347 lines
37 KiB
XML
347 lines
37 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="87CD07E2C1756661A74DF003A623714D">The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BCB240B9A850C4F9E3406CCFED585CBD">Gravili, Cinzia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C0C1E9F4BDFEE7C88DFB7F63C42DF79D">Vito, Doris De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D3E2E4F4328ADAB4C60BFC6E0E205140">Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4EEF09D07C2F4E1CE17F65D11621E5BD">Martell, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="55E4BF2E0E93B68AD8B5DEA03F6CC6BD">Piraino, Stefano</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E7022B2D37032D62DE2148202B67954E">Boero, Ferdinando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C6FE7D469DA9929AA31A07D0D473CCB4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="51D3C92117CD17A684CD2E03DC2629A6">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CA27D128EBCB6F67C9A3F6661DD1DE3C">3908</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="1B500A7DD16D9A065C7BBC413CDA8108" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3908.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F887DEFFB1FFF09CD60CA4D6B9FE22" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6107053" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119591102" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6107053" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F887DEFFB1FFF09CD60CA4D6B9FE22" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F887DEFFB1FFF09CD60CA4D6B9FE22" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFB1FFFE9CD60CA4D546FBB8" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFB1FFFE9CD60CA4D539FBD1" blockId="71.[151,512,1005,1064]" box="[151,512,1005,1031]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<heading id="D0A681A4FFB1FFFE9CD60CA4D539FBD1" bold="true" box="[151,512,1005,1031]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFB1FFFE9CD60CA4D539FBD1" ID-CoL="5CVYR" authority="Gosse, 1853" authorityName="Gosse" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,512,1005,1031]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleidae" genus="Zanclea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sessilis">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB1FFFE9CD60CA4D539FBD1" bold="true" box="[151,512,1005,1031]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB1FFFE9CD60CA4D66AFBD1" bold="true" box="[151,339,1005,1031]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Zanclea sessilis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB1FFFE9D230CA4D6C1FBD1" author="Gosse" box="[354,504,1005,1031]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Gosse, P. H. (1853) A naturalist's rambles on the Devonshire coast. John van Voorst, London, i - xvi, 451 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745485709495025" type="book" year="1853">Gosse, 1853</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFB1FFFE9CD60B46D62DFBFE" blockId="71.[151,512,1005,1064]" box="[151,276,1039,1064]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<figureCitation id="136A2A4DFFB1FFFE9CD60B46D7DFFBFE" box="[151,230,1039,1064]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="72.[151,250,1329,1351]" captionTargetBox="[507,1085,208,1304]" captionTargetId="figure@72.[500,1093,204,1311]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURE 49. Zanclea sessilis: A, extended, living hydranth; B, the same, contracted; C, reduced living hydranth, bearing medusa buds (A, B, C same scale bar); D, hydroid, undischarged macrobasic euryteles in “ frontal ” and “ lateral ” view; E, the same, discharged; F, hydroid, undischarged stenoteles of two sizes (D, E, F, H, I, J same scale bar); G, adult medusa; H, medusa, undischarged macrobasic eurytele; I, the same, discharged; J, medusa, undischarged stenoteles of two sizes (modified after Gravili et al. 1996). Scale bars: A, B, C, 1.0 mm; D, E, F, H, I, J, 10 µm; G, 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242778/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
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A–J
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFB1FFFE9CD60B11D546FBB8" blockId="71.[151,639,1112,1134]" box="[151,639,1112,1134]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">See Schuchert (2010) for a complete synonymy.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFB1FFFE9CD60BD3D59AFB01" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFB1FFFE9CD60BD3D59AFB01" blockId="71.[151,1437,1178,2031]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB1FFFE9CD60BD3D6BBFB65" bold="true" box="[151,386,1178,1203]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Material examined.</emphasis>
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HCUS-S 0 54 and HCUS-S 0 55 (Hydrozoa Collection, University of Salento—fauna of the Salento Peninsula)—polyp and medusa stages.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFB1FFF19C860BABD63EF8BC" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFB1FFFE9C860BABD246FB2D" blockId="71.[151,1437,1178,2031]" box="[199,1407,1250,1275]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB1FFFE9C860BABD668FB2D" bold="true" box="[199,337,1250,1275]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Description</emphasis>
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(based on our own observations;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB1FFFE9E8A0BABD4A5FB2D" author="Gravili" box="[715,924,1250,1275]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Bouillon, J. (1996) Zanclea species (Hydroidomedusae, Anthomedusae) from the Mediterranean. In: Piraino, S., Boero, F., Bouillon, J., Cornelius, P. F. S. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Advances in Hydrozoan Biology. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), pp. 99 - 108." type="journal article" year="1996">
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Gravili
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB1FFFE9F600BADD463FB2D" box="[801,858,1250,1275]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
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1996
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</bibRefCitation>
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; Boero
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB1FFFE9FB20BADD312FB2D" box="[1011,1067,1250,1275]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
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2000; Schuchert 2010, 2012):
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFB1FFFE9C860A4FD212FA05" blockId="71.[151,1437,1178,2031]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB1FFFE9C860A4FD60AFAC9" bold="true" box="[199,307,1286,1311]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Hydroid.</emphasis>
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Hydrorhiza reticular, covered by the bryozoan skeleton in the central part of the colony and uncovered at its margin; colonies stolonal; hydrocaulus as hydranth pedicel, short, covered by thin perisarc, encrusted by sediment particles, not annulated; hydranth cylindrical; 4–6 oral capitate tentacles; 20–40 aboral capitate tentacles, scattered on the distal half or three quarters of hydranth column; medusa buds in clusters, growing below the tentacled part of the hydranth, fertile hydranths gradually decreasing in size and tentacle number. Colours: perisarc whitish; hypostome milk white, column transparent, with reddish gastric wall.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFB1FFFE9C860A97D7E1F9CD" blockId="71.[151,1437,1178,2031]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB1FFFE9C860A97D65FFA21" bold="true" box="[199,358,1502,1527]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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Habitat
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<typeStatus id="54EA886AFFB1FFFE9D6A0A97D659FA21" box="[299,352,1502,1527]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">type</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Only on cheilostomate Bryozoa (depth range:
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<quantity id="4CA99B2DFFB1FFFE9F3E0A97D4EFFA21" box="[895,982,1502,1527]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="30.5" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="1.0">1–60 m</quantity>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB1FFFE9FAE0A97D3C4FA21" author="Brinckmann-Voss" box="[1007,1277,1502,1527]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1970) Anthomedusae / Athecata (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the Mediterranean. Part I. Capitata. Fauna Flora Golfo di Napoli, 39, 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="1970">Brinckmann-Voss 1970</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB1FFFE994B0A97D7E9F9CD" author="Gravili" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Bouillon, J. (1996) Zanclea species (Hydroidomedusae, Anthomedusae) from the Mediterranean. In: Piraino, S., Boero, F., Bouillon, J., Cornelius, P. F. S. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Advances in Hydrozoan Biology. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), pp. 99 - 108." type="journal article" year="1996">
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Gravili
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB1FFFE99230A96D2A5FA21" box="[1378,1436,1502,1527]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
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1996
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFB1FFFE9C86096FD628F9B4" blockId="71.[151,1437,1178,2031]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB1FFFE9C86096FD678F9E9" bold="true" box="[199,321,1574,1599]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Substrate.</emphasis>
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The bryozoa
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFB1FFFE9DAD096FD5EAF9E8" box="[492,723,1574,1599]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Cellepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB1FFFE9DAD096FD5EAF9E8" box="[492,723,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Cellepora pumicosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFB1FFFE9EA7096FD330F9E9" box="[742,1033,1574,1599]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Turbicellepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="avicularis">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB1FFFE9EA7096FD330F9E9" box="[742,1033,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Turbicellepora avicularis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFB1FFFE985D096ED352F9E8" box="[1052,1131,1575,1598]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Beaniidae" genus="Beania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB1FFFE985D096ED352F9E8" box="[1052,1131,1575,1598]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Beania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp., and
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFB1FFFE98A1096FD633F9B5" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Schizobrachiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sanguinea">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB1FFFE98A1096FD633F9B5" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Schizobrachiella sanguinea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFB1FFFE9C860927D57EF918" blockId="71.[151,1437,1178,2031]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB1FFFE9C860927D66DF951" bold="true" box="[199,340,1646,1671]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Seasonality.</emphasis>
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Along the Mediterranean French coast in October (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB1FFFE9FDA0927D318F951" author="Galea" box="[923,1057,1646,1671]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Galea, H. R. (2007) Hydrozoa, La Ciotat and nearby areas, Mediterranean coast of France. Check List, 3 (3), 193 - 199." type="journal article" year="2007">Galea 2007</bibRefCitation>
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); from February to April (Puce
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB1FFFE99C90926D78DF97D" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
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2009) in the Ligurian Sea; March (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB1FFFE9E7F09DBD429F97D" author="Gravili" box="[574,784,1682,1707]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Bouillon, J. (1996) Zanclea species (Hydroidomedusae, Anthomedusae) from the Mediterranean. In: Piraino, S., Boero, F., Bouillon, J., Cornelius, P. F. S. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Advances in Hydrozoan Biology. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), pp. 99 - 108." type="journal article" year="1996">
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Gravili
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB1FFFE9ED709DDD5FEF97D" box="[662,711,1682,1707]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 1996
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
), and from November to August (De Vito 2006;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB1FFFE997109DBD7CFF919" author="Piraino" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Piraino, S., De Vito, D., Brodbeck, E., Di Camillo, G. C., Fanelli, G. & Boero, F. (2013) Destructive standard squares or lowimpact visually driven collection? A comparison of methods for quantitative samplings of benthic hydrozoans. Italian Journal of Zoology, 80 (3), 424 - 436. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250003.2013.787461" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Piraino
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB1FFFE99C909DDD78DF919" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2013
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
; this study) in Salento waters.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFB1FFFE9C860993D4A0F925" blockId="71.[151,1437,1178,2031]" box="[199,921,1754,1779]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB1FFFE9C860993D6FDF925" bold="true" box="[199,452,1754,1779]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Reproductive period.</emphasis>
|
||
September–October (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB1FFFE9EF80993D4B5F925" author="Gravili" box="[697,908,1754,1779]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Bouillon, J. (1996) Zanclea species (Hydroidomedusae, Anthomedusae) from the Mediterranean. In: Piraino, S., Boero, F., Bouillon, J., Cornelius, P. F. S. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Advances in Hydrozoan Biology. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), pp. 99 - 108." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB1FFFE9F500995D47AF925" box="[785,835,1754,1779]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFB1FFFE9C8609B7D576F838" blockId="71.[151,1437,1178,2031]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB1FFFE9C8609B7D614F8C1" bold="true" box="[199,301,1790,1815]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Medusa.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult. Similar to young one but larger, with bell-shaped or almost spherical umbrella, lateral walls evenly thin, mesoglea slightly thicker at the apex; exumbrellar nematocyst pads elongated to a linear swelling reaching from bulbs halfway up the bell, containing 16–20 capsules mostly in a single row; manubrium reaching almost to velum level; mouth simple, circular; with 4 simple radial canals; male gonads in 4 interradial masses, female animals with few eggs (1–3 per interradius); bulbs unequally developed, with spots; 0, 2 or 4 marginal tentacles, 12–13 times as long as exumbrella, with numerous abaxial cnidophores; without ocelli. Colours: bell greenish, bulbs with red pigment spots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2E6640FFBEFFF19CD60A78D318FA17" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242778/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" targetBox="[507,1085,208,1304]" targetPageId="72">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFBEFFF19CD60A78D318FA17" blockId="72.[151,1436,1329,1473]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBEFFF19CD60A78D61AFA90" bold="true" box="[151,291,1329,1351]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">FIGURE 49.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFBEFFF19D6D0A78D6E9FA91" box="[300,464,1329,1351]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleidae" genus="Zanclea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sessilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBEFFF19D6D0A78D6E9FA91" box="[300,464,1329,1351]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Zanclea sessilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBEFFF19DA10A78D6CBFA90" bold="true" box="[480,498,1329,1350]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">A</emphasis>
|
||
, extended, living hydranth;
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBEFFF19F5C0A78D417FA90" bold="true" box="[797,814,1329,1350]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">B</emphasis>
|
||
, the same, contracted;
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBEFFF198640A78D30EFA91" bold="true" box="[1061,1079,1329,1351]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">C</emphasis>
|
||
, reduced living hydranth, bearing medusa buds (A, B, C same scale bar);
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBEFFF19E710A19D57BFAB3" bold="true" box="[560,578,1360,1381]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">D</emphasis>
|
||
, hydroid, undischarged macrobasic euryteles in “frontal” and “lateral” view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBEFFF1991F0A19D256FAB3" bold="true" box="[1374,1391,1360,1381]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">E</emphasis>
|
||
, the same, discharged;
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBEFFF19D180A26D65FFA52" bold="true" box="[345,358,1391,1412]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">F</emphasis>
|
||
, hydroid, undischarged stenoteles of two sizes (D, E, F, H, I, J same scale bar);
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBEFFF198870A27D3EEFA52" bold="true" box="[1222,1239,1390,1412]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">G</emphasis>
|
||
, adult medusa;
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBEFFF199C30A26D2AFFA52" bold="true" box="[1410,1430,1391,1412]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">H</emphasis>
|
||
, medusa, undischarged macrobasic eurytele;
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBEFFF19E170AC4D559FA74" bold="true" box="[598,608,1421,1442]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">I</emphasis>
|
||
, the same, discharged;
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBEFFF19F0F0AC4D462FA74" bold="true" box="[846,859,1421,1442]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">J</emphasis>
|
||
, medusa, undischarged stenoteles of two sizes (modified after Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBEFFF19D5B0AE5D674FA17" box="[282,333,1451,1473]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996). Scale bars: A, B, C, 1.0 mm; D, E, F, H, I, J, 10 µm; G, 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFBEFFF19C860AA0D3FBF90C" blockId="72.[151,1437,1513,2006]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Developmental stages. Newly released medusa almost spherical; 4 perradial, oval nematocyst buttons on exumbrella, containing stenoteles; manubrium simple, tubular, spanning about half of the subumbrellar cavity; mouth surrounded by some stenoteles; 4 radial canals, well visible, usually in middle region with somewhat irregular outline due to thickened walls; no gonads visible; radial canals end in 4 marginal bulbs, one opposite pair large, the other very small; each large bulb bearing one long, tapering, contractile tentacle, three times as long as exumbrella when fully extended, with up to 50 cnidophores, all on one side of tentacles, contractile, each usually with three macrobasic euryteles (2–5 range) and rarely a stenotele, distally with very long cilia.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFBEFFF19C8609ADD63EF8BC" blockId="72.[151,1437,1513,2006]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBEFFF19C8609ADD602F92B" bold="true" box="[199,315,1764,1789]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Cnidome.</emphasis>
|
||
Apotrichous macrobasic euryteles with shaft coiled in a horseshoe shape or the Greek letter alpha (α), disposed in circle in between oral tentacles and in hydrorhiza, rare in hydranth column; stenoteles of two sizes in tentacle capitations (polyp); two size-classes of stenoteles, telotrichous macrobasic euryteles in cnidophores (medusa).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFBEFFF09C86083DD3EBFF03" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFBEFFF19C86083DD66EF803" blockId="72.[151,1437,1513,2006]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBEFFF19C86083DD659F85B" bold="true" box="[199,352,1908,1933]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Atlantic, Mediterranean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBEFFF19EDE083CD408F85B" author="Gosse" box="[671,817,1908,1933]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Gosse, P. H. (1853) A naturalist's rambles on the Devonshire coast. John van Voorst, London, i - xvi, 451 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745485709495025" type="book" year="1853">Gosse 1853</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBEFFF19F06083DD36DF85B" author="Russell" box="[839,1108,1908,1933]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Russell, F. S. & Rees, W. J. (1936) On rearing the hydroid Zanclea implexa and its medusa Zanclea gemmosa with a review of the genus Zanclea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 21 (1), 107 - 129. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 002531540001122 x" type="journal article" year="1936">Russell & Rees 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBEFFF19828083DD232F85B" author="Teissier" box="[1129,1291,1908,1933]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Teissier, G. (1965) Inventaire de la faune marine de Roscoff. Cnidaires-Ctenaires. Editions de la Station Biologique de Roscoff, 16, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1965">Teissier 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBEFFF19960083FD2AEF85B" author="Fey" box="[1313,1431,1909,1934]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Fey, A. (1970) Peuplements sessiles de l'archipel de Glenan. 1. - Inventaire: hydraires. Vie Milieu, B 20 (2), 387 - 414." type="journal article" year="1970">Fey 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBEFFF19CD608D0D690F867" author="Brinckmann-Voss" box="[151,425,1945,1970]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1970) Anthomedusae / Athecata (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the Mediterranean. Part I. Capitata. Fauna Flora Golfo di Napoli, 39, 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="1970">Brinckmann-Voss 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBEFFF19DFD08D0D59BF864" author="Gravili" box="[444,674,1945,1970]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Bouillon, J. (1996) Zanclea species (Hydroidomedusae, Anthomedusae) from the Mediterranean. In: Piraino, S., Boero, F., Bouillon, J., Cornelius, P. F. S. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Advances in Hydrozoan Biology. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), pp. 99 - 108." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBEFFF19E5808D3D560F864" box="[537,601,1945,1970]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBEFFF19EF508D0D5C4F867" author="Gravili" box="[692,765,1945,1969]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">2008a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBEFFF19F4E08D0D3B2F864" author="Medel" box="[783,1163,1945,1970]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Medel, M. D. & Lopez-Gonzalez, P. J. (1996) Updated catalogue of the Hydrozoans from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands with remarks on zoogeography and affinities. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), 183 - 209." type="journal article" year="1996">Medel & López-González 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBEFFF1994F08D3D277F864" box="[1294,1358,1945,1970]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004; Schuchert 2010).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFBFFFF09C860FDED3EBFF03" blockId="73.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBFFFF09C860FDED694FF66" bold="true" box="[199,429,151,176]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Records in Salento.</emphasis>
|
||
Rare at: La Strea, S.ta Caterina, Ionian Apulian coast (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBFFFF098500FDED3DAFF66" author="Gravili" box="[1041,1251,151,176]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Bouillon, J. (1996) Zanclea species (Hydroidomedusae, Anthomedusae) from the Mediterranean. In: Piraino, S., Boero, F., Bouillon, J., Cornelius, P. F. S. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Advances in Hydrozoan Biology. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), pp. 99 - 108." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBFFFF098280FD0D3A3FF66" box="[1129,1178,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBFFFF098B60FDED7EDFF02" author="Miglietta" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Miglietta, M. P., Della Tommasa, L., Denitto, F., Gravili, C., Pagliara, P., Bouillon, J. & Boero, F. (2000) Approaches to the ethology of hydroids and medusae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). In: Mills, C. E., Boero, F., Migotto, A. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), pp. 63 - 71. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 163" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Miglietta
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBFFFF099250FD0D2ACFF66" box="[1380,1429,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Otranto (De Vito 2006; Gravili 2006;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBFFFF09ECE0FF5D454FF02" author="Gravili" box="[655,877,188,213]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBFFFF09EA40FF4D424FF03" box="[741,797,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBFFFF09F360FF5D373FF02" author="Piraino" box="[887,1098,188,213]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Piraino, S., De Vito, D., Brodbeck, E., Di Camillo, G. C., Fanelli, G. & Boero, F. (2013) Destructive standard squares or lowimpact visually driven collection? A comparison of methods for quantitative samplings of benthic hydrozoans. Italian Journal of Zoology, 80 (3), 424 - 436. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250003.2013.787461" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Piraino
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBFFFF09F910FF4D331FF03" box="[976,1032,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; this study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFBFFFF09C860F96D6BCFEB3" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFBFFFF09C860F96D6BCFEB3" blockId="73.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBFFFF09C860F96D602FF2E" bold="true" box="[199,315,223,248]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The whole life cycle was examined in the present study. If disturbed, hydranths bend over their distal part; a double-layered perisarc is due to regeneration (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBFFFF09F380E4DD356FECB" author="Russell" box="[889,1135,260,285]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Russell, F. S. & Rees, W. J. (1936) On rearing the hydroid Zanclea implexa and its medusa Zanclea gemmosa with a review of the genus Zanclea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 21 (1), 107 - 129. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 002531540001122 x" type="journal article" year="1936">Russell & Rees 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Moreover, the studies of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBFFFF09CD60E6ED645FE96" box="[151,380,295,320]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Bouillon, J. (1996) Zanclea species (Hydroidomedusae, Anthomedusae) from the Mediterranean. In: Piraino, S., Boero, F., Bouillon, J., Cornelius, P. F. S. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Advances in Hydrozoan Biology. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), pp. 99 - 108." type="journal article">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBFFFF09CAE0E60D613FE96" box="[239,298,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1996)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Boero
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBFFFF09E440E60D506FE96" box="[517,575,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000) have clarified the status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFBFFFF09F950E60D37AFE96" box="[980,1091,295,320]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleidae" genus="Zanclea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sessilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBFFFF09F950E60D37AFE96" box="[980,1091,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Z. sessilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
polyps and established it as a recognizable species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFBFFFF09C860E26D6B9FE22" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFBFFFF09C860E26D6B9FE22" blockId="73.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBFFFF09C860E26D669FE5E" bold="true" box="[199,336,367,392]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">References.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBFFFF09D190E26D5B5FE5E" author="Tregouboff" box="[344,652,367,392]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Tregouboff, G. & Rose, M. (1957) Manuel de Planctonologie Mediterraneenne. Tome I & II. C. N. R. S., Paris, 587 pp. & 31 pls. [pls. 62 - 93]." type="book chapter" year="1957">Trégouboff & Rose (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBFFFF09EDB0E26D40FFE5E" author="Picard" box="[666,822,367,392]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Picard, J. (1965) Recherches qualitatives sur les biocoenoses marines des substrats meubles dragables de la Region Marseillaise. In: Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine D'Endoume. Theses presentees a la Faculte des Sciences de l'Universite d'Aix-Marseille, 52 (36), pp. 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1965">Picard (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBFFFF09F050E26D359FE5E" author="Brinckmann-Voss" box="[836,1120,367,392]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1970) Anthomedusae / Athecata (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the Mediterranean. Part I. Capitata. Fauna Flora Golfo di Napoli, 39, 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="1970">Brinckmann-Voss (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFBFFFF098CB0E38D7DAFE7B" ID-CoL="5CVXV" authority="Gravili et al. (1996)" authorityName="Gravili et al." authorityYear="1996" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleidae" genus="Zanclea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="costata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBFFFF098CB0E38D3C3FE5E" box="[1162,1274,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Z. costata</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBFFFF0994B0E26D7DAFE7B" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Bouillon, J. (1996) Zanclea species (Hydroidomedusae, Anthomedusae) from the Mediterranean. In: Piraino, S., Boero, F., Bouillon, J., Cornelius, P. F. S. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Advances in Hydrozoan Biology. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), pp. 99 - 108." type="journal article">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBFFFF099230E38D2ACFE5E" box="[1378,1429,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1996)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBFFFF09CB00EDDD556FE7B" author="Medel" box="[241,623,404,429]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Medel, M. D. & Lopez-Gonzalez, P. J. (1996) Updated catalogue of the Hydrozoans from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands with remarks on zoogeography and affinities. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), 183 - 209." type="journal article" year="1996">Medel & López-González (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Boero
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBFFFF09E8B0EDCD43DFE7B" box="[714,772,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBFFFF09F260EDDD35FFE7A" box="[871,1126,404,429]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Miglietta, M. P., Della Tommasa, L., Denitto, F., Gravili, C., Pagliara, P., Bouillon, J. & Boero, F. (2000) Approaches to the ethology of hydroids and medusae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). In: Mills, C. E., Boero, F., Migotto, A. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), pp. 63 - 71. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 163" type="journal article">
|
||
Miglietta
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBFFFF09F970EDCD329FE7B" box="[982,1040,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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, Bouillon
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBFFFF0989F0EDCD221FE7B" box="[1246,1304,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al.</emphasis>
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(2004), De Vito (2006), Gravili (2006),
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBFFFF09DA60EFED5B8FE06" author="Galea" box="[487,641,439,464]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Galea, H. R. (2007) Hydrozoa, La Ciotat and nearby areas, Mediterranean coast of France. Check List, 3 (3), 193 - 199." type="journal article" year="2007">Galea (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBFFFF09ED00EFED4B4FE06" box="[657,909,439,464]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article">
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Gravili
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBFFFF09EAD0EF0D410FE06" box="[748,809,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al.</emphasis>
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(2008a)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, Puce
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBFFFF09F9E0EF0D325FE06" box="[991,1052,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al.</emphasis>
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(2009), Schuchert (2010, 2012),
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFBFFFF09CD60E95D642FE22" box="[151,379,476,501]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Piraino, S., De Vito, D., Brodbeck, E., Di Camillo, G. C., Fanelli, G. & Boero, F. (2013) Destructive standard squares or lowimpact visually driven collection? A comparison of methods for quantitative samplings of benthic hydrozoans. Italian Journal of Zoology, 80 (3), 424 - 436. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250003.2013.787461" type="journal article">
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Piraino
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFBFFFF09CAE0E94D61EFE23" box="[239,295,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al.</emphasis>
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(2013)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |