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<document id="ACFF609518F0AC696148CA74845329D9" ID-CLB-Dataset="42365" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3908.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6f1d1977-6b97-4789-828c-76ed250cf1ae" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="242729" ID-ZooBank="D6AD2B49-170B-4D9C-84AA-DBE0FEEAD8BE" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460936415633" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gravili, Cinzia, Vito, Doris De, Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di, Martell, Luis, Piraino, Stefano &amp; Boero, Ferdinando" docDate="2015" docId="03F887DEFFA0FFEE9CD60D6DD54BFC72" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03908p187.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3908 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Eutima gracilis Forbes &amp; Goodsir 1851" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="88" masterDocId="FFC1FFA6FFF6FFB99C410F49D739FFD6" masterDocTitle="The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide" masterLastPageNumber="187" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1698583517399" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A7FA6122690E5BFF045F193FFADF05AF">The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="04166AD64DC95237249B4616D994BCB6">Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFA0FFEF9CD60D6DD449FD72" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFA0FFEF9CD60D6DD5ACFDE8" blockId="86.[151,661,548,607]" box="[151,661,548,574]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<heading id="D0A681A4FFA0FFEF9CD60D6DD5ACFDE8" bold="true" box="[151,661,548,574]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFA0FFEF9CD60D6DD5ACFDE8" ID-CoL="3DDRX" authority="Forbes &amp; Goodsir, 1851" authorityName="Forbes &amp; Goodsir" authorityYear="1851" box="[151,661,548,574]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eirenidae" genus="Eutima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA0FFEF9CD60D6DD5ACFDE8" bold="true" box="[151,661,548,574]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA0FFEF9CD60D6DD668FDE8" bold="true" box="[151,337,548,574]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Eutima gracilis</emphasis>
(Forbes &amp; Goodsir, 1851)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFA0FFEF9CD60D0FD622FD88" blockId="86.[151,661,548,607]" box="[151,283,582,607]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<figureCitation id="136A2A4DFFA0FFEF9CD60D0FD7DEFD89" box="[151,231,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="86.[151,250,1394,1416]" captionTargetBox="[246,1341,733,1367]" captionTargetId="figure@86.[241,1347,729,1373]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 60. Eutima gracilis: A, hydranth with gonangium; B, adult medusa (redrawn and modified: A after Russell 1970, B after Russell 1953 by A. Gennari). Scale bars: A, magnification unknown; B, 6.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242789/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
A, B
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFA0FFEF9CD60DC7D449FD72" blockId="86.[151,880,654,676]" box="[151,880,654,676]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
See
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA0FFEF9C830DC6D668FD72" author="Kramp" box="[194,337,654,676]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1961) Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 40, 1 - 469. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400007347" type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp (1961)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA0FFEF9DC20DC7D528FD72" author="Russell" box="[387,529,654,676]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refString="Russell, F. S. (1953) The medusae of the British Isles, Anthomedusae, Leptomedusae, Limnomedusae, Trachymedusae and Narcomedusae. London, Cambridge University Press, 530 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 119.3095.562" type="book" year="1953">Russell (1953</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA0FFEF9E5A0DC7D563FD72" author="Russell" box="[539,602,654,676]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refString="Russell, F. S. (1970) The medusae of the British Isles. II. Pelagic Scyphozoa with a supplement to the first volume on hydromedusae. Cambridge University Press, 284 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / iroh. 19710560438" type="book" year="1970" yearSuffix="a">1970a</bibRefCitation>
) for a complete synonymy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF2E6640FFA0FFEF9CD60A3BD4C7FA71" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242789/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" targetBox="[246,1341,733,1367]" targetPageId="86">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFA0FFEF9CD60A3BD4C7FA71" blockId="86.[151,1436,1394,1447]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA0FFEF9CD60A3BD619FA51" bold="true" box="[151,288,1394,1416]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">FIGURE 60.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFA0FFEF9D660A3AD6FDFA5E" box="[295,452,1394,1416]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eirenidae" genus="Eutima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA0FFEF9D660A3AD6FDFA5E" box="[295,452,1394,1416]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Eutima gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA0FFEF9D920A3BD6DCFA51" bold="true" box="[467,485,1394,1415]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
, hydranth with gonangium;
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA0FFEF9F460A3BD421FA51" bold="true" box="[775,792,1394,1415]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
, adult medusa (redrawn and modified: A after Russell 1970, B after Russell 1953 by A. Gennari). Scale bars: A, magnification unknown; B, 6.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFA0FFEF9CD60A9AD688F9C6" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFA0FFEF9CD60A9AD688F9C6" blockId="86.[151,1436,1491,2020]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA0FFEF9CD60A9AD6B4FA3A" bold="true" box="[151,397,1491,1516]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Material examined.</emphasis>
HCUS-S 0 67 (Hydrozoa Collection, University of Salento—fauna of the Salento Peninsula)—polyp stage.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFA0FFEE9C860952D205FDCE" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFA0FFEF9C860952D5C0F9E2" blockId="86.[151,1436,1491,2020]" box="[199,761,1563,1588]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA0FFEF9C860952D668F9E2" bold="true" box="[199,337,1563,1588]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Description</emphasis>
(after
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA0FFEF9DDD0952D509F9E2" author="Russell" box="[412,560,1563,1588]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refString="Russell, F. S. (1953) The medusae of the British Isles, Anthomedusae, Leptomedusae, Limnomedusae, Trachymedusae and Narcomedusae. London, Cambridge University Press, 530 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 119.3095.562" type="book" year="1953">Russell 1953</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA0FFEF9E7D0952D5D4F9E2" author="Cornelius" box="[572,749,1563,1588]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1995) NorthWest European Thecate Hydroids and their Medusae. Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, pt. 1 &amp; 2, 1 - 347 &amp; 1 - 386." type="journal article" year="1995">Cornelius 1995</bibRefCitation>
):
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFA0FFEF9C860976D204F976" blockId="86.[151,1436,1491,2020]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA0FFEF9C860976D60AF98E" bold="true" box="[199,307,1599,1624]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hydroid.</emphasis>
Hydranths of
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFA0FFEF9D9B0976D54BF98E" box="[474,626,1599,1624]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA0FFEF9D9B0976D54BF98E" box="[474,626,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Campanulina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54EA886AFFA0FFEF9E3A0909D597F98E" box="[635,686,1600,1624]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">type</typeStatus>
, cylindrical, long, with blue pigment granules just below tentacle whorl; about 28 tentacles in a single whorl united by a large membranous basal web; hydrothecae lacking or strongly reduced; gonothecae cylindrical, with truncate end, long, containing up to 8 developing medusae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFA0FFEF9C8609E2D558F93E" blockId="86.[151,1436,1491,2020]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA0FFEF9C8609E2D534F912" bold="true" box="[199,525,1707,1732]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Habitat
<typeStatus id="54EA886AFFA0FFEF9D6809E2D664F912" box="[297,349,1707,1732]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">type</typeStatus>
and substrate.
</emphasis>
Sedimentary environment (depth range
<quantity id="4CA99B2DFFA0FFEF9F9109E2D311F912" box="[976,1064,1707,1732]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="m" value="7.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="0.0">015 m</quantity>
), on
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFA0FFEF981F09E2D274F912" box="[1118,1357,1707,1732]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Cladophoraceae" genus="Chaetomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cladophorales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="linum">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA0FFEF981F09E2D274F912" box="[1118,1357,1707,1732]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Chaetomorpha linum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(alga), sediment/
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFA0FFEF9D450999D564F93E" authority="Barange &amp; Gili 1987" authorityName="Barange &amp; Gili" authorityYear="1987" box="[260,605,1743,1768]" class="Liliopsida" family="Ruppiaceae" genus="Ruppia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA0FFEF9D450999D66CF931" box="[260,341,1744,1767]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Ruppia</emphasis>
(Barangé &amp; Gili 1987)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFA0FFEF9C8609BAD6BCF8E6" blockId="86.[151,1436,1491,2020]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA0FFEF9C8609BAD66DF8DA" bold="true" box="[199,340,1779,1804]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Seasonality.</emphasis>
February, AprilDecember in the Mediterranean Sea (Bouillon
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA0FFEF980509BDD3B8F8DA" box="[1092,1153,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
2004;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA0FFEF989909BAD7EAF8E6" author="Moscatello" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refString="Moscatello, S., Rubino, F., Saracino, O. D., Fanelli, G., Belmonte, G. &amp; Boero, F. (2004) Plankton biodiversity around the Salento Peninsula (South East Italy): an integrated water / sediment approach. Scientia Marina, 68 (Supplement 1), 85 - 102. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2004.68 s 185" type="journal article" year="2004">
Moscatello
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA0FFEF991E09BDD2ACF8DA" box="[1375,1429,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
; De Vito 2006).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFA0FFEF9C860872D46BF882" blockId="86.[151,1436,1491,2020]" box="[199,850,1851,1876]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA0FFEF9C860872D6FDF882" bold="true" box="[199,452,1851,1876]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Reproductive period.</emphasis>
Unknow in the Mediterranean Sea.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFA0FFEE9C860816D2B5FECB" blockId="86.[151,1436,1491,2020]" lastBlockId="87.[151,1437,151,933]" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA0FFEF9C860816D614F8AE" bold="true" box="[199,301,1887,1912]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Medusa.</emphasis>
Adult. Umbrella almost hemispherical when fully grown, up to
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wide (exceptionally to
<quantity id="4CA99B2DFFA0FFEF99C10829D7FEF84A" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
), mesoglea thick, watchglass-like; manubrium cross-shaped in transverse section, short, mounted on extremely long, narrow gastric peduncle extending far beyond bell margin and with small conical base; mouth with 4 small, simple lips; 4 straight radial canals and circular canal narrow; 4 gonads, same in colour as manubrium, restricted to portion of gastric peduncle, extending almost from base of peduncle to manubrium; velum fairly narrow; marginal bulbs not distinct; 24 (sometimes more) long perradial marginal tentacles; 4080 or more marginal warts with fine black pigment granules; usually one lateral cirrus on each side of every tentacle and wart; 8 statocysts. Colours: mesoglea usually highly transparent, but colouration possibly due to local diet; manubrium pale pink or greenish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFA1FFEE9C860E6ED4AFFE23" blockId="87.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
Developmental stages. Umbrella high and bell-shaped when young, expanding laterally to become just flatter than hemispherical when fully grown, the smallest described stage is only 0.5 mm in height; manubrium short and no peduncle; mouth with 4 small lips; 4 radial canals and ring canal narrow; no signs of gonads; 2 opposite perradial marginal bulbs or swellings, one of which with a short lateral cirrus; 4 interradial and 8 adradial bulbs or swellings without lateral cirri; 8 marginal vesicles situated adradially, each with a single concretion (for more details about developmental stages of this species see
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA1FFEE9EB50E95D4B0FE23" author="Russell" box="[756,905,476,501]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Russell, F. S. (1953) The medusae of the British Isles, Anthomedusae, Leptomedusae, Limnomedusae, Trachymedusae and Narcomedusae. London, Cambridge University Press, 530 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 119.3095.562" type="book" year="1953">Russell 1953</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA1FFEE9C860EB6D602FDCE" bold="true" box="[199,315,511,536]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Cnidome.</emphasis>
Atrichous, basitrichous, and merotrichous isorhizas; sometimes microbasic mastigophores.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFA1FFEE9C860D6DD3F0FD7E" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFA1FFEE9C860D6DD7D9FD52" blockId="87.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA1FFEE9C860D6DD659FDEB" bold="true" box="[199,352,548,573]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Distribution.</emphasis>
Atlantic, Indo-Pacific?, Mediterranean (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA1FFEE9F030D6DD4D9FDEB" author="Russell" box="[834,992,548,573]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Russell, F. S. (1953) The medusae of the British Isles, Anthomedusae, Leptomedusae, Limnomedusae, Trachymedusae and Narcomedusae. London, Cambridge University Press, 530 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 119.3095.562" type="book" year="1953">Russell 1953</bibRefCitation>
, 1963; Fraser 1972;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA1FFEE98A30D6DD2AEFDEB" author="Cornelius" box="[1250,1431,548,573]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1995) NorthWest European Thecate Hydroids and their Medusae. Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, pt. 1 &amp; 2, 1 - 347 &amp; 1 - 386." type="journal article" year="1995">Cornelius 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA1FFEE9CD60D0ED53DFDB6" author="Medel" box="[151,516,583,608]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Medel, M. D. &amp; Lopez-Gonzalez, P. J. (1996) Updated catalogue of the Hydrozoans from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands with remarks on zoogeography and affinities. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), 183 - 209." type="journal article" year="1996">Medel &amp; López-González 1996</bibRefCitation>
; Bouillon
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA1FFEE9E3F0D00D580FDB6" box="[638,697,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
2004;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA1FFEE9F4B0D0ED329FDB6" author="Moscatello" box="[778,1040,583,608]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Moscatello, S., Rubino, F., Saracino, O. D., Fanelli, G., Belmonte, G. &amp; Boero, F. (2004) Plankton biodiversity around the Salento Peninsula (South East Italy): an integrated water / sediment approach. Scientia Marina, 68 (Supplement 1), 85 - 102. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2004.68 s 185" type="journal article" year="2004">
Moscatello
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA1FFEE9FD10D00D4FAFDB6" box="[912,963,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA1FFEE985C0D0ED23BFDB6" author="Gravili" box="[1053,1282,583,608]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. &amp; Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Gravili
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA1FFEE98370D00D388FDB6" box="[1142,1201,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
2008a
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA1FFEE994E0D0ED7EDFD52" author="Touzri" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Touzri, C., Yahia, O. K. D., Hamdi, H., Goy, J. &amp; Yahia, M. N. D. (2010) Spatio-temporal distribution of Medusae (Cnidaria) in the Bay of Bizerte (South Western Mediterranean Sea). Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 51, 167 - 176." type="journal article" year="2010">
Touzri
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA1FFEE99230D00D2A5FDB6" box="[1378,1436,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFA1FFEE9C860DC6D3F0FD7E" blockId="87.[151,1437,151,933]" box="[199,1225,655,680]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA1FFEE9C860DC6D697FD7E" bold="true" box="[199,430,655,680]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Records in Salento.</emphasis>
Rare in the Salento Peninsula (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA1FFEE9F4C0DC6D335FD7E" author="Moscatello" box="[781,1036,655,680]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Moscatello, S., Rubino, F., Saracino, O. D., Fanelli, G., Belmonte, G. &amp; Boero, F. (2004) Plankton biodiversity around the Salento Peninsula (South East Italy): an integrated water / sediment approach. Scientia Marina, 68 (Supplement 1), 85 - 102. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2004.68 s 185" type="journal article" year="2004">
Moscatello
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA1FFEE9FD30DD8D4FAFD7E" box="[914,963,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
; De Vito (2006).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFA1FFEE9C860DFDD5CEFCC3" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFA1FFEE9C860DFDD5CEFCC3" blockId="87.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA1FFEE9C860DFDD602FD1B" bold="true" box="[199,315,692,717]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Remarks.</emphasis>
Only the medusa stage was seen in the present study. The hydroid is not known from nature, it was reared by Werner and illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA1FFEE9E6B0D9ED5E4FD26" author="Russell" box="[554,733,727,752]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Russell, F. S. (1970) The medusae of the British Isles. II. Pelagic Scyphozoa with a supplement to the first volume on hydromedusae. Cambridge University Press, 284 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / iroh. 19710560438" type="book" year="1970" yearSuffix="a">Russell (1970a)</bibRefCitation>
. During swimming, the few long tentacles and the long gastric peduncle of the medusa wave together (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA1FFEE9E150DB5D5D2FCC3" author="Russell" box="[596,747,764,789]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Russell, F. S. (1953) The medusae of the British Isles, Anthomedusae, Leptomedusae, Limnomedusae, Trachymedusae and Narcomedusae. London, Cambridge University Press, 530 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 119.3095.562" type="book" year="1953">Russell 1953</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFA1FFEE9C860C56D54BFC72" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFA1FFEE9C860C56D54BFC72" blockId="87.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA1FFEE9C860C56D669FCEE" bold="true" box="[199,336,799,824]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">References.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA1FFEE9D160C56D6C5FCEE" author="Babnik" box="[343,508,799,824]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Babnik, P. (1948) Hidromeduze iz srednjega in junega Jadrana v letih 1939 in 1940. Hydromedusae from the middle and South Adriatic 1939 and 1940. Acta Adriatica, 3 (9), 275 - 340." type="journal article" year="1948">Babnik (1948)</bibRefCitation>
, Russell (1949, 1953, 1970a),
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA1FFEE9F120C69D4CCFCEE" author="Kramp" box="[851,1013,799,824]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1961) Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 40, 1 - 469. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400007347" type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp (1961)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA1FFEE98410C56D388FCEE" author="Benovic" box="[1024,1201,799,824]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Benovic, A. (1973) Idromedusae dell'Adriatico settentrionale nell'anno 1965. Bollettino di Pesca, Piscicoltura e Idrobiologia, 28 (1), 59 - 70." type="journal article" year="1973">Benović (1973)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA1FFEE98FC0C56D7DAFC8A" author="Schmidt" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Schmidt, H. E. &amp; Benovic, A. (1979) Cruises of R / V &quot; Vila Velebita &quot; in the Kvarner region of the Adriatic Sea, XII. Hydromedusae (Cnidaria). Thalassia Jugoslavica, 15 (3 - 4), 193 - 202." type="journal article" year="1979">Schmidt &amp; Benović (1979)</bibRefCitation>
, Benović &amp; Bender (1987),
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA1FFEE9E640C0DD5D8FC8A" author="Goy" box="[549,737,836,861]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Goy, J., Lakkis, S. &amp; Zeidane, R. (1988) Les Meduses de la Mediterranee orientale. Rapports et Proces-Verbaux des Reunions Commision Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee, Monaco, 31 (2), 299." type="journal article" year="1988">
Goy
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA1FFEE9E1C0C0CD5AFFC8B" box="[605,662,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
(1988
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA1FFEE9EAF0C0DD410FC8A" author="Goy" box="[750,809,836,860]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Goy, J., Lakkis, S. &amp; Zeidane, R. (1990) Les Meduses de la Mediterranee orientale. In: Godeaux, J. (Ed.), A propos des migrations lessepsiennes. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique de Monaco, No. Spec. 7, pp. 79 - 88." type="journal article" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA1FFEE9F740C0DD449FC8A" author="Goy" box="[821,880,836,860]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Goy, J., Lakkis, S. &amp; Zeidane, R. (1991) Les meduses (Cnidaria) des eaux Libanaises. The medusae Cnidaria of Lebanese waters. Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique de Monaco, 67 (2), 99 - 128." type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
),
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA1FFEE9FC40C0DD37EFC8A" box="[901,1095,836,861]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Llobet, I., Gili, J. M. &amp; Hughes, R. G. (1991) Horizontal, vertical and seasonal distributions of epiphytic Hydrozoa on the alga Halimeda tuna in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Marine Biology Berlin, 110 (1), 151 - 159. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 01313102" type="journal article">
Gili
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA1FFEE9FF80C0CD4CBFC8B" box="[953,1010,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
(1991)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA1FFEE98120C0DD22DFC8B" author="Cornelius" box="[1107,1300,836,861]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1995) NorthWest European Thecate Hydroids and their Medusae. Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, pt. 1 &amp; 2, 1 - 347 &amp; 1 - 386." type="journal article" year="1995">Cornelius (1995)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA1FFEE99600C0DD615FC56" author="Benovic" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Benovic, A. &amp; Lucic, D. (1996) Comparison of hydromedusae findings in the northern and southern Adriatic Sea. In: Piraino, S., Boero, F., Bouillon, J., Cornelius, P. F. S. &amp; Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Advances in Hydrozoan Biology. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), pp. 129 - 135." type="journal article" year="1996">Benović &amp; Lučić (1996)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA1FFEE9D780C2ED58CFC56" author="Medel" box="[313,693,871,896]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Medel, M. D. &amp; Lopez-Gonzalez, P. J. (1996) Updated catalogue of the Hydrozoans from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands with remarks on zoogeography and affinities. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), 183 - 209." type="journal article" year="1996">Medel &amp; López-González (1996)</bibRefCitation>
, Bouillon
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA1FFEE9F6D0C20D45FFC56" box="[812,870,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
(2004),
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA1FFEE9F890C2ED3E5FC56" box="[968,1244,871,896]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Moscatello, S., Rubino, F., Saracino, O. D., Fanelli, G., Belmonte, G. &amp; Boero, F. (2004) Plankton biodiversity around the Salento Peninsula (South East Italy): an integrated water / sediment approach. Scientia Marina, 68 (Supplement 1), 85 - 102. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2004.68 s 185" type="journal article">
Moscatello
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA1FFEE980C0C20D3B9FC56" box="[1101,1152,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">et al</emphasis>
. (2004)
</bibRefCitation>
, De Vito (2006),
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA1FFEE9CD60CC5D6BFFC72" box="[151,390,908,933]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. &amp; Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article">
Gravili
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA1FFEE9CAC0CC4D61CFC73" box="[237,293,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
(2008a)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFA1FFEE9DD00CC5D557FC72" box="[401,622,908,933]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Touzri, C., Yahia, O. K. D., Hamdi, H., Goy, J. &amp; Yahia, M. N. D. (2010) Spatio-temporal distribution of Medusae (Cnidaria) in the Bay of Bizerte (South Western Mediterranean Sea). Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 51, 167 - 176." type="journal article">
Touzri
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFA1FFEE9DA00CC4D520FC73" box="[481,537,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
(2010)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>