439 lines
50 KiB
XML
439 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document id="DBCA12DB78251121852D10141165A8F1" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4144.1.5" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4144.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="06fa0118-5244-4d72-a579-cc90fa2771c7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="267179" ID-ZooBank="6C6C9418-AE32-4E40-AC2B-64C8DD6DF4CF" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1469514775147" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Alekseev, Vitalii I. & Bukejs, Andris" docDate="2016" docId="03D0C7548500FFEBEED260987C9FFC45" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4144.1.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4144 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Mistran" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="107" masterDocId="FFE9BF2C8502FFEDEE45616A7902FF8D" masterDocTitle="New fossil genus of Silvanidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) from Baltic amber (Tertiary, Eocene)" masterLastPageNumber="108" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="103" updateTime="1698366179019" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="44E7EE2575A700E4F16F219E8652166B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="AD3CE7BBC4F9452DFBF5D54605C7CAFC">
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<mods:title id="25F5151DB58AAD1A462D9B95BEB81932">New fossil genus of Silvanidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) from Baltic amber (Tertiary, Eocene)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7222AB17B9CC73268FC36DA40F064F21" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0211AC9C983669FCCA58C2E33D89471C">Alekseev, Vitalii I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="32AE3227D4F2C4D8947F705B9F211F2A" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="921F7B2224BA5B896B7A18DBE1BFE3FD">
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<mods:roleTerm id="10EF30F235DF891481C455392B228947">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D04ECB58A2E01F77D40C67D690B67074">Bukejs, Andris</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9E2630C1FB5406F640B3DC5516DD98EB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A9F52481A6E344AE58D8D9B21A9F9B49">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="33131081026019ADE678D281120EBA2A">
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<mods:date id="4ACE155EC1C9173AEB1D76073C3F623D">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="3C5955A884C58A858A83D6012B877976" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F95D7DE8DDCBCBFA5F148BBF854D2BDE">4144</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="FAD83E2A9B232BB8685FBC1CA3C4BF3E" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="D977202A41D56FA0C8966083E7B6B8BC">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="50A69AC004C90D0472EE62182D9957DA">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B936C006BB59485BE64B110018B6D1A6" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4144.1.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EB047593C79B17CDE1D2D007876B1886" type="GBIF-Dataset">06fa0118-5244-4d72-a579-cc90fa2771c7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B0FFDF2B4FAE1C865952F80DAAAF4EDE" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B614216A7CB34D46E8CA13613C22061E" type="Zenodo-Dep">267179</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A367C064BBEBE4FF612779DA4F1EE7B3" type="ZooBank">6C6C9418-AE32-4E40-AC2B-64C8DD6DF4CF</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D0C7548500FFEBEED260987C9FFC45" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5695595" ID-GBIF-Taxon="123207617" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5695595" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D0C7548500FFEBEED260987C9FFC45" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D0C7548500FFEBEED260987C9FFC45" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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<subSubSection id="C36325C98500FFEFEED260987808FDA3" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC676428500FFEFEED260987878FD81" blockId="2.[151,378,498,558]" box="[151,378,498,524]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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<heading id="D08EC12E8500FFEFEED260987878FD81" bold="true" box="[151,378,498,524]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B90DAA508500FFEFEED260987878FD81" bold="true" box="[151,378,498,524]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis id="B90DAA508500FFEFEED260987817FD81" bold="true" box="[151,277,498,524]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18500FFEFEED2609879F5FD81" box="[151,247,498,524]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Mistran" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Mistran</taxonomicName>
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ot
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</emphasis>
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sp. nov.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC676428500FFEFEED2637F7808FDA3" blockId="2.[151,378,498,558]" box="[151,266,533,558]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13426AC78500FFEFEEDA637F7803FDA3" box="[159,257,533,558]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStart-1="FIGURES 4 – 5" captionStartId-0="3.[151,264,1830,1853]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,264,1989,2012]" captionTargetBox-0="[272,1315,411,1806]" captionTargetBox-1="[222,1355,209,1942]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[272,1315,411,1807]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[196,1374,193,1959]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 3. Mistran ot gen. et sp. nov., holotype: 1 — habitus, dorsal view; 2 — habitus, ventral view; 3 — habitus, lateral view." captionText-1="FIGURES 4 – 5. Mistran ot gen. et sp. nov., reconstruction: 4 — habitus, dorsal view; 5 — foreleg." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/267180/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/267181/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Figs 1–5</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36325C98500FFEFEED26337783DFCA7" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC676428500FFEFEED263377DE4FD33" blockId="2.[151,1437,605,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis id="B90DAA508500FFEFEED26337784AFDFB" bold="true" box="[151,328,605,630]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Type material.</emphasis>
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Holotype: Nr. 1279-1 [CCHH]; possible female (hind femora simple). A complete beetle with partially exposed hind wings is included in a small, transparent yellow amber piece embedded in a block of GTSpolyester resin with dimensions 14
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<emphasis id="B90DAA508500FFEFEC6163CF7B36FD33" bold="true" box="[548,564,677,702]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">×</emphasis>
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8
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<emphasis id="B90DAA508500FFEFEC1563CF7B62FD33" bold="true" box="[592,608,677,702]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">×</emphasis>
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<quantity id="4C81DBA78500FFEFEC2263CF7BA9FD30" box="[615,683,677,702]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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. Syninclusions (except one gas vesicle) are absent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC676428500FFEFEE8263A37B59FD6C" blockId="2.[151,1437,605,2034]" box="[199,603,713,738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis id="B90DAA508500FFEFEE8263A37857FD6F" bold="true" box="[199,341,713,738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Type strata.</emphasis>
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Baltic Amber, Eocene.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC676428500FFEFEE826387783DFCA7" blockId="2.[151,1437,605,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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<materialsCitation id="3B117C1F8500FFEFEE826387783DFCA7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1288049000" country="Russia" county="Peninsula" location="Yantarny" municipality="Sambian" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kaliningrad" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B90DAA508500FFEFEE8263877868FC8B" bold="true" box="[199,362,749,774]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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<typeStatus id="54C2C8E08500FFEFEE8263877800FC8B" box="[199,258,749,774]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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<location id="8EA620998500FFEFEF30638478D8FC8B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D0C7548500FFEBEED260987C9FFC45:8EA620998500FFEFEF30638478D8FC8B" box="[373,474,750,774]" country="Russia" county="Peninsula" municipality="Sambian" name="Yantarny" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" stateProvince="Kaliningrad">Yantarny</location>
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settlement (formerly Palmnicken),
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BA2EC388500FFEFED3E63877ADFFC8B" box="[891,989,749,774]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Sambian</collectingMunicipality>
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(Samland)
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<collectingCounty id="62A70ECE8500FFEFEA2C63877DDBFC8B" box="[1129,1241,749,774]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Peninsula</collectingCounty>
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, the
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<collectingRegion id="49BDB8A08500FFEFEB5363877C9EFC8B" box="[1302,1436,749,774]" country="Russia" name="Kaliningrad" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Kaliningrad</collectingRegion>
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region,
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<collectingCountry id="F36E36D28500FFEFEEA9627B7839FCA7" box="[236,315,785,810]" name="Russia" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Russia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36325C98500FFEEEE82625F7B77FE91" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC676428500FFEFEE82625F7A75FCFF" blockId="2.[151,1437,605,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis id="B90DAA508500FFEFEE82625F785BFCC3" bold="true" box="[199,345,821,846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Description.</emphasis>
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Body length about
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<quantity id="4C81DBA78500FFEFEC05625F7BABFCC0" box="[576,681,821,846]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" unit="mm" value="2.55">2.55 mm</quantity>
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, maximum width
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<quantity id="4C81DBA78500FFEFED39625C7ADAFCC0" box="[892,984,822,846]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
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; robust, elongate, nearly parallel-sided, slightly flattened dorsally; body and appendages uniformly black.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC676428500FFEFEE8262177822FB57" blockId="2.[151,1437,605,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Head slightly longer than wide; vertex covered with irregular cells; frons and clypeus finely and sparcely punctate; punctures smaller than facets of eye, distance between punctures twice larger than puncture diameter. Anterior clypeal margin widely rounded. Compound eyes large, prominent, hemispherical, with coarse facets. Temples absent. Antennal grooves absent. Maxillary palpi short; terminal palpomere elongate, spindle-shaped, truncate, three times longer than penultimate one. Ultimate labial palpomere elongate and mucronate. Antennae stout, short, gradually thickened to apex; short, extending to middle of pronotum; 11-segmented with indistinct apparently 4-segmented club, densely covered with dark, fine semierect setae. Scape, pedicel and antennomere 3 conical, almost equal in size; antennomeres 4–6 transverse; antennomeres 7–9 subquadrate; antennomere 10 the widest; antennomere 11 rounded, as long as wide. Relative length ratios of antennomeres 1–11 equal to 5-5-5-4-4- 3-3-3-3-5-3.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC676428500FFEFEE82658F7A56F9E8" blockId="2.[151,1437,605,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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Thorax. Pronotum subquadrate, almost as wide as long, finely bordered, disc flattened. Pronotal surface covered with irregular mostly four-sided cells (like on vertex); pronotum with three fine parallel longitudinal carinae (which divide the pronotum in almost equal quarters). Anterior and posterior margins arcuate; lateral margins almost parallel, crenulate, each side with six obtuse denticles; anterior and posterior angles obtuse, not prominent. Pronotal hypomera with shallow femoral grooves directed to posterior angles. Pro-, meso- and metaventrites densely punctured (distance between punctures equal to 0.25–0.30
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<emphasis id="B90DAA508500FFEFEA6E64F37D39FA3F" bold="true" box="[1067,1083,1433,1458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">×</emphasis>
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diameter of one puncture) and covered with dense secondary micropunctation. Pronotal hypomera sculptured like pronotum dorsally, covered with irregular cells. Procoxae nearly round. Procoxal cavities closed, mesocoxal cavities open, metacoxae do not extend laterally to meet the elytra. All coxae separated: procoxae separated by distance slightly wider than procoxal diameter; mesocoxae separated by distance approximately 0.5
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<emphasis id="B90DAA508500FFEFED1367437A64F9CF" bold="true" box="[854,870,1577,1602]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">×</emphasis>
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of coxal diameter; metacoxae almost contiguous. Prosternal process elongate, strongly dilated apically, truncate.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC676428500FFEFEE82671B7B1EF80B" blockId="2.[151,1437,605,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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Scutellar shield distinct, strongly transverse, 3
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<emphasis id="B90DAA508500FFEFEC8C671B7BDBF907" bold="true" box="[713,729,1649,1674]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">×</emphasis>
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as wide as long. Elytra together 1.8
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<emphasis id="B90DAA508500FFEFEA2D671B7D7AF907" bold="true" box="[1128,1144,1649,1674]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">×</emphasis>
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as long as wide, elongate, subparallel, at humeri slightly wider than pronotum, separately rounded apically, finely pubescent. The sutural area in apical one-third weakly impressed. Humeral angles rounded. Each elytron with four entire (non-interrupted) fine and straight carinae (raised interstriae 3, 5, 7, 9), third carina not reaching elytral apex; and with 10 rows of punctures, strial punctures small, oval, oblique, with intervals about 1.0
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<emphasis id="B90DAA508500FFEFED84666B7AD3F897" bold="true" box="[961,977,1793,1818]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">×</emphasis>
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puncture diameter; scutellary striole not distinct. Lateral margins narrowly explanate. Epipleura well developed, reaching apex of ventrite 4, widest at humeral angle, with 3–4 rows of small punctures. Hind wings present. The ratio of lengths of mesoventrite to metaventrite to abdomen:
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<date id="FFC750828500FFEFEFF966077B1AF80B" box="[444,536,1901,1926]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" value="1935-06-13">6-13-35</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC676428500FFEFEE8266FB7A5CF87C" blockId="2.[151,1437,605,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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Abdomen with five visible, similarly articulated, finely pubescent ventrites. Relative lengths (medially) of ventrites 1–5 equal to
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<date id="FFC750828500FFEFEFE666DF7B4FF843" box="[419,589,1973,1998]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" value="2010-09-25" valueMax="2010-11-15" valueMin="2010-09-25">25-15-10-9-11.</date>
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All ventrites finely and densely punctured; ventrite 5 rounded apically. Intercoxal process of abdominal ventrite 1 triangular and acute.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC676428501FFEEEE8261F27B77FE91" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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Legs robust, short (
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<figureCitation id="13426AC78501FFEEEFE661FD78EAFF3D" box="[419,488,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 5" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1989,2012]" captionTargetBox="[222,1355,209,1942]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[196,1374,193,1959]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 5. Mistran ot gen. et sp. nov., reconstruction: 4 — habitus, dorsal view; 5 — foreleg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267181/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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). Femora incrassate; hind femora simple (without denticle or tooth). Tarsal formula 5-5-5. No tarsomeres lobed. Length of apical tarsomere subequal to combined length of tarsomeres 1–4; tarsomere 4 the smallest; tarsomeres 1–3 broad, almost equal in size. Tarsal claws thickened basally, large, equal in size, length about one-third of apical tarsomere.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36325C98501FFEEEE82604D7B19FEE8" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BC676428501FFEEEE82604D7B19FEE8" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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<emphasis id="B90DAA508501FFEEEE82604D7832FECD" bold="true" box="[199,304,295,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Remark.</emphasis>
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The femoral lines of ventrite 1 (an important character for diagnosis) are not visible on the specimen because of the position of the legs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF0626CA8501FFEEEED2664C79CCF8D6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267180/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" targetBox="[272,1315,411,1806]" targetPageId="3">
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||
<paragraph id="8BC676428501FFEEEED2664C79CCF8D6" blockId="3.[151,1435,1830,1883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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||
<emphasis id="B90DAA508501FFEEEED2664C783EF8B1" bold="true" box="[151,316,1830,1853]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">FIGURES 1–3.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B90DAA508501FFEEEF01664278B2F8B0" box="[324,432,1832,1853]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18501FFEEEF0166427896F8B0" box="[324,404,1832,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Mistran" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Mistran</taxonomicName>
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ot
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B90DAA508501FFEEEFF2664D7B5BF8B1" bold="true" box="[439,601,1831,1852]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">gen. et sp. nov.</emphasis>
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, holotype: 1—habitus, dorsal view; 2—habitus, ventral view; 3—habitus, lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF0626CA8506FFE9EED266AF7D6EF851" box="[151,1132,1989,2012]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267181/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" targetBox="[222,1355,209,1942]" targetPageId="4">
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||
<paragraph id="8BC676428506FFE9EED266AF7D6EF851" blockId="4.[151,1132,1989,2012]" box="[151,1132,1989,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis id="B90DAA508506FFE9EED266AF7831F856" bold="true" box="[151,307,1989,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">FIGURES 4–5</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B90DAA508506FFE9EF0566AD78A9F851" box="[320,427,1991,2012]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
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<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18506FFE9EF0566AD7892F851" box="[320,400,1991,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Mistran" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Mistran</taxonomicName>
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ot
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</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DAA508506FFE9EFF466AC7B4CF856" bold="true" box="[433,590,1990,2011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">gen. et sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
, reconstruction: 4—habitus, dorsal view; 5—foreleg.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36325C98507FFEBEE8261FD7C9FFC45" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC676428507FFE8EE8261FD7BDCFEE8" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DAA508507FFE8EE8261FD784CFF3D" bold="true" box="[199,334,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species name is an abbreviation used as noun in apposition. “OT” is an abbreviation of the Latin “Ordo Teutonicus” (official names: Latin: Ordo domus Sanctae Mariae Theutonicorum Hierosolymitanorum, German: Orden der Brüder vom Deutschen Haus der Heiligen Maria in Jerusalem, English: the Order of the Teutonic Knights of St. Mary's Hospital in Jerusalem). The Teutonic Order was the German medieval military order created the independent Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights in the conquered territory of the South- Eastern Baltic region during the Northern Crusades.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0626CA8507FFE8EED260FE7B58FE26" ID-Table-UUID="DF0626CA8507FFE8EED260FE7B58FE26" box="[151,602,404,427]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0626CA8507FFE8EED260FE7B58FE26" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" targetBox="[151,1384,496,1930]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC676428507FFE8EED260FE7B58FE26" blockId="5.[151,602,404,427]" box="[151,602,404,427]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DAA508507FFE8EED260FE7801FE26" bold="true" box="[151,259,404,427]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">TABLE 1</emphasis>
|
||
. Check-list of fossil
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18507FFE8EFA760FE7B54FE26" box="[482,598,404,427]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Silvanidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC676428507FFEBEEDA60AD79E9FF75" blockId="5.[159,1285,454,476]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,968]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
Taxon References Fossil
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C2C8E08507FFE8ED0B60AD7A82FE51" box="[846,896,455,476]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
Locality Age A wide variety of lifestyles is represented in extant representatives of the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18507FFE8EAE266DC7C22F842" box="[1191,1312,1974,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Silvaninae">Silvaninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including subcortical fungus feeding, leaf litter dwelling, ant inquilinism, facultative predation and seed feeding. The majority of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18504FFEBEF5861FD7891FF3D" box="[285,403,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Silvaninae">Silvaninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are subcorticolous in the natural habitat (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE80BB38504FFEBED2E61FD7D5FFF3D" author="McElrath" box="[875,1117,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" refString="McElrath, T. C., Robertson, J. A., Thomas, M. C., Osborne, J., Miller, K. B., McHugh, J. V. & Whiting, M. F. (2015) A molecular phylogenetic study of Cucujidae s. l. (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea). Systematic Entomology, 40 (4), 705 - 718. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12133" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
McElrath
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DAA508504FFEBED9A61F37D13FF3D" box="[991,1041,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In all likelihood, the fossil
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DAA508504FFEBEED261D7780EFF59" box="[151,268,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18504FFEBEED261D779F2FF59" box="[151,240,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Mistran" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Mistran</taxonomicName>
|
||
ot
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
was fungivorous and inhabited the microhabitat under loosened bark on dead trees in the Eocene “amber forest”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC676428507FFE8EEDA609A7819F807" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<table id="F97984E285070012EED2609A7C6AF807" box="[151,1384,496,1930]" gridcols="5" gridrows="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<tr id="3549740085070012EED2609A7C6AFDA9" box="[151,1384,496,548]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<th id="76981D7C85070012EED2609A78A3FDA9" box="[151,417,496,548]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18507FFE8EEDA609A7808FD8B" box="[159,266,496,518]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Silvanidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76981D7C85070012EFF2609A7BEAFDA9" box="[439,744,496,548]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
Peris
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DAA508507FFE8EFB5609B7B1FFD8B" box="[496,541,496,518]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013, 2016
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76981D7C85070012ED4E609A7AB0FDA9" box="[779,946,496,548]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Spanish amber</th>
|
||
<th id="76981D7C85070012EDA4609A7DC4FDA9" box="[993,1222,496,548]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Peñacerrada I, and San Just (Spain)</th>
|
||
<th id="76981D7C85070012EA9E609A7C6AFDA9" box="[1243,1384,496,548]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">100–112 Ma</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549740085070012EED263527C6AFDE1" box="[151,1384,568,620]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<th id="76981D7C85070012EED2635278A3FDE1" box="[151,417,568,620]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18507FFE8EEDA63527808FDC3" box="[159,266,568,590]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Silvanidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EFF263527BEAFDE1" box="[439,744,568,620]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Kulicka & Ślipiński 1996</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012ED4E63527AB0FDE1" box="[779,946,568,620]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Baltic amber</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EDA463527DC4FDE1" box="[993,1222,568,620]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Kaliningrad region (Russia)</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EA9E63527C6AFDE1" box="[1243,1384,568,620]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">37.2–33.9 Ma</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549740085070012EED263EA7C6AFD1B" box="[151,1384,640,662]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76981D7C85070012EED263EA78A3FD1B" box="[151,417,640,662]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18507FFE8EEDA63EA7801FD1B" box="[159,259,640,662]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Brontinae">Brontinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549740085070012EED263C37C6AFD53" box="[151,1384,681,734]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<th id="76981D7C85070012EED263C378A3FD53" box="[151,417,681,734]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18507FFE8EEDA63C3788FFD32" box="[159,397,681,703]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Antiphloeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stramineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DAA508507FFE8EEDA63C3788FFD32" box="[159,397,681,703]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Antiphloeus stramineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EFF263C37BEAFD53" box="[439,744,681,734]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Kirejtshuk & Nel 2013</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012ED4E63C37AB0FD53" box="[779,946,681,734]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Oise amber</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EDA463C37DC4FD53" box="[993,1222,681,734]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Oise department (France)</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EA9E63C37C6AFD53" box="[1243,1384,681,734]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">55.8–48.6 Ma</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549740085070012EED2639B7C6AFCAB" box="[151,1384,753,806]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<th id="76981D7C85070012EED2639B78A3FCAB" box="[151,417,753,806]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18507FFE8EEDA639B7836FC8A" box="[159,308,753,775]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Cryptamorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DAA508507FFE8EEDA639B7836FC8A" box="[159,308,753,775]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Cryptamorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EFF2639B7BEAFCAB" box="[439,744,753,806]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Hieke & Pietrzeniuk 1984</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012ED4E639B7AB0FCAB" box="[779,946,753,806]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Bitterfeld amber</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EDA4639B7DC4FCAB" box="[993,1222,753,806]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Goitzsche/Bitterfeld (Germany)</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EA9E639B7C6AFCAB" box="[1243,1384,753,806]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">37.2–33.9 Ma</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549740085070012EED262537C6AFCE3" box="[151,1384,825,878]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18507FFE8EEDA62537B5CFCC2" authority="Kirejtshuk 2011" authorityName="Kirejtshuk" authorityYear="2011" box="[159,606,825,847]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Dendrobrontes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="popovi">
|
||
<th id="76981D7C85070012EED2625378A3FCE3" box="[151,417,825,878]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DAA508507FFE8EEDA62537880FCC2" box="[159,386,825,847]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Dendrobrontes popovi</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EFF262537BEAFCE3" box="[439,744,825,878]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Kirejtshuk 2011; Alekseev 2013</td>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012ED4E62537AB0FCE3" box="[779,946,825,878]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Baltic amber</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EDA462537DC4FCE3" box="[993,1222,825,878]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Kaliningrad region (Russia)</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EA9E62537C6AFCE3" box="[1243,1384,825,878]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">37.2–33.9 Ma</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549740085070012EED262EB7C6AFC1A" box="[151,1384,897,919]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76981D7C85070012EED262EB78A3FC1A" box="[151,417,897,919]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18507FFE8EEDA62EB7808FC1A" box="[159,266,897,919]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Silvaninae">Silvaninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549740085070012EED262C07C6AFC73" box="[151,1384,938,1022]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<th id="76981D7C85070012EED262C078A3FC73" box="[151,417,938,1022]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18507FFE8EEDA62C07808FC4D" box="[159,266,938,960]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Silvaninae">Silvaninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EFF262C07BEAFC73" box="[439,744,938,1022]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Kirejtshuk & Azar 2013</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012ED4E62C07AB0FC73" box="[779,946,938,1022]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Lebanese amber</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EDA462C07DC4FC73" box="[993,1222,938,1022]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Hammana – Mdeirij and Nabaa Es-Sukkar – Brissa (Lebanon)</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EA9E62C07C6AFC73" box="[1243,1384,938,1022]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">129–113 Ma</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549740085070012EED2657B7C6AFBCB" box="[151,1384,1041,1094]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18507FFE8EEDA657B7B4AFBAA" authority="Ermisch 1942" authorityName="Ermisch" authorityYear="1942" box="[159,584,1041,1063]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Airaphilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denticollis">
|
||
<th id="76981D7C85070012EED2657B78A3FBCB" box="[151,417,1041,1094]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DAA508507FFE8EEDA657B7878FBAA" box="[159,378,1041,1063]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Airaphilus denticollis</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EFF2657B7BEAFBCB" box="[439,744,1041,1094]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Ermisch 1942; Spahr 1981; Alekseev 2013</td>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012ED4E657B7AB0FBCB" box="[779,946,1041,1094]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Baltic amber</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EDA4657B7DC4FBCB" box="[993,1222,1041,1094]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Kaliningrad region (Russia)</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EA9E657B7C6AFBCB" box="[1243,1384,1041,1094]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">37.2–33.9 Ma</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549740085070012EED265337C6AFB21" box="[151,1384,1113,1196]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<th id="76981D7C85070012EED2653378A3FB21" box="[151,417,1113,1196]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18507FFE8EEDA65337808FBE2" box="[159,266,1113,1135]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Airaphilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DAA508507FFE8EEDA65337808FBE2" box="[159,266,1113,1135]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Airaphilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EFF265337BEAFB21" box="[439,744,1113,1196]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Klebs 1910; Handlirsch 1925; Bachofen-Echt 1949; Larsson 1978; Spahr, 1981;</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012ED4E65337AB0FB21" box="[779,946,1113,1196]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Baltic amber</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EDA465337DC4FB21" box="[993,1222,1113,1196]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Kaliningrad region (Russia)</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EA9E65337C6AFB21" box="[1243,1384,1113,1196]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">37.2–33.9 Ma</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549740085070012EED265AA7C6AFB79" box="[151,1384,1216,1268]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<th id="76981D7C85070012EED265AA78A3FB79" box="[151,417,1216,1268]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DAA508507FFE8EEDA65AB780BFB5B" box="[159,265,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18507FFE8EEDA65AB79EDFB5B" box="[159,239,1217,1238]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Mistran" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Mistran</taxonomicName>
|
||
ot
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EFF265AA7BEAFB79" box="[439,744,1216,1268]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">present paper</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012ED4E65AA7AB0FB79" box="[779,946,1216,1268]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Baltic amber</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EDA465AA7DC4FB79" box="[993,1222,1216,1268]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Kaliningrad region (Russia)</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EA9E65AA7C6AFB79" box="[1243,1384,1216,1268]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">37.2–33.9 Ma</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549740085070012EED264627C6AFAD6" box="[151,1384,1288,1371]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<th id="76981D7C85070012EED2646278A3FAD6" box="[151,417,1288,1371]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18507FFE8EEDA64627806FA93" box="[159,260,1288,1310]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Nausibius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DAA508507FFE8EEDA64627806FA93" box="[159,260,1288,1310]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Nausibius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EFF264627BEAFAD6" box="[439,744,1288,1371]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Klebs 1910; Bachofen-Echt 1949: Larsson 1978; Spahr 1981</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012ED4E64627AB0FAD6" box="[779,946,1288,1371]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Baltic amber</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EDA464627DC4FAD6" box="[993,1222,1288,1371]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Kaliningrad region (Russia)</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EA9E64627C6AFAD6" box="[1243,1384,1288,1371]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">37.2–33.9 Ma</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549740085070012EED264047C6AFA08" box="[151,1384,1390,1413]" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<th id="76981D7C85070012EED2640478A3FA08" box="[151,417,1390,1413]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18507FFE8EEDA640478A3FA09" box="[159,417,1390,1412]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Pleuroceratos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burmiticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DAA508507FFE8EEDA640478A3FA09" box="[159,417,1390,1412]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Pleuroceratos burmiticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EFF264047BEAFA08" box="[439,744,1390,1413]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
Poinar
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DAA508507FFE8EC45641A7B2EFA09" box="[512,556,1390,1413]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012ED4E64047AB0FA08" box="[779,946,1390,1413]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Burmese amber</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EDA464047DC4FA08" box="[993,1222,1390,1413]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Myanmar/Burma</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EA9E64047C6AFA08" box="[1243,1384,1390,1413]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">100–94 Ma</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549740085070012EED264F27C6AF909" box="[151,1384,1432,1668]" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<th id="76981D7C85070012EED264F278A3F909" box="[151,417,1432,1668]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18507FFE8EEDA64F279F7FA23" box="[159,245,1432,1454]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Silvanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DAA508507FFE8EEDA64F279F7FA23" box="[159,245,1432,1454]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Silvanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EFF264F27BEAF909" box="[439,744,1432,1668]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Hope 1836; Berendt 1845; Giebel 1852, 1856a, 1856b; Menge 1856; Motschulsky 1856; Scudder 1885, 1886, 1891; Helm 1896; Handlirsch 1908, 1925; Klebs 1910; Bachofen-Echt 1949; Larsson 1978; Spahr 1981</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012ED4E64F27AB0F909" box="[779,946,1432,1668]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Baltic amber</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EDA464F27DC4F909" box="[993,1222,1432,1668]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Kaliningrad region (Russia)</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EA9E64F27C6AF909" box="[1243,1384,1432,1668]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">37.2–33.9 Ma</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549740085070012EED267F27C6AF923" box="[151,1384,1688,1710]" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76981D7C85070012EED267F278A3F923" box="[151,417,1688,1710]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Subfamilia incerta</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549740085070012EED267AB7C6AF899" box="[151,1384,1729,1812]" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18507FFE8EEDA67AB7B2EF95A" authority="Hong 2002" authorityName="Hong" authorityYear="2002" box="[159,556,1729,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Sinisilvanidae" genus="Sinisilvana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fushunensis">
|
||
<th id="76981D7C85070012EED267AB78A3F899" box="[151,417,1729,1812]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DAA508507FFE8EEDA67AB788EF95A" box="[159,396,1729,1751]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Sinisilvana fushunensis</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EFF267AB7BEAF899" box="[439,744,1729,1812]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Hong 2002; Kirejtshuk 2011</td>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012ED4E67AB7AB0F899" box="[779,946,1729,1812]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Fushun amber</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EDA467AB7DC4F899" box="[993,1222,1729,1812]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Guchengzi, Liaoning Province (China)</td>
|
||
<td id="76981D7C85070012EA9E67AB7C6AF899" box="[1243,1384,1729,1812]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">55.8–48.6 Ma</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549740085070012EED2661A7C6AF807" box="[151,1384,1904,1930]" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76981D7C85070012EED2661A78A3F807" box="[151,417,1904,1930]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Discussion</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC676428504FFEBEE82606E7887FE05" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
|
||
The newly described genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18504FFEBEC54606F7B68FE91" box="[529,618,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Mistran" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DAA508504FFEBEC54606F7B68FE91" box="[529,618,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Mistran</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is apparently close to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18504FFEBEDB1606E7D66FE91" box="[1012,1124,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Nausibius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DAA508504FFEBEDB1606E7D66FE91" box="[1012,1124,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Nausibius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also reported from Baltic amber (primarily by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE80BB38504FFEBEFCC604D7B12FECD" author="Klebs" box="[393,528,295,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" refString="Klebs, R. (1910) Uber Bernsteineinschlusse im allgemeinen und die Coleopteren meiner Bernsteinsammlung. Schriften der Physikalisch-okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg i. Pr, 51, 217 - 242." type="journal article" year="1910">Klebs 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the studied beetle merits the separate generic level for the reasons mentioned in the diagnosis. The presence of the extant genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18504FFEBED1E60267D44FEE9" authority="in Eocene" authorityName="in Eocene" box="[859,1094,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Nausibius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DAA508504FFEBED1E60267AC9FEE9" box="[859,971,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Nausibius</emphasis>
|
||
in Eocene
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Europe is under question and should be confirmed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC676428504FFEBEE8260FE7A15FE5D" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
|
||
A checklist of fossil
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18504FFEBEFFC60FE7B2DFE20" box="[441,559,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Silvanidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is compiled and provided (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FB43F98504FFEBED2860FE7AC1FE21" box="[877,963,404,429]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,404,427]" captionTargetBox="[151,1384,496,1930]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Check-list of fossil Silvanidae." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0626CA8507FFE8EED260FE7B58FE26" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" tableUuid="DF0626CA8507FFE8EED260FE7B58FE26">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The oldest representative of the family currently known is from the Cretaceous Lebanese amber.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC676428504FFEBEE8260B67C9FFC45" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE80BB38504FFEBEE8260B6787AFE79" author="Ermisch" box="[199,376,476,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" refString="Ermisch, K. (1942) Airaphilus denticollis n. sp. (Donacia spec. Helm). Entomologische Blatter, 38 (4), 128 - 129." type="journal article" year="1942">Ermisch (1942)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described one species assigned by him to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18504FFEBED2D60B67C5EFE78" authority="Redtenbacher, 1858" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1858" box="[872,1372,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Airaphilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DAA508504FFEBED2D60B67ADCFE79" box="[872,990,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Airaphilus</emphasis>
|
||
Redtenbacher, 1858 (Silvaninae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Baltic amber. The description is quite detailed, but some important characters of ventral side (e.g. distance between coxae, closeness or openness of coxal cavities) and shape of scutellum are not mentioned. The correct generic and subfamily placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18504FFEBEFE163227A3CFDED" authority="Ermisch, 1942" authorityName="Ermisch" authorityYear="1942" box="[420,830,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Airaphilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denticollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DAA508504FFEBEFE163227B94FDED" box="[420,662,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Airaphilus denticollis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE80BB38504FFEBECD9632D7A3CFDED" author="Ermisch" box="[668,830,583,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" refString="Ermisch, K. (1942) Airaphilus denticollis n. sp. (Donacia spec. Helm). Entomologische Blatter, 38 (4), 128 - 129." type="journal article" year="1942">Ermisch, 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is doubtful to our opinion. Judging by the photo in the original description (primarily the shape of the pronotum, antennae and head) and described well-marked frontal grooves [“
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DAA508504FFEBEF5663FA79FEFD62" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">An den Seiten des Kopfes, innerhalb der Augen, befindet sich jederseits eine seichte, nach vorn konvergierende Furche, die sich über den flachen Beulen oberhalb der Fühlereinlenkung etwas grubenartig erweitert</emphasis>
|
||
.”], we conclude that this species does not belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18504FFEBED3A63B27AF7FD7D" box="[895,1013,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Airaphilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DAA508504FFEBED3A63B27AF7FD7D" box="[895,1013,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Airaphilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and is not a member of subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18504FFEBEED263967813FC98" box="[151,273,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Silvaninae">Silvaninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Probably, the beetle described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18504FFEBECE363967A9EFC99" box="[678,924,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Airaphilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denticollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DAA508504FFEBECE363967A9EFC99" box="[678,924,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Airaphilus denticollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be assigned to the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18504FFEBEB5D6396783FFCB5" authority="LeConte, 1861" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1861" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Telephanini">Telephanini LeConte, 1861</taxonomicName>
|
||
within subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18504FFEBEC4C62757B75FCB5" box="[521,631,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Brontinae">Brontinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and should be placed in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C790DC18504FFEBEDB8624B7C39FCB5" authority="Latreille, 1829" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1829" box="[1021,1339,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Silvanidae" genus="Psammoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DAA508504FFEBEDB8624B7D8DFCB5" box="[1021,1167,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Psammoecus</emphasis>
|
||
Latreille, 1829
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(habitus similar, scutellary striole apparently absent) or is close to it (M. Thomas, pers. comm.). A detailed study of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C2C8E08504FFEBEB29622F7C9EFCD0" box="[1388,1436,837,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material or designation of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C2C8E08504FFEBEF8162027B1FFC0D" box="[452,541,872,896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(because the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C2C8E08504FFEBECFC62027BEBFC0D" box="[697,745,872,896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen was likely lost during World War II and it is quite possible that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C2C8E08504FFEBEF1762E678B6FC28" box="[338,436,908,933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
does not exist anymore) is needed. In present study and compiled checklist, we leave it as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE80BB38504FFEBEF6E62C578DBFC45" author="Ermisch" box="[299,473,943,968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" refString="Ermisch, K. (1942) Airaphilus denticollis n. sp. (Donacia spec. Helm). Entomologische Blatter, 38 (4), 128 - 129." type="journal article" year="1942">Ermisch (1942)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
without formal systematic change, because we lack sufficient proof to do so presently.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |