238 lines
32 KiB
XML
238 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="897FF9892578CA7769E94160E4706867" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3677317" ID-GBIF-Dataset="88be7d8d-ad66-4941-8d76-a2ec373df4cd" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3677317" ID-ZooBank="0DC8009D-068E-4AD9-B549-6E6A89F3DFE1" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1582112156970" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schnepp, Kyle E." docDate="2019" docId="03D88788FFE86010A988FB54FADD6E98" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0734.1-8.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 734 (734)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Plesioclytus relictus Giesbert 1993" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="3" masterDocId="FFE1FFF0FFEB6014A948FF9DFFE86A6B" masterDocTitle="Notes on the natural history of Plesioclytus morrisi Wappes and Skelley, 2015 and Plesioclytus relictus Giesbert, 1993 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)" masterLastPageNumber="8" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698719648754" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="B6E18A197B1FCA976C6CCE6111423AEE">Notes on the natural history of Plesioclytus morrisi Wappes and Skelley, 2015 and Plesioclytus relictus Giesbert, 1993 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6825C5CC6BD1AB6A36713917770D5599">Schnepp, Kyle E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D64C5E8DAD4073E4643F5E7674B35F83">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9076362A840D2BF3C8B341F372A87174">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B1B8995A2763858AADA1D8AC13ADC262">2019-12-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5CE1C2975F71E26A950C5FB694CC6820">734</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2DF2E219B9BDB8E549049E172169F73F">734</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="911B17B731D9EB6EC780AD81D365C185">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9D1AE4441B01EC44EE4F5835F87B1E8A" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3677317</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AA68D5B59F4BC05F321FD9155B412C3D" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D88788FFE86010A988FB54FADD6E98" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162173581" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D88788FFE86010A988FB54FADD6E98" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D88788FFE86010A988FB54FADD6E98" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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<paragraph id="8BCE369EFFE86017A988FB54FD126CCD" blockId="3.[192,1440,1225,1929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="C36B6515FFE86017A988FB54FE306E8A" box="[192,472,1225,1249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="D08681F2FFE86017A988FB54FE306E8A" box="[192,472,1225,1249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFE86017A988FB54FE306E8A" bold="true" box="[192,472,1225,1249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D1DFFE86017A988FB54FE396E8A" ID-CoL="4K9GP" authorityName="Giesbert" authorityYear="1993" box="[192,465,1225,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plesioclytus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictus">
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<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFE86017A988FB54FE396E8A" bold="true" box="[192,465,1225,1249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Plesioclytus relictus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36B6515FFE86017A897FB54FD126CCD" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="discussion">
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With the host of
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D1DFFE86017ABE1FB57FCCB6E8A" authorityName="Wappes and Skelley" authorityYear="2015" box="[681,803,1226,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plesioclytus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morrisi">
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<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFE86017ABE1FB57FD536E8A" box="[681,699,1226,1249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFE86017AB81FB57FCCB6E8A" box="[713,803,1226,1249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">morrisi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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not yet known but thought to be a species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D1DFFE86017AC0FFB54FF106F6A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Polygonum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polygonales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFE86017AC0FFB54FF106F6A" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Polygonum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a trip to Archbold Biological Station in Highlands County, Florida, in
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<date id="FFCF105EFFE86017AD07FB77FAFC6F69" box="[1103,1300,1258,1282]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" value="2018-09">September 2018</date>
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allowed for investigation into the host of
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D1DFFE86017AB62FA97FD4D6F49" authorityName="Giesbert" authorityYear="1993" box="[554,677,1290,1314]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plesioclytus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictus">
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<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFE86017AB62FA97FDD46F4A" box="[554,572,1290,1313]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">P</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFE86017AB03FA97FD4D6F49" box="[587,677,1290,1314]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">relictus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. While looking in open patches and trail sides for
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D1DFFE86017AC58FA97FA716F49" box="[1296,1433,1290,1314]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Polygonum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polygonales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFE86017AC58FA97FA716F49" box="[1296,1433,1290,1314]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Polygonum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D1DFFE86017A988FAB6FE876F29" box="[192,367,1322,1346]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Polygonum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polygonales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polygamum">
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<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFE86017A988FAB6FF3A6F29" box="[192,210,1323,1346]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFE86017A9A8FAB7FE876F29" box="[224,367,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">polygamum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was found to be conspicuous and flowering (
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<figureCitation id="134A2A1BFFE86017AAC0FAB7FC366F29" box="[904,990,1322,1346]" captionStart="Figures 9–12" captionStartId="8.[192,287,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,267,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[192,1440,267,1750]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 9–12. Root damage and habitat of Plesioclytus. 9) Specimen of P. polygamum with larvae of P. relictus in open sand in Emanuel County, Georgia. 10) Active damage by P. relictus in root of P. polygamum. 11) Blooming specimen of P. polygamum in open sand with larvae of P. relictus. 12) Active damage in stem of P. polygamum containing P. relictus covered by sand." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3677323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3677323/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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). Soil adjacent to and below plants of
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D1DFFE86017A988FAD6FE866F09" box="[192,366,1354,1378]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Polygonum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polygonales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polygamum">
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<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFE86017A988FAD6FF3A6F09" box="[192,210,1355,1378]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFE86017A997FAD7FE866F09" box="[223,366,1354,1378]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">polygamum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was removed to inspect the root (
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<figureCitation id="134A2A1BFFE86017AA4CFAD6FCA26F08" box="[772,842,1355,1379]" captionStart="Figures 5–8" captionStartId="7.[192,287,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,267,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[192,1440,267,1750]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 5–8. Root damage and habitat of Plesioclytus. 5) Damage to roots of P. polygamum by P. relictus. 6) Habitat of P. polygamum and P. relictus in Highlands County, Florida. 7) Active damage by P. relictus in root of P. polygamum. 8) Habitat of P. polygamum and P. relictus in Collier County, Florida." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3677321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3677321/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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), exposing similar “sawdust” and damage seen in plants from
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<collectingCountry id="F366760EFFE86017A81EFAF6FE5E6FE8" box="[342,438,1387,1411]" name="Georgia" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Georgia</collectingCountry>
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with
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D1DFFE86017A8B5FAF6FD906FE9" authorityName="Wappes and Skelley" authorityYear="2015" box="[509,632,1387,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plesioclytus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morrisi">
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<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFE86017A8B5FAF6FDE76FE9" box="[509,527,1387,1410]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFE86017AB56FAF6FD906FE9" box="[542,632,1387,1410]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">morrisi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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present. After some time finding and inspecting plants, a pattern of which ones had larval workings and which ones didn’t began to emerge. Plants with the very base of the stem exposed to sandy soil, not dark soil or leaf litter, almost always had larvae or damage. Plants that were not in open sand never had damage or larvae. Some plants in areas of thick leaf litter, but with at least some sand exposed where the stem met the ground, also almost always contained larvae (
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<figureCitation id="134A2A1BFFE86017A981F990FEC96C4E" box="[201,289,1549,1573]" captionStart="Figures 9–12" captionStartId="8.[192,287,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,267,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[192,1440,267,1750]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 9–12. Root damage and habitat of Plesioclytus. 9) Specimen of P. polygamum with larvae of P. relictus in open sand in Emanuel County, Georgia. 10) Active damage by P. relictus in root of P. polygamum. 11) Blooming specimen of P. polygamum in open sand with larvae of P. relictus. 12) Active damage in stem of P. polygamum containing P. relictus covered by sand." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3677323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3677323/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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). Many
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D1DFFE86017A8CDF991FC256C4E" authority="T. M. Schust. and Reveal" authorityName="T. M. Schust. and Reveal" box="[389,973,1548,1573]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Polygonum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polygonales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentoceras">
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<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFE86017A8CDF991FD7F6C4F" box="[389,663,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Polygonum dentoceras</emphasis>
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T.M. Schust. and Reveal
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D1DFFE86017AD44F991FEA16C2E" authority="T. M. Schust. and Reveal" authorityName="T. M. Schust. and Reveal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Polygonum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polygonales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nesomii">
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<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFE86017AD44F991FB136C4F" box="[1036,1275,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Polygonum nesomii</emphasis>
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T.M. Schust. and Reveal
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</taxonomicName>
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found in open, exposed sand in similar habitats were investigated but no damage or “sawdust” was found. Multiple
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D1DFFE86017AB41F9D3FD646C0E" box="[521,652,1613,1637]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Polygonum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polygonales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinicola">
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<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFE86017AB41F9D3FDF36C0E" box="[521,539,1614,1637]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFE86017AB62F9D0FD646C0E" box="[554,652,1613,1637]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">pinicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in open sand were checked, and only one was found to have an individual cerambycid larva. Although left in the root, this larva desiccated and died before pupation; it is possible this was a specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D1DFFE86017AB31F913FD1B6CCD" authorityName="Giesbert" authorityYear="1993" box="[633,755,1678,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plesioclytus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictus">
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<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFE86017AB31F913FD636CCE" box="[633,651,1678,1701]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">P</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFE86017ABD1F913FD1B6CCD" box="[665,755,1678,1702]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">relictus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</subSubSection>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCE369EFFE86010A9A0F933FDE16B1F" blockId="3.[192,1440,1225,1929]" lastBlockId="4.[192,1441,217,828]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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The first batch of roots collected at Archbold in
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<date id="FFCF105EFFE86017AA65F933FB786CAC" box="[813,1168,1710,1735]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" value="2018-09" valueMax="2018-10-31" valueMin="2018-09-00">September and October 2018</date>
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were processed in the same manner as plants from
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<collectingCountry id="F366760EFFE86017AB6AF952FD6A6C8C" box="[546,642,1743,1767]" name="Georgia" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Georgia</collectingCountry>
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but did not produce adults. Frass or “sawdust” was kicked out for approximately one week before stopping. After six months the roots were cut into and investigated with no adults or larvae found. Additional trips to Archbold in April, May, and
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<date id="FFCF105EFFE86017AD15F88DFB366D43" box="[1117,1246,1808,1832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" value="2019-06">June 2019</date>
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allowed for the niche hypothesis to be tested and more habitats to be surveyed (
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<figureCitation id="134A2A1BFFE86017AA8BF8ADFBE26D23" box="[963,1034,1840,1864]" captionStart="Figures 5–8" captionStartId="7.[192,287,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,267,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[192,1440,267,1750]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 5–8. Root damage and habitat of Plesioclytus. 5) Damage to roots of P. polygamum by P. relictus. 6) Habitat of P. polygamum and P. relictus in Highlands County, Florida. 7) Active damage by P. relictus in root of P. polygamum. 8) Habitat of P. polygamum and P. relictus in Collier County, Florida." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3677321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3677321/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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). Roots of ~100 plants with active damage were again treated in the same manner as those from
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<collectingCountry id="F366760EFFE86017AAFAF8CDFBFA6D03" box="[946,1042,1872,1896]" name="Georgia" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Georgia</collectingCountry>
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in hopes of rearing adults. Roots taken on April 21 and May 12 contained larvae which persisted but did not pupate at the same time as those left in the field and collected on June 8. Approximately half the roots taken on June 8 contained larvae, the other half held pupae or teneral adults (
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<figureCitation id="134A2A1BFFEF6010AA63FF67FC9A6B79" box="[811,882,250,274]" captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="6.[192,287,1848,1870]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,293,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[192,1440,293,1776]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 1–4. Adult, pupa, and habitat of Plesioclytus. 1) Adult male of P. relictus. 2) Habitat of P. polygamum and P. morrisi in Tattnall County, Georgia. 3) Adult female of P. relictus. 4) Partially dissected root of P. polygamum exposing pupa and adult of P. relictus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3677319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3677319/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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). It is thought that lower indoor temperatures delayed development slightly, up to 2–3 weeks. A single adult male was also collected June 8 resting on a short plant in the vicinity of
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D1DFFEF6010AB1BFEA1FCEA6B38" box="[595,770,315,339]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Polygonum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polygonales" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polygamum">
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<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFEF6010AB1BFEA1FD8D6B38" box="[595,613,316,339]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">P</emphasis>
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.
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFEF6010AB3BFEA6FCEA6B38" box="[627,770,315,339]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">polygamum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the original description,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B6FFFEF6010AD14FEA6FAFF6B38" author="Giesbert, E. F." box="[1116,1303,315,339]" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Mundi" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="129 - 131" part="7" refId="ref2980" refString="Giesbert, E. F. 1993. A new genus and species of clytine cerambycid from Florida. Insecta Mundi 7 (3): 129 - 131." title="A new genus and species of clytine cerambycid from Florida" type="journal article" year="1993">Giesbert (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had adults collected in April and July.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE369EFFEF6010A9A0FEE1FE0468D2" blockId="4.[192,1441,217,828]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Although adult beetles are rarely collected, virtually every plant checked in open sand had at least one larva. In less than two hours in an area of approximately 0.25 acres (1000 square meters), 40 plants containing over
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D77FD17FFEF6010A8CCFE20FE1D6BBE" box="[388,501,445,469]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="larva">50 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
were taken. While many smaller plants and roots contained a single larva, it was not uncommon to find two to three larvae in one root, with the most larvae found in a single root being four. Roots with larvae were quite fragile, frequently breaking even when sand around the plant was dug carefully by hand. A small shovel was helpful in exposing roots, reducing the number broken. Although most commonly found in the root, larvae are not confined to feeding in roots. There were several instances in which stems of a plant were covered by sand and were swollen and had ejected frass (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A1BFFEF6010A844FD1CFE8B68F2" box="[268,355,641,665]" captionStart="Figures 9–12" captionStartId="8.[192,287,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,267,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[192,1440,267,1750]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 9–12. Root damage and habitat of Plesioclytus. 9) Specimen of P. polygamum with larvae of P. relictus in open sand in Emanuel County, Georgia. 10) Active damage by P. relictus in root of P. polygamum. 11) Blooming specimen of P. polygamum in open sand with larvae of P. relictus. 12) Active damage in stem of P. polygamum containing P. relictus covered by sand." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3677323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3677323/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
). Beetles infest the same plants year after year, as old damage was present in almost all plant specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A1BFFEF6010A8DEFD3CFE3568D2" box="[406,477,673,697]" captionStart="Figures 5–8" captionStartId="7.[192,287,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,267,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[192,1440,267,1750]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 5–8. Root damage and habitat of Plesioclytus. 5) Damage to roots of P. polygamum by P. relictus. 6) Habitat of P. polygamum and P. relictus in Highlands County, Florida. 7) Active damage by P. relictus in root of P. polygamum. 8) Habitat of P. polygamum and P. relictus in Collier County, Florida." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3677321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3677321/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE369EFFEF6010A9A0FD5EFEA36957" blockId="4.[192,1441,217,828]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||
From
|
||
<date id="FFCF105EFFEF6010A879FD5EFD5168B1" box="[305,697,706,730]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" value="2019-06-08" valueMax="2019-08-19" valueMin="2019-06-08">June 8 through August 19, 2019</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D77FD17FFEF6010AB8BFD5FFCDC68B1" box="[707,820,706,730]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="adult">76 adults</specimenCount>
|
||
emerged from roots taken in April, May, and June. These consisted of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D77FD17FFEF6010A8EAFD7EFDE66890" box="[418,526,739,763]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="male">37 males</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A1BFFEF6010AB55FD7EFDB76890" box="[541,607,739,763]" captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="6.[192,287,1848,1870]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,293,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[192,1440,293,1776]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 1–4. Adult, pupa, and habitat of Plesioclytus. 1) Adult male of P. relictus. 2) Habitat of P. polygamum and P. morrisi in Tattnall County, Georgia. 3) Adult female of P. relictus. 4) Partially dissected root of P. polygamum exposing pupa and adult of P. relictus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3677319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3677319/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D77FD17FFEF6010ABEDFD7EFCCF6890" box="[677,807,739,763]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="female">39 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A1BFFEF6010AA7EFD7EFC946890" box="[822,892,739,763]" captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="6.[192,287,1848,1870]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,293,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[192,1440,293,1776]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 1–4. Adult, pupa, and habitat of Plesioclytus. 1) Adult male of P. relictus. 2) Habitat of P. polygamum and P. morrisi in Tattnall County, Georgia. 3) Adult female of P. relictus. 4) Partially dissected root of P. polygamum exposing pupa and adult of P. relictus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3677319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3677319/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Six specimens of a braconid wasp belonging to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1DFFEF6010A82BFC99FDD06970" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[355,568,771,795]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Bracon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFEF6010A82BFC99FE526970" box="[355,442,772,795]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Bracon</emphasis>
|
||
Fabricius
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also emerged from the root samples in
|
||
<date id="FFCF105EFFEF6010AD60FC99FB446970" box="[1064,1196,771,795]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" value="2019-06">June 2019</date>
|
||
, indicating possible parasitism.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36B6515FFEF6010A988FCC9FADD6E98" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE369EFFEF6010A988FCC9FADD6E98" blockId="4.[192,1441,852,1267]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFEF6010A988FCC9FE2C6907" bold="true" box="[192,452,852,876]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Additional records.</emphasis>
|
||
Since the original description, specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1DFFEF6010AA85FCC8FBAA6907" authorityName="Giesbert" authorityYear="1993" box="[973,1090,852,876]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plesioclytus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFEF6010AA85FCC8FC366907" box="[973,990,853,876]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFEF6010AAA2FCC9FBAA6907" box="[1002,1090,852,876]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">relictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been collected in Collier and Polk counties, Florida (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A1BFFEF6010AB41FCE8FDB469E6" box="[521,604,885,909]" captionStart="Figures 13–14" captionStartId="9.[192,286,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[222,1411,213,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[222,1411,213,1843]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 13–14. Distribution of Plesioclytus and Polygonum. 13) Distribution records of Plesioclytus. 14) Distribution records of Polygonum polygamum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3677325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3677325/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). Specimens from Collier County indicate this species is not restricted to the Lake
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F366760EFFEF6010A818FC08FE7369C6" box="[336,411,917,941]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Wales</collectingCountry>
|
||
Ridge and are more dependent on a suitable microhabitat than on geologic age of the sand. Two Collier County specimens were collected in flight in July and September in open sand where Florida rosemary,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1DFFEF6010A8D5FC4BFC8D6984" authority="Michx." authorityName="Michx." box="[413,869,982,1007]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Ceratiola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFEF6010A8D5FC4BFD956985" box="[413,637,982,1006]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Ceratiola ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
Michx. (Ericaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is abundant (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A1BFFEF6010AD44FC4AFBB96984" box="[1036,1105,983,1007]" captionStart="Figures 5–8" captionStartId="7.[192,287,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,267,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[192,1440,267,1750]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 5–8. Root damage and habitat of Plesioclytus. 5) Damage to roots of P. polygamum by P. relictus. 6) Habitat of P. polygamum and P. relictus in Highlands County, Florida. 7) Active damage by P. relictus in root of P. polygamum. 8) Habitat of P. polygamum and P. relictus in Collier County, Florida." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3677321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3677321/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). A third specimen emerged in
|
||
<date id="FFCF105EFFEF6010A9A8FC6AFE696E64" box="[224,385,1015,1039]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" value="2018-10">October 2018</date>
|
||
from a swelling taken the previous month on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1DFFEF6010AAFAFC6AFDB76E5B" authority="(Meisn.) T. M. Schust. and Reveal" authorityName="T. M. Schust. and Reveal" baseAuthorityName="Meisn." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Polygonum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polygonales" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="polygamum" subSpecies="brachystachyum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFEF6010AAFAFC6AFA486E64" box="[946,1440,1015,1039]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Polygonum polygamum brachystachyum</emphasis>
|
||
(Meisn.) T.M. Schust. and Reveal
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, occasionally treated as a full species by some authors. In addition, damage in roots of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1DFFEF6010A8ECFBA4FDBB6E3B" box="[420,595,1080,1104]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Polygonum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polygonales" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polygamum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFEF6010A8ECFBA4FE5E6E3B" box="[420,438,1081,1104]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFEF6010A88CFBA5FDBB6E3B" box="[452,595,1080,1104]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">polygamum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Bay County, Florida found in
|
||
<date id="FFCF105EFFEF6010AD49FBA4FB976E3B" box="[1025,1151,1080,1104]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" value="2019-06">June 2019</date>
|
||
was consistent with old larval workings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1DFFEF6010A8EAFBC5FDD96E1B" authorityName="Giesbert" authorityYear="1993" box="[418,561,1112,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plesioclytus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFEF6010A8EAFBC5FDD96E1B" box="[418,561,1112,1136]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Plesioclytus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. An area of exposed, open sand containing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1DFFEF6010AD74FBC4FB026E1B" box="[1084,1258,1112,1136]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Polygonum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polygonales" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polygamum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFEF6010AD74FBC4FBA66E1B" box="[1084,1102,1113,1136]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFEF6010AD13FBC5FB026E1B" box="[1115,1258,1112,1136]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">polygamum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the presumed required niche, was not found. One root was located with fresh damage and frass, but no larvae or adults were found. Additional collecting efforts near this locality and others containing the host plant are encouraged in order to find if new species are present or if there are large distributional gaps, as populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1DFFEF6010A83CFB41FDCB6E98" box="[372,547,1243,1267]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Polygonum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polygonales" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polygamum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFEF6010A83CFB41FE6E6E98" box="[372,390,1244,1267]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8CFFEF6010A8DCFB46FDCB6E98" box="[404,547,1243,1267]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">polygamum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occur as far west as Texas and as far north as Virginia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A1BFFEF6010AD9FFB46FAC46E98" box="[1239,1324,1243,1267]" captionStart="Figures 13–14" captionStartId="9.[192,286,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[222,1411,213,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[222,1411,213,1843]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 13–14. Distribution of Plesioclytus and Polygonum. 13) Distribution records of Plesioclytus. 14) Distribution records of Polygonum polygamum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3677325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3677325/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |