1190,1758,1783]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Balduzzi, A., Bianchi, C. N., Burlando, B., Cattaneo Vietti, R., Manconi, R., Morri, C., Pansini, M., Pronzato, R. & Sara, M. (1995) Zoobenthos di substrato duro delle Isole di Capraia e del Giglio (Arcipelago Toscano). Atti della Societa Toscana di Scienze naturali, Memorie, Supplement 102, 123 - 135." type="book chapter">
|
||
Balduzzi
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA898580996D36BF921" box="[1049,1106,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1995)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFE7FFA898F30997D2AEF921" box="[1202,1431,1758,1783]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Piraino, S., Brandini, E., Denitto, F., Esposito, L. & Avian, M. (1999) La diversita degli Cnidari nella riserva marina di Ustica. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 6 (1), 272 - 274." type="journal article">
|
||
Piraino
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA8994B0996D202F921" box="[1290,1339,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1999)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFE7FFA89CD6084BD68DF8CD" box="[151,436,1794,1819]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Bavestrello, G., Puce, S., Cerrano, C. & Balduzzi, A. (2000) Life history of Perarella schneideri (Hydrozoa, Cytaeididae) in the Ligurian Sea. In: Mills, C. E., Boero, F., Migotto, A. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), pp. 141 - 146." type="journal article">
|
||
Bavestrello
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89D63084AD667F8CD" box="[290,350,1794,1819]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(all as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFE7FFA89E52084BD5C4F8CD" ID-CoL="773NZ" box="[531,765,1794,1819]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cytaeididae" genus="Perarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schneideri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89E52084BD5C4F8CD" box="[531,765,1794,1819]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Perarella schneideri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89FC7084AD4FBF8CD" box="[902,962,1794,1819]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004), De Vito (2006), Gravili (2006),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFE7FFA89CD6086FD6BEF8E9" box="[151,391,1830,1855]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFE7FFA89CAC086ED61CF8E9" box="[237,293,1830,1855]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |