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<document id="F6DBAC94EAC15F3CB7E256C0DADA9CD0" ID-DOI="10.18590/euscorpius.2006.vol2006.iss36.1" ID-ISSN="1536-9307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12781855" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1721360289902" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Colombo, Marco" docDate="2006" docId="03F887C26C0EFF816766F934E101FE51" docLanguage="en" docName="Euscorpius.36.1-40.pdf" docOrigin="Euscorpius 36 (36)" docSource="https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2006/iss36/1/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A.3:Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A" docStyleName="Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Euscorpius alpha Caporiacco 1950" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="FFC1FFBA6C0AFF86664CFF83E60AFFCE" masterDocTitle="New data on distribution and ecology of seven species of Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1721381580369" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="028ED3AFEAC4E74F7393E74C96AC47E6">New data on distribution and ecology of seven species of Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C0EFF826766F934E4B2F900" blockId="4.[298,696,1719,1772]" box="[298,696,1719,1742]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="D0A681B86C0EFF826766F934E4B2F900" box="[298,696,1719,1742]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0EFF826766F934E4B2F900" authority="Caporiacco, 1950" authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityYear="1950" box="[298,696,1719,1742]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpha">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0EFF826766F934E4B2F900" bold="true" box="[298,696,1719,1742]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0EFF826766F934E7E6F900" bold="true" box="[298,492,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Euscorpius alpha</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C0EFF8267BEF934E4B2F900" author="CAPORIACCO" box="[498,696,1719,1742]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="159 - 230" refId="ref17878" refString="CAPORIACCO, L. di. 1950. Le specie e sottospecie del genere Euscorpius viventi in Italia ed in alcune zone confinanti. Memorie dell'Accademia nazionale dei Lincei (ser. 8), 2: 159 - 230." type="journal article" year="1950">Caporiacco, 1950</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C34B655F6C0EFF8267CBF956E32DF8AA" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C0EFF8267CBF956E450F922" blockId="4.[298,696,1719,1772]" box="[391,602,1749,1772]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
(
<figureCitation id="136A2A516C0EFF8267C3F956E7FFF922" box="[399,501,1749,1772]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStartId-0="4.[192,268,1042,1065]" captionStartId-1="5.[192,268,1921,1944]" captionStartId-2="6.[192,268,1702,1725]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1443,189,1000]" captionTargetBox-1="[261,1382,168,1899]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1441,189,1661]" captionTargetId-0="figure-12@4.[192,1440,192,997]" captionTargetId-1="figure-7@5.[264,1379,171,1896]" captionTargetId-2="figure-13@6.[192,1438,192,1658]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="Figure 1: Euscorpius (Alpiscorpius) alpha, adult female, Cislano (Lombardy, Italy) (photo by Giorgio Colombo)." captionText-1="Figure 2: E. alpha forest habitat in Cislano (Lombardy, Italy) (photo by Marco Colombo)." captionText-2="Figure 3: E. alpha collecting sites. Lombardy, Piedmont (Italy) and Ticino (Switzerland): 1. Monte Caslano; 2. Monte San Giorgio; 3. Campione dItalia; 4. Romagnano Sesia; 5. Monte Isola; 6. Cislano; 7. Sombreno; 8. Piani Resinelli; 9. Colico; 10. Brunate; 11. Eupilio." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781857" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781859" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781861" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12781857/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12781859/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/12781861/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Figs. 13</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6D3036F6C0EFF82644DF956E45BF922" box="[513,593,1749,1772]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="7.[76,141,1706,1729]" captionText="Table 3: Euscorpius alpha: specimen and locality data." pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Table 3</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C0EFF8266BCF88CE213FB4A" blockId="4.[192,802,1807,1892]" lastBlockId="4.[830,1442,1102,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
Described as a subspecies
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0EFF826468F88CE4F0F8E8" box="[548,762,1807,1830]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="germanus" subSpecies="alpha">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0EFF826468F88CE4F0F8E8" box="[548,762,1807,1830]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">E. germanus alpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C0EFF82668CF8ADE785F88B" author="CAPORIACCO" box="[192,399,1838,1861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="159 - 230" refId="ref17878" refString="CAPORIACCO, L. di. 1950. Le specie e sottospecie del genere Euscorpius viventi in Italia ed in alcune zone confinanti. Memorie dell'Accademia nazionale dei Lincei (ser. 8), 2: 159 - 230." type="journal article" year="1950">Caporiacco (1950)</bibRefCitation>
, this taxon was elevated to species status by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C0EFF826776F8CEE46AF8AA" author="GANTENBEIN" box="[314,608,1869,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="843 - 869" refId="ref18728" refString="GANTENBEIN, B., V. FET, M. BARKER &amp; A. SCHOLL. 2000. Nuclear and mitochondrial markers reveal the existence of two parapatric scorpion species in the Alps: Euscorpius germanus (C. L. Koch, 1837) and E. alpha Caporiacco, 1950, stat. nov. (Scorpiones, Euscorpiidae). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 107: 843 - 869." type="journal article" year="2000">Gantenbein et al. (2000)</bibRefCitation>
; their molecular analysis showed a 7% DNA divergence between
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0EFF82631AFBCDE58EFB4A" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="germanus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0EFF82631AFBCDE58EFB4A" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">E. germanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0EFF8265F4FBEEE218FB4A" authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityYear="1950" box="[952,1042,1133,1156]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpha">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0EFF8265F4FBEEE218FB4A" box="[952,1042,1133,1156]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">E. alpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C0EFF826522FB08E35FF99E" blockId="4.[830,1442,1102,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
This species is found only in
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C0EFF8262FEFB08E2E9FB6C" box="[1202,1251,1163,1186]" name="Italy" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Italy</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C0EFF826350FB08E393FB6C" box="[1308,1433,1163,1186]" name="Switzerland" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
. In
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C0EFF826512FB29E59BFB0F" box="[862,913,1194,1217]" name="Italy" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Italy</collectingCountry>
, it is recorded from the north (Alpine and Prealpine mountain ranges), as far eastward as Adige River (
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C0EFF826509FB64E265FB30" box="[837,1135,1255,1278]" country="Italy" name="Trentino-Alto Adige" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Trentino-Alto Adige region</collectingRegion>
); beyond this river it is substituted by
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0EFF826588FA85E32EFAD3" authority="(Marcuzzi, 1961)" baseAuthorityName="Marcuzzi" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[964,1316,1286,1309]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="germanus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0EFF826588FA85E258FAD3" box="[964,1106,1286,1309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">E. germanus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C0EFF826224FA85E316FAD3" author="MARCUZZI" box="[1128,1308,1286,1309]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 136" refId="ref19018" refString="MARCUZZI, G. 1961. Supplemento alla fauna delle Dolomiti (aggiunte e commenti). Scorpiones. pp 12 et 94. Memorie / Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, Classe di Scienze Matematiche e Naturali, 32 (2): 1 - 136." type="journal article" year="1961">Marcuzzi, 1961</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. It is also abundant in southern
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C0EFF826278FAA6E2B9FAF2" box="[1076,1203,1317,1340]" name="Switzerland" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C0EFF826284FAA6E396FAF2" author="BRAUNWALDER" box="[1224,1436,1317,1340]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="325 - 344" refId="ref17785" refString="BRAUNWALDER, M. E. 2001. Scorpions of Switzerland: summary of a faunistic survey. Pp. 325 - 344 in: Fet, V. &amp; Selden, P. A. (editors): Scorpions 2001. In memoriam Gary A. Polis. British Arachnological Society, Burnham Beeches, Bucks." type="book chapter" year="2001">Braunwalder, 2001</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C0EFF826572FAC0E572FA94" author="BRAUNWALDER" box="[830,888,1347,1370]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" refId="ref17844" refString="BRAUNWALDER, M. E. 2005. Fauna Helvetica 13. Scorpiones (Arachnida). Centre suisse de cartographie de la Faune / Schweizerische Entomologische Gesellschaft, Neuchatel, 240 pp." type="book" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C0EFF8265D2FAC0E270FA94" author="CAPORIACCO" box="[926,1146,1347,1370]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="159 - 230" refId="ref17878" refString="CAPORIACCO, L. di. 1950. Le specie e sottospecie del genere Euscorpius viventi in Italia ed in alcune zone confinanti. Memorie dell'Accademia nazionale dei Lincei (ser. 8), 2: 159 - 230." type="journal article" year="1950">Caporiacco (1950)</bibRefCitation>
reported it from the Lombardian Prealps, as far as Brembo River; also, he mentions some localities from Piedmont for
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0EFF826301FA02E5B5FA78" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="germanus" subSpecies="beta">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0EFF826301FA02E5B5FA78" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">E. germanus beta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that now is a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0EFF82634FFA1CE369FA78" authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityYear="1950" box="[1283,1379,1439,1462]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpha">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0EFF82634FFA1CE369FA78" box="[1283,1379,1439,1462]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">E. alpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The maps of
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C0EFF8265EAFA3DE241FA1B" author="CRUCITTI" box="[934,1099,1470,1493]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="281 - 300" refId="ref17937" refString="CRUCITTI, P. 1993. Distribution and diversity of Italian scorpions. Redia, 76 (2): 281 - 300." type="journal article" year="1993">Crucitti (1993)</bibRefCitation>
show numerous records from eastern Lombardy, and less from western Lombardy, Piedmont, and Valle dAosta.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C0EFF8262DDFA78E3AAF9DC" author="GANTENBEIN" box="[1169,1440,1531,1554]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="843 - 869" refId="ref18728" refString="GANTENBEIN, B., V. FET, M. BARKER &amp; A. SCHOLL. 2000. Nuclear and mitochondrial markers reveal the existence of two parapatric scorpion species in the Alps: Euscorpius germanus (C. L. Koch, 1837) and E. alpha Caporiacco, 1950, stat. nov. (Scorpiones, Euscorpiidae). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 107: 843 - 869." type="journal article" year="2000">Gantenbein et al. (2000)</bibRefCitation>
report several Italian localities, especially from Bergamascan Prealps, and also some Swiss localities.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C0EFF826522F9D4E32DF8AA" blockId="4.[830,1442,1102,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
In this study, localities from both
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C0EFF826293F9D4E31AF9A0" box="[1247,1296,1623,1646]" name="Italy" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Italy</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C0EFF82630BF9D4E566F943" name="Switzerland" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="136A2A516C0EFF826537F9F5E5B0F943" box="[891,954,1654,1677]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[192,268,1702,1725]" captionTargetBox="[189,1441,189,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[192,1438,192,1658]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3: E. alpha collecting sites. Lombardy, Piedmont (Italy) and Ticino (Switzerland): 1. Monte Caslano; 2. Monte San Giorgio; 3. Campione dItalia; 4. Romagnano Sesia; 5. Monte Isola; 6. Cislano; 7. Sombreno; 8. Piani Resinelli; 9. Colico; 10. Brunate; 11. Eupilio." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781861/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) where surveyed in order to obtain a detailed picture of ecological conditions across the range of
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0EFF8263C5F916E571F904" authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityYear="1950" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpha">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0EFF8263C5F916E571F904" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">E. alpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C0EFF8265FEF930E5ECF904" box="[946,998,1715,1738]" name="Italy" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Italy</collectingCountry>
, this species was found by the author eastward from
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C0EFF8265A7F951E25BF927" box="[1003,1105,1746,1769]" country="Italy" name="Piemonte" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Piedmont</collectingRegion>
(Romagnano Sesia) in many localities within
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C0EFF82624CF972E265F8C6" box="[1024,1135,1777,1800]" country="Italy" name="Lombardia" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Lombardy</collectingRegion>
(as far as Lake Iseo). In
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C0EFF826572F88CE5B4F8E8" box="[830,958,1807,1830]" name="Switzerland" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0EFF826599F88CE230F8E8" authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityYear="1950" box="[981,1082,1807,1830]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpha">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0EFF826599F88CE230F8E8" box="[981,1082,1807,1830]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">E. alpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was studied in two localities (Monte San Giorgio and Monte Caslano), and in a small (
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<superScript id="7C249B9C6C0EFF8265DDF8C4E590F898" attach="left" box="[913,922,1863,1878]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">2</superScript>
) Italian enclave (Campione dItalia).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF2E665C6C0FFF83668CF802E23EF856" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781859" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12781859" box="[192,1076,1921,1944]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781859/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" startId="5.[192,268,1921,1944]" targetBox="[261,1382,168,1899]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C0FFF83668CF802E23EF856" blockId="5.[192,1076,1921,1944]" box="[192,1076,1921,1944]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0FFF83668CF802E723F856" bold="true" box="[192,297,1921,1944]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Figure 2:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0FFF836763F800E775F859" authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityYear="1950" box="[303,383,1922,1944]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpha">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0FFF836763F800E775F859" box="[303,383,1922,1944]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">E. alpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest habitat in Cislano (Lombardy, Italy) (photo by Marco Colombo).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2E665C6C0CFF80668CF925E781F920" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781861" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12781861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781861/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" startId="6.[192,268,1702,1725]" targetBox="[189,1441,189,1661]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C0CFF80668CF925E781F920" blockId="6.[192,1442,1702,1774]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF80668CF925E726F973" bold="true" box="[192,300,1702,1725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Figure 3:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0CFF806779F924E780F972" authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityYear="1950" box="[309,394,1703,1724]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpha">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF806779F924E780F972" box="[309,394,1703,1724]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">E. alpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collecting sites. Lombardy, Piedmont (Italy) and Ticino (Switzerland):
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF806215F924E260F972" bold="true" box="[1113,1130,1703,1724]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">1.</emphasis>
Monte Caslano;
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF806355F924E321F972" bold="true" box="[1305,1323,1703,1724]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">2.</emphasis>
Monte San Giorgio;
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF806755F943E721F91B" bold="true" box="[281,299,1728,1749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">3.</emphasis>
Campione dItalia;
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF8067BFF943E40FF91B" bold="true" box="[499,517,1728,1749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">4.</emphasis>
Romagnano Sesia;
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF806486F943E4D6F91B" bold="true" box="[714,732,1728,1749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">5.</emphasis>
Monte Isola;
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF806524F943E570F91B" bold="true" box="[872,890,1728,1749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">6.</emphasis>
Cislano;
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF806595F943E5E6F91B" bold="true" box="[985,1004,1728,1749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">7.</emphasis>
Sombreno;
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF806228F943E27CF91B" bold="true" box="[1124,1142,1728,1749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">8.</emphasis>
Piani Resinelli;
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF806357F943E324F91B" bold="true" box="[1307,1326,1728,1749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">9.</emphasis>
Colico;
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF8063C8F943E3A8F91B" bold="true" box="[1412,1442,1728,1749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">10.</emphasis>
Brunate;
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF806755F95AE73DF920" bold="true" box="[281,311,1753,1774]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">11.</emphasis>
Eupilio.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34B655F6C0CFF8166BCF897E656FE55" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C0CFF8066BCF897E392F8A6" blockId="6.[192,802,1812,1896]" lastBlockId="6.[830,1441,1812,1896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0CFF8066BCF897E747F8E5" authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityYear="1950" box="[240,333,1812,1835]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpha">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF8066BCF897E747F8E5" box="[240,333,1812,1835]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">E. alpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is usually found in mountainous areas (up to
<quantity id="4CA99B316C0CFF806690F8B1E724F887" box="[220,302,1842,1865]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
a.s.l.;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C0CFF806739F8B1E400F887" author="CRUCITTI" box="[373,522,1842,1865]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="281 - 300" refId="ref17937" refString="CRUCITTI, P. 1993. Distribution and diversity of Italian scorpions. Redia, 76 (2): 281 - 300." type="journal article" year="1993">Crucitti, 1993</bibRefCitation>
) or even in hilly areas, so it could be defined as orophilous (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C0CFF806476F8D2E4C5F8A6" author="CRUCITTI" box="[570,719,1873,1896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="281 - 300" refId="ref17937" refString="CRUCITTI, P. 1993. Distribution and diversity of Italian scorpions. Redia, 76 (2): 281 - 300." type="journal article" year="1993">Crucitti, 1993</bibRefCitation>
). Ecology of
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0CFF8065C3F897E5E6F8E5" authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityYear="1950" box="[911,1004,1812,1835]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpha">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF8065C3F897E5E6F8E5" box="[911,1004,1812,1835]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">E. alpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be similar to that of other related European species, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0CFF8062F5F8B1E34DF887" baseAuthorityName="Marcuzzi" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[1209,1351,1842,1865]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="germanus">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF8062F5F8B1E34DF887" box="[1209,1351,1842,1865]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">E. germanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0CFF8063C5F8B1E587F8A6" authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityYear="1950" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gamma">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF8063C5F8B1E587F8A6" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">E. gamma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; the last species was found down to the sea level
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C0DFF816600FEFCE656FE55" blockId="7.[76,92,383,411]" box="[76,92,383,411]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0DFF816600FEFCE656FE55" bold="true" box="[76,92,383,411]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">6</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34B655F6C0DFF816334FEFDE101FE51" box="[1400,1803,382,416]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C0DFF816334FEFDE101FE51" blockId="7.[1400,1803,382,416]" box="[1400,1803,382,416]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0DFF816334FEFDE03FFE6E" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1876" box="[1400,1589,382,416]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euscorpius</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0DFF816070FE00E101FE51" bold="true" box="[1596,1803,387,415]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">— 2006, No. 36</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>