352 lines
46 KiB
XML
352 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document id="5C53FE92617FF83DBFF3F90A72EC521E" ID-CLB-Dataset="39056" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4111.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="662f3029-c9b0-4de7-9567-c5ac57252f14" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="265897" ID-ZooBank="89E9A206-8D5B-45D9-ABD9-4EC317610A23" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1463468380427" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Williams, Jeffrey T. & Viviani, Jeremie" docDate="2016" docId="03EC87A4FFAEFFB964B984B730307339" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4111.3.3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4111 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pseudogramma brederi Hildebrand in Longley & Hildebrand 1940" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="254" masterDocId="FFD5FFDCFFA9FFB1642E8420345B750D" masterDocTitle="Pseudogramma polyacantha complex (Serranidae, tribe Grammistini): DNA barcoding results lead to the discovery of three cryptic species, including two new species from French Polynesia" masterLastPageNumber="260" masterPageNumber="246" pageNumber="253" updateTime="1698662527784" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="9D53345212E705F9B1F09EA5B0EEA748" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5445F47316F4B4ECB1DC0F4A51410C46">
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<mods:title id="F7D8EE1491E8D555ACD00922132A3FDC">Pseudogramma polyacantha complex (Serranidae, tribe Grammistini): DNA barcoding results lead to the discovery of three cryptic species, including two new species from French Polynesia</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="335DFE7928FB7E69CB586620BFD24EDB" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D02AA7B81AF5C4CF0B47BF0BEC5B06C2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="028D31FA19816D71585E7AFFA9BFAA4B">Williams, Jeffrey T.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D7FF92AB6BAB50038C514608FB5E359A" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="5794598AFB2D472BE9CF3B1D72E138B9">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E2097F233E282F027200E9AB4F09DA9F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5F99B0583B3336E18A86B1799308A7E6">Viviani, Jeremie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B25AF32035B15EB9911320569E77073F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="91E1078871C6115D07FAAB939A409888">
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<mods:title id="6E660387ED9D86C968A5C0DF7500530F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="E06119CDD73EBF4C3C902A981B654E43">
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<mods:date id="125913A607C569E7F3EA1BB64C6A6537">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="4553636A13736A69F4058CE5198438E7" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2EA9B9C5416C19DED74469F171C26E8D">4111</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="24C1B84E0686BD0679FAB613E56EB744" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="CA93E41D4E33B95C58B711DE62ADFE73">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="410659934B17B49B9B5CC261B2E296E9">246</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="92D0A68586BC8E28FD51A68C4D735A9A">260</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="453BF9B4B34A0C75505AD7F8A8702F05">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0F5192077566B6BD4B1E7F7398B7C0CD" type="CLB-Dataset">39056</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="84C33F1C7195C470E8A3465AA9CA84B4" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4111.3.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2C11653E5B593CDFDC5377C99AB796B6" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EC87A4FFAEFFB964B984B730307339" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5691738" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120678423" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5691738" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC87A4FFAEFFB964B984B730307339" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC87A4FFAEFFB964B984B730307339" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">
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<subSubSection id="C35F6539FFAEFFB664B984B7353275FA" pageId="7" pageNumber="253" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFA36B2FFAEFFB664B984B737B175BF" blockId="7.[151,1002,151,247]" box="[151,1002,151,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">
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<heading id="D0B281DEFFAEFFB664B984B737B175BF" bold="true" box="[151,1002,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="253" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D31FFAEFFB664B984B737B175BF" ID-CoL="4NXMB" authority="Hildebrand in Longley & Hildebrand, 1940" authorityName="Hildebrand in Longley & Hildebrand" authorityYear="1940" box="[151,1002,151,178]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brederi">
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<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFAEFFB664B984B737B175BF" bold="true" box="[151,1002,151,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">
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<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFAEFFB664B984B735EA75BC" bold="true" box="[151,433,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">Pseudogramma brederi</emphasis>
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(Hildebrand in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B43FFAEFFB6665484B837B975BF" author="Longley" box="[634,994,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="253" refString="Longley, W. H. & Hildebrand, S. F. (1940) New genera and species of fishes from Tortugas, Florida. Papers Tortugas Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 32, 223 - 285." type="journal article" year="1940">Longley & Hildebrand, 1940</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFA36B2FFAEFFB664B9849A351475DE" blockId="7.[151,1002,151,247]" box="[151,335,186,211]" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">Confused Podge</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFA36B2FFAEFFB664B984FE353275FA" blockId="7.[151,1002,151,247]" box="[151,361,222,247]" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">
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(
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<figureCitation id="137E2A37FFAEFFB664B084FE355B75FA" box="[158,256,222,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,1433,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,1425,1884]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pseudogramma brederi USNM 409417, 45 mm SL, Marquesas. Photo: J. T. Williams." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265903/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">Figure 6</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6C70309FFAEFFB6652384FE350575FA" box="[269,350,222,247]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,257,280]" captionTargetBox="[159,1335,339,2023]" captionText="TABLE 1. Frequency distribution of dorsal and anal rays for the four species in the Pseudogramma polyacantha species complex." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3A663AFFAFFFB764B9852134A17435" pageId="7" pageNumber="253" tableUuid="DF3A663AFFAFFFB764B9852134A17435">Table 1</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35F6539FFAEFFB664B98506357B74BA" pageId="7" pageNumber="253" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BFA36B2FFAEFFB664B9850637057477" blockId="7.[151,1436,294,439]" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB55119CFFAEFFB664B9850637057477" infered="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D31FFAEFFB664B9850637787431" ID-CoL="4S5PT" authority="Hildebrand in Longley & Hildebrand, 1940:244" authorityName="Hildebrand in Longley & Hildebrand" authorityPageNumber="244" authorityYear="1940" box="[151,803,294,316]" family="Serranidae" genus="Rhegma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brederi">
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<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFAEFFB664B9850635627431" box="[151,313,294,316]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">Rhegma brederi</emphasis>
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Hildebrand in
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE410A3FFAEFFB665FE850637787431" author="Longley" box="[464,803,294,316]" page="244" pageId="7" pageNumber="253" year="1940">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B43FFAEFFB665FE850636AD7431" author="Longley" box="[464,758,294,316]" pageId="7" pageNumber="253" refString="Longley, W. H. & Hildebrand, S. F. (1940) New genera and species of fishes from Tortugas, Florida. Papers Tortugas Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 32, 223 - 285." type="journal article" year="1940">Longley & Hildebrand, 1940</bibRefCitation>
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:244
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Fig. 11 (Exact
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<typeStatus id="54FE8810FFAEFFB667EF850737B67431" box="[961,1005,295,316]" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">type</typeStatus>
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locality unknown, but apparently from the Hawaiian Islands; erroneously listed as being from the
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<collectingCountry id="F3527622FFAEFFB666DB856637167456" box="[757,845,326,347]" name="Haiti" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">Tortugas</collectingCountry>
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as discussed by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B43FFAEFFB667D8856530A37456" author="Randall" box="[1014,1272,325,347]" pageId="7" pageNumber="253" refString="Randall, J. E., & Baldwin, C. C. (1997) Revision of the serranid fishes of the subtribe Pseudogrammina, with descriptions of five new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes, No. 26, 1 - 56." type="book chapter" year="1997">Randall & Baldwin 1997</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D31FFAEFFB664B9854436357477" authority="Schultz, 1966: 193" authorityName="Schultz" authorityPageNumber="193" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,622,356,378]" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudorhegma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diagramma">
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<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFAEFFB664B9854435F27477" box="[151,425,356,378]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">Pseudorhegma diagramma</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE410A3FFAEFFB6659E854436357477" author="Schultz" box="[432,622,356,378]" page="193" pageId="7" pageNumber="253" year="1966">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B43FFAEFFB6659E854436647477" author="Schultz" box="[432,575,356,378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="253" refString="Schultz, L. P. (1966) Pseudorhegma diagramma, a new genus and species of grammistid fish, with a key to genera of the family and to the species of the subfamily Pseudogramminae. Ichthyologica, the Aquarium Journal, 37 (No. 4), 185 - 194." type="journal article" year="1966">Schultz, 1966</bibRefCitation>
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: 193
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<typeStatus id="54FE8810FFAEFFB66655854436F37477" box="[635,680,356,378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">type</typeStatus>
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locality, Hawaii).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFA36B2FFAEFFB664B985A2357B74BA" blockId="7.[151,1436,294,439]" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB55119CFFAEFFB664B985A2357B74BA" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D31FFAEFFB664B985A237C57495" authority="Randall and Baldwin, 1997: 42" authorityName="Randall and Baldwin" authorityPageNumber="42" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,926,386,408]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="polyacantha" subSpecies="hawaiiensis">
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<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFAEFFB664B985A2361A7495" box="[151,577,386,408]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">Pseudogramma polyacantha hawaiiensis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE410A3FFAEFFB6666385A237C57495" author="Randall" box="[589,926,386,408]" page="42" pageId="7" pageNumber="253" year="1997">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B43FFAEFFB6666385A2372D7495" author="Randall" box="[589,886,386,408]" pageId="7" pageNumber="253" refString="Randall, J. E., & Baldwin, C. C. (1997) Revision of the serranid fishes of the subtribe Pseudogrammina, with descriptions of five new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes, No. 26, 1 - 56." type="book chapter" year="1997">Randall and Baldwin, 1997</bibRefCitation>
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: 42
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<typeStatus id="54FE8810FFAEFFB6679F85A2304F7495" box="[945,1044,386,408]" pageId="7" pageNumber="253" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: BPBM 28742;
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<typeStatus id="54FE8810FFAEFFB660E985A330A87495" box="[1223,1267,387,408]" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">type</typeStatus>
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locality: Ke’ei, Hawaii).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35F6539FFAEFFB664B985C430C87749" pageId="7" pageNumber="253" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BFA36B2FFAEFFB664B985C430C87749" blockId="7.[151,1437,484,1373]" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">
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<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFAEFFB664B985C4355174F0" bold="true" box="[151,266,484,509]" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. A species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D31FFAEFFB6658085C4360574F1" box="[430,606,484,508]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFAEFFB6658085C4360574F1" box="[430,606,484,508]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">Pseudogramma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with modally 21 segmented dorsal-fin rays, modally 17 segmented analfin rays, a relatively long LL (1.6–1.9, mean= 1.8) in SL, relatively well-developed scalation on the interorbital, suborbital and dentary (
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<figureCitation id="137E2A37FFAEFFB6658E860C35BF7749" box="[416,484,556,581]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1013,1035]" captionTargetBox="[171,1405,219,952]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,209,974]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Scalation patterns on the head of members of the Pseudogramma polyacantha complex showing changes with increasing specimen length. A) Reduced scalation— P. paucilepis n. sp. B) Scalation extending slightly farther anteriorly— P. galzini n. sp. C) Moderately developed scalation— P. brederi. D) Well-developed scalation— P. polyacantha. Colors represent the following: purple: variable scale development at all sizes; grey: specimens shorter than 40 mm SL; blue: specimens longer than 40 mm SL; green: specimens longer than 45 mm SL; orange: specimens longer than 50 mm SL; red: specimens longer than 55 mm SL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265899/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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C); head length
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<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFAEFFB666B9860C375C7748" box="[663,775,556,581]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.476999999999999" metricValueMax="6.858" metricValueMin="6.096" pageId="7" pageNumber="253" unit="in" value="2.55" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="2.4">2.4–2.7 in</quantity>
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SL, peduncle depth 3.2–4.0 in HL.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35F6539FFAEFFB964E9866F36C57765" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="7" pageNumber="253" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFA36B2FFAEFFB664E9866F353877D8" blockId="7.[151,1437,484,1373]" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">
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<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFAEFFB664E9866F35027765" bold="true" box="[199,345,591,616]" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">Description.</emphasis>
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Dorsal rays VII, 20–21 (rarely 22); anal rays III, 16–18 (rarely 18); pectoral rays 15–17; LL scales usually 34–39 (
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<specimenCount id="9D43FD3BFFAEFFB665A1865436427780" box="[399,537,628,653]" pageId="7" pageNumber="253" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
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with 31), LL length long, 1.6–1.9 (mean=1.8) in SL; usually no fully developed second LL (some tubed scales rarely present posteriorly); longitudinal scale series 47–52; gill rakers 5–6 + 11–12; vertebrae 10 + 16.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFA36B2FFAEFFB664E986FF36E876C2" blockId="7.[151,1437,484,1373]" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">
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Body depth 3.2–4.0 in SL (mean=3.57); HL 2.4–2.7 (mean=2.5) in SL; snout
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||
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFAEFFB6601986FF30F377F5" box="[1079,1192,735,760]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4731999999999998" metricValueMax="1.6001999999999998" metricValueMin="1.3462" pageId="7" pageNumber="253" unit="in" value="5.8" valueMax="6.3" valueMin="5.3">5.3–6.3 in</quantity>
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HL; caudal-peduncle length 4.0–
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<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFAEFFB665388724350D7610" box="[278,342,772,797]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4986" pageId="7" pageNumber="253" unit="in" value="5.9">5.9 in</quantity>
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head; peduncle depth 3.2–4.0 in HL. Fifth or sixth dorsal spines longest, 3.3–4.8 (mean= 4.0) in HL; longest dorsal segmented ray 3.6–4.5 (mean=4.0) in HL; posterior dorsal and anal rays nearly reaching, just reaching or extending slightly posterior to vertical at caudal-fin base, second anal spine 4.2–5.6 (mean= 4.8) in HL; longest anal soft ray 3.2–4.3 (mean= 3.8) in HL; caudal fin short and rounded 2.0–2.8 (mean= 2.4) in HL; pectoral fins barely reaching or reaching slightly posterior to anal-fin origin (but not to segmented rays), 1.5–2.0 in HL. Interorbital width 8.3–20.0 (mean= 12.5) in HL.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFA36B2FFAEFFB664E987FC351E7152" blockId="7.[151,1437,484,1373]" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">Mouth large, the maxilla extending posteriorly to a vertical at rear edge of orbit; maxilla 2.0–2.3 (mean= 2.1) in HL; a band of villiform teeth in jaws; upper jaw with a small canine tooth in outer row on each side at front of jaw; villiform teeth on palatines in 3–5 rows in adults, the band distinctly longer than side of V-shaped patch of teeth on vomer.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFA36B2FFAEFFB664E9804D314E7050" blockId="7.[151,1437,484,1373]" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">
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No dermal flap or small tentacle dorsally on eye. Cephalic sensory pores as shown in
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<figureCitation id="137E2A37FFAEFFB660BB804C308C7189" box="[1173,1239,1132,1157]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1216,1238]" captionTargetBox="[193,1384,222,1167]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[186,1392,211,1176]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cephalic sensory pores of Pseudogramma. Pore symbols: nasal pores (N); interorbital pores (InO), supraorbital pores (SO); infraorbital pores (IO); and dentary pores (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265898/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
, supraorbital and some infraorbital pores variably present on head and may be absent or covered by scales when present. Tubular anterior nostril near edge of snout at base of upper lip, the tube not long, reaching one-third the distance to and almost to posterior nostril when depressed onto snout. A sharp spine projecting downward (30–60° to horizontal axis of body, mean= 50°) on posterior edge of preopercle at level of upper base of pectoral fin; upper surface of preopercular spine V-shaped with a central furrow. Three flat spines on opercle nearly in vertical alignment, middle spine closer to lower than upper spine (preopercular and opercular spines usually covered with scales).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3A663AFFAEFFB664B983513025728A" box="[151,1150,1905,1927]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265903/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="253" targetBox="[153,1431,1433,1873]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA36B2FFAEFFB664B983513025728A" blockId="7.[151,1150,1905,1927]" box="[151,1150,1905,1927]" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFAEFFB664B983513549728B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1905,1927]" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D31FFAEFFB6653783513653728A" box="[281,520,1905,1927]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brederi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFAEFFB6653783513653728A" box="[281,520,1905,1927]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="253">Pseudogramma brederi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
USNM 409417, 45 mm SL, Marquesas. Photo: J.T. Williams.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA36B2FFA1FFB964E984B7362C7444" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1589]" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">
|
||
Scalation on the head moderately developed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A37FFA1FFB966F884B7374775BD" box="[726,796,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1013,1035]" captionTargetBox="[171,1405,219,952]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,209,974]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Scalation patterns on the head of members of the Pseudogramma polyacantha complex showing changes with increasing specimen length. A) Reduced scalation— P. paucilepis n. sp. B) Scalation extending slightly farther anteriorly— P. galzini n. sp. C) Moderately developed scalation— P. brederi. D) Well-developed scalation— P. polyacantha. Colors represent the following: purple: variable scale development at all sizes; grey: specimens shorter than 40 mm SL; blue: specimens longer than 40 mm SL; green: specimens longer than 45 mm SL; orange: specimens longer than 50 mm SL; red: specimens longer than 55 mm SL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265899/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Interorbital scalation extending anteriorly to at least anterior border of orbits (pore InO2) in smallest specimens (below
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA1FFB967EE849C304275D9" box="[960,1049,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
), extending onto snout in larger specimens where scales reach level of posterior nostrils and N1 pore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A37FFA1FFB967B984C2378175F6" box="[919,986,226,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1013,1035]" captionTargetBox="[171,1405,219,952]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,209,974]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Scalation patterns on the head of members of the Pseudogramma polyacantha complex showing changes with increasing specimen length. A) Reduced scalation— P. paucilepis n. sp. B) Scalation extending slightly farther anteriorly— P. galzini n. sp. C) Moderately developed scalation— P. brederi. D) Well-developed scalation— P. polyacantha. Colors represent the following: purple: variable scale development at all sizes; grey: specimens shorter than 40 mm SL; blue: specimens longer than 40 mm SL; green: specimens longer than 45 mm SL; orange: specimens longer than 50 mm SL; red: specimens longer than 55 mm SL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265899/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Cheek scalation extending anteriorly to infraorbital pore IO C or IO B. Dentary scales extending anteriorly at least to first dentary pore (D1), some specimens with dentary completely scaled.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA36B2FFA1FFB964E9857436C57765" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1589]" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA1FFB964E9857435387461" box="[199,355,340,364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">Color pattern</emphasis>
|
||
. Based on photos of freshly dead specimens from Marquesas, Mururoa and Australs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A37FFA1FFB96169857431D57460" box="[1351,1422,340,365]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,1433,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,1425,1884]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pseudogramma brederi USNM 409417, 45 mm SL, Marquesas. Photo: J. T. Williams." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265903/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head brown with pale streak extending ventroposteriorly from ventral border of orbit, across preopercle toward upper end of pectoral-fin base; large black spot on opercle bordered by pale ring; anterior nostril short brown tube with pale stripe laterally; branchiostegal membranes sometimes with pale reddish cast; iris of eye brown with narrow irregular ring of yellow or orange bordering pupil; ventral border of orbit black. Body with mottled checkerboard pattern of alternating dark brown and tan spots. Fins dusky brown or reddish brown, caudal fin with narrow pale bar on base bordered posteriorly by half-moon shaped brown crescent. Color in alcohol essentially the same as fresh color, but without reddish tones.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35F6539FFA1FFB964E9865435227188" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA36B2FFA1FFB964E9865435227188" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1589]" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA1FFB964E9865435607780" bold="true" box="[199,315,628,653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
We name this the Confused Podge to reflect the confusion surrounding its
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FE8810FFA1FFB960B0865530957780" box="[1182,1230,629,653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality when the species was first described as an Atlantic species. Our analysis of mtDNA data reveal the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D31FFA1FFB964B9869C35C477D9" box="[151,415,700,724]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brederi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA1FFB964B9869C35C477D9" box="[151,415,700,724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">Pseudogramma brederi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the Marquesas and Austral Islands and there is a BOLD sequence from a
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3527622FFA1FFB960DC869C310A77D8" box="[1266,1361,700,725]" name="Réunion" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">Reunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
Island specimen that clusters in the same lineage (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A37FFA1FFB966A586C0369277F4" box="[651,713,736,761]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[416,1099,209,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[406,1146,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Neighbor-Joining tree based on K 2 P model of sequence evolution (with 1,000 bootstrap replicates) for available members of the genus Pseudogramma. The scale bar at left represents a 2 % sequence divergence." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265901/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">Fig.4</figureCitation>
|
||
), which is supported by our examination of preserved museum specimens of this species from the Agalega Islands and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3527622FFA1FFB96766872437E37610" box="[840,952,772,797]" name="Mauritius" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Western Indian Ocean. We have found additional specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D31FFA1FFB9659287093676764D" box="[444,557,808,832]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brederi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA1FFB9659287093676764D" box="[444,557,808,832]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">P. brederi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3527622FFA1FFB9664F870836ED764C" box="[609,694,808,833]" name="Taiwan" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Ogasawara Islands (based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B43FFA1FFB9601E87083145764C" author="Randall" box="[1072,1310,808,833]" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" refString="Randall, J. E., & Baldwin, C. C. (1997) Revision of the serranid fishes of the subtribe Pseudogrammina, with descriptions of five new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes, No. 26, 1 - 56." type="book chapter" year="1997">
|
||
Randall
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA1FFB960BB8709308F764D" box="[1173,1236,808,832]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: plate 6B, previously identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D31FFA1FFB96588876D36167669" box="[422,589,844,868]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyacantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA1FFB96588876D36167669" box="[422,589,844,868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">P. polyacantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Johnston Island, Hawaii, Rapa,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3527622FFA1FFB967E4876C37AF7668" box="[970,1012,844,869]" name="Fiji" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3527622FFA1FFB9602E876D30137668" box="[1024,1096,845,869]" name="Tonga" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">Tonga</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Loyalty Islands and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3527622FFA1FFB96114876D31C27669" box="[1338,1433,845,868]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D31FFA1FFB964B9875035FB7685" box="[151,416,880,904]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brederi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA1FFB964B9875035FB7685" box="[151,416,880,904]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">Pseudogramma brederi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
displays an interesting distribution pattern in the Pacific Ocean that, with the exception of the Marquesas, is antitropical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A37FFA1FFB965D587B4361A76A0" box="[507,577,916,941]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1435,1457]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,841,1405]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,841,1414]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Geographical distribution of the members of the Pseudogramma polyacantha species complex. Pseudogramma polyacantha — lavender shading, blue stars; P. brederi — green shading, green stars; P. galzini n. sp. — orange shading orange stars; P. paucilepis n. sp. — pink shading Purple stars. Black dots represent locations of specimens examined; stars indicate specimens with COI sequence available on BOLD." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265902/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), with populations found north of 20 degrees N and south of about 19–20 degrees S latitude. Although the Marquesas are located in the tropics, Marquesan waters are influenced by upwelling that simulates a more subtropical environment. In addition, the species is currently known to have an east-west disjunct geographic distribution with a Central Pacific population from Ogasawara, Johnston, Hawaii, Marquesas, Australs,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3527622FFA1FFB965A58005358B7130" box="[395,464,1061,1085]" name="Tonga" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">Tonga</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3527622FFA1FFB966278005363E7131" box="[521,613,1061,1084]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
and a southwestern Indian Ocean population currently known only from Agalega Islands,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3527622FFA1FFB9654C80683594716C" box="[354,463,1096,1121]" name="Mauritius" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3527622FFA1FFB966218068362A716C" box="[527,625,1096,1121]" name="Réunion" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">Reunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
. We believe it is likely to be more widely distributed in appropriate subtropical habitats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35F6539FFA1FFB964E980B030307339" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA36B2FFA1FFB964E980B030307339" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1589]" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA1FFB964E980B035E271A4" bold="true" box="[199,441,1168,1193]" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3527622FFA1FFB965E680B1366271A4" box="[456,569,1169,1193]" name="Taiwan" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">TAIWAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA1FFB9666280B136C671A4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[588,669,1169,1193]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
361831,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA1FFB9673980B137DF71A5" box="[791,900,1169,1193]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.83" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="48.3">48.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL. HAWAII:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA1FFB9606980B130C371A4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1095,1176,1169,1193]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FFFB1072FFA1FFB9608680B030A471A4" box="[1192,1279,1168,1193]" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" value="72-06-16">160672</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FE8810FFA1FFB9613D80B0312E71A4" box="[1299,1397,1168,1193]" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D31FFA1FFB964B98094358B71C1" box="[151,464,1204,1228]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Pseudogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diagramma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAA0FFA1FFB964B98094358B71C1" box="[151,464,1204,1228]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">Pseudogramma diagramma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA1FFB965F18094361E71C1" box="[479,581,1204,1229]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="67.5">67.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL. JOHNSTON
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3527622FFA1FFB9673B809537DB71C0" box="[789,896,1205,1229]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">ISLAND</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA1FFB967A28095378671C0" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[908,989,1205,1229]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FFFB1072FFA1FFB967CB8095306771C0" box="[997,1084,1205,1229]" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" value="29-07-14">140729</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D43FD3BFFA1FFB96067809530BE71C0" box="[1097,1253,1204,1229]" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" type="generic">18 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA1FFB960DF809431C271C1" box="[1265,1433,1204,1229]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8549999999999995" metricValueMax="6.58" metricValueMin="3.13" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="48.55" valueMax="65.8" valueMin="31.3">31.3–65.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
. MARQUESAS ISLANDS:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA1FFB965FE80F9367A71FC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[464,545,1241,1265]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
409419, tissue number: MARQ-414,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA1FFB967E580F8306971FD" box="[971,1074,1240,1265]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.34" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="53.4">53.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA1FFB9601380F930D571FC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1085,1166,1241,1265]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
409417, tissue number: MARQ-417,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA1FFB9651E80DD35C07019" box="[304,411,1277,1301]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.279999999999999" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="42.8">42.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA1FFB9658480DD35A07018" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[426,507,1277,1301]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
409418, tissue number: MARQ-418, 55.0 mm;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA1FFB9601C80DD30D87018" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1074,1155,1277,1301]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
409146, tissue number: MARQ-146,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA1FFB9651C810135C57035" box="[306,414,1313,1337]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.91" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="39.1">39.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA1FFB965818101365B7034" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[431,512,1313,1337]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
409147, tissue number: MARQ-147,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA1FFB967EB8100306A7035" box="[965,1073,1312,1337]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.45" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="54.5">54.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA1FFB9606C810130C87034" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1090,1171,1313,1337]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
411305,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D43FD3BFFA1FFB96128810131C37034" box="[1286,1432,1312,1337]" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, 46.6–52.0 mm;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA1FFB96566816535C27050" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[328,409,1349,1373]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
411461,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D43FD3BFFA1FFB9662E816536D77050" box="[512,652,1348,1373]" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA1FFB966B9816437667051" box="[663,829,1348,1373]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.945" metricValueMax="4.51" metricValueMin="3.38" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="39.45" valueMax="45.1" valueMin="33.8">33.8–45.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
. MURUROA, TUAMOTU ARCHIPELAGO:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA1FFB96165816531C77050" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1355,1436,1349,1373]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
419833,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D43FD3BFFA1FFB964D0814835CA708C" box="[254,401,1384,1409]" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, 37.6–52.0 mm.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA1FFB96673814936F1708C" box="[605,682,1385,1409]" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">RAPA</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA1FFB9669481493750708C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[698,779,1385,1409]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
379703, AUSTRAL ISLANDS:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA1FFB960B9814930B3708C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1175,1256,1385,1409]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
422967, tissue number: AUST-498,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA1FFB965BF81AD35A570A9" box="[401,510,1421,1445]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.93" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="49.3">49.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3527622FFA1FFB9663E81AD362A70A8" box="[528,625,1421,1445]" name="Tonga" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">TONGA</collectingCountry>
|
||
ISLANDS:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA1FFB9672581AD370770A8" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[779,860,1421,1445]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
334318, 51 mm;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA1FFB9601381AD30D570A8" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1085,1166,1421,1445]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
329736,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D43FD3BFFA1FFB9612B81AD31CC70A8" box="[1285,1431,1420,1445]" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" type="generic">8 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA1FFB964B98190356670C5" box="[151,317,1456,1481]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.335" metricValueMax="5.26" metricValueMin="3.41" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="43.35" valueMax="52.6" valueMin="34.1">34.1–52.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3527622FFA1FFB965668191352370C5" box="[328,376,1457,1480]" name="Fiji" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA1FFB965668191352370C5" box="[328,376,1457,1480]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/g70a-rhe1" name="University of the South Pacific" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">FIJI</collectionCode>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
, southern Islands:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA1FFB96664819136C070C4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[586,667,1457,1481]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
287812,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D43FD3BFFA1FFB9672B819137C970C4" box="[773,914,1456,1481]" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA1FFB967B08190301F70C5" box="[926,1092,1456,1481]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.42" metricValueMax="5.36" metricValueMin="1.48" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="34.2" valueMax="53.6" valueMin="14.8">14.8–53.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA1FFB9607E819130FA70C4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1104,1185,1457,1481]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
258327,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D43FD3BFFA1FFB96125819131CC70C4" box="[1291,1431,1456,1481]" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA1FFB964B981F5356570E1" box="[151,318,1493,1517]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4849999999999994" metricValueMax="3.9799999999999995" metricValueMin="2.9899999999999998" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="34.849999999999994" valueMax="39.8" valueMin="29.9">29.9–39.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3527622FFA1FFB9656581F5358870E0" box="[331,467,1493,1517]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">VANUATU</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA1FFB965F181F5366B70E0" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[479,560,1493,1517]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
356623,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA1FFB966B381F5375E70E1" box="[669,773,1493,1517]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7299999999999995" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="47.3">47.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA1FFB9673C81F5373870E0" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[786,867,1493,1517]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
347531,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA1FFB967FE81F5306370E1" box="[976,1080,1493,1517]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.41" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="44.1">44.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
. AGALEGA ISLANDS, North Island:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA1FFB964DF81D93519731C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[241,322,1529,1553]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
259061, 3:
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA1FFB965F081D93639731D" box="[478,610,1529,1553]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="40.5" valueMax="44.0" valueMin="37.0">37–44 mm</quantity>
|
||
. AGALEGA ISLANDS, CARGADOS CARAJOS SHOALS:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA1FFB9616581D931C7731C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1355,1436,1529,1553]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
259060, 2, 41.4,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA1FFB9657A823C35E07339" box="[340,443,1564,1589]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.37" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="53.7">53.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3527622FFA1FFB965E8823D363D7338" box="[454,614,1565,1589]" name="Mauritius" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">MAURITIUS</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE77FFA1FFB9665E823D369A7338" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[624,705,1565,1589]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="254">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
366584,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D43FD3BFFA1FFB96704823D37EC7338" box="[810,951,1564,1589]" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" type="generic">8 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B57FFA1FFB967EF823D303C7339" box="[961,1127,1565,1589]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6399999999999997" metricValueMax="3.9899999999999998" metricValueMin="1.29" pageId="8" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="26.4" valueMax="39.9" valueMin="12.9">12.9–39.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |