467 lines
57 KiB
XML
467 lines
57 KiB
XML
<document id="CA397824F41B56EEDBA3C3A8DD748592" ID-CLB-Dataset="29104" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4455.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fe0e811b-255d-4a15-859b-aec861ff4a84" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1457256" ID-ZooBank="82EA0ECB-4E33-4E22-99C1-98364576580A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1539261826333" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gómez, Patricia, González-Acosta, Bárbara, Sánchez-Ortíz, Carlos, Hoffman, Zvi & Hernández-Guerrero, Claudia J." docDate="2018" docId="038EC94DCB67FFBCFF04FDDBFE22FC95" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4455.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4455 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Aplysina encarnacionae Gómez & González-Acosta & Sánchez-Ortíz & Hoffman & Hernández-Guerrero 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="330" masterDocId="FFB7B135CB62FFB4FF93FC77FFCDFFC8" masterDocTitle="Amended definitions for Aplysinidae and Aplysina (Porifera, Demospongiae, Verongiida): on three new species from a remarkable population in the Gulf of California" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="322" pageNumber="327" updateTime="1698575579814" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="518E03EB1544E3ED99C01D64BB7450CF">
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<mods:title id="DF1E9DF742C92C76314F70DAD17E3A3E">Amended definitions for Aplysinidae and Aplysina (Porifera, Demospongiae, Verongiida): on three new species from a remarkable population in the Gulf of California</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="BA42168C1769E02405DD665568405735" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="DD844D83F939CA33125B8557BA6132FC">Gómez, Patricia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5B9BC273416C733FB1DB1DC8E2465F6A">González-Acosta, Bárbara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="96C1E4AE2B0DC8E0AB360F026032E7F5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C57C9D4A3047A3C058F346A671115287">Sánchez-Ortíz, Carlos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EB697F1CE1FA29F7B59264490FC3CF03">Hoffman, Zvi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="AB3F4753D58579BA6B5D5B504D909B78" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="2070D3ECB1B7FC75F9AF0167A1D28E9B">Hernández-Guerrero, Claudia J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3C13B8D5BA2D9334A8E69497D1B1E3EA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F61B7611D672114D679F0699B3831A62">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="396BB029FE4C1F26DCA261BFBC9C22EA">
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<mods:date id="3367E882885AE51E28648A7D4704FA42">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1515AA97E493B647CB55DADA1D453419">2018-08-02</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3946C840513F1578535A3A7DF8DAEFAB">4455</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="1A002C8983A792944FD1BEE5D8B4E7D4" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="B2D7F6A2B4B7EA0F60B4ED095C0B507F">2</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="414D7FB337D6070030C9A646BC3146E9" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4455.2.4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="016B1E76C8921CDA82327DCF123214DA" type="GBIF-Dataset">fe0e811b-255d-4a15-859b-aec861ff4a84</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0D9819917DD48B65A04BC64188193835" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038EC94DCB67FFBCFF04FDDBFE22FC95" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5950072" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148691246" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5950072" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038EC94DCB67FFBCFF04FDDBFE22FC95" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038EC94DCB67FFBCFF04FDDBFE22FC95" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="330" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">
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<subSubSection id="C33D2BD0CB67FFB1FF04FDDBFEDCFE20" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B98785BCB67FFB1FF04FDDBFDEDFE0F" blockId="5.[151,544,428,488]" box="[151,544,428,455]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">
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<heading id="D0D0CF37CB67FFB1FF04FDDBFDEDFE0F" bold="true" box="[151,544,428,455]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B953A449CB67FFB1FF04FDDBFDEDFE0F" bold="true" box="[151,544,428,455]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB67FFB1FF04FDDBFE76FE0E" ID-CoL="FQ84" authority="Gómez & González-Acosta & Sánchez-Ortíz & Hoffman & Hernández-Guerrero, 2018" authorityName="Gómez & González-Acosta & Sánchez-Ortíz & Hoffman & Hernández-Guerrero" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,443,428,454]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="encarnacionae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B953A449CB67FFB1FF04FDDBFE76FE0E" bold="true" box="[151,443,428,454]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">Aplysina encarnacionae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2601932CB67FFB1FE51FDDAFDEDFE0F" box="[450,544,429,455]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B98785BCB67FFB1FF04FDB8FEDCFE20" blockId="5.[151,544,428,488]" box="[151,273,463,488]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131C64DECB67FFB1FF0CFDB8FF20FE20" box="[159,237,463,488]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1525,1547]" captionTargetBox="[187,1399,193,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[187,1399,193,1503]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. A‒B. Aplysina encarnacionae sp. nov., C‒D. Aplysina airapii sp. nov. at Espiritu Santo Island, BCS, Mexico. Underwater photographs in vivo." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457262/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131C64DECB67FFB1FF69FDA7FEC4FE20" box="[250,265,464,488]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1830,1852]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,193,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[170,1417,193,1809]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Aplysina encarnacionae sp. nov., A. General structure of the skeletal architecture, atrium fibers at the bottom. B. Isolated dendritic fiber. C. Polygonal anastomosed fibers of atrium. D. Detail of dendritic fibers, E. Detail of anastomosed fiber." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457264/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D2BD0CB67FFB1FF04FE60FE92FD2C" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B98785BCB67FFB1FF04FE60FE92FD2C" blockId="5.[151,1437,535,2001]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">
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<emphasis id="B953A449CB67FFB1FF04FE60FE4DFDF8" bold="true" box="[151,384,535,560]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">Material examined</emphasis>
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. Holotype CNPGG‒1397 El Gallo, 24°27’54.76”N 110°23’14.75”W,
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<date id="FF995E9BCB67FFB1FB57FE60FA9DFDF8" box="[1220,1360,535,560]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" value="2011-12-16">16/XII/2011</date>
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, 5 m. Paratypes: USNM‒1283359 El Gallo, 24°27’54.76”N 110°23’14.75” W,
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<date id="FF995E9BCB67FFB1FC54FE4BFB99FD9D" box="[967,1108,572,597]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" value="2011-12-16">16/XII/2011</date>
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. CNPGG‒353 Espiritu Santo Is.,
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<date id="FF995E9BCB67FFB1FF53FE28FE9AFDB0" box="[192,343,607,632]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" value="1984-08-25">25/VIII/1984</date>
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. CNPGG‒1221, 1318, 1368, 1398 El Gallo, 24°27’54.76”N 110°23’14.75” W,
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<date id="FF995E9BCB67FFB1FB5EFE28FA94FDB0" box="[1229,1369,607,632]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" value="2011-12-16">16/XII/2011</date>
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, 2‒
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<quantity id="4CDFD5BECB67FFB1FA11FE28FF7DFD54" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
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. CNPGG‒1316, 1317, 1402 La Ballena Is. 24°28’56”N 110°23’59”W,
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<date id="FF995E9BCB67FFB1FC74FEF3FBB2FD54" box="[999,1151,644,669]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" value="1984-08-25">25/VIII/1984</date>
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. CNPGG‒1400, 1401 El Gallo, 24°27’54.76”N 110°23’14.75”W,
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<date id="FF995E9BCB67FFB1FDF7FEDFFD00FD08" box="[612,717,680,704]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" value="2010-08-02">10/VIII/2</date>
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0 12. CNPGG‒1408 El Gallo, 24°27’54.76”N 110°23’14.75”W,
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<date id="FF995E9BCB67FFB1FF04FEBBFEC0FD2C" box="[151,269,716,740]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" value="2012-09-08">8/IX/2012</date>
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,
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<quantity id="4CDFD5BECB67FFB1FE8BFEBBFE96FD2C" box="[280,347,716,741]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" unit="m" value="5.8">5.8 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D2BD0CB67FFB1FF54FE98FA5AFA7D" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B98785BCB67FFB1FF54FE98FC09FB5D" blockId="5.[151,1437,535,2001]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">
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<emphasis id="B953A449CB67FFB1FF54FE98FE9CFCC0" bold="true" box="[199,337,751,776]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">Description</emphasis>
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. Tubular sponge, growing as a single tube
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<quantity id="4CDFD5BECB67FFB1FCBDFE98FCBFFCCF" box="[814,882,751,776]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" unit="cm" value="16.0">16 cm</quantity>
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high by
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<quantity id="4CDFD5BECB67FFB1FC47FE98FBD2FCCF" box="[980,1055,751,776]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" unit="cm" value="5.5">5.5 cm</quantity>
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in diameter, or in clusters of up to 12 tubes, laterally fused, the highest tube is
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<quantity id="4CDFD5BECB67FFB1FD04FF63FD12FCE4" box="[663,735,788,812]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" unit="cm" value="22.0">22 cm</quantity>
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with
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<quantity id="4CDFD5BECB67FFB1FCB7FF63FC42FCE4" box="[804,911,788,813]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" unit="cm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2‒2.5 cm</quantity>
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in diameter. Tubes also grow over a massive body, with smaller tubes at the base of it, never with fistular projections. Its maximum growth range reaches
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<quantity id="4CDFD5BECB67FFB1FAC4FF4FFA51FC87" box="[1367,1436,824,848]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" unit="cm" value="38.0">38 cm</quantity>
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in height,
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<quantity id="4CDFD5BECB67FFB1FE94FF2BFE81FCBC" box="[263,332,860,884]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
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in width, tube diameter 2.0‒
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<quantity id="4CDFD5BECB67FFB1FD1DFF2BFD11FCBC" box="[654,732,860,885]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" unit="cm" value="6.5">6.5 cm</quantity>
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; smaller tubes are
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||
<quantity id="4CDFD5BECB67FFB1FC39FF2AFC26FCBC" box="[938,1003,861,884]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
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high,
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<quantity id="4CDFD5BECB67FFB1FBA2FF2BFBB2FCBC" box="[1073,1151,860,884]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
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||
in diameter (
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<figureCitation id="131C64DECB67FFB1FA80FF2BFA98FCBC" box="[1299,1365,860,885]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1525,1547]" captionTargetBox="[187,1399,193,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[187,1399,193,1503]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. A‒B. Aplysina encarnacionae sp. nov., C‒D. Aplysina airapii sp. nov. at Espiritu Santo Island, BCS, Mexico. Underwater photographs in vivo." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457262/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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A-B). The tube wall measures
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<quantity id="4CDFD5BECB67FFB1FE36FFF7FDC2FC5F" box="[421,527,896,920]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="8.0">8‒19 mm</quantity>
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thick, topped by an apical pseudoscule
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<quantity id="4CDFD5BECB67FFB1FC5BFFF7FBC4FC5F" box="[968,1033,896,920]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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wide in the smallest tubes, up to
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<quantity id="4CDFD5BECB67FFB1FAEAFF08FF74FC74" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
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||
in the largest; a diaphragm is present in some, considerably contracted to almost closed when is out of the water. Each atrium may have several oscula (
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<quantity id="4CDFD5BECB67FFB1FD0DFFBFFD2CFC17" box="[670,737,968,992]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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||
diameter), and these are also seen in the outer surface of the tube. The surface is microconulose in parts and smooth in others; the conules, <
|
||
<quantity id="4CDFD5BECB67FFB1FB82FF9BFB83FBCC" box="[1041,1102,1004,1028]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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||
to up to
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<quantity id="4CDFD5BECB67FFB1FB3CFF9BFAC9FBCC" box="[1199,1284,1004,1028]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
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in height, are numerous on top of some tubes and scattered at their basal margin, separated by 0.6‒7.0 mm. The color when alive is reddish purple, sometimes with small yellow tinges; it is mustard yellow inside, entirely dark purple in alcohol. It is soft and compressible with a slippery texture whether alive or in alcohol. The dermis is easily detachable. The choanocyte chambers, 20‒30 µm in diameter, are diplodal and spherical.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B98785BCB67FFB1FF54F8E8FA5AFA7D" blockId="5.[151,1437,535,2001]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">
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<emphasis id="B953A449CB67FFB1FF54F8E8FEE3FB70" bold="true" box="[199,302,1183,1208]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">Skeleton</emphasis>
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. This is a polygonal anastomosed reticulum lining the atrium wall from which long dendritic fibers fill out the tube wall or, sometimes according to the body part, a reduced tridimensional regular polygonal net is present, without neglecting the continuous set of dendritic fibers (
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<quantity id="4CDFD5BECB67FFB1FC18F890FBC3FAC8" box="[907,1038,1255,1280]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="7.75" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5‒15 mm</quantity>
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long) that fill out most part of the tube. The latter fibers very seldom anastomose in which case, may form an elongated and larger mesh, distinctively they are more dendritic near to the surface. Fibers are amber in color, stratified with light and dark brown pith. In the deep choanosome, they are thicker in diameter, 90‒270 µm, with a pith diameter 70‒140 µm respectively, they conform meshes 234‒3406 µm wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C64DECB67FFB1FDD7F900FD47FA58" box="[580,650,1399,1424]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1830,1852]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,193,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[170,1417,193,1809]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Aplysina encarnacionae sp. nov., A. General structure of the skeletal architecture, atrium fibers at the bottom. B. Isolated dendritic fiber. C. Polygonal anastomosed fibers of atrium. D. Detail of dendritic fibers, E. Detail of anastomosed fiber." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457264/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dendritic fibers possess round endings and sometimes frizzled, 23‒ 150 µm in diameter with 20‒110 µm pith diameter; they have relatively thicker pith with respect to fiber diameter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33D2BD0CB67FFB1FF54F9C8FEDFF91D" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98785BCB67FFB1FF54F9C8FEDFF91D" blockId="5.[151,1437,535,2001]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB67FFB1FF54F9C8FEE9FA10" bold="true" box="[199,292,1471,1496]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">Ecology</emphasis>
|
||
. The new species is the largest
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB67FFB1FD1BF9C8FD26FA10" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1834" box="[648,747,1471,1496]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB67FFB1FD1BF9C8FD26FA10" box="[648,747,1471,1496]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">Aplysina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the La Paz region, and is endemic to Espiritu Santo Island (i.e. La
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB67FFB1FF7DF993FE62FA35" authority=", El Gallo" authorityName="El Gallo" box="[238,431,1508,1533]" class="Aves" family="Camaenidae" genus="Gallina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gallina, El Gallo</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and La Ballena locations). It occurs on rocky reef substratum (boulders, walls, and small caves), whether exposed or protected from light, inhabiting from
|
||
<quantity id="4CDFD5BECB67FFB1FC1FFA70FC29F9E8" box="[908,996,1543,1568]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" unit="m" value="8.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="2.0">2‒15 m</quantity>
|
||
depths corresponding to 21 and 18°C temperature, it is common on shores sheltered against wave and wind action at Espiritu Santo Is. In this environment
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB67FFB1FEBFFA27FE3FF9A0" authorityName="Gómez & González-Acosta & Sánchez-Ortíz & Hoffman & Hernández-Guerrero" authorityYear="2018" box="[300,498,1616,1640]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="encarnacionae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB67FFB1FEBFFA27FE3FF9A0" box="[300,498,1616,1640]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">A. encarnacionae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reaches its greatest growth form both in height, and overall size. The opistobranch mollusc
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB67FFB1FF6FFA03FD99F945" authority="Gabb, 1865" authorityName="Gabb" authorityYear="1865" box="[252,596,1652,1677]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tylodinidae" genus="Tylodina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Umbraculida" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fungina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB67FFB1FF6FFA03FE72F944" box="[252,447,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">Tylodina fungina</emphasis>
|
||
Gabb, 1865
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a yellow Sulphur (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB67FFB1FCCDFA03FC0DF945" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1834" box="[862,960,1652,1677]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB67FFB1FCCDFA03FC0DF945" box="[862,960,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">Aplysina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) sponge consumer (David W. Behrens), commonly found as a predator on this new species. Some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB67FFB1FCF0FAE0FC1EF978" box="[867,979,1687,1712]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB67FFB1FCF0FAE0FC1EF978" box="[867,979,1687,1712]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">Haliclona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. and snapping shrimps were also associated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33D2BD0CB67FFB1FF54FAA8FCE9F819" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98785BCB67FFB1FF54FAA8FCE9F819" blockId="5.[151,1437,535,2001]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB67FFB1FF54FAA8FE94F930" bold="true" box="[199,345,1759,1784]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB67FFB1FEFAFA97FDFDF930" authority="Gómez & González-Acosta & Sánchez-Ortíz & Hoffman & Hernández-Guerrero, 2018" authorityName="Gómez & González-Acosta & Sánchez-Ortíz & Hoffman & Hernández-Guerrero" authorityYear="2018" box="[361,560,1760,1784]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="encarnacionae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB67FFB1FEFAFA97FDFDF930" box="[361,560,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">A. encarnacionae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2601932CB67FFB1FDAAFAA8FD58F930" box="[569,661,1759,1784]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB67FFB1FDAAFAA8FD58F930" bold="true" box="[569,661,1759,1784]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is recorded only at Espiritu Santo Is. (La
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB67FFB1FBE8FAA8FA8DF930" authority=", El Gallo" authorityName="El Gallo" box="[1147,1344,1759,1784]" class="Aves" family="Camaenidae" genus="Gallina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gallina, El Gallo</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and La Ballena Islands), in La Paz Bay (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E3B6B9CB67FFB1FD94FB73FD29F8D4" box="[519,740,1796,1821]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California Sur" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">
|
||
Baja
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E3B6B9CB67FFB1FDD0FB73FD78F8D5" box="[579,693,1796,1821]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
Sur
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E3B6B9CB67FFB1FD7CFB73FC84F8D5" box="[751,841,1796,1821]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33038CBCB67FFB1FD7CFB73FC84F8D5" box="[751,841,1796,1821]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
), in shallow waters on sheltered shores. This unusual species has not been collected in the many locations studied along the eastern Pacific, nor reported in any other published paper. Hence, its endemism to the area is clear. A different morphotype or more probably a juvenile stage of the present species could be a smaller tube
|
||
<quantity id="4CDFD5BECB67FFB1FD22FB07FD34F840" box="[689,761,1904,1928]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, by
|
||
<quantity id="4CDFD5BECB67FFB1FCF8FB18FC77F840" box="[875,954,1903,1928]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, with morphologic diagnostic characters, skeletal and fibers similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB67FFB1FDFCFBE2FCF5F864" authority="Gómez & González-Acosta & Sánchez-Ortíz & Hoffman & Hernández-Guerrero, 2018" authorityName="Gómez & González-Acosta & Sánchez-Ortíz & Hoffman & Hernández-Guerrero" authorityYear="2018" box="[623,824,1941,1964]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="encarnacionae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB67FFB1FDFCFBE2FD4DF864" box="[623,640,1941,1964]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB67FFB1FD01FBE2FCF5F864" box="[658,824,1941,1964]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">encarnacionae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2601932CB67FFB1FCD0FBE3FC6DF865" box="[835,928,1940,1965]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB67FFB1FCD0FBE3FC6DF865" bold="true" box="[835,928,1940,1965]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Not included within the examined material owing to the lack of molecular study to assign the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5828D3CB64FFB2FF04F982FE2EF9E1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457262/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="328" startId="6.[151,250,1525,1547]" targetBox="[187,1399,193,1503]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98785BCB64FFB2FF04F982FE2EF9E1" blockId="6.[151,1437,1524,1577]" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB64FFB2FF04F982FEC2F9C2" bold="true" box="[151,271,1525,1547]" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
|
||
. A‒B.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB64FFB2FECFF982FD9EF9C2" authority="Gómez & González-Acosta & Sánchez-Ortíz & Hoffman & Hernández-Guerrero, 2018" authorityName="Gómez & González-Acosta & Sánchez-Ortíz & Hoffman & Hernández-Guerrero" authorityYear="2018" box="[348,595,1525,1546]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="328" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="encarnacionae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB64FFB2FECFF982FD9EF9C2" box="[348,595,1525,1546]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">Aplysina encarnacionae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2601932CB64FFB2FDCFF982FD62F9C2" box="[604,687,1525,1546]" pageId="6" pageNumber="328" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB64FFB2FDCFF982FD62F9C2" bold="true" box="[604,687,1525,1546]" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, C‒D.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB64FFB2FD6EF982FC6EF9C2" authority="Gómez & González-Acosta & Sánchez-Ortíz & Hoffman & Hernández-Guerrero, 2018" authorityName="Gómez & González-Acosta & Sánchez-Ortíz & Hoffman & Hernández-Guerrero" authorityYear="2018" box="[765,931,1525,1546]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="328" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="airapii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB64FFB2FD6EF982FC6EF9C2" box="[765,931,1525,1546]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">Aplysina airapii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2601932CB64FFB2FC38F982FC33F9C2" box="[939,1022,1525,1546]" pageId="6" pageNumber="328" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB64FFB2FC38F982FC33F9C2" bold="true" box="[939,1022,1525,1546]" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
at Espiritu Santo Island, BCS, Mexico. Underwater photographs in vivo.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33D2BD0CB64FFB2FF54FA22FA50F912" pageId="6" pageNumber="328" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98785BCB64FFB2FF54FA22FA50F912" blockId="6.[151,1437,1621,2006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB64FFB2FF54FA22FE8BF9A6" bold="true" box="[199,326,1621,1646]" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The specific name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB64FFB2FDA2FA20FD1AF9A6" authorityName="Gómez & González-Acosta & Sánchez-Ortíz & Hoffman & Hernández-Guerrero" authorityYear="2018" box="[561,727,1623,1646]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="328" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="encarnacionae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB64FFB2FDA2FA20FD1AF9A6" box="[561,727,1623,1646]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">encarnacionae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is dedicated to Dr. Rosalba Encarnación Dimayuga, formerly professor at the Universidad Autónoma de
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E3B6B9CB64FFB2FD08FA0DFC4EF95A" box="[667,899,1658,1683]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California Sur" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">
|
||
Baja
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E3B6B9CB64FFB2FD4FFA0DFC80F95B" box="[732,845,1658,1683]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
Sur
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Her perseverance and enthusiasm led to the identification of several sponge samples of the eastern Pacific. She collected some
|
||
<typeStatus id="549CC6F9CB64FFB2FBABFAE8FBA5F97F" box="[1080,1128,1695,1719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of verongiids in 1984 for biochemical studies; her samples are included in the present study, having stayed undetermined until now.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33D2BD0CB64FFBCFF54FA92FC8BFE65" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="330" pageId="6" pageNumber="328" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98785BCB64FFB2FF54FA92FB5EF81E" blockId="6.[151,1437,1621,2006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB64FFB2FF54FA92FEF9F936" bold="true" box="[199,308,1765,1790]" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. All previously described species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB64FFB2FD41FA92FCF8F936" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1834" box="[722,821,1765,1790]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="328" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB64FFB2FD41FA92FCF8F936" box="[722,821,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">Aplysina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Pacific have different shapes when compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB64FFB2FF26FB7DFE0AF8EA" authority="Gómez & González-Acosta & Sánchez-Ortíz & Hoffman & Hernández-Guerrero, 2018" authorityName="Gómez & González-Acosta & Sánchez-Ortíz & Hoffman & Hernández-Guerrero" authorityYear="2018" box="[181,455,1802,1827]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="328" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="encarnacionae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB64FFB2FF26FB7DFE0AF8EA" box="[181,455,1802,1827]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">Aplysina encarnacionae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2601932CB64FFB2FE5CFB7DFDE7F8EB" box="[463,554,1802,1827]" pageId="6" pageNumber="328" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB64FFB2FE5CFB7DFDE7F8EB" bold="true" box="[463,554,1802,1827]" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(tubular), and additionally, possess only anastomosed skeletons only, lacking the component of dendritic fibers seen in the new species. Those species include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB64FFB2FBB1FB59FB2CF88E" authorityName="Gomez & Bakus" authorityYear="1992" box="[1058,1249,1837,1862]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="328" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gerardogreeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB64FFB2FBB1FB59FBFEF88D" box="[1058,1075,1838,1861]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB64FFB2FBD2FB5AFB2CF88E" box="[1089,1249,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">gerardogreeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, encrusting with small lobes on top;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB64FFB2FE1BFB24FDF0F8A3" box="[392,573,1874,1899]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="328" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chiriquiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB64FFB2FE1BFB24FE54F8A2" box="[392,409,1875,1898]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB64FFB2FE3FFB25FDF0F8A3" box="[428,573,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">chiriquiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ramose;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB64FFB2FD26FB24FC8CF8A3" box="[693,833,1874,1899]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="328" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="clathrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB64FFB2FD26FB24FD0BF8A2" box="[693,710,1875,1898]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB64FFB2FD49FB25FC8CF8A3" box="[730,833,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">clathrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, massive-sprawling, clathrate; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB64FFB2FB71FB24FA58F8A3" box="[1250,1429,1874,1899]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="328" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="revillagigedi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB64FFB2FB71FB24FA58F8A3" box="[1250,1429,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">A. revillagigedi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, massive-sprawling.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB64FFB2FEEFFB02FDE6F846" authorityName="Gomez & Bakus" authorityYear="1992" box="[380,555,1909,1934]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinellidae" genus="Suberea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="328" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="azteca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB64FFB2FEEFFB02FDE6F846" box="[380,555,1909,1934]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">Suberea azteca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses a similar skeletal arrangement, anastomosed with long dendritic fibers in addition. This species will be commented upon below. The species appearing closest to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB64FFB2FB45FBECFA56F87A" authorityName="Gómez & González-Acosta & Sánchez-Ortíz & Hoffman & Hernández-Guerrero" authorityYear="2018" box="[1238,1435,1947,1970]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="328" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="encarnacionae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB64FFB2FB45FBECFA56F87A" box="[1238,1435,1947,1970]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">A. encarnacionae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB64FFB2FF23FBC9FED1F81E" authority="Gómez & González-Acosta & Sánchez-Ortíz & Hoffman & Hernández-Guerrero, 2018" authorityName="Gómez & González-Acosta & Sánchez-Ortíz & Hoffman & Hernández-Guerrero" authorityYear="2018" box="[176,284,1982,2006]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="328" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="airapii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB64FFB2FF23FBC9FED1F81E" box="[176,284,1982,2006]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">A. airapii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2601932CB64FFB2FEB0FBCAFEB1F81E" box="[291,380,1981,2006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="328" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB64FFB2FEB0FBCAFEB1F81E" bold="true" box="[291,380,1981,2006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, which will be described below, where both species will be compared.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5828D3CB65FFB3FF04FB51FA50F893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457264/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="329" startId="7.[151,250,1830,1852]" targetBox="[170,1417,193,1809]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98785BCB65FFB3FF04FB51FA50F893" blockId="7.[151,1437,1830,1883]" pageId="7" pageNumber="329">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB65FFB3FF04FB51FEC0F8F4" bold="true" box="[151,269,1830,1852]" pageId="7" pageNumber="329">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB65FFB3FE89FB50FDC2F8F4" authority="Gómez & González-Acosta & Sánchez-Ortíz & Hoffman & Hernández-Guerrero, 2018" authorityName="Gómez & González-Acosta & Sánchez-Ortíz & Hoffman & Hernández-Guerrero" authorityYear="2018" box="[282,527,1831,1852]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="329" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="encarnacionae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB65FFB3FE89FB50FDC2F8F4" box="[282,527,1831,1852]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="329">Aplysina encarnacionae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2601932CB65FFB3FD84FB50FDA5F8F4" box="[535,616,1831,1852]" pageId="7" pageNumber="329" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB65FFB3FD84FB50FDA5F8F4" bold="true" box="[535,616,1831,1852]" pageId="7" pageNumber="329">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, A. General structure of the skeletal architecture, atrium fibers at the bottom. B. Isolated dendritic fiber. C. Polygonal anastomosed fibers of atrium. D. Detail of dendritic fibers, E. Detail of anastomosed fiber.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98785BCB65FFBCFF54FBF0FC8BFE65" blockId="7.[151,1436,1927,2025]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,861]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="330" pageId="7" pageNumber="329">
|
||
Supposedly, the Caribbean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB65FFB3FE64FBF0FD0EF868" authorityName="sensu Sim & Bakus" authorityYear="1986" box="[503,707,1927,1952]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="329" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fistularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB65FFB3FE64FBF0FD0EF868" box="[503,707,1927,1952]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="329">Aplysina fistularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a tubular sponge, was reported at the eastern Pacific by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB605AACB65FFB3FAA9FBF0FEFCF80C" pageId="7" pageNumber="329" refId="ref8593" refString="Bakus, G. J. & Abbott, D. P. (1980) Porifera: The Sponges. In: Morris, R. H., Abbott, D. P. & Haderlie, E. C. (Eds.), Intertidal Invertebrates of California. Stanford University Press, California, pp. 21 - 38." type="book chapter">Bakus & Abbot (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB605AACB65FFB3FEF8FBDBFD91F80D" box="[363,604,1964,1989]" pageId="7" pageNumber="329" refId="ref10603" refString="Sim, C. & Bakus, G. J. (1986) Marine sponges of Santa Catalina Island, California. Allan Hancock Foundation Occasional Papers, New Series 5, 1 - 23." type="book chapter">Sim & Bakus (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the two forms from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E3B6B9CB65FFB3FCC0FBDBFC08F80D" box="[851,965,1964,1989]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="7" pageNumber="329">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33038CBCB65FFB3FC45FBDBFBD9F80C" box="[982,1044,1964,1988]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="329">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Nevertheless, the former authors describe it very briefly as an encrusting species, highlighting a reticulate skeleton with no skeletal measurements, and assigning
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB6AFFBCFEAAFCE0FDC1FF78" baseAuthorityName="de Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[313,524,151,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aiolochroia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="thiona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB6AFFBCFEAAFCE0FDC1FF78" box="[313,524,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="330">Aiolochroia thiona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB6AFFBCFDAEFCEEFD7AFF78" box="[573,695,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB6AFFBCFDAEFCEEFD6CFF78" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1845" box="[573,673,153,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Verongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Verongia</taxonomicName>
|
||
t.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB6AFFBCFC93FCEFFC26FF78" authorityName="sensu Hofknecht" authorityYear="1978" box="[768,1003,152,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Smenospongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aurea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB6AFFBCFC93FCEFFC26FF78" box="[768,1003,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="330">Smenospongia aurea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB6AFFBCFB88FCEEFB51FF78" box="[1051,1180,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB6AFFBCFB88FCEEFBB2FF78" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1845" box="[1051,1151,153,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Verongia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Verongia</taxonomicName>
|
||
a.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) to its synonymy.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB605AACB6AFFBCFAFDFCE0FE80FF1D" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" refId="ref10603" refString="Sim, C. & Bakus, G. J. (1986) Marine sponges of Santa Catalina Island, California. Allan Hancock Foundation Occasional Papers, New Series 5, 1 - 23." type="book chapter">Sim & Bakus (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, on the other hand, quoted a hollow cylinder indeed, but its fiber diameters are too thin 45‒106 µm compared with the new species described herein, as well as their mesh size 28‒80 µm. Nowise these data belong to a genuine Caribbean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB6AFFBCFE1FFD73FDDCFED5" authorityName="sensu Sim & Bakus" authorityYear="1986" box="[396,529,260,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fistularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB6AFFBCFE1FFD73FDDCFED5" box="[396,529,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="330">A. fistularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, even less to the present new species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB6AFFBCFC47FD73FB94FED5" authorityName="sensu Sim & Bakus" authorityYear="1986" box="[980,1113,260,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fistularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB6AFFBCFC47FD73FB94FED5" box="[980,1113,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="330">A. fistularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reported from Rocas Alijos (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB605AACB6AFFBCFF0DFD50FEF8FE88" box="[158,309,295,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" refId="ref8523" refString="Austin, W. C. (1996) Sponges from Rocas Alijos. In: Schmieder R. W. (Ed.), Rocas Alijos. Scientific Results from the Cornell Expeditions. Monographiae Biologicae 75. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 237 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 017 - 2917 - 8 _ 17" type="book chapter">Austin 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and another from Partida Island (BCS,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB605AACB6AFFBCFCA1FD5FFB65FE88" box="[818,1192,295,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" refId="ref8765" refString="Betancourt-Lozano, M., Gonzalez-Farias, F., Gonzalez-Acosta, B., Garcia-Gasca, A. & Bastida-Zavala, J. R. (1998) Variation of antimicrobial activity of the sponge Aplysina fistularis (Pallas, 1766) and its relation to associated fauna. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 223, 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0022 - 0981 (97) 00153 - 6" type="journal article">
|
||
Betancourt-Lozano
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB6AFFBCFB8AFD5EFB95FE88" box="[1049,1112,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="330">et. al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and those in field invertebrate guides (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB605AACB6AFFBCFE13FD3BFDE0FEAC" box="[384,557,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" refId="ref9870" refString="Kerstitch, A. (1989) Sea of Cortez marine invertebrates, A guide for the Pacific coast Mexico to Ecuador. Sea Challenger s. Monterey, California, 114 pp." type="book">Kerstitch 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB605AACB6AFFBCFDAFFD3BFD12FEAC" box="[572,735,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" refId="ref9654" refString="Gotshall, D. (1998) Sea of Cortez marine animals: a guide to common fishes and invertebrates, Baja California to Panama. Monterey, CA. Sea Challengers, Monterey, 110 pp." type="book">Gotshall 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB605AACB6AFFBCFD7EFD3BFBDBFEAC" box="[749,1046,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" refId="ref9904" refString="Kerstitch, A. & Bertsch, H. (2007) Sea of Cortez marine invertebrates. Sea Challengers. Monterey, California, 124 pp." type="book">Kerstitch & Bertsch 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are unjustified as well. All these records refer to massively-sprawling specimens, varying from flat, coarse mats, to irregular, fingerlike projections, living under rock ledges or not, with no measurements given.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33D2BD0CB6AFFBCFF54FDC0FE22FC95" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98785BCB6AFFBCFF54FDC0FAF1FD38" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB6AFFBCFF54FDC0FE5BFE18" ID-CoL="FQ87" authorityName="sensu Sim & Bakus" authorityYear="1986" box="[199,406,439,464]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fistularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB6AFFBCFF54FDC0FE5BFE18" box="[199,406,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="330">Aplysina fistularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Caribbean is a tubular sponge comparable to the present new species. However, these two species differ in several significant traits including even their tubular habit.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB6AFFBCFBE3FDABFAF5FE3C" ID-CoL="FQ84" authority="Gómez & González-Acosta & Sánchez-Ortíz & Hoffman & Hernández-Guerrero, 2018" authorityName="Gómez & González-Acosta & Sánchez-Ortíz & Hoffman & Hernández-Guerrero" authorityYear="2018" box="[1136,1336,476,500]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="encarnacionae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB6AFFBCFBE3FDABFAF5FE3C" box="[1136,1336,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="330">A. encarnacionae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2601932CB6AFFBCFAD3FDABFA51FE3D" box="[1344,1436,476,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB6AFFBCFAD3FDABFA51FE3D" bold="true" box="[1344,1436,476,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="330">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has an irregularly and thinly conulose surface, with slippery smooth areas, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB6AFFBCFBD5FE77FB04FDD0" ID-CoL="FQ87" authorityName="sensu Sim & Bakus" authorityYear="1986" box="[1094,1225,511,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fistularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB6AFFBCFBD5FE77FB04FDD0" box="[1094,1225,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="330">A. fistularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is homogeneously conulose, has a rough texture, and sometimes bears coarse ridges and folds, besides being yellow or brown in life (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB605AACB6AFFBCFF0DFE30FE4CFDA8" box="[158,385,583,608]" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" refId="ref10277" refString="Pinheiro, U. S., Hajdu, E. & Custodio, M. R. (2007) Aplysina Nardo (Porifera, Verongida, Aplysinidae) from the Brazilian coast with description of eight new species. Zootaxa, 1609, 1 - 51." type="journal article">
|
||
Pinheiro
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB6AFFBCFE95FE3EFEF5FDA8" box="[262,312,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="330">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB605AACB6AFFBCFE1FFE30FD9EFDA8" box="[396,595,583,608]" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" refId="ref9692" refString="Hajdu, E., Peixinho, S. & Fernandez, J. C. C. (2011) Esponjas Marinhas da Bahia: G uia de campo e laboratorio. Serie Livros 45. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 276 pp." type="book">
|
||
Hajdu
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB6AFFBCFE4BFE3EFDC4FDA8" box="[472,521,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="330">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The consistency is leathery in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB6AFFBCFC2FFE3FFB4FFDA8" ID-CoL="FQ84" authority="Gómez & González-Acosta & Sánchez-Ortíz & Hoffman & Hernández-Guerrero, 2018" authorityName="Gómez & González-Acosta & Sánchez-Ortíz & Hoffman & Hernández-Guerrero" authorityYear="2018" box="[956,1154,584,608]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="encarnacionae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB6AFFBCFC2FFE3FFB4FFDA8" box="[956,1154,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="330">A. encarnacionae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2601932CB6AFFBCFB1AFE30FB2EFDA8" box="[1161,1251,583,608]" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB6AFFBCFB1AFE30FB2EFDA8" bold="true" box="[1161,1251,583,608]" pageId="8" pageNumber="330">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and soft or hard in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB6AFFBCFF25FE1BFEF6FD4D" ID-CoL="FQ87" authorityName="sensu Sim & Bakus" authorityYear="1986" box="[182,315,620,645]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fistularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB6AFFBCFF25FE1BFEF6FD4D" box="[182,315,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="330">A. fistularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Other traits vary also, but above all the skeletal structure in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB6AFFBCFB91FE1BFB45FD4D" ID-CoL="FQ87" authorityName="sensu Sim & Bakus" authorityYear="1986" box="[1026,1160,620,645]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fistularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB6AFFBCFB91FE1BFB45FD4D" box="[1026,1160,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="330">A. fistularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a much more regular anastomosed network. No dendritic fibers are present except those at the conule tips, and fiber diameters are much thinner 30‒280 µm with respect to the new species, with pith diameter also thinner 10‒60 µm (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB605AACB6AFFBCFB24FEC3FA5AFD04" box="[1207,1431,692,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" refId="ref10277" refString="Pinheiro, U. S., Hajdu, E. & Custodio, M. R. (2007) Aplysina Nardo (Porifera, Verongida, Aplysinidae) from the Brazilian coast with description of eight new species. Zootaxa, 1609, 1 - 51." type="journal article">
|
||
Pinheiro
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB6AFFBCFA8DFEC2FA82FD05" box="[1310,1359,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="330">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB605AACB6AFFBCFF04FEA0FE91FD38" box="[151,348,727,752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" refId="ref9692" refString="Hajdu, E., Peixinho, S. & Fernandez, J. C. C. (2011) Esponjas Marinhas da Bahia: G uia de campo e laboratorio. Serie Livros 45. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 276 pp." type="book">
|
||
Hajdu
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB6AFFBCFF71FEAEFEDEFD38" box="[226,275,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="330">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). All these features differ from those observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB6AFFBCFC14FEAFFB80FD38" ID-CoL="FQ84" authority="Gómez & González-Acosta & Sánchez-Ortíz & Hoffman & Hernández-Guerrero, 2018" authorityName="Gómez & González-Acosta & Sánchez-Ortíz & Hoffman & Hernández-Guerrero" authorityYear="2018" box="[903,1101,728,752]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="encarnacionae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB6AFFBCFC14FEAFFB80FD38" box="[903,1101,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="330">A. encarnacionae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2601932CB6AFFBCFBC7FEA0FB63FD38" box="[1108,1198,727,752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB6AFFBCFBC7FEA0FB63FD38" bold="true" box="[1108,1198,727,752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="330">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(see above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B98785BCB6AFFBCFF54FE8BFE22FC95" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="330">
|
||
Molecular data (ITS region) confirmed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB6AFFBCFD0AFE8BFCAEFCDC" ID-CoL="FQ84" authority="Gómez & González-Acosta & Sánchez-Ortíz & Hoffman & Hernández-Guerrero, 2018" authorityName="Gómez & González-Acosta & Sánchez-Ortíz & Hoffman & Hernández-Guerrero" authorityYear="2018" box="[665,867,764,788]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="encarnacionae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB6AFFBCFD0AFE8BFCAEFCDC" box="[665,867,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="330">A. encarnacionae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2601932CB6AFFBCFCFCFE8BFC00FCDD" box="[879,973,764,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB6AFFBCFCFCFE8BFC00FCDD" bold="true" box="[879,973,764,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="330">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
’s nesting in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2703D8CB6AFFBCFBFAFE8BFB06FCDD" ID-CoL="84LH6" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1834" box="[1129,1227,764,789]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953A449CB6AFFBCFBFAFE8BFB06FCDD" box="[1129,1227,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="330">Aplysina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; in a subclade of Eastern Tropical Pacific species, separated by a wide gap from species at a Caribbean clade, which prompted us to distinguish it as a new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |