217 lines
29 KiB
XML
217 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="DBE4D1117BE147A9710EA218700DE320" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.275597" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67a85b62-4ece-46c9-a8bc-b0f7fa95177f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="275597" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460141653020" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Buckeridge, John S. & Newman, William A." docDate="2010" docId="03D887BC2164F55BFF60B7D6FC57F8AC" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02349p054.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2349" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Elminiinae Foster 1982" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="FFE1FFC42167F558FFF7B549FFCFFFCE" masterDocTitle="A review of the subfamily Eliminiinae (Cirripedia: Thoracica: Austrobalanidae), including a new genus, Protelminius nov., from the Oligocene of New Zealand" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1698235363389" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="1A533D148FC075365062EFFE7678168A">A review of the subfamily Eliminiinae (Cirripedia: Thoracica: Austrobalanidae), including a new genus, Protelminius nov., from the Oligocene of New Zealand</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DE02380240EA631CDECC1D90048F341F">Buckeridge, John S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0F7F4C23DFA49BCFE633D71FB9EBBED4">Newman, William A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C68FB1B556EC9C467EDC53A1E295207F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="81909E4F9E4A7D501E5D07F92C07D250">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="32EB62FD1200994940B4D3BBB6BEBB67">
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<mods:date id="B7527095706BB5CAD4D47C5CF44E025C">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="52D986788B897548C3F5E3FF8BC99EC4" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="ECA98E295A0CEBDB054E59DC39A07951">2349</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="A4BEA086520E0F2B054EA20B8333F286" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D887BC2164F55BFF60B7D6FC57F8AC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6196925" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119383173" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6196925" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D887BC2164F55BFF60B7D6FC57F8AC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887BC2164F55BFF60B7D6FC57F8AC" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
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<subSubSection id="C36B65212164F55BFF60B7D6FBDAFD77" box="[151,1045,671,697]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCE36AA2164F55BFF60B7D6FBDAFD77" blockId="3.[151,1045,671,697]" box="[151,1045,671,697]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
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<heading id="D08681C62164F55BFF60B7D6FBDAFD77" bold="true" box="[151,1045,671,697]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82164F55BFF60B7D6FBDAFD77" bold="true" box="[151,1045,671,697]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
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Subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292164F55BFEE8B7D6FD89FD77" authority="Foster, 1982" authorityName="Foster" authorityYear="1982" box="[287,582,671,697]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Elminiinae">Elminiinae Foster, 1982</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82164F55BFDA1B7D6FCC1FD77" bold="true" box="[598,782,671,697]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">nom correctum</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B5B2164F55BFCEAB7D6FBC7FD77" author="Buckeridge" box="[797,1032,671,697]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" refString="Buckeridge, J. S. (1983 a) The barnacle subfamily Elminiinae - Two new subgenera and a new Miocene species from Victoria. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 12, 353 - 357." type="journal article" year="1983" yearSuffix="a">Buckeridge, 1983a</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36B65212164F55BFF60B7AEFAA2FCCC" box="[151,1389,743,770]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BCE36AA2164F55BFF60B7AEFAA2FCCC" blockId="3.[151,1437,743,1890]" box="[151,1389,743,770]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82164F55BFF60B7AEFED6FCCF" bold="true" box="[151,281,743,769]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Austrobalanids lacking both internal chitinous stringers and arborescent interlaminate figures.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36B65212164F55BFF31B644FCDBFC59" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BCE36AA2164F55BFF31B644FCDBFC59" blockId="3.[151,1437,743,1890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82164F55BFF31B644FE19FCE9" bold="true" box="[198,470,781,807]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Distribution and age:</emphasis>
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Littoral, low energy environments. Oligocene to Recent: southeastern
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<collectingCountry id="F366763A2164F55BFADEB644FA58FCE9" box="[1321,1431,781,807]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Australia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F366763A2164F55BFF60B67BFEF7FC82" box="[151,312,818,844]" name="New Zealand" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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, southern
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<collectingCountry id="F366763A2164F55BFE47B67BFE20FC82" box="[432,495,818,844]" name="Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Chile</collectingCountry>
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around Tierra del Fuegio to southern
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<collectingCountry id="F366763A2164F55BFC5AB67BFBEDFC82" box="[941,1058,818,844]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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and out to the
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<collectingCountry id="F366763A2164F55BFB25B67BFA58FC82" box="[1234,1431,818,844]" name="Falkland Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Falkland Islands</collectingCountry>
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; introduced into Europe during the 1940s, temporarily to
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<collectingCountry id="F366763A2164F55BFC87B611FBDCFCBC" box="[880,1043,856,882]" name="South Africa" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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in the 1950s and questionably introduced to the Azores in the early 1900s (
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<figureCitation id="134A2A2F2164F55BFD68B634FCCCFC59" box="[671,771,893,919]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,257,969,993]" captionTargetBox="[300,1289,221,907]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[265,1321,199,942]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of the Elminiinae and early Tetraclitoidea. The earliest record of the Elminiinae is the four plated Protelminius pomahakensis from the Rupelian (early Oligocene) of New Zealand. Assuming a six-plated ancestor to this taxon, parsimony requires a Hexaminius - type first occurring in eastern Australia during the Eocene, from which the four-plated form evolved and dispersed across a proto-Tasman Sea to New Zealand. If Hexaminius had occurred in New Zealand, it would not be unreasonable to expect it in the present warmer northern waters. It was most likely during the Oligocene to early Miocene that Elminius dispersed to South America (shaded arrow); with colonization of the Falkland Islands and the eastern seaboard of South America being facilitated by the opening of the Drake Passage, which had occurred by that time (Scher and Morris, 2006). The dotted line shows the very recent distribution path for Austrominius modestus from Australasia to Europe; although there is a report of single specimen of A. modestus from South African waters – a 1949 record in Sandison (1950), there have been no further records from Africa since then, and we can only assume that it has failed to colonise in the area. Uncertainty about the high Austrominius diversity in a restricted region in South Australia necessitates that these taxa be grouped. A further arrow (dotted and shaded), extending from the Antarctic to what would have been the proto-Tasman Sea, delineates a possible westward dispersal route for the tetraclitoid genus Austrobalanus; which has the earliest records from the Bartonian (middle Eocene) of the Antarctic Peninsula (Buckeridge, 2000). Oceanic patterns at and immediately prior to that time (see Nelson and Cooke, 2001) provided an opportunity for Austrobalanus to have dispersed to southern New Zealand (where it is first recorded from the Rupelian (Oligocene). Extinct genera marked †." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275598/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36B65212164F55BFF31B6EBFC57F8AC" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BCE36AA2164F55BFF31B6EBFB44FBB9" blockId="3.[151,1437,743,1890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82164F55BFF31B6EBFE8DFC72" bold="true" box="[198,322,930,956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Remarks:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B5B2164F55BFEBEB6EBFDBBFC72" author="Newman" box="[329,628,930,956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" refString="Newman, W. A. and Ross, A. (1971) Antarctic Cirripedia. Antarctic Research Series, 14, 1 - 257. American Geophysical Union, Washington DC." type="journal article" year="1971">Newman and Ross (1971</bibRefCitation>
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, copyright 1970), cited by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B5B2164F55BFC46B6EBFBF0FC72" author="Ross" box="[945,1087,930,956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" refString="Ross, A. (1970) Studies on the Tetraclitidae (Cirripedia: Thoracica): a proposed new genus for the austral species Tetraclita purpurascens breviscutum. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 16, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1970">Ross (1970)</bibRefCitation>
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as “in press”, had discovered chitinous structures in the wall of
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292164F55BFDDFB681FD3DFC2F" box="[552,754,968,993]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Balanidae" genus="Elminius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82164F55BFDDFB681FD3DFC2F" box="[552,754,968,993]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Elminius simplex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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similar to those seen in some tetraclitids, and they briefly discussed how this, as well as some previously known characters, suggested tetraclitid rather than balanine affinities. In the discussion of
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292164F55BFDEDB15BFD46FBE5" box="[538,649,1042,1067]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Tetraclitidae" genus="Epopella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82164F55BFDEDB15BFD46FBE5" box="[538,649,1042,1067]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Epopella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the new genus
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B5B2164F55BFCA4B15BFC26FBE2" author="Ross" box="[851,1001,1042,1068]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" refString="Ross, A. (1970) Studies on the Tetraclitidae (Cirripedia: Thoracica): a proposed new genus for the austral species Tetraclita purpurascens breviscutum. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 16, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1970">Ross (1970)</bibRefCitation>
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erected to accommodate
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292164F55BFAD2B15BFE1BFB9F" class="Maxillopoda" family="Tetraclitidae" genus="Tetraclita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurascens" subGenus="Tetraclita">
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82164F55BFAD2B15BFA53FBE5" box="[1317,1436,1042,1067]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Tetraclita</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82164F55BFF56B171FED6FB9F" box="[161,281,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Tetraclita</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82164F55BFEDBB171FE1BFB9F" box="[300,468,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">purpurascens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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forma
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292164F55BFDD8B171FCA4FB9C" authority="Broch, 1922" authorityName="Broch" authorityYear="1922" box="[559,875,1080,1106]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Tetraclitidae" genus="Epopella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviscutum">
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82164F55BFDD8B171FD0AFB9F" box="[559,709,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">breviscutum</emphasis>
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Broch, 1922
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</taxonomicName>
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, both
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292164F55BFC4FB171FA8BFB9C" authority="Darwin, 1854" authorityName="Darwin" authorityYear="1854" box="[952,1348,1080,1106]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Balanidae" genus="Elminius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plicatus">
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82164F55BFC4FB171FB5EFB9F" box="[952,1169,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Elminius plicatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B5B2164F55BFB6DB171FA8BFB9C" author="Darwin" box="[1178,1348,1080,1106]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" refString="Darwin, C. (1854) A Monograph on the Sub-Class Cirripedia. The Balanidae and Verrucidae. Ray Society, London. 684 pp." type="book" year="1854">Darwin, 1854</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292164F55BFA75B171FF3EFBB8" class="Maxillopoda" family="Balanidae" genus="Elminius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82164F55BFA75B171FF3EFBB8" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">E. simplex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were transferred to
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292164F55BFE2BB114FD89FBB8" box="[476,582,1117,1142]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Tetraclitidae" genus="Epopella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82164F55BFE2BB114FD89FBB8" box="[476,582,1117,1142]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Epopella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and thus assigned to the tesseroporan tetraclitids.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCE36AA2164F55BFF33B1CBFD38FA6C" blockId="3.[151,1437,743,1890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
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<collectingCountry id="F366763A2164F55BFF33B1CBFF2AFB52" box="[196,229,1154,1180]" name="American Samoa" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">As</collectingCountry>
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noted in the introduction,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B5B2164F55BFDE9B1CBFD72FB52" author="Foster" box="[542,701,1154,1180]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" refString="Foster, B. A. (1979) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Barnacles (Cirripedia: Thoracica). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 69, 160 pp. (1978)." type="book" year="1979">Foster (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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was not aware that
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82164F55BFC5CB1CAFB37FB52" box="[939,1272,1155,1180]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292164F55BFC5CB1CAFBBFFB52" box="[939,1136,1155,1180]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Tetraclitidae" genus="Epopella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plicata">Epopella plicata</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292164F55BFB8AB1CAFB37FB52" box="[1149,1272,1155,1180]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Balanidae" genus="Elminius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">E. simplex</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292164F55BFAC5B1CAFEE9FB0F" class="Maxillopoda" family="Tetraclitidae" genus="Epopella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviscutum">
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82164F55BFAC5B1CAFEE9FB0F" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Epopella breviscutum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, had been transferred to the tetraclitid subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292164F55BFC86B1E1FBFDFB0C" box="[881,1074,1192,1218]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Austrobalanidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Austrobalaninae">Austrobalaninae</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B5B2164F55BFB97B1E1FA57FB0C" author="Newman" box="[1120,1432,1192,1218]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" refString="Newman, W. A. and Ross, A. (1976) Revision of the balanomorph barnacles; including a catalog of the species. San Diego Society of Natural History Memoir, 9, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1976">Newman and Ross (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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. Likely, therefore, he did not feel the need to formalize his new family, the
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292164F55BFC0BB184FB4FFB29" box="[1020,1152,1229,1255]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Elminiinae">Elminiinae</taxonomicName>
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, other than to say, “This species (of
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292164F55BFEEBB1BAFE67FAC2" box="[284,424,1267,1292]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" genus="Hexaminius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82164F55BFEEBB1BAFE67FAC2" box="[284,424,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Hexaminius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D292164F55BFDFBB1BAFDBBFAC2" box="[524,628,1267,1292]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Balanidae" genus="Elminius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EAB82164F55BFDFBB1BAFDBBFAC2" box="[524,628,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Elminius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, seem to constitute a southern hemisphere subfamily as well defined as the northern hemisphere
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D292164F55BFE12B051FD56FAFC" box="[485,665,1304,1330]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Semibalaninae">Semibalaninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. I propose the name Elmininae (
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EAB82164F55BFBD6B051FB8DFAFF" box="[1057,1090,1304,1329]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">sic</emphasis>
|
||
) for this subfamily” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B5B2164F55BFABEB051FEDDFA99" author="Foster" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" refString="Foster, B. A. (1982 a) Two new intertidal balanoid Barnacles from eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales, 106, 21 - 32." type="journal article" year="1982" yearSuffix="a">Foster, 1982a: 22</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Foster’s original spelling for the subfamily was “Elmininae” which was derived from the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D292164F55BFF60B02AFE57FAB2" authority="Leach, 1825" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1825" box="[151,408,1378,1404]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Balanidae" genus="Elminius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EAB82164F55BFF60B02AFF30FAB2" box="[151,255,1379,1404]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Elminius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B5B2164F55BFEF1B02BFE57FAB2" author="Leach" box="[262,408,1378,1404]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" refString="Leach, W. E. (1825) A tabular view of the genera comprising the class Cirripedes with descriptions of the species of Otion, Cineras, and Clyptra. Zoological Journal London, 2, 208 - 215." type="journal article" year="1825">Leach, 1825</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and thus, according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, should have been
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D292164F55BFF22B0C1FE99FA6C" box="[213,342,1416,1442]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Elminiinae">Elminiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B5B2164F55BFE92B0C1FD87FA6C" author="Buckeridge" box="[357,584,1416,1442]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" refString="Buckeridge, J. S. (1983 a) The barnacle subfamily Elminiinae - Two new subgenera and a new Miocene species from Victoria. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 12, 353 - 357." type="journal article" year="1983" yearSuffix="a">Buckeridge, 1983a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B5B2164F55BFDA3B0C1FD26FA6C" author="Foster" box="[596,745,1416,1442]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" refString="Newman, W. A. and Foster, B. A. (1987) The highly endemic barnacle fauna of the southern hemisphere (Crustacea; Cirripedia): Explained in part by extinction of northern hemisphere members of previously amphitropical taxa? Bulletin of Marine Science, 41, 361 - 377." type="journal article" year="1987">Foster, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE36AA2164F55BFF33B0E4FBEDF902" blockId="3.[151,1437,743,1890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
The phylogeny of the elminiines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A2F2164F55BFDACB0E4FD0CFA09" box="[603,707,1453,1479]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,261,1194,1218]" captionText="FIGURE 2. Proposed dispersal and phylogeny of the Elminiinae. Development proceeded from the six-plated Hexaminius with loss of latera to Protelminius, then development of a light, loosely articulated shell wall as with Austrominius. Key nodes conform to: 1 = reduction from six to four plates; 2 = loss of internal ribbing; 3 = spur removed from basi-rostral angle, loss of any form of internal ribbing; 4 = parietes thin, weakly articulated; 5 = pectinate setae on intermediate segments of cirrus III. The “ time line ” below gives approximate points of branching, with Hexaminius arising in Australia from an eight-plated form (probably the archaeobalanid Palaeobalanus) during the late Eocene, and during the Miocene, Elminius dispersing to South America after the opening of the Drake Passage. The close morphological conformity between Australian Austrominius spp and Austrominius modestus from New Zealand implies a late divergence of these two taxa. Extinct genera marked †. Numbers in italics = MYBP" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) draws upon the conclusions reached by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B5B2164F55BFB42B0E4FF2AFA22" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" refString="Perez-Losada, M. J., Harp, M., Hoeg, J. T., Jones, D., Watanabe, H., and Crandall, K. A. (2008) The tempo and mode of barnacle evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 46, 328 - 346." type="journal article">
|
||
Pérez-Losada
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EAB82164F55BFAA8B0E4FA53FA08" box="[1375,1436,1453,1478]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
plus interpretation of a relatively sparse but nonetheless informative fossil record (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B5B2164F55BFB44B09BFA58FA22" author="Buckeridge" box="[1203,1431,1490,1516]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" refString="Buckeridge, J. S. (1983 b) Fossil barnacles (Cirripedia: Thoracica) of New Zealand and Australia. New Zealand Geological Survey Paleontological Bulletin, 50, 1 - 151 + pls 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1983" yearSuffix="b">Buckeridge, 1983b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B5B2164F55BFF60B0B1FF16F9DC" author="Buckeridge" box="[151,217,1528,1554]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" refString="Buckeridge, J. S. (1984) A new species of Elminius from Pomahaka River, Southland, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 27, 217 - 219." type="journal article" year="1984">1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The main issue with molecular-based reconstructions of phyletic divergence is an assumption that significant changes must occur over considerable time. In
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B5B2164F55BFCB1B354FBB6F9F9" author="Perez-Losada" box="[838,1145,1565,1591]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" refString="Perez-Losada, M. J., Harp, M., Hoeg, J. T., Jones, D., Watanabe, H., and Crandall, K. A. (2008) The tempo and mode of barnacle evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 46, 328 - 346." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Pérez-Losada
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EAB82164F55BFC1AB354FBE7F9F8" box="[1005,1064,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 337), it is proposed that the Verrucomorpha-Balanomorpha divergence occurred shortly after the close of the Jurassic c.145 MYBP. However, if the absence of any late Mesozoic balanomorph barnacles is a true reflection of Cretaceous biodiversity (as opposed to an artifact of preservation), and we believe it is, then
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D292164F55BFB99B3C4FAC7F968" box="[1134,1288,1677,1702]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Austrobalanidae" genus="Protelminius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EAB82164F55BFB99B3C4FAC7F968" box="[1134,1288,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Protelminius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would have arisen from an eight-plated pachylasmatid such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D292164F55BFD1FB3FAFC80F902" box="[744,847,1715,1740]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pachylasmatidae" genus="Eolasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EAB82164F55BFD1FB3FAFC80F902" box="[744,847,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Eolasma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only c.50 MYBP.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE36AA2164F55BFF33B391FC57F8AC" blockId="3.[151,1437,743,1890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
The absence of Mesozoic balanomorphs is the basis for the broader assessment of balanomorph cirripede divergences as shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A2F2164F55BFE48B3B4FDEAF8D9" box="[447,549,1789,1815]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,256,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[379,1211,1121,1794]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[329,1258,1109,1817]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Sessilia divergence time chronogram. Nodes determined on the basis of the fossil record (figures in nonitalics in MYBP) and molecular and morphological data (figures in italics; after Pérez-Losada et al., 2007). The lack of fossil evidence for sessilian barnacles prior to the Cretaceous boundary is compelling, especially as there is a very diverse and widespread record of Cretaceous scalpelliformes (Newman and Ross, 1976; Buckeridge, 1996). We adopt a parsimonious approach to this, concluding that the Sessilia evolved very quickly during the period following the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event, such that all major balanomorph taxa had appeared between the early Palaeocene and the late Eocene. This is a much tighter timeframe than envisaged by Pérez-Losada et al., 2008." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275599/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F366763A2164F55BFDC5B3B4FD9CF8D9" box="[562,595,1789,1815]" name="American Samoa" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
the Tetraclitoidea appear first in the late Palaeocene (Thanetian) of the Chatham Islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B5B2164F55BFE9BB26BFD9EF8F2" author="Buckeridge" box="[364,593,1826,1852]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" refString="Buckeridge, J. S. (1983 a) The barnacle subfamily Elminiinae - Two new subgenera and a new Miocene species from Victoria. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 12, 353 - 357." type="journal article" year="1983" yearSuffix="a">Buckeridge, 1983a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the divergence of the earliest tetraclitoids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D292164F55BFB64B26AFAD1F8F2" box="[1171,1310,1827,1852]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Bathylasmatidae" genus="Bathylasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EAB82164F55BFB64B26AFAD1F8F2" box="[1171,1310,1827,1852]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Bathylasma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), from the pachylasmatids, must have occurred in less than 10 million years.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |