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<treatment id="03D8878EFFA0C57B5236FBCF7F48FA1F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12637886" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12637886" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D8878EFFA0C57B5236FBCF7F48FA1F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D8878EFFA0C57B5236FBCF7F48FA1F" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">
<subSubSection id="C36B6513FFA0C5785236FBCF7E66FFC3" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCE3698FFA0C5785236FBCF7EBFFF38" blockId="1.[809,1154,1068,1094]" box="[809,1154,1068,1094]" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">
<heading id="D08681F4FFA0C5785236FBCF7EBFFF38" box="[809,1154,1068,1094]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA0C5785236FBCF7EBFFF38" ID-CoL="7ZXR" authority="Thomsen 1980 a" authorityName="Thomsen" authorityYear="1980" box="[809,1154,1068,1094]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA0C5785236FBCF7EBFFF38" bold="true" box="[809,1154,1068,1094]" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA0C5785236FBCF798AFF38" bold="true" box="[809,951,1068,1094]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">Trigonaspis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B69FFA0C57852A1FBCF7EBFFF38" author="Thomsen H. A." box="[958,1154,1068,1094]" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" pagination="218 - 299" refId="ref6350" refString="Thomsen H. A. (1980 a) Two species of Trigonaspis gen. nov. (Prymnesiophyceae) from West Greenland. Phycologia 19: 218 - 299" type="journal article" year="1980">Thomsen 1980a</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCE3698FFA0C5785250FBBD7E66FFC3" blockId="1.[809,1455,1118,1214]" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">
The original description of this holococcolithophorid genus as reproduced below was based on material from West
<collectingCountry id="F3667608FFA0C57852C7FB407E6AFFC3" box="[984,1111,1187,1213]" name="Greenland" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">Greenland</collectingCountry>
:
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36B6513FFA0C57B5250FB367F48FA1F" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCE3698FFA0C5785250FB367FB2FEE2" blockId="1.[847,1455,1237,1471]" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA0C5785250FB367FB2FEE2" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">Small biflagellate coccolithophorids with a short haptonema. Periplast composed of coccoliths which are tower-like near the flagellar pole. Coccolith crystallites small triangular plates composed of three subunits. Small organic scales, always unmineralized, appear below the coccolith base-plates.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCE3698FFA0C5785250FA457EC0FEC1" blockId="1.[847,1455,1237,1471]" box="[847,1277,1445,1471]" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA0C5785250FA457EC0FEC1" box="[847,1277,1445,1471]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">
<typeStatus id="54CA883AFFA0C5785250FA4579BBFEC1" box="[847,902,1446,1471]" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA0C57852ECFA457EC0FEC1" authorityName="Thomsen" authorityYear="1980" box="[1011,1277,1445,1471]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="diskoensis">Trigonaspis diskoensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCE3698FFA0C5785250FA347E99FD02" blockId="1.[809,1456,1495,1938]" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">The key characteristics are dimorphic (occasionally varimorphic) coccoliths that involves a tuft of tower-shaped coccoliths encircling the flagellar pole, and above all the monolayer of triangular crystallite groups that cover all coccolith surfaces.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCE3698FFA0C57B5250F9677830FC30" blockId="1.[809,1456,1495,1938]" lastBlockId="2.[132,779,1809,1940]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">
The most closely related genus is
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA0C578540BF9677E28FDBF" authority="Manton et al. 1976 b" authorityName="Manton" authorityYear="1976" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Calyptrosphaeraceae" genus="Turrisphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA0C578540BF9677F92FDE0" box="[1300,1455,1668,1694]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">Turrisphaera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B69FFA0C5785236F94B7E28FDBF" author="Manton I. &amp; Sutherland J. &amp; Oates K." box="[809,1045,1703,1730]" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" pagination="179 - 194" refId="ref6106" refString="Manton I., Sutherland J., Oates K. (1976 b) Arctic coccolithophorids: two species of Turrisphaera gen. nov. from West Greenland, Alaska and the Northwest Passage. Proc. Royal Soc. London, Ser. B. Biol. Sci. 194: 179 - 194" type="journal article" year="1976">
Manton
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA0C5785294F94B79F8FDBF" box="[907,965,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
1976b
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
which is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA0C5785479F94B7949FD9A" authorityName="Thomsen" authorityYear="1980" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA0C5785479F94B7949FD9A" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">Trigonaspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the presence of hexangular rather than triangular crystallite groups. Circumstantial evidence in support of this distinction has subsequently come from the discovery of combination cells (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B69FFA0C57855EFF8D17958FC11" author="Thomsen H. A. &amp; Ostergaard J. B. &amp; Hansen L. E." pageId="1" pageNumber="86" pagination="634 - 642" refId="ref6630" refString="Thomsen H. A., Ostergaard J. B., Hansen L. E. (1991) Heteromor- phic life histories in Arctic coccolithophorids (Prymnesiophyceae). J. Phycol. 27: 634 - 642" type="journal article" year="1991">
Thomsen
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA0C5785472F8D07F92FC32" box="[1389,1455,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
1991
</bibRefCitation>
) where
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA0C57852D6F8B77E93FC11" box="[969,1198,1876,1903]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Papposphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA0C57852D6F8B77E49FC10" box="[969,1140,1876,1902]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">Papposphaera</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
share a common life history with
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA0C57852A1F8947EAEFCEC" box="[958,1171,1911,1938]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Calyptrosphaeraceae" genus="Turrisphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA0C57852A1F8947E64FCEF" box="[958,1113,1911,1937]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">Turrisphaera</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
, while species of
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA0C57B5479F89B7AF2FC55" authorityName="Thomsen" authorityYear="1980" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="87" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA0C57B5479F89B7AF2FC55" italics="true" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">Trigonaspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
interact with species of
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA3C57B50E1F8F178AAFC55" authorityName="Manton and Oates" authorityYear="1975" box="[510,663,1810,1835]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pappomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA3C57B50E1F8F178AAFC55" box="[510,663,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Pappomonas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see also
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B69FFA3C57B519BF8D7783DFC30" author="Thomsen H. A. &amp; Ostergaard J. B." box="[132,512,1843,1871]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" pagination="233 - 254" refId="ref6740" refString="Thomsen H. A., Ostergaard J. B. (2014 b) Cocolithophorids in polar waters: Pappomonas spp. revisited. Acta Protozool. 53: 233 - 254" type="journal article" year="2014">Thomsen and Østergaard 2014b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0E6610FFA3C57B519BF98D7BF4FDC2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638292" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12638292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638292/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" startId="2.[132,175,1646,1668]" targetBox="[136,779,247,1584]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BCE3698FFA3C57B519BF98D7BF4FDC2" blockId="2.[132,779,1646,1724]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA3C57B519BF98D7ADDFDFD" bold="true" box="[132,224,1646,1668]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Figs 12.</emphasis>
Collection sites.
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA3C57B5095F98D7BABFDFD" bold="true" box="[394,406,1646,1667]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">1</emphasis>
map of the Arctic (Greenland) indi- cating sampling sites;
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA3C57B5047F9697B59FDE1" bold="true" box="[344,356,1674,1695]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">2</emphasis>
map of the Antarctic (Weddell Sea) showing the location of sampling sites.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCE3698FFA3C57B51B5F8B47F48FA1F" blockId="2.[132,779,1809,1940]" lastBlockId="2.[816,1463,223,354]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
Three species of
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA3C57B5091F8BB7824FC0F" authorityName="Thomsen" authorityYear="1980" box="[398,537,1880,1905]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA3C57B5091F8BB7824FC0F" box="[398,537,1880,1905]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Trigonaspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, viz.
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA3C57B5373F8BB7B71FCEA" authority="Thomsen, 1980 a" authorityName="Thomsen" authorityYear="1980" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="diskoensis">
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA3C57B5373F8BB7936FC0F" box="[620,779,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">T. diskoensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B69FFA3C57B519BF89A7B71FCEA" author="Thomsen H. A." box="[132,332,1913,1940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" pagination="218 - 299" refId="ref6350" refString="Thomsen H. A. (1980 a) Two species of Trigonaspis gen. nov. (Prymnesiophyceae) from West Greenland. Phycologia 19: 218 - 299" type="journal article" year="1980">Thomsen, 1980a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA3C57B5044F89978EAFCEA" authority="Thomsen, 1980 a" authorityName="Thomsen" authorityYear="1980" box="[347,727,1913,1940]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="minutissima">
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA3C57B5044F8997835FCED" box="[347,520,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">T. minutissima</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B69FFA3C57B530EF89A78EAFCEA" author="Thomsen H. A." box="[529,727,1913,1940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" pagination="218 - 299" refId="ref6350" refString="Thomsen H. A. (1980 a) Two species of Trigonaspis gen. nov. (Prymnesiophyceae) from West Greenland. Phycologia 19: 218 - 299" type="journal article" year="1980">Thomsen, 1980a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA3C57B522FFF037E08FB87" authority="Thomsen" authorityName="Thomsen" box="[816,1077,223,249]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="melvillea">
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA3C57B522FFF037980FB87" box="[816,957,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">T. melvillea</emphasis>
Thomsen
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B69FFA3C57B557CFF3C7F49FB84" author="Thomsen H. A. &amp; Buck K. R. &amp; Coale S. L. &amp; Garrison D. L." box="[1123,1396,223,250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" pagination="419 - 436" refId="ref6572" refString="Thomsen H. A., Buck K. R., Coale S. L., Garrison D. L., Gow- ing M. M. (1988) Nanoplanktonic coccolithophorids (Prymnesiophyceae, Haptophyceae) from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Nord. J. Bot. 8: 419 - 436" type="journal article" year="1988">
Thomsen
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA3C57B55C4FF037F2EFB87" box="[1243,1299,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">et al</emphasis>
. (1988)
</bibRefCitation>
have been described so far. A fourth species (
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA3C57B5402FEE079D5FA41" authority="HOL" authorityName="HOL" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pappomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="garrisonii">
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA3C57B5402FEE07998FA41" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Pappomonas garrisonii</emphasis>
HOL
</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA3C57B551BFEC57E8BFA41" box="[1028,1206,293,319]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA3C57B551BFEC57EB2FA41" box="[1028,1167,294,319]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Trigonaspis</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
) is illustrated and discussed here based on material from the Antarctic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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